DOCSLIB.ORG

The Preservation of Tabby Ruins: Suggestions for the Future of Chocolate Plantation ______

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Preservation of Tabby Ruins: Suggestions for the Future of Chocolate Plantation ______ Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2016 The rP eservation of Tabby Ruins: Suggestions for the Future of Chocolate Plantation Rachel Walling Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Walling, Rachel, "The rP eservation of Tabby Ruins: Suggestions for the Future of Chocolate Plantation" (2016). All Theses. 2328. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2328 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PRESERVATION OF TABBY RUINS: SUGGESTIONS FOR THE FUTURE OF CHOCOLATE PLANTATION ______________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Schools of Clemson University and the College of Charleston ______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Historic Preservation ______________________________________________________ by Rachel Walling May 2016 ______________________________________________________ Accepted by: Amalia Leifeste, Committee Chair Craig Bennett Kristopher King Richard Marks, III 1 ABSTRACT The preservation efforts undertaken at historic tabby sites have varied greatly from site to site with differing levels of success. A critical look at different preservation strategies enables the development of best practices for appropriate tabby preservation. These best practices may be applied to an array of sites but are tested in this thesis as they are applied to Chocolate Plantation. Chocolate Plantation is a historic site from the early nineteenth century composed primarily of tabby buildings on the Georgia barrier island of Sapelo. Constructed during the Spalding Era of tabby, between the years 1790 and 1875, Chocolate is representative of plantation design in the most active era of tabby construction. After years of neglect, Chocolate stands primarily in ruin with no plan for preservation or interpretation. Aided by the analysis of other tabby ruins of the Spalding Era this thesis seeks to find an appropriate solution for the preservation of Chocolate through the creation of a preservation plan. Working from a list of over fifty Spalding Era tabby ruins, sites are analyzed for their preservation strategies. The analysis narrows the tabby sites further to a few model samples that display specific preservation options that may be applied to Chocolate Plantation. These sites were chosen for their similarities in ownership, accessibility, and condition to Chocolate so that the application of strategies are more directly relatable. The recommendations compiled for Chocolate Plantation offer strategies that have been utilized with success at other sites. The comparative analysis as a whole provides a broader look at preservation of tabby structures by synthesizing best practices from most remaining tabby sites. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to extend my thanks to all those who have offered me their insight, guidance, and support throughout this thesis process. First, to our great program director, Carter Hudgins, thank you for answering all of my emails over the summer that pushed me into finding a thesis topic that truly interested and excited me.To Fred Hay, manager of Sapelo Island, thank you for giving me the idea to explore preservation at Chocolate Plantation. To Amalia Leifeste, my thesis advisor, who constantly pushed my vague ideas into clearer and more substantial directions. Without your guidance I would have been totally lost in this process. And to my committee, including Craig Bennett, Richard Marks, and Kristopher King whose guidance, experience, and connections contributed greatly to making my thesis better. Special thanks to Colin Brooker for answering all of my emails and phone calls. Your experience with tabby preservation provided me with valuable information that you were always so willing to share. Thank you too for introducing me to the very helpful and gracious John Huntley of Historic Dataw Foundation. A big thank you to Mr. Huntley for allowing me access on to your great tabby site and for allowing me to borrow your personal papers related to the management of Sams Plantation. Another big thank you to all of those who answered my emails and phone calls and provided me with information into tabby site management: Morgan Baird at the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, William Brunson with Camden County PSA, Royce Hayes with St. Catherines Island, Kyle Messina at the De Soto National Memorial, Angie Spisak of the Tolomato Island Property Owners Association, and many others with the National Park Service and State Park systems. iii A huge thank you to my fabulous group of friends in the MSHP program. Meghan White, Meredith Wilson, Haley Schriber, and Jean Stoll, you have all helped me persevere in this program and throughout the thesis process. I could not have done this without your constant friendship and support. And lastly, to my amazing mother, you introduced me to Sapelo Island and Chocolate Plantation, prompting the topic of my thesis. Thank you for accompanying me on the long bike rides up to Chocolate and exploring the Sapelo wilderness to find hidden tabby building remains.Your strength, optimism, and support has always guided me in positive directions and has proved extremely valuable