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Leptosia Nina 93 PUSTAKA 41 MENGENAL KUPU-KUPU

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Leptosia Nina 93 PUSTAKA 41 MENGENAL KUPU-KUPU JENIS-JENIS KUPU KUPU Di Desa Bulu Mario Tapanuli Selatan Penulis: Muhammad Andrianto, S.Hut Ir. Lin Nuriah Ginoga, M.Si Kompilator : Yun Yudiarti Layout: Aulia Khalil Hardiansyah Penerbit: Sekretariat Kelompok Kerja Pengelolaan Lansekap Batang Toru Cetakan pertama, Desember 2020 Hak Cipta dilindungi oleh undang-undang. Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini dalam bentuk dan dengan acara apapun tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit. SEKRETARIAT KELOMPOK KERJA PENGELOLAAN LANSEKAP BATANG TORU KATA PENGANTAR SMILE dibentuk menjadi Forum Lanskap Nasional/Indonesia Landscape Forum yang unggul untuk berbagi dan belajar bersama strategi pengelolaan lanskap berkelanjutan (PLB). SMILE diharapkan dapat menjadi wadah untuk mengenalkan dan mengarus-utamakan pendekatan lanskap pada pengelolaan SDAH di Indonesia dimana perlindungan dan pemanfaatan kehati, sosial ekonomi dan budaya (livelihood) serta penggunaan lahan untuk kepentingan lain dilihat dalam sebuah cara pikir dan sistem nilai yang terintegrasi, holistik dan kemitraan. SMILE juga dibentuk dengan mengintegrasikan konsep knowledge management dan organizational learning dengan shared learning secara partisipatif guna menghasilkan best practices yang dapat diadopsi para pihak secara adaptif dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam secara berkelanjutan pada skala lanskap. Berbagi dan Belajar bersama dalam SMILE atau Indonesia Landscape Forum dapat membantu Pemerintah, LSM/CSO, Sektor Privat, Masyarakat dan Pelaku Pembangunan lainnya untuk mengambil keputusan kolaboratif dalam pengelolaan lanskap berkelanjutan Dalam rangka Berbagi dan Belajar Bersama, menangkap informasi dan ilmu pengetahuan dari berbagai aktor (Knowledge Capture) salah satunya adalah berbagi ilmu tentang bagaimana mengidentifikasi kupu-kupu. Kupu-kupu memiliki peran sebagai bioindikator lingkungan dan pollinator berbagai jenis tumbuhan. Kupu-kupu memiliki warna yang cerah mengindikasikan bahwa lingkungan masih asri, sedangkan kupu-kupu dengan warna kusam/gelap merupakan indikasi lingkungan mulai tercemar. Diharapkan dengan adanya buku ini dapat menjadi referensi atau bahan bacaan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengenal jenis-jenis kupu- kupu yang ada di Desa Bulu Mario. Kehadiran buku ini akan menambah koleksi bagi pencinta dan pemerhati kupu-kupu. Deskripsi jenis kupu-kupu yang ditemukan di Bulu Mario, Kawasan Hutan Batang Toru. Deskripsi jenis ini dilakukan dengan berbagai macam pustaka. Semoga bermanfaat. Sekretaris Umum Pokja Batang Toru Haryanto R. Putro Daftar isi MENGENAL KUPU-KUPU 1 DIMANA KITA BISA MENEMUKAN KUPU-KUPU 2 KAPAN WAKTU MENGAMATI KUPU-KUPU 3 BERAPA LAMA USIA KUPU-KUPU 4 DAUR HIDUP KUPU-KUPU 5 HABITAT KUPU-KUPU 8 CIRI-CIRI KUPU-KUPU 10 SIKLUS HIDUP KUPU-KUPU 12 CARA MENGIDENTIFIKASI KUPU-KUPU 15 FAMILI HESPERIIDAE 17 1 Oriens gola 19 2 Parnara apostata 20 FAMILI LYCAENIDAE 21 1 Allotinus unicolor 23 2 Jamides phaseli 24 3 Jamides celeno 25 4 Udara placidula 26 5 Sithon nedymond 27 6 Zizina otis 28 FAMILI NYMPHALIDAE 29 1 Argynnis hyperbius 31 2 Cethosia hypsea 