DOCSLIB.ORG

Mode of Elections of Members of Senate May 2016

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

.ro!-*NAIE}::-l.:-tJl F--.-.--A r(.' Ho!!a o, tha Fod€nrtlon Report of the Committee of Whole "Mode of elections of Members of Senate" Senate of Pakistan (May-2016) Committee of Whole Introduction:- Mode of elections of Members' Senate of Pakistan has remained a debatable point. revolving around trvo areas; (l) Members of Senate shall be directly elected or otherwise? (2) Rigging and floor crossing in the electioneering process. Pursuant to the Senate Elections held in March 2015, the issue of rigging and floor crossing again came to the limelight which led to the debate regarding mode of elections of Members' Senate of Pakistan. The Upper House assumed its role and responsibility by taking up the issue on its own; the House Business Advisory Committee (HBAC) took up the matter and after discussing all aspects, it rvas decided that the matter may be brought before the House for discussion and making recommendations. Constitution of Committee of the Whole As per the decision of HBAC, the 'Mode of elections of the Members' Senate of Pakistan' was discussed in the House on 76 August, 2015. Members debated the issue and expressed views above party lines (Verbatim of debate in the House is ennexed as "A"). The House, after extensive debate felt the need to constitute a Committee of Whole on the matter, accordingly a motion was moved by the Leader of the House on 10s August, 2015 and Committee of the Whole was constituted to consider mode of elections of Members of Senate, pros and cons of single transferable voting system, altemates, poll reforms and other ancillary matters. Proceedings of Committee First meeting of Committee of the Whole was held on I le November, 2015, wherein nineteen Members shared their proposals and thoughts on the matter (verbatim of Committee proreeding is annexed as'B'). A gist of proposals/deliberations is as under:- l. Senator Farhatullah Babar: Secret ballot is basis of comrption in the Senate Elections . This menace can be curbed by making an appropriate amendment in Article 226, Constitution, 1973 to provide for 'open ballot'. Committee of Whole 3 Senator Raja MuhammallZafar ul Haq, Leader of the House: There shall be a mechanism to curb the furancial corruption; option of proportional representation, in line with various intemational models, can be examined. 3. Senator Ilyas Bilour: GeneraVdirect elections for Members of Senate; this can lead to equal powers, especially in respect of Money Bills, etc.. Independent candidates shall be debaned from contesting elections as they are main cause of frnancial com.rption. Padies shall allot tickets to genuine party workers only. 4. Molana Abdul Ghafoor Haidri, Deputy Chairman Senate: There has to be an effective strategy to control the usey'abuse of money involved in the electioneering process, the strategy shall focus upon that how can we stop financial influences? 5. Senator Muhammad Usman Khan Kakar: Members of Senate shall be directly elected by the public and their constituency shall be the provinces. It has many benefits e.g. if a political party is in majority in a Province, its strength will reflected in the results; it is an apprehension that some people try to use monetary influences to win support of MPAs, if all residents of the province will be entitled to vote then it will be very difficult to buy thousands ofvoters. Senator Taj Haider: Main point for decision is that we want elections on party basis or on individual basis? Prime Minister cannot be elected from Senate as Senators are indirectly elected; similarly Upper House is less represented in the Cabinet, same is the case with the powers of Senate, therefore, Members of Senate will have to be elected through direct elections. Provinces may be bifrrcated into single member constituencies arrd l/3d or % seats can be reserved to give representation to all schools of thought in the Senate. 7. Senrtor Mushahid Hussain Syed: opposed the direct elections to the Senate as Senate is the House of the Federation , it has a distinct identity, otherwise it will be faced with the same problems/issues as are/will be faced by the National Assembly; Senate will become a clone, a replica of National Assembly. There are many international examples wherein direct elections to Committee of Whole 4 Senate have resulted io'rich men's club 'as it is a very costly process. Issue of financial corruption in electing members of Senate is an issue which needs to be addressed. Furthermore, there is need to evolve a mechanism to give representation to Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Kashmir in Senate, may be status of observer or honorary Senators. 8. Senator Lt. General (R) Salahuddin Tirmizi: Direct elections will be very expensive; agreed with the proposal of Senator Farhatullah Babar that elections shall be made through open ballot. 