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Downloaded from the Humanities Digital Library http://www.humanities-digital-library.org Open Access books made available by the School of Advanced Study, University of London Press ***** Publication details: European Religious Cultures: Essays offered to Christopher Brooke on the occasion of his eightieth birthday edited by Miri Rubin https://humanities-digital-library.org/index.php/hdl/catalog/book/european- religious-cultures DOI: 10.14296/0620.9781912702701 ***** This edition published 2020 by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU, United Kingdom ISBN 978-1-912702-70-1 (PDF edition) This work is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses European Religious Cultures Essays offered to Christopher Brooke on the occasion of his eightieth birthday Edited by Miri Rubin IHR SHORTS European Religious Cultures Essays offered to Christopher Brooke on the occasion of his eightieth birthday Professor Christopher Brooke (Photograph: Yao Liang) European Religious Cultures Essays offered to Christopher Brooke on the occasion of his eightieth birthday Edited by Miri Rubin LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU Foreword © Miri Rubin 2020 All remaining chapters © their respective authors 2020 All rights reserved This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free or to purchase at https://www.sas.ac.uk/publications ISBNs 978-1-912702-71-8 (paperback) 978-1-912702-70-1 (PDF) 978-1-912702-72-5 (.mobi) 978-1-912702-73-2 (.epub) Contents Notes on contributors vii Acknowledgements ix Foreword xi I. The study of religious cultures 1 From church history to religious culture: the study of medieval religious life and spirituality 3 Giles Constable Medieval history and generic expansiveness: some thoughts from near Stratford-on-Avon 17 Paul Binski II. Life-cycle and vocation 35 Ninth-century vocations of persons of mature years 37 Janet L. Nelson William Wykeham’s early ecclesiastical career 47 Virginia Davis III. Performance and ritual 63 Religious symbols and practices: monastic spirituality, pilgrimage and crusade 65 William J. Purkis ‘The Devil made me do it’: demonic intervention in the medieval monastic liturgy 87 Susan Boynton Inside and outside the medieval laity: some reflections on the history of emotions 105 John H. Arnold ‘The whole company of Heaven’: the saints of medieval London 129 Caroline M. Barron Epilogue 147 Christopher Brooke v Notes on contributors John H. Arnold is professor of medieval history at the University of Cambridge and author of numerous books, including Belief and Unbelief in Medieval Europe (London, 2005) and What is Medieval History? (Oxford, 2008). Recent edited collections include Heresy and Inquisition in France, c.1200-c.1300 (with Peter Biller, Manchester, 2015) and History after Hobsbawm: Writing the Past for the Twenty-First Century (with Matthew Hilton and Jan Rüger, Oxford, 2018). Caroline M. Barron is professorial research fellow at the Department of History, Royal Holloway, University of London. She is the author of many articles and the editor of several collections of essays. Her book London in the Later Middle Ages: Government and People, 1200–1500 was published by Oxford University Press in 2005. In 2019 she was the recipient of a volume entitled Medieval Londoners, offered on the occasion of her eightieth birthday, and published by University of London Press. Paul Binski is professor of the history of medieval art at the University of Cambridge. He specializes in the art and architecture of Western Europe in the Gothic period in England especially. His fields of interest include manuscript, panel and wall painting, sculpture and architecture, patronage and the relationship of art and ideas. His most recent books include Gothic Wonder (New Haven, Conn., 2014) and Gothic Sculpture (New Haven, Conn., 2019). Susan Boynton is professor of historical musicology at Columbia University. She works on medieval liturgy and chant in regions of what are now Italy, France and Spain. Susan is the author of Shaping a Monastic Identity: Liturgy and History at the Imperial Abbey of Farfa, 1000–1125 (Oxford, 2006), which won the Lewis Lockwood Award of the American Musicological Society. Recent publications include Silent Music: Medieval Song and the Construction of History in Eighteenth-Century Spain (Oxford, 2011) and Resounding Images. Medieval Intersections of Art, Music, and Sound (Turnhout, 2015), co-edited with Diane J. Reilly which received the Ruth A. Solie Award of the American Musicological Society. European Religious Cultures Giles Constable is professor emeritus at the School of Historical Studies of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey. His many works explore the culture of monasticism in eleventh- and twelfth-century Europe and its lasting effect on the later middle ages. Virginia