Eighteenth Amendment and the Volstead Act
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Antitrust Status of Farmer Cooperatives
USDA Antitrust Status of Farmer Cooperatives: United States Department of Agriculture The Story of the Capper- Rural Business- Volstead Act Cooperative Service Cooperative Information Report 59 Abstract The Capper-Volstead Act provides a limited exemption from antitrust liability for agricultural producers who market the products they produce on a cooperative basis. Without Capper-Volstead, farmers who agree among themselves on the pric es they'll accept for their products and other terms of trade would risk being held in violation of antitrust law. Even with the exemption, agricultural producers are not free to unduly enhance the prices they charge, consolidate with or collaborate in anticompetitive conduct with nonproducers, or engage in conduct with no legitimate business purpose that is intended to reduce competition. Keywords: cooperative, antitrust, Capper-Volstead Act, law ________________________________________ Antitrust Status of Farmer Cooperatives: The Story of the Capper-Volstead Act Donald A. Frederick Program Leader Law, Policy & Governance Rural Business-Cooperative Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Information Report 59 September 2002 RBS publications and information are available on the Internet. The RBS w eb site is: http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs Preface Antitrust law poses a special challenge to agricultural marketing associations. Certain conduct by independent business people-- agreeing on prices, terms of sale, and whom to sell to--violates the Sherman Act and other antitrust statutes. And these are the very types of collaborative activities that agricultural producers conduct through their marketing cooperatives. Since 1922, the Capper-Volstead Act has provided a limited antitrust exemption for agricultural marketing associations. Producers, through qualifying associations, can agree on prices and other terms of sale, select the extent of their joint marketing activity, agree on common marketing practices with other cooperatives, and achieve substantial market share and influence. -
Boardwalk Empire
BOARDWAI,K EIITPIRE ,'Pi1ot " written by Terence Wint,er FIRST DRAFT April L6, 2008 G *ffi EXT. ATLAI:i"IIC OCEAN - NIGHT With a buoy softly clangring in the dist,ance, a 90-fooE fishing schooner, the ?omoka, rocks lazily on the open ocean, waves gentLy lapping at its hulI. ON DECK BILL MCCOY, pensive , 40, checks his pocket wauch, then spius tobaeco juice as he peers into the darkness. In the distance, VgE SEE flickering lights, then HEAR the rumble of motorboats approaching, twenty in atl. Their engines idle as the first pulls up and moors alongside. BTLL MCCOY (calling dovrn) Sittin' goddamn duck out here. DANIIy MURDOCH, tough, 30s, looks up from the motorboatr, where he's accompanied. by a YOIING HOOD, 18. MIJRDOCH So move it. then, c,mon. ON DECK McCoy yanks a canvas tarp off a mountainous stack of netted earqo -- hundreds of crates marked "Canadian Club Whiskey'. WiEh worlsnanlike precision, he and three CRSWI,IAN hoist the first load of two dozen crates up and over the side, lowering it down on a pulley. As the net reaches the motorboaL: MURDOCH (CONT'D) (to the Young Hood) Liquid go1d, boyo. They finish setting the load in place, then Murdoch guns the motorboat and heads off. Another boat putters in to take his s1ot, as the next cargo neb is lowered. TBACK WITH MURDOCH'S MOTORBOAT as it heads inland through the darkness over the water. Slowly, a KINGDOM OF LIGHTS appears on the horizon, with grand hotels, massive neon signs, carnival rides and giant lighted piers li-ning its shore. -
The Noble Experiment
Parkland College A with Honors Projects Honors Program 2014 The obleN Experiment Scarlett Longdon Parkland College Recommended Citation Longdon, Scarlett, "The oN ble Experiment" (2014). A with Honors Projects. 129. https://spark.parkland.edu/ah/129 Open access to this Essay is brought to you by Parkland College's institutional repository, SPARK: Scholarship at Parkland. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Scarlett Longdon Final Project History 105-201 Parkland College THE NOBLE EXPERIMENT Many in the early twentieth century believed alcohol to be responsible for the many problems plaguing America. Groups like the Women’s Christian Temperance Union and the Anti-Saloon League pressed for prohibition laws banning the sale, manufacture and consumption of alcohol in the belief that it would reduce unemployment, domestic violence and poverty. With a massive push that was decades in the making, the Eighteenth Amendment is passed and prohibition takes effect in January 1920. With the desire to drink still looming over everyone, the illegal alcohol or moonshining business boomed, causing more problems in America and not fixing the old ones. The rate of alcoholism rose, and many even began dying off from the illegal poisonous alcohol they were consuming. Prohibition is when the infamous gangster Al Capone came to light, with many others like him murdering others to make a buck. Prohibition ended as a failure due to many reasons. The American’s determination to get drunk and make money overwhelmed the laws passed to prevent it. How illegal alcohol, money, and the people pulling the strings on both sides ended prohibition before it was even able to start will be the focus of my paper. -