9. Senator Mir Hasil Khan Bizenjo: Direction elections to the Senate may be held on the provincial base proportional representation, Election Commission may be empowered to probe into allocation of financial comrption in electing a Member of the Senate. Defection clause as provided in the Constitution may be amended to provide for financial influence/ cotruption in Election as a ground of disqualification. 10. Senator Mohsin Khan Leghari: Supported the single transferable vote system(STV) and secret ballot system. Provinces shall be represented in true letter and spirit, specially Federal Capital shall be represented through its original and actual residents. The Member also made reference to a Resolution passed by the Senate regarding election of Members Senate of Pakistan from Federal Capilal by the Local govemment representatives. (copy of Resolution is annexed as 'C") I l. Prof. Sajid Mir: not supported direct elections as it will amount to broaden basis for financial, comrption. We need to strengthen the existing system by curtailing the possibilities of abuse of money; this can be done either by continuing the existing system or by opting for proportional representation of parties i.e. on the basis of lists which shall be published and independent candidates shall be banned. l2.senator Syed Shibti Faraz: there can be many complications in direct election; need to strengthen the existing systern by rectirying the issues being faced in its effective implementation. Committee of Whole 5 13. Senetor Abdul Rehman Malik Members of Senate and indirectly elected by the provincial assemblies, same is the case with the Prime Minister, he is also indirectly elected by the Members of National Assembly. If we talk about direct elections, then prime Ministet and President will have to be elected through direct elections. Word 'indirect' is being wrongly used as a directly elected Member of Provincial Assembly elects its representative for the Upper House. There shall be amendments in the Constitution to the effect that independent members shall be debarred from contesting elections, frrtherrnore, Prime Minister can be from either House of the Parliament. 14. Senator Shahi Syed: supported existing system and stressed the need of effective role of Election Commission of Pakistan in curtailing/curbing the financial influences in the electioneering process. 15. Senator Saeedul Hassan Mandokhail: Secret balloting maybe abolished; independent candidates may be debarred from contesting elections for the Senate and name of MPA shall be printed on the ballot paper. l6.Senator Syed Muzafar Hussain Shah: Mode of election is secondary, need to ascertain/enhance powers of the Senate , a committee can be constitutiotr to seek view points of all political parties as general debate itself should not be enough. lT.Senator Hidayat Ullah: another Committee of the Whole for Senate powers may be constituted; supported the existing system of elections to the Senate, name of MPAs may be published on the ballot papers; right to contest elections cannot be denied to independent candidates. lS.Senator Javed Abbasi: supported the existing system; amendment in the Constitution to provide for that the Prime Minister can be from either House of the Parliament. l9.Senator Advocate Muhammad Daud Khan Achakzai : highlighted seat adjustrnens between the major political parties. Second Meeting of Committee of the Whole was held on l2e May, 2016. Wherein eighteen Members shared their proposals and thoughs on the matter (verbetim of Committee proceeding is ennexed rs "D'). Gist of proposals/deliberations is as under:- Committee of Whole 6 l. Senator Mohammad Azam Khan Swati: Senators should be elected directly by direct populous vote of people in their respective provinces: direct vote will take Senate to a higher recognized institutional pedestal and it will be easy for Senate to fight its second phase of getting its glory and power. (The Hon'ble Member elso submitted proposals in writing which are annexed as "E") Senator Sardar Azam Khan Musakhel: Powers of Senate be enhanced through direct elections. Senator Ch. Tanvir: Direct elections will open a new Pandora box; true representation of Provinces shall be ensured, candidates shall be actual residents ofthe province they are representing; technocrats shall fully fulfil the criteria; Senate shall be given role in the budget; there has to be a mechanism wherein Members representing their areas shall be given opportunity to raise issues and same shall not be debarred on the pretext of being 'provincial issues', hence not admissible. Senator Abdul Qayyum: Existing system of electioneering shall continue, however, rigging in the forms of financial comrption and floor crossing shall be strictly dealt with; political parties shall adhere to the norms of democracy within the party setup and specially for allocation oftickets. Senator Mir Kabir: Direct elections will result in exuberant increase in finance involved in the election process. giving example of General Elections in his province, the hon'ble Senator shared that only such people who can spend money can contest elections; existing system is.
Recommended publications
  • Senate of Pakistan.CDR