and inspirational in every aspect of my life. iv6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE.....................................................................................................................i ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES.........................................................................................................vi CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION, HISTORIC CONTEXT & EXISTING LITERATURE.......................................................................1 Introduction...................................................................................1 Part 1: History of Sapelo Island......................................................7 Part 2: History of Chocolate Plantation........................................27 Part 3: History of Tabby..............................................................31 Part 4: Literature Review.............................................................43 II. THE LAYOUT OF CHOCOLATE PLANTATION...............................61 Methodology...............................................................................61 Chocolate Plantation Site Conditions.........................................63 III. ANALYSIS OF TABBY RUIN SITES...................................................85 Part 1: Broad Analysis ................................................................85 Part 2: Comparables Sites to Chocolate Plantation...................128 Part 3: Exemplary Sites for Tabby Preservation.......................146 IV. RECOMMENDATIONS & CONCLUSIONS.....................................157 Recommendations for Chocolate Plantation.............................157 Conclusions................................................................................161 APPENDICES..............................................................................................................165 A: Site List.................................................................................................167 B: Site Surveys...........................................................................................177 C: Chocolate Plantation Condition Photos................................................203 D: Chocolate Plantation Building Recommendations................................219 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................233 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Deteriorated tabby wall, McIntosh Sugar Mill, Georgia...................................2 1.2 Map of Sapelo Island, GA.................................................................................3 1.3 Aerial view of Chocolate Plantation today.........................................................4 1.4 Map of Georgia Barrier Islands..........................................................................8 1.5 Shell Ring, Sapelo Island, GA.........................................................................10 1.6 Map of Sapelo’s Geechee communities...........................................................24 1.7 Map of Chocolate Plantation Tract..................................................................30 1.8 Interpretive sign of tabby construction and tabby cradle reproduction, Dataw Island, SC.............................................................................................37 1.9 Failing stucco, Stoney-Baynard Plantation, SC..............................................38 1.10 Fragile tabby floor at Kingsley Plantation, FL.................................................39 1.11 Pitched tabby roof at Sams Plantation of Dataw Island, SC.............................40 1.12 Remaining beam of tabby roof system, The Thicket, Tolomato Island, GA.......40 1.13 Rectangular column, McIntosh Sugar Mill, Camden County, GA....................41 1.14 Deteriorating tabby bricks,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historic Context Statement City of Benicia February 2011 Benicia, CA
    Historic Context Statement City of Benicia February 2011 Benicia, CA Prepared for City of Benicia Department of Public Works & Community Development Prepared by page & turnbull, inc. 1000 Sansome Street, Ste. 200, San Francisco CA 94111 415.362.5154 / www.page-turnbull.com Benicia Historic Context Statement FOREWORD “Benicia is a very pretty place; the situation is well chosen, the land gradually sloping back from the water, with ample space for the spread of the town. The anchorage is excellent, vessels of the largest size being able to tie so near shore as to land goods without lightering. The back country, including the Napa and Sonoma Valleys, is one of the finest agriculture districts in California. Notwithstanding these advantages, Benicia must always remain inferior in commercial advantages, both to San Francisco and Sacramento City.”1 So wrote Bayard Taylor in 1850, less than three years after Benicia’s founding, and another three years before the city would—at least briefly—serve as the capital of California. In the century that followed, Taylor’s assessment was echoed by many authors—that although Benicia had all the ingredients for a great metropolis, it was destined to remain in the shadow of others. Yet these assessments only tell a half truth. While Benicia never became the great commercial center envisioned by its founders, its role in Northern California history is nevertheless one that far outstrips the scale of its geography or the number of its citizens. Benicia gave rise to the first large industrial works in California, hosted the largest train ferries ever constructed, and housed the West Coast’s primary ordnance facility for over 100 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Lowcountry Regional Transit Plan, May 2008