32 3 Chersonesia rahria 33 4 Cupha erymanthis 34 5 Cyrestis nais 35 6 Dichorragia nesimachus 36 7 Doleschallia bisaltide 37 8 Euploea camaralzeman 38 9 Euploea leucostictos 39 10 Euploea mulciber 40 11 Euploea radamanthus 41 12 Hypolimnas bolina 42 13 Hypolimnas misippus 43 14 Idea stolli 44 15 Ideopsis gaura 45 16 Junonia atlites 46 17 Junonia iphita 47 18 Kallima paralekta 48 19 Mycalesis fuscum 49 20 Mycalesis oroatis 50 21 Mycalesis patiana 51 22 Neorina lowii 52 23 Neptis clinia 53 24 Neptis hylas 54 25 Neptis leucoporos 55 26 Neptis miah 56 27 Neptis vikasi 57 28 Orsotriaena medus 58 29 Pantoporia hordonia 59 30 Parantica melaneus 60 31 Ragadia makuta 61 32 Stibochiona coresia 62 33 Tanaecia iapis 63 34 Tanaecia trigerta 64 35 Vindula erota 65 36 Xanthotaenia busiris 66 37 Ypthima baldus 67 38 Ypthima horsfieldii 68 39 Ypthima iarba 69 40 Ypthima nigricans 70 41 Ypthima pandocus 71 42 Ypthima philomela 72 FAMILI PAPILIONIDAE 73 1 Graphium agamemnon 75 2 Graphium doson 76 3 Papilio demoleus 77 4 Papilio demolion 78 5 Papilio helenus 79 6 Papilio memnon 80 7 Papilio nephelus 81 8 Troides amphrysus 82 9 Troides helena 83 FAMILI PIERIDAE 84 1 Appias albina 86 2 Appias indra 87 3 Appias lyncida 88 4 Delias hyparete 89 5 Eurema blanda 90 6 Eurema hecabe 91 7 Eurema sari 92 8 Leptosia nina 93 PUSTAKA 41 MENGENAL KUPU-KUPU Kupu-kupu merupakan serangga yang termasuk dalam bangsa Lepidoptera, artinya serangga yang Kupu-kupu yakni sering ditemukan hampir seluruh permukaan dalam sebuah daerah dengan banyak tubuhnya tertutupi oleh lembaran- sekali tanaman karena mereka lembaran sisik yang memberi corak mencari makanan dari ekstrak bunga dan warna sayap kupu-kupu. atau sari buah. Kupu-kupu adalah makhluk yang mempunyai sebuah bentuk makhluk cantik dengan warna- warna cerah, ukurannya yakni sangat bervariasi akan tetapi tergantung dengan jenisnya. Meskipun kupu-kupu termasuk dalam kelompok serangga, mereka adalah jenis serangga yang tak berbahaya dalam kehidupan kalangan manusia. 01 DIMANA KITA BISA MENEMUKAN KUPU KUPU? Kupu-kupu akan terbang saat kondisi matahari mulai hangat di tempat-tempat yang terbuka, Menurut Sihombing (2002), kupu- hinggap pada bunga. Kondisi kupu biasanya hidup pada habitat lingkungan yang disenangi kupu- terestrial tetapi komposisi dari jenis kupu berada pada kisaran suhu yang ada bervariasi menurut antara 28ºC - 38ºC dengan kondisi habitatnya. Habitat kupu- kelembaban udara kurang dari kupu ditandai dengan tersedianya 85% dan intensitas cahaya yang tumbuhan inang untuk pakan larva, cukup agar dapat mengepakkan serta tumbuhan penghasil nektar sayapnya untuk terbang mencari bagi imagonya. Apabila kedua makan dan beraktivitas. tumbuhan ini tersedia di suatu habitat, maka memungkinkan kupu- kupu dapat melangsungkan hidupnya. Dapat ditemukan di hutan, padang rumput, sungai 02 KAPAN WAKTU MENGAMATI KUPU KUPU? Waktu terbaik untuk menemukan kupu-kupu adalah saat mencari makan di pagi dan sore hari. Pagi hari sekitar pukul 08.00–10.00 WIB dan sore hari, yaitu sekitar pukul 13.00 – 15.00 WIB. Foto: M Andrianto 03 BERAPA LAMA USIA KUPU KUPU? Sekalinya ia keluar dari kepompong sebagai kupu-kupu dewasa, seekor kupu-kupu hanya memiliki beberapa minggu saja untuk hidup. Sebagian besar kupu-kupu hidup selama 2-4 minggu. Sepanjang waktu tersebut, ia akan