    Senate of Pakistan.CDR

    Role, Functions & Procedures SENATE OF PAKISTAN A Publication of the Senate Secretariat Parliament House Islamabad First Published :2003 Second Edition :2006 Third Edition : 2009 Fourth Edition : 2012 This document has been published with the assistance of SDPD, the Parliamentary Development Program of UNDP. CONTENTS Preface to the Fourth Edition i Parliamentary Terms iii Chapter I INTRODUCTION 01 Chapter II HOUSE AND ITS MEMBERSHIP 07 Chapter III HOUSE PROCEDURE 13 Chapter IV LEGISLATION 19 Chapter V COMMITTEES 39 Chapter VI AMENITIES TO MEMBERS 45 Chapter VII LIBRARY, RESEARCH AND AUTOMATION 51 Chapter VIII THE SECRETARIAT 57 Chapter IX PARLIAMENT BUILDING AND FACILITIES 69 Chapter X INTER PARLIAMENTARY RELATIONS 77 Chapter XI PRESS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS 87 APPENDICES I Parliamentary Customs 93 II Excerpts from the Constitution 97 III Constitutional History of Pakistan 120 IV Heads of State, Government and Legislatures 128 V Federal and Concurrent Legislative Lists Constitution of Pakistan Fourth Schedule 136 VI The Members of Pakistan (Salaries and Allowance) Act, 1974 144 PREFACE The manual, containing information about the relevant Constitutional Provisions, Rules of Procedure and various Statues as well as an overview of structure and functions of the Senate Secretariat has proved to be useful document for understanding the working of the Senate. The utility of manual has increased manifold due to sizeable increase in the total membership of Senate including seventeen reserved seat of lady senators, especially when half of the total membership is elected afresh after every three years. The primary objective of the manual is to compile frequently used parliamentary terms and related information in one document for the benefit of present and new members of the Senate.
  • Trusteeship Council

    Trusteeship Council

    UNITED NAriONS Distr. TRUSTEESHIP GENERAL __.-T/PV .1526 COUNCIL , 21 May 1982 ENGLISH Forty-ninth Session VERBATIM RECORD OF THE FIFTEEN HUNDRED AND ThTENTY -SIXTH MEETTJIJG Held at Headquarters, New York 5 on t{ednesday, 19 May 1982, at 3 p.m. President: Mr. POUDADE (France) Examination of the annual report of the Administering Authority for the year ended 30 September 1981: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (continued) Examination of petitions listed in the annex to the agenda (continued) This record is subject to correction. Corrections should be submitted in one of the working languages, preferably in the same language as the text to which they refer. They should be set forth in a memorandum and also, if possible, incorporated in a copy of the record. They should be sent, within one week of the date of this document, to the Chief, Official Records Editing Section, Department of Conference Services, room A-3550, 866 United Nations Plaza. Any corrections to the records of the meetings of this session will be consolidated in a single corrigendum, to be issued shortly after the end of the session. 82-60553 5/P~ RH/2/pt T/PV.l526 '2-5 The meeting ·uas called to order at 3.20 p.m. EX.ANINATIOIT OF THE ANNU.f'.L REPORT OF THE AmHJIJISTERING .1\UTHOC::ITY Ti'QT\ THE YF..I\R ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 1981: TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIJi'IC'lSLANDS (T/L.l228 and Add.l-3) (continued) EXM1INATIOJT OF PETITIONS LISTED IN THE ANNEX TO THE f·.GENDA (T/1830/fl.d.d.l) (continued) The PRESIDEnT (interpretation frcm French)~ First I Fould refer to document T/PET.l0/193, containinp a letter in vrhich Hr.
  • Côte D'ivoire

