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Deux Dates De Fondation Du Monastère De Saint Gall

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Deux Dates De Fondation Du Monastère De Saint Gall Zwei Anfänge des The two beginnings Deux dates de fondation Gallusklosters of the Abbey of St Gall du monastère de saint Gall Auf die Frage, ob Gallus 612 oder Otmar There are two answers to the question whether Il y a deux réponses à la question de savoir qui, 719 das Kloster St. Gallen gegründet hat, the Abbey of St Gall was founded by Gallus in 612 de Gall en 612 ou d’Othmar en 719, a fondé gibt es zwei Antworten. or by Othmar in 719. le monastère de St-Gall. Neuere Ausgrabungen im Stiftsbezirk bezeugen Recent excavations in the Abbey Precinct attested Des fouilles récentes dans l’ensemble conventuel bereits für die Zeit von Gallus eine mittelgrosse to a medium-sized settlement at the time of Gallus. témoignent de l’existence d’une colonie de taille Siedlung. Das deckt sich mit dem Bericht der This corresponds with the Vitae of St Gall, moyenne dès l’époque de saint Gall. Ceci est cohérent Gallusviten, dass sich nach 612 um Gallus eine erste which mention that a monastic community grew up avec les Vitae de Gall, selon lesquelles une première monastische Gemeinschaft formierte. around him after 612. communauté monastique s’était formée après 612 autour de Gall. Nach dem Tod von Gallus (um 640) wurde sein Grab After the death of Gallus (c. 640), his grave became zur Pilgerstätte. Inwieweit die Mönchs gemeinschaft a place of pilgrimage. It is not clear how far the Après sa mort (vers 640), sa tombe devint un lieu de ihren klösterlichen Charakter beibehielt, ist nicht klar. community retained its monastic character. A donation pèlerinage. Il n’est cependant pas clair dans quelle Um 700 ist eine Schenkung an die Galluskirche to the Church of St Gall is recorded around 700. mesure la communauté de moines garda son caractère bezeugt. monastique. Un don à l’église Saint-Gall datant de 700 In 719, the local ruler Waltram appointed the Alemanni- est attesté. 719 setzte Waltram, der örtliche Machthaber, an Othmar as abbot and head of the Church of St Gall. den Alemannen Otmar als Leiter der Galluskirche Othmar revived the community and St Gall became En 719, Waltram, le seigneur local, plaça l’Aléman und auch als Abt ein. Otmar belebte den Ort neu one of the leading monasteries in Alemannia. Othmar à la tête de l’église Saint-Gall et comme abbé. und formte St. Gallen zu einem der wichtigsten Celui-ci revivifia le lieu et permit à St-Gall de devenir Othmar thus became the second founder of the abbey, Klöster Alemanniens. l’un des plus importants monastères d’Alémanie. but Gallus was the origin and first founder of the Otmar wurde so zum zweiten Gründer des Klosters. monastic community of St Gall. Othmar fut ainsi considéré comme le second fondateur Ursprung und erster Gründer der Mönchs­ du monastère. gemeinschaft von St. Gallen ist jedoch Gallus. La personne à l’origine de la communauté monastique et son premier fondateur reste cependant saint Gall. Otmar und die Benediktsregel Othmar and the Rule of St Benedict Othmar et la règle bénédictine Wir wissen nicht, welcher Regel die Mönche We do not know which monastic rule the monks Nous ne connaissons pas la règle que suivaient les unter Otmar anfangs folgten. Vielleicht war es under Othmar initially followed. Possibly, it moines sous Othmar au début. Peut-être était-ce eine Mischregel mit Elementen aus den combined elements of the monastic rules of un mélange comprenant des éléments des règles Mönchsregeln von Kolumban und Benedikt. Columban and Benedict. In 747, Othmar established monastiques de saint Colomban et saint Benoît. 747 führte Otmar die Benediktsregel ein. the Rule of St Benedict in his monastery. Othmar introduisit la règle bénédictine en 747. Das geschah möglicherweise nicht ganz This may not have been entirely voluntary, Ceci n’intervint probablement pas complète- freiwillig, denn der Anstoss dazu kam von den because the impetus came from the Frankish ment librement, car l’élan venait des maires du fränkischen Hausmeiern Karlmann und Pippin. mayors of the palace Carloman and Pepin. palais francs Carloman et Pépin. Die Handschrift mit der Benediktsregel, die The manuscript with the Rule of St Benedict Le manuscrit contenant la règle bénédictine que Pippin an Otmar sandte, gibt es nicht mehr. which Pepin sent to Othmar has been lost. Pépin envoya à Othmar n’existe plus. Les copies Die ältesten Abschriften in St. Gallen stammen The oldest transcriptions at St Gall date from les plus anciennes présentes à St-Gall erst aus dem frühen 9. Jahrhundert. the early 9th century. proviennent seulement du début du IXe siècle. Eine von ihnen ist besonders: Sie enthält neben One of these transcriptions is particularly L’une d’elles se distingue : elle comporte, outre dem lateinischen Text auch eine Übersetzung interesting: apart from the