memfokuskan energinya untuk 2 hal: makan dan kawin. Beberapa kupu-kupu terkecil, yang berwarna biru, hanya bisa bertahan beberapa hari. Kupu-kupu yang hidup lama dalam bentuk dewasa, seperti monarchs atau mourning cloaks, bisa hidup sampai 9 bulan. Foto: M Andrianto 04 DAUR HIDUP KUPU-KUPU Terdapat beberapa fase atau tahapan dalam metamorfosis hewan kupu-kupu yang akan dijelaskan sebagai berikut: 1. Telur Pertama, dalam proses metamorfosis yakni dimulai dengan bagian terkecil, yaitu sel telur. Kupu-kupu jenis betina dapat meletakkan telurnya di bawah daun tanaman, yang memudahkan ibu untuk memantaunya. Daunnya ditutupi semacam lem dengan telur. Lem kupu-kupu dari induknya yakni sangat kuat. Ini kaerana dapat dilakukan agar telur tetap aman dan tidak mudah dimakan dengan predator. Telur kupu-kupu memiliki kulit keras yang dapat menahan udara dingin dan panas. Pada saat ini, dibutuhkan beberapa minggu atau bulan. 05 2. Ulat Dalam sebuah fase ini merupakan sebuah fase yang kebanyakan orang tidak suka, telur kupu-kupu menetas ulat atau larva. Ulat memiliki warna dan ukuran yang berbeda serta tergantung pada induknya. Makanan utama dengan sebagian besar ulat adalah daun hijau segar yang mengandung nutrisi dan nutrisi. Tujuannya hanya agar tidak haus dan lapar. Ulat beracun dan memiliki bentuk yang mengerikan adalah untuk melindungi diri dari pemangsa. Ulat memiliki 3 pasang kaki yang solid dan berfungsi untuk menahan diri. Ulat merupakan suatu binatang yang begitu sangat ditakuti dengan banyak kalangan orang karena bentuk dan efeknya pada kulit serta gatal dan alergi. 3. Pupa atau kepompong Tahap selanjutnya adalah bahwa ulat yakni dapat membentuk cangkang atau dapat disebut sebagai kepompong menggunakan daun yang dibungkus dengan benang khusus yang mengandung sutra, atau semuanya adalah sutra. Proses ini dapat memakan waktu sekitar 12 hari. Ulat tidur dalam waktu 12 hari sampai mereka keluar dan menganggap bentuk yang sangat menakjubkan, yaitu kupu-kupu. Dalam tahap ini, ulat akan mencerna dirinya sendiri terhadap enzim dan hanya menyisakan bagian terpenting dari dirinya sendiri dan kemudian menjadi kupu-kupu. Setelah 12 hari, kepompong yakni siap menjadi kupu-kupu dan sangat membutuhkan energi besar untuk keluar dari kepompong sebelumnya. Ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa kupu-kupu hanya tiga kali lebih ringan dari pada kepompong. Yakni kupu-kupu mengkonsumsi sebagian besar energinya. 06 4. Kupu-Kupu Setelah berhasil untuk melarikan diri dalam kepompong dengan cara yang sangat menakjubkan. Kupu-kupu menggunakan cairan itu sendiri untuk melunakkan kulit kepompong, dan kemudian menggunakan cakarnya untuk merobek kepompong. Setelah berhasil melarikan diri, kupu-kupu akan mengering dan berkembang. Fase ini hanya berlangsung beberapa jam dan saat ini adalah waktu yang sangat rentan dan berbahaya bagi kupu-kupu karena mereka tidak mempunyai sebuah kekuatan dan upaya untuk mudah dimakan oleh pemangsa. Setelah merasa siap dan memiliki kekuatan, ia siap mengepakkan sayapnya untuk pertama kalinya dan memulai perjalanannya di seluruh dunia dengan tampilan yang rapi dan menawan. 07 HABITAT KUPU-KUPU Kupu-kupu biasanya dapat ditemukan di tempat-tempat dengan banyak bunga. Berbeda dengan ulat, yang
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