    Regional Transit & Coordination Plan LOWCOUNTRY REGION Prepared for: Prepared by: November 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Community Summary .............................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 Population Trends ....................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Economic Summary .................................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 Income ........................................................................................................................ 7 2. Existing Transit in the Lowcountry Region .......................................................................................... 8 2.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Existing Transit Services ........................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Palmetto Breeze (Lowcountry Regional Transportation Authority) ........................... 8 2.3 Regional Trends and Summary ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • TABBY: the ENDURING BUILDING MATERIAL of COASTAL GEORGIA by TAYLOR P. DAVIS (Under Direction of Dr. Reinberger)
    TABBY: THE ENDURING BUILDING MATERIAL OF COASTAL GEORGIA by TAYLOR P. DAVIS (Under direction of Dr. Reinberger) ABSTRACT Tabby is a unique building material found along the coast of the Southeastern United States. This material is all that remains above grade of many past coastal cultures and illustrates much of the history of Coastal Georgia. In this master’s thesis, I present the following areas of research: 1) an explanation of the history and origins of the different generations of tabby, 2) a list of historical tabby sites that I feel are pertinent to its history and cultural significance, and 3) the production of samples of tabby through historical means and the analysis of their compressive strength. With these three concentrations of study, I am able to compile new information on this culturally significant building material. INDEX WORDS: Tabby, Coquina, Limekiln, Limerick, Oglethorpe, Thomas Spalding, Oglethorpe Tabby, Military Tabby, Spalding Tabby, Tabby Revival, Pseudo Tabby, Fort Frederica, St. Augustine, McIntosh County, Glynn County, Camden County TABBY: THE ENDURING BUILDING MATERIAL OF COASTAL GEORGIA by TAYLOR P. DAVIS B.F.A., The University of Georgia, 2006 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Historic Preservation Athens, Georgia 2011 © 2011 TAYLOR P. DAVIS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TABBY: THE ENDURING BUILDING MATERIAL OF COASTAL GEORGIA by TAYLOR P. DAVIS Major Professor: Mark Reinberger Committee: Wayde Brown Larry Millard Scott Messer Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia December 2011 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In this section, I would like to acknowledge the people who have helped me with this project: my mother and father for their patience, support, and advice; my in-laws for them graciously allowing me to use their property for my experimentation and for their advice; my sister for her technical support; Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Case 2:16-Cv-00053-RSB-BWC Document 199 Filed 03/07/19 Page 1 of 100
    Case 2:16-cv-00053-RSB-BWC Document 199 Filed 03/07/19 Page 1 of 100 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF GEORGIA BRUNSWICK DIVISION SARAH FRANCES DRAYTON; CAROLYN BANKS; MELVIN BANKS, SR.; CEASER BANKS; NANCY BANKS; LORIE BANKS on behalf of herself and the ESTATE OF MELVIN BANKS, JR.; MARION BANKS; ROBERTA BANKS; RICHARD BANKS; ELLEN BROWN; EARLENE DAVIS; ANDREA DIXON; DEBORAH DIXON; SAMUEL L. DIXON; DAN GARDNER; CHERYL GRANT; BOBBY GROVNER; CELIA GROVNER; DAVID GROVNER, SR., on behalf of himself and the ESTATE OF VERNELL GROVNER; DAVID GROVNER, JR.; IREGENE GROVNER, JR.; IREGENE GROVNER ,SR.; RALL GROVNER; ANGELA HALL; ANGELINA Case No. 2:16-cv-00053-DHB-RSB HALL; REGINALD HALL; BENJAMIN HALL; FLORENCE HALL; JOSEPH HALL; SECOND AMENDED MARGARET HALL on behalf of herself and COMPLAINT FOR DAMAGES the ESTATE OF CHARLES HALL; AND DECLARATORY AND VICTORIA HALL; ROSEMARY HARRIS; INJUNCTIVE RELIEF DENA MAY HARRISON on behalf of the ESTATE OF HAROLD HILLERY; JOHNNIE HILLERY; BRENDA JACKSON; JURY TRIAL DEMANDED JESSE JONES; TEMPERANCE JONES; SONNIE JONES; HARRY LEE JORDAN; DELORES HILLERY LEWIS; JOHNNY MATTHEWS; FRANCES MERCER; MARY DIXON PALMER; LISA MARIE SCOTT; ANDREA SPARROCK; DAVID SPARROCK; AARON WALKER; VERDIE WALKER; MARCIA HALL WELLS; STACEY WHITE; SYLVIA WILLIAMS; VALERIE WILLIAMS; HELP ORG, INC.; and RACCOON HOGG, CDC, Plaintiffs, v. MCINTOSH COUNTY, GEORGIA, by and 1 Case 2:16-cv-00053-RSB-BWC Document 199 Filed 03/07/19 Page 2 of 100 through its BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS; STATE OF GEORGIA; GOVERNOR NATHAN DEAL, in his official capacity; GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES; GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSIONER MARK WILLIAMS, in his official capacity; GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS; and MCINTOSH COUNTY SHERIFF STEPHEN JESSUP, in his official capacity, Defendants.