Latin text, there is le texte en latin, une traduction en vieux haut ins Althochdeutsche. also a translation into Old High German. allemand. Benedikt von Nursia († 547) verfasste die Regel Benedict of Nursia († 547) wrote the Rule Benoît de Nursie († 547) rédigea la règle vers um 540 für seine Mönchsgemeinschaft around 540 for his monastic community on 540 pour sa communauté de moines sur le auf dem Monte Cassino. Er hatte vorher Monte Cassino. He had previously lived Mont Cassin. Auparavant, il avait vécu plusieurs mehrere Jahre als Einsiedler und dann als for several years as a hermit and afterwards années comme colon puis comme supérieur Vorsteher einer Eremitengemeinschaft gelebt. became head of a community of hermits. d’une communauté d’ermites. Die Welt wird verzaubert The world comes under a spell Le monde est comme envoûté Das 8. Jahrhundert ist eine Schlüsselperiode The 8th century was a key period in the Le VIIIe siècle est une période charnière du für die Entwicklung Europas. Die Welt wurde development of Europe. The world was, to a développement de l’Europe. Le monde fut d’une vom Christentum gewissermassen verzaubert. certain extent, under the spell of Christianity. certaine manière envoûté par le christianisme. Die Antike war vorüber, und nach den Wirren Classical Antiquity was over and, after the L’Antiquité était révolue, et après les instabilités und Kriegen der Völkerwanderung konsolidierte turmoil and wars of the Migration Period, the et les guerres liées aux invasions barbares, le sich der Kontinent politisch und kulturell. continent regained political and cultural stability. continent se consolida politiquement et culturellement. In diesem Umfeld entwickelte sich eine neue In this environment a new spiritual world geistige Welt, die sich von den Idealen developed, inspired by the ideals of Dans ce contexte, un nouveau monde spirituel des Christentums inspirieren liess. Christianity. émergea, inspiré par les idéaux du christianisme. Wichtige Träger dieses Aufbruchs waren die Monasteries played an important role in this Les cadres de cette montée en puissance furent Klöster, die jetzt immer zahlreicher entstanden. revival. More and more of them were built les monastères, qui se multiplièrent. Ils Sie beteiligten sich aufbauend und weitsichtig and they made a constructive and far-sighted participaient de manière constructive et durable am gesellschaftlichen Leben. contribution to social life. à la vie sociale. Kultur und Wissenschaft empfingen in dieser During this time, cultural and scholarly pursuits La culture et la science reçurent à cette époque Zeit wesentliche Impulse von den Rändern received vital impulses from outlying parts of des impulsions cruciales de tous les coins de Europas, insbesondere aus Spanien, Irland und Europe, especially Spain, Ireland and England. l’Europe, en particulier d’Espagne, d’Irlande et England. d’Angleterre. Der soziale Heilige St. Gallens The social saint of St Gall Le saint social de St-Gall Otmar machte die Sorge um die Armen und Othmar attached great importance to caring Othmar fit du soin apporté aux pauvres et aux Kranken zu einer wichtigen Aufgabe seines for the poor and the sick at his monastery. malades un devoir important de son monastère. Klosters. Er setzte sich auch persönlich für die He also ministered personally to those in need. Il s’engagea personnellement pour les Bedürftigen ein. nécessiteux. This Christian commitment to caring for the Grundlage für diese christliche Tätigkeit für poor and the sick was based on a verse from Le fondement de cette activité chrétienne en Arme und Kranke war ein Vers aus dem St. Matthew’s Gospel: faveur des pauvres et des malades était le verset Matthäusevangelium: “Truly I tell you, just as you did it to one of the de l’évangile selon saint Matthieu : «Was ihr einem dieser meiner geringsten Brüder least of these who are members of my family, « Chaque fois que vous l’avez fait à l’un de ces getan habt, das habt ihr mir getan» (Mt 25,40). you did it to me” (Matthew 25:40). plus petits qui sont mes frères, c’est à moi que vous l’avez fait » (Mt 25,40). Walahfrid Strabo berichtet, dass Otmar Walahfrid Strabo reports that Othmar built für die Armen Wohnstätten errichtete und dwellings for the poor and shared his clothes Walafrid Strabon raconte qu’Othmar avait érigé mit ihnen seine Kleider teilte. with them. des hospices pour les pauvres et partageait ses Silber, das König Pippin ihm für sein Kloster He immediately gave away the silver that vêtements avec eux. gegeben hatte, verschenkte er sofort weiter. King Pepin had given him for his monastery. Il ne gardait pas l’argent que le roi Pépin lui donnait pour son monastère et en faisait Auch um Aussätzige kümmerte er sich. He also looked after lepers, building a hospital for immédiatement don. Er liess ein Spital für sie bauen und versorgte them and caring for them with his own hands.
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