RUL Journal 2005.P65
THE JOURNAL OF THE RUTGERS UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 89 THE ALCOHOL HISTORY COLLECTION AT THE CENTER OF ALCOHOL STUDIES: A VALUABLE RESOURCE ON AMERICAN TEMPERANCE AND PROHIBITION BY PENNY BOOTH PAGE Penny Page is the director of information services, Rutgers University Center of Alcohol Studies The American temperance movement, which culminated in the thirteen- year “dry” hiatus known as National Prohibition, provides a fascinating look at one of the most colorful eras in our history. By the 1830s, American alcohol consumption had peaked at an all-time high of 7.1 gallons of absolute alcohol per capita annually1—more than three times the current consumption rate of 2.18 gallons.2 As drunkenness grew, many concerned citizens reacted by forming societies advocating the “temperate” use of alcohol (which generally meant moderate use of beer or wine, but no use of hard liquor). However, as the century progressed, fears arising from industrialization and the growing tide of immigration led most temperance leaders to call for total abstinence from all alcoholic beverages as a means of protecting society from the ravages of drink. The Woman’s Crusade of the 1870s and the formation of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Anti-Saloon League (ASL) reflected the concerns of Americans across the social spectrum for the protection of the family and the maintenance of social norms based largely on Protestant Christian values (although many Catholics and others shared temperance sympathies as well). The Alcohol History Collection at the Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies provides a valuable look into the attitudes, events, organizations, and leaders of those times. -
Autographs – Auction November 8, 2018 at 1:30Pm 1
Autographs – Auction November 8, 2018 at 1:30pm 1 (AMERICAN REVOLUTION.) CHARLES LEE. Brief Letter Signed, as Secretary 1 to the Board of Treasury, to Commissioner of the Continental Loan Office for the State of Massachusetts Bay Nathaniel Appleton, sending "the Resolution of the Congress for the Renewal of lost or destroyed Certificates, and a form of the Bond required to be taken on every such Occasion" [not present]. ½ page, tall 4to; moderate toning at edges and horizontal folds. Philadelphia, 16 June 1780 [300/400] Charles Lee (1758-1815) held the post of Secretary to the Board of Treasury during 1780 before beginning law practice in Virginia; he served as U.S. Attorney General, 1795-1801. From the Collection of William Wheeler III. (AMERICAN REVOLUTION.) WILLIAM WILLIAMS. 2 Autograph Document Signed, "Wm Williams Treas'r," ordering Mr. David Lathrop to pay £5.16.6 to John Clark. 4x7½ inches; ink cancellation through signature, minor scattered staining, folds, docketing on verso. Lebanon, 20 May 1782 [200/300] William Williams (1731-1811) was a signer from CT who twice paid for expeditions of the Continental Army out of his own pocket; he was a selectman, and, between 1752 and 1796, both town clerk and town treasurer of Lebanon. (AMERICAN REVOLUTION--AMERICAN SOLDIERS.) Group of 8 items 3 Signed, or Signed and Inscribed. Format and condition vary. Vp, 1774-1805 [800/1,200] Henry Knox. Document Signed, "HKnox," selling his sloop Quick Lime to Edward Thillman. 2 pages, tall 4to, with integral blank. Np, 24 May 1805 * John Chester (2). ALsS, as Supervisor of the Revenue, to Collector White, sending [revenue] stamps and home distillery certificates [not present]. -
June Auction
CONFEDERATE GENERAL BRADLEY T. JOHNSON’S LIFE INSURANCE POLICY * 305 A fascinating 1 page 5 x 8" ADS, New York, July 8, 1867 on the Letterhead of the Liverpool & London & Globe Insurance Policy, and bearing the blind seal of the company. Issued soon after the close of the Civil War, the Hand -written, custom made CONFEDERATE SOLDIER’S PASS * 314 policy for $5000 has some rather unusual * 307 MAGNUS SONG SHEET. 5” x 8”. Hand- wording, probably in keeping with the CHARLESTON S.C. A 3 1/2 “ x 6 1/2 “ * 310 colored. “Mother, dearest, I am coming”. terms of Johnson’s Parole, and reads as fol- partly printed Confederate officers pass, is- LOT OF THREE MAGNUS SONG Fine. $40 - up lows:” Policy No. 4032 assuring $5000 sued on April 26 of 1862, allowing a Cap- SHEETS. 5” x 8”. All hand-colored. “Tak- on the life of Bradley T. Johnson:” Permis- tain Mason Morfit to travel to Richmond, ing Up Quarters”, Some light foxing at ex- sion is hereby given to the assured to re- Va., signed by the Mayor of Charleston and treme left. Fine. “Who will Care For Mickey side in any part of the State of North Caro- Captain Morfit. Expected folds and minor Now?”, Fine. “Home Without A Mother” lina distant not less than 100 miles from the soiling, otherwise very good. $100- up Small edge chink at top margin. Fine. seacoast, and to travel to & from such parts $120 - up of the State of North Carolina and any State or States North of the Southern Boundary of Virginia”. -
History of the U.S. Attorneys