Davis is professor of medieval history and dean for research in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Science at Queen Mary, University of London. Her research addresses themes in late medieval ecclesiastical and educational history, brought together in the biography William Wykeham (London, 2007). Other published works deal with the motivations of medieval priests in seeking ordination, and with the priesthood of medieval London. Her collection The Individual in Late Medieval England, co-edited with Julia Boffey, was published in 2009. Janet L. Nelson is professor emerita of medieval history at King’s College London. Her research interests lie chiefly in Carolingian culture and politics. Her debts, intellectual and personal, to Christopher Brooke go back to his years in London when she attended his seminars at the Institute of Historical Research. Her latest book, King and Emperor: a New Life of Charlemagne, was published by Allen Lane in 2019. William J. Purkis received his PhD from the University of Cambridge, and after a period of teaching at Queen Mary, University of London he is now reader in medieval history at the University of Birmingham. His publications include a monograph on Crusading Spirituality in the Holy Land and Iberia, c.1095–c.1187 (Woodbridge, 2008), The Charlemagne Legend in Medieval Latin Texts, co-edited with Matthew Gabriele (Woodbridge, 2016) and a number of articles on eleventh- and twelfth-century Iberian Christian perceptions of the past. Miri Rubin is professor of medieval and early modern history at Queen Mary, University of London. Her research explores the religious cultures of Europe, c.1100–1600 and her many publications include Mother of God: a History of the Virgin Mary (New Haven, Conn., 2009) and City of Strangers: Making Lives in Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 2020) based on her 2017 Wiles Lectures given at Queen’s University Belfast. viii Acknowledgements to the 2008 edition On 18 June 2007 a colloquium took place in honour of Christopher Brooke on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, in the Social Science Suite of Queen Mary, University of London. Queen Mary is the proud bearer of the heritage of Westfield College, which merged with Queen Mary in 1989. At Queen Mary the study of medieval religious cultures flourishes, just as it had done at Westfield College, where Christopher served as Professor of Medieval History between 1967 and 1977. It seemed most fitting to celebrate Christopher’s achievements – past and still very much present – at Queen Mary. Thanks to the support of the Department of History and the Humanities and Social Science Sector at Queen Mary we were able to offer a venue and generous hospitality to speakers and other participants. The papers collected in this issue were delivered and discussed on that day, an event which drew medieval scholars from London and far beyond. This enterprise of sharing new approaches to the study of medieval religious cultures received an excellent launch from the inaugurating lecture delivered by Professor Giles Constable on the evening of the colloquium. The Institute of Historical Research graciously hosted the event. Its Director, Professor David Bates, also suggested that the papers be published by the Institute. It is pleasing to know that the events we enjoyed so much that summer will thus be shared in part with a much wider audience. I am very grateful to Dr Jane Winters and Ms Emily Morrell for their guidance and support, and to the contributors who toiled to turn their animated talks into articles for publication. Miri Rubin Foreword to the 2020 edition One of the few consolations during the Covid-19 lockdown and its aftermath has been the intensification of contacts between historians, and the large number of publications that have become available online. After the few first weeks of shock and anxiety, and for some illness and the desperate care for sick relatives and loved ones, academics have organised themselves into seminar groupings around shared interest and expertise, yet global and all- embracing in their digital reach. Publishers followed with generous offers of access to books and articles to underpin whatever research was still going on during the closure of libraries and archives. The Institute of Historical Research – the historians’ home and a publisher too – has played its part, with online seminars and enabling activities. Since 2017 new books produced by the IHR and its partner, the University of London Press, have been freely available as open access from their first publication. Now, in response to the lockdown, the Institute is preparing a selection of its earlier print titles for reissue as open access. I was delighted to hear that European Religious Cultures was chosen to be such an offering, as part of the recently created ‘IHR Shorts’ series.