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Historiografía Del Sínodo De Diamper Hasta El Siglo XX

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Historiografía Del Sínodo De Diamper Hasta El Siglo XX Facultad de Teología Departamento de Sagrada Escritura e Historia de la Iglesia Historiografía del Sínodo de Diamper hasta el siglo XX La cuestión de la «verdadera identidad» de los cristianos de Malabar Por Xavier Sibi Valiathara Sebastian O.S.A. Directora: Profa. Dra. María Jesús Fernández Cordero Madrid Enero - 2018 UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS MADRID Licenciatura en la Historia de la Iglesia Historiografía del Sínodo de Diamper hasta el siglo XX La cuestión de la «verdadera identidad» de los cristianos de Malabar Por Xavier Sibi Valiathara Sebastian O.S.A. Visto bueno de la directora: Profa. Dra. María Jesús Fernández Cordero Madrid Enero - 2018 Agradezco… A Dios por darme la oportunidad de realizar este trabajo. A la Profa. Dra. Maria Jesús Fernandez Cordero, quien me ha dirigido esta disertación con mucha paciencia y profesionalidad. A mis profesores y compañeros de la Universidad Pontificia Comillas, por haber compartido conmigo un mundo de nuevos conocimientos. A los hermanos de la Orden de San Agustín, especialmente, P. Javier Antolín Sánchez O.S.A., Prior Provincial, Consejeros Provinciales, P. Shiju Varghese Kallarakkal O.S.A., Vicario Regional de la India. y hermanos agustinos de la comunidad de Móstoles, por haber confiado en mí a lo largo de estos últimos años. A Binu Yesudas O.S.A. y hermanos agustinos de la India, por haberme facilitado los libros. Y, finalmente, a todas aquellas personas que me animaron, especialmente, a mi familia por su cariño, comprensión y, paciencia. ÍNDICE GENERAL ÍNDICE GENERAL .......................................................................................................... i SIGLAS Y ABREVIATURAS ....................................................................................... iv INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL ........................................................................................ 1 (i). Explicación del título, objetivo, método y fuentes. ............................................. 2 (ii). Justificación de la división de los capítulos ........................................................ 4 CAPÍTULO I: LA RUTA HASTA EL SÍNODO DE DIAMPER ................................... 6 1. La situación anterior al Sínodo ............................................................................... 7 1.1. India y Occidente ........................................................................................... 7 1.2. Santo Tomás, el Apóstol viajero .................................................................... 9 1.2.1. Hechos de Tomás y tradiciones ................................................................ 10 1.2.2. Tradición del Sur ...................................................................................... 12 1.3. Tomás Cano.................................................................................................. 12 1.4. La iglesia Asiria del Oriente y Malabar ....................................................... 14 1.4.1. Seleucia - Ctesifonte ................................................................................. 16 1.4.2. Relación con Malabar ............................................................................... 17 1.5. Malabar - Kerala........................................................................................... 17 1.5.1. Viajeros extranjeros .................................................................................. 18 1.5.2. Los misioneros latinos en Malabar antes del siglo XVI ........................... 19 1.5.3. Portugueses en Malabar ............................................................................ 19 2. La ruta hacía el Sínodo de Diamper ..................................................................... 21 3. Conclusión ............................................................................................................ 27 CAPÍTULO II: LOS PROTAGONISTAS Y LOS DECRETOS DEL SÍNODO DE DIAMPER ...................................................................................................................... 28 1. Alejo de Meneses, arzobispo de Goa.................................................................... 28 2. Jorge de la Cruz, Arcediano de Malabar .............................................................. 31 3. Francisco Ros S. J. ................................................................................................ 33 4. Antonio de Gouvea O.S.A. ................................................................................... 34 5. Actas ..................................................................................................................... 35 5.1. Acción I: Objetivos del Sínodo .................................................................... 37 5.2. Acción II: Profesión de fe ............................................................................ 38 5.3. Acción III: Doctrina de la fe ........................................................................ 39 5.4. Acción IV: Sacramentos de Bautismo y Confirmación ............................... 43 i 5.5. Acción V: Sacramento de Eucaristía ............................................................ 46 5.6. Acción VI: Penitencia y Extremaunción ...................................................... 47 5.7. Acción VII: Sacramento de la Orden y del Matrimonio .............................. 49 5.8. Acción VIII: Reformas de los asuntos de la Iglesia ..................................... 50 5.9. Acción IX: Reformas de las costumbres ...................................................... 52 5.10. Clausura del Sínodo. .................................................................................... 53 6. Conclusión ............................................................................................................ 53 CAPÍTULO III: LA HISTORIOGRAFÍA DEL SÍNODO DE DIAMPER, SU VALIDEZ E IMPACTO EN LOS AUTORES HASTA EL SIGLO XX ......................................... 55 1. Historiografía hasta el siglo XIX .......................................................................... 56 1.1. Escritores latinos .......................................................................................... 56 1.1.1. Varias Cartas............................................................................................. 57 1.1.2. Frey Antonio de Gouvea .......................................................................... 59 1.1.3. Juan Facundo Raulín ................................................................................ 60 1.1.4. Paulino de san Bartolomeo ....................................................................... 61 1.2. Escritores protestantes y anglicanos ............................................................. 61 1.2.1. Michael Geddes ........................................................................................ 62 1.2.2. Mathurin Veyssière de La Croze .............................................................. 62 1.2.3. James Hough ............................................................................................ 63 1.2.4. John William Kaye ................................................................................... 64 1.2.5. Thomas Whitehouse ................................................................................. 64 1.3. Evaluación: estudios insuficientes ............................................................... 65 2. Historiografía del siglo XX .................................................................................. 66 2.1. Giuseppe Beltrami ........................................................................................ 66 2.2. Gregorio Magno Antão ................................................................................ 67 2.3. Jonas Thaliath ............................................................................................... 68 2.3.1. La actitud de Meneses antes del Sínodo ................................................... 69 2.3.2. El poder para convocar el Sínodo y dos breves ........................................ 72 2.3.2.1. El título: Metropolitano de India ....................................................... 73 2.3.2.2. Dos breves del Papa .......................................................................... 74 2.4. Carlos Alonso Vañes .................................................................................... 78 2.5. James John Koyikara .................................................................................... 80 2.6. Varios autores ............................................................................................... 82 3. Conclusión ............................................................................................................ 83 ii CAPÍTULO IV: LA TENSIÓN ENTRE LAS IDENTIDADES CRISTIANAS DE KERALA: BÚSQUEDA DEL ORIGEN DE LA ‘VERDADERA IDENTIDAD’ ....... 85 1. Las consecuencias después de Diamper: cismas y uniones .................................. 85 1.1. El primer cisma posterior al Sínodo ............................................................. 86 1.2. La influencia de los decretos de Diamper y Angamale en los años posteriores hasta el primer cisma ............................................................................................... 90 1.3. La iglesia católica Siro-Malabar .................................................................. 91 1.4. Las iglesias ortodoxa Siro-Malankara y católica Siro-Malankara ............... 92 2. La relación de las iglesias católicas Siro-Malabar y Siro-Malankara con el Sínodo de Diamper .................................................................................................................
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