Bicentennial Celebration of the United States Attorneys 1789 - 1989 "The United States Attorney is the representative not of an ordinary party to a controversy, but of a sovereignty whose obligation to govern impartially is as compelling as its obligation to govern at all; and whose interest, therefore, in a criminal prosecution is not that it shall win a case, but that justice shall be done. As such, he is in a peculiar and very definite sense the servant of the law, the twofold aim of which is that guilt shall not escape or innocence suffer. He may prosecute with earnestness and vigor– indeed, he should do so. But, while he may strike hard blows, he is not at liberty to strike foul ones. It is as much his duty to refrain from improper methods calculated to produce a wrongful conviction as it is to use every legitimate means to bring about a just one." QUOTED FROM STATEMENT OF MR. JUSTICE SUTHERLAND, BERGER V. UNITED STATES, 295 U. S. 88 (1935) Note: The information in this document was compiled from historical records maintained by the Offices of the United States Attorneys and by the Department of Justice. Every effort has been made to prepare accurate information. In some instances, this document mentions officials without the “United States Attorney” title, who nevertheless served under federal appointment to enforce the laws of the United States in federal territories prior to statehood and the creation of a federal judicial district. INTRODUCTION In this, the Bicentennial Year of the United States Constitution, the people of America find cause to celebrate the principles formulated at the inception of the nation Alexis de Tocqueville called, “The Great Experiment.” The experiment has worked, and the survival of the Constitution is proof of that. -
The Fusion of Hamiltonian and Jeffersonian Thought in the Republican Party of the 1920S
© Copyright by Dan Ballentyne 2014 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED This work is dedicated to my grandfather, Raymond E. Hough, who support and nurturing from an early age made this work possible. Also to my wife, Patricia, whose love and support got me to the finish line. ii REPUBLICANISM RECAST: THE FUSION OF HAMILTONIAN AND JEFFERSONIAN THOUGHT IN THE REPUBLICAN PARTY OF THE 1920S BY Dan Ballentyne The current paradigm of dividing American political history into early and modern periods and organized based on "liberal" and "conservative" parties does not adequately explain the complexity of American politics and American political ideology. This structure has resulted of creating an artificial separation between the two periods and the reading backward of modern definitions of liberal and conservative back on the past. Doing so often results in obscuring means and ends as well as the true nature of political ideology in American history. Instead of two primary ideologies in American history, there are three: Hamiltonianism, Jeffersonianism, and Progressivism. The first two originated in the debates of the Early Republic and were the primary political division of the nineteenth century. Progressivism arose to deal with the new social problems resulting from industrialization and challenged the political and social order established resulting from the Hamiltonian and Jeffersonian debate. By 1920, Progressivism had become a major force in American politics, most recently in the Democratic administration of Woodrow Wilson. In the light of this new political movement, that sought to use state power not to promote business, but to regulate it and provide social relief, conservative Hamiltonian Republicans increasingly began using Jeffersonian ideas and rhetoric in opposition to Progressive policy initiatives. -
ED463204.Pdf
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 463 204 SO 033 594 AUTHOR Kelly, Kerry C. TITLE The Volstead Act and Related Prohibition Documents. The Constitution Community: The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930). INSTITUTION National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 33p.; For additional lessons, see SO 033 595 and 596 and ED 461 604-610. AVAILABLE FROM National Archives and Records Administration, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20408. Tel: 866-325-7208; e-mail: [email protected]. For full text: http://www.nara.gov/education/cc/main.html. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Standards; *Government Role; *Laws; National Standards; Primary Sources; Secondary Education; Social Studies; *United States History IDENTIFIERS Congress; *Eighteenth Amendment; National Civics and Government Standards; National History Standards; *United States Constitution ABSTRACT In 1917, after much agitation for alcohol prohibition by many temperance societies and organizations, the House of Representatives wanted to make Prohibition the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and sent the amendment to the states for ratification. Thirteen months later enough states said yes to the amendment. It was now against the law to manufacture, sell, and transport alcoholic liquors. In this lesson, students examine primary source documents to find out why the "great social and economic experiment, noble in motive and far reaching in purpose" as Herbert Hoover called it, did not work. They also identify the changing values and cultural pressures at the beginning of the 20th century. The lesson relates to the power of Congress to amend the Constitution as specified in Article V, and also relates to Amendment 18, which banned alcohol, and to Amendment 21 which repealed national Prohibition. -