    [Show full text]
  • Settlement Patterns of the Geechee at Sapelo Island Georgia, from 1860 to 1950
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School March 2021 Our Story, Our Homeland, Our Legacy: Settlement Patterns of The Geechee at Sapelo Island Georgia, From 1860 To 1950 Colette D. Witcher University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Witcher, Colette D., "Our Story, Our Homeland, Our Legacy: Settlement Patterns of The Geechee at Sapelo Island Georgia, From 1860 To 1950" (2021). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8889 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Our Story, Our Homeland, Our Legacy: Settlement Patterns of the Geechee at Sapelo Island Georgia, From 1860 To 1950 by Colette D. Witcher A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a concentration in Archaeology Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Thomas J. Pluckhahn, Ph.D. Antoinette T. Jackson, Ph.D. Diane Wallman. Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 10, 2021 Keywords: Historical Archaeology, African-American Archaeology, Post-Emancipation Archaeology, Anarchist Archaeological Theory Copyright © 2021, Colette D. Witcher ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Thomas J. Pluckhahn, Dr. Antoinette T. Jackson, and Dr. Diane Wallman. I thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Street & Number East Side of the Island Ownership of Property
    RECEIVED 2280 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service II "'I :»"• 5^^%,IQQfi NATIONAL REGISTER OF '. ISTRATION FORM This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in "Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms" (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900a). Type all entries. l. Name of Property historic name HOG HAMMOCK HISTORIC DISTRICT other names/site number N/A _ street & number East side of the island city/ town Sapelo Island (N/A) vicinity of county Mclntosh code GA 191 state Georgia code GA zip code 31327 (N/A) not for publication 3. Classification Ownership of Property: (X) private ( ) public-local (X) public-state ( ) public-federal Category of Property ( ) building(s) (X) district ( ) site ( ) structure ( ) object Number of Resources within Property! Contributing Noncontributinq buildings 59 47 sites 5 0 structures 16 0 objects 0 0 total 80 47 Contributing resources previously listed in the National Register: N/A Name of related multiple property listing: N/A 4. State/Federal Agency certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
    [Show full text]
  • African Reflections on the American Landscape
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior National Center for Cultural Resources African Reflections on the American Landscape IDENTIFYING AND INTERPRETING AFRICANISMS Cover: Moving clockwise starting at the top left, the illustrations in the cover collage include: a photo of Caroline Atwater sweeping her yard in Orange County, NC; an orthographic drawing of the African Baptist Society Church in Nantucket, MA; the creole quarters at Laurel Valley Sugar Plantation in Thibodaux, LA; an outline of Africa from the African Diaspora Map; shotgun houses at Laurel Valley Sugar Plantation; details from the African Diaspora Map; a drawing of the creole quarters at Laurel Valley Sugar Plantation; a photo of a banjo and an African fiddle. Cover art courtesy of Ann Stephens, Cox and Associates, Inc. Credits for the illustrations are listed in the publication. This publication was produced under a cooperative agreement between the National Park Service and the National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers. African Reflections on the American Landscape IDENTIFYING AND INTERPRETING AFRICANISMS Brian D. Joyner Office of Diversity and Special Projects National Center for Cultural Resources National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 2003 Ta b le of Contents Executive Summary....................................................iv Acknowledgments .....................................................vi Chapter 1 Africa in America: An Introduction...........................1 What are Africanisms? ......................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Kennedy Historic Trail