    Côte D'ivoire

    CÔTE D’IVOIRE COI Compilation August 2017 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Regional Representation for West Africa - RSD Unit UNHCR Côte d’Ivoire UNHCR Regional Representation for West Africa - RSD Unit UNHCR Côte d’Ivoire Côte d’Ivoire COI Compilation August 2017 This report collates country of origin information (COI) on Côte d’Ivoire up to 15 August 2017 on issues of relevance in refugee status determination for Ivorian nationals. The report is based on publicly available information, studies and commentaries. It is illustrative, but is neither exhaustive of information available in the public domain nor intended to be a general report on human-rights conditions. The report is not conclusive as to the merits of any individual refugee claim. All sources are cited and fully referenced. Users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. UNHCR Regional Representation for West Africa Immeuble FAALO Almadies, Route du King Fahd Palace Dakar, Senegal - BP 3125 Phone: +221 33 867 62 07 Kora.unhcr.org - www.unhcr.org Table of Contents List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 4 1 General Information ....................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Historical background ............................................................................................
  • Congressional Record—Senate S8015

    Congressional Record—Senate S8015

    January 1, 2021 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8015 Whereas, in February 2019, the Department (B) guarantee unfettered humanitarian ac- (C) support credible efforts to address the of State announced that it would withhold cess and assistance to the Northwest and root causes of the conflict and to achieve some security assistance to Cameroon, in- Southwest regions; sustainable peace and reconciliation, pos- cluding equipment and training, citing cred- (C) exercise restraint and ensure that po- sibly involving an independent mediator, and ible allegations of human rights violations litical protests are peaceful; and efforts to aid the economic recovery of and by state security forces and a lack of inves- (D) establish a credible process for an in- fight coronavirus in the Northwest and tigation, accountability, and transparency clusive dialogue that includes all relevant Southwest regions; by the Government of Cameroon in response; stakeholders, including from civil society, to (D) support humanitarian and development Whereas, on December 26, 2019, the United achieve a sustainable political solution that programming, including to meet immediate States terminated the designation of Cam- respects the rights and freedoms of all of the needs, advance nonviolent conflict resolu- eroon as a beneficiary under the African people of Cameroon; tion and reconciliation, promote economic Growth and Opportunity Act (19 U.S.C. 3701 (3) affirms that the United States Govern- recovery and development, support primary et seq.) because ‘‘the Government of
  • Toolkit: Citizen Participation in the Legislative Process

    Toolkit: Citizen Participation in the Legislative Process

    This publication was made possible with financial support from the Government of Canada. About ParlAmericas ParlAmericas is the institution that promotes PARLIAMENTARY DIPLOMACY in the INTER-AMERICAN system ParlAmericas is composed of the 35 NATIONAL LEGISLATURES from North, Central and South America and the Caribbean ParlAmericas facilitates the exchange of parliamentary BEST PRACTICES and promotes COOPERATIVE POLITICAL DIALOGUE ParlAmericas mainstreams GENDER EQUALITY by advocating for women’s political empowerment and the application of a gender lens in legislative work ParlAmericas fosters OPEN PARLIAMENTS by advancing the principles of transparency, accountability, citizen participation, ethics and probity ParlAmericas promotes policies and legislative measures to mitigate and adapt to the effects ofCLIMATE CHANGE ParlAmericas works towards strengthening democracy and governance by accompanying ELECTORAL PROCESSES ParlAmericas is headquartered in OTTAWA, CANADA Table of Contents Toolkit Co-creation Plan 6 Contributors 8 Introduction 9 Objective 9 Using this Toolkit 9 Defining Citizen Participation 10 Importance of Citizen Participation 10 Participation Ladder 11 Overview of Citizen Participation in the Legislative Process 12 Developing a Citizen Participation Strategy 15 Principles of Citizen Participation 16 Resources to Support Citizen Participation 17 Educating Citizens and Promoting Participation 18 Awareness Raising Programs and Campaigns 18 Citizen Participation Offices and Communications