Celebrating the Impact of Senator Birch Bayh a Lasting Legacy on the Constitution and Beyond
Celebrating the Impact of Senator Birch Bayh A Lasting Legacy on the Constitution and Beyond Wednesday October 16, 2019 3:30 p.m. – 4 p.m., Check-in 4 p.m. – 6:30 p.m., Program CLE COURSE MATERIALS Table of Contents 1. Speaker Biographies (view in document) 2. CLE Materials Panel 1: Women’s Rights Panel 3: Senator Bayh’s Enduring Legacy and Example as a Public Servant National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education, 2012) Title IX at 40: Working to Ensure Gender in Clymer, Adam. N.Y. Times. Birch Bayh, 91, Dies; Senator Education. (View in document) Drove Title IX and 2 Amendment (View in document) Neale, Thomas H. Congressional Research Service, 2018. 79 Fordham L. Rev. A Modern Father of Our The Proposed Equal Rights Amendment: Contemporary Constitution: An Interview with Former Senator Birch Ratification Issues. (View in document) Bayh. (View in document) th Panel 2: Amending the Constitution: 25 Pamphlet on Impact of the Bayh-Dole Act. th Amendment, 26 Amendment, and the Electoral (View in document) College 25th Amendment Text. (View in document) 26th Amendment Text and Brief Explanation. (View in document) Goldstein, Joel K. 86 Fordham L. Rev. 1137, 2017. The Bipartisan Bayh Amendment (View in document) Amar, Akhil Reed; Amar, Vikram David. How to Achieve Direct National Election of the President Without Amending the Constitution. (View in document) Feerick, John D. 79 Fordham L. Rev. 907. Presidential Succession and Inability: Before and After the Twenty- Fifth Amendment. (View in document) Wegman, Jesse. N.Y. Times Birch Bayh and the Quest for a More Perfect Constitution. -
Final Social Studies
Minnesota Department of Education May 15, 2004, 9:45 p.m. Minnesota Academic Standards in History and Social Studies HISTORY AND SOCIAL STUDIES If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be . .I know of no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves. And if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform their discretion by education. - Thomas Jefferson Public education in Minnesota must help students gain the knowledge and skills that are necessary to, in Jefferson’s view, protect and maintain freedom. The Social Studies Standards on the following pages attempt to do just this by specifying the particular knowledge and skills that Minnesota students will be required to learn in the disciplines of U.S. History, World History, Geography, Economics and Civics as required by Minnesota statutes. These standards are written with the recognition that additional academic disciplines, Psychology, Sociology, and Anthropology, have strong traditions of instruction in Minnesota schools. Schools may choose to continue teaching in these academic disciplines as local traditions, interest, and school priorities dictate. 1 Minnesota Department of Education May 15, 2004, 9:45 p.m. Minnesota Academic Standards in History and Social Studies HISTORY What is History? The study of History (Minnesota, U.S., and World) helps students to see how people in other times and places have grappled with the fundamental questions of truth, justice, and personal responsibility, to understand that ideas have real consequences, and to realize that events are shaped both by ideas and the actions of individuals. -
Prohibition in the Taft Court Era
William & Mary Law Review Volume 48 (2006-2007) Issue 1 Article 2 October 2006 Federalism, Positive Law, and the Emergence of the American Administrative State: Prohibition in the Taft Court Era Robert Post Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Repository Citation Robert Post, Federalism, Positive Law, and the Emergence of the American Administrative State: Prohibition in the Taft Court Era, 48 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1 (2006), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol48/iss1/2 Copyright c 2006 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr William and Mary Law Review VOLUME 48 No.1, 2006 FEDERALISM, POSITIVE LAW, AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE AMERICAN ADMINISTRATIVE STATE: PROHIBITION IN THE TAFT COURT ERAt ROBERT POST* ABSTRACT This Article offers a detailed analysis of major Taft Court decisions involving prohibition, including Olmstead v. United States, Carroll v. United States, United States v. Lanza, Lambert v. Yellowley, and Tumey v. Ohio. Prohibition,and the Eighteenth Amendment by which it was constitutionally entrenched, was the result of a social movement that fused progressive beliefs in efficiency with conservative beliefs in individualresponsibility and self-control. During the 1920s the Supreme Court was a strictly "bone-dry" institution that regularly sustained the administrative and law enforcement techniques deployed by the federal government in its t This Article makes extensive use of primary source material, including the papers of members of the Taft Court. All unpublished sources cited herein are on file with the author.