    Robert T. Kennedy, DAUFUSKIE ISLAND Founding President of the HISTORY Daufuskie Island Historical Foundation Daufuskie Island, tucked between Savannah, Georgia, and AUFUSKIE Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, was inhabited by numerous Robert T. Kennedy was born in Hartford, native tribes until the early 1700's when they were driven away D ISLAND Connecticut. Rob, a successful business man, from their land by explorers, traders and settlers. While under and his wife Dottie lived in many places British rule, plantations were developed, growing indigo and later including Hong Kong, Calcutta, New York Sea Island cotton. Slaves tilled the fields while plantation owners City, Seattle and Atlanta. They retired to and their families spent much of the year away. The slaves’ Daufuskie Island in 1991. An avid history isolation provided the setting for the retention of their African buff, Rob became a student of Daufuskie's culture. illustrious past. He served as island tour guide and became the first Plantation owners and slaves fled the island at the start of the president of the Daufuskie Island Historical Foundation when it Civil War. Union troops then occupied the island. After the war, was established in 2001. Rob was a natural raconteur and shared freed slaves (Gullah people) returned to the island, purchasing Daufuskie stories with visitors and locals alike until shortly before small plots of land or working for landowners. The boll weevil his death in 2009. destroyed the cotton fields in the early 1900's. Logging and the Rob Kennedy enjoyed a good laugh, a martini and his many Maggioni Oyster Canning Factory provided jobs for the friends.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 BOURBON FIELD: PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS of a BARRIER ISLAND PLANTATION SITE, SAPELO ISLAND, GEORGIA by Rachel Laura Devan
    BOURBON FIELD: PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS OF A BARRIER ISLAND PLANTATION SITE, SAPELO ISLAND, GEORGIA by Rachel Laura DeVan Perrine B.A., The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 2008 A thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences The University of West Florida In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts 2012 The thesis of Rachel Laura DeVan Perrine is approved: ____________________________________________ _______________________ Norma J. Harris, M.A., Committee Member Date ____________________________________________ _______________________ George B. Ellenberg, Ph.D., Committee Member Date ____________________________________________ _______________________ David C. Crass, Ph.D., Committee Member Date ____________________________________________ _______________________ John E. Worth, Ph.D., Committee Chair Date Accepted for the Department/Division: ____________________________________________ _______________________ John R. Bratten, Ph.D., Chair Date Accepted for the University: ____________________________________________ _______________________ Richard S. Podemski, Ph.D., Dean, Graduate School Date DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my late grandma, Dorothy Ore, who was supportive and enthusiastic about my decision to pursue a career in archaeology and whose zest for life and positive attitude will always be an inspiration to me. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Over the course of my thesis work, I have been very fortunate in having help through every stage of the project. I could not have completed my thesis without the assistance and support of those individuals who lent a hand along the way and I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude. First of all, I would like to thank my UWF thesis committee members, Norma Harris, John Worth, and George Ellenberg for their guidance and help during the various phases of my research.
    [Show full text]
  • AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORIC PLACES in SOUTH CAROLINA ////////////////////////////// September 2015
    AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORIC PLACES IN SOUTH CAROLINA ////////////////////////////// September 2015 State Historic Preservation Office South Carolina Department of Archives and History should be encouraged. The National Register program his publication provides information on properties in South Carolina is administered by the State Historic in South Carolina that are listed in the National Preservation Office at the South Carolina Department of Register of Historic Places or have been Archives and History. recognized with South Carolina Historical Markers This publication includes summary information about T as of May 2015 and have important associations National Register properties in South Carolina that are with African American history. More information on these significantly associated with African American history. More and other properties is available at the South Carolina extensive information about many of these properties is Archives and History Center. Many other places in South available in the National Register files at the South Carolina Carolina are important to our African American history and Archives and History Center. Many of the National Register heritage and are eligible for listing in the National Register nominations are also available online, accessible through or recognition with the South Carolina Historical Marker the agency’s website. program. The State Historic Preservation Office at the South Carolina Department of Archives and History welcomes South Carolina Historical Marker Program (HM) questions regarding the listing or marking of other eligible South Carolina Historical Markers recognize and interpret sites. places important to an understanding of South Carolina’s past. The cast-aluminum markers can tell the stories of African Americans have made a vast contribution to buildings and structures that are still standing, or they can the history of South Carolina throughout its over-300-year- commemorate the sites of important historic events or history.
    [Show full text]
  • Freiberg Online Geoscience FOG Is an Electronic Journal Registered Under ISSN 1434-7512
    FOG Freiberg Online Geoscience FOG is an electronic journal registered under ISSN 1434-7512 2021, VOL 58 Broder Merkel & Mandy Hoyer (Eds.) FOG special volume: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Scientific Diving 2021 178 pages, 25 contributions Preface We are happy to present the proceedings from the 6th European Conference on Scientific Diving (ECSD), which took place in April 2021 as virtual meeting. The first ECSD took place in Stuttgart, Germany, in 2015. The following conferences were hosted in Kristineberg, Sweden (2016), Funchal, Madeira/Portugal (2017), Orkney, Scotland/UK (2018), and Sopot, Poland (2019), respectively. The 6th ECSD was scheduled for April 2020 but has been postponed due to the Corona pandemic by one year. In total 80 people registered and about 60 participants were online on average during the two days of the meeting (April 21 and 22, 2021). 36 talks and 15 posters were presen-ted and discussed. Some authors and co-authors took advantage of the opportunity to hand in a total of 25 extended abstracts for the proceedings published in the open access journal FOG (Freiberg Online Geoscience). The contributions are categorized into: - Device development - Scientific case studies - Aspects of training scientists to work under water The order of the contributions within these three categories is more or less arbitrary. Please enjoy browsing through the proceedings and do not hesitate to follow up ideas and questions that have been raised and triggered during the meeting. Hopefully, we will meet again in person
    [Show full text]
  • A Visitor's Guide to Accessing Georgia's Coastal Resources
    A Visitor’s Guide to Accessing Georgia’s Coastal Resources Beaches & Barrier Islands Cultural & Historic Sites Rivers & Waterways Wildlife Viewing & Walking Trails FREE COPY - NOT FOR SALE A Visitor’s Guide to Accessing Georgia’s Coastal Resources acknowledgements This Guide was prepared by The University of Georgia Marine Extension Service under grant award # NA06NOS4190253 from the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of OCRM or NOAA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Georgia Department of Natural Resources’ Wildlife Resources Division and Parks and Historic Sites Division for their assistance and for permission to use certain descriptions, maps, and photographs in the drafting of this Guide. The authors also acknowledge the Coastal Resources Division and particularly Beach Water Quality Manager Elizabeth Cheney for providing GIS maps and other helpful assistance related to accessing Georgia beaches. This Access Guide was compiled and written by Phillip Flournoy and Casey Sanders. University of Georgia Marine Extension Service 715 Bay Street Brunswick, GA 31520 April 2008 Photo Credits: ~ Beak to Beak Egret Chicks by James Holland, Altamaha Riverkeeper ~ Sapelo Island Beach by Suzanne Van Parreren, Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve ~ Main House, Hofwyl Plantation by Robert Overman, University of Georgia Marine Extension Service ~ J. T. Good, A Chip Off the Block by Captain Brooks Good table of contents Acknowledgements. 2 Map of Georgia Coastal Counties and the Barrier Islands. 5 Foreword. 6 1. Beaches and Barrier Islands . 7 a. Chatham County.
    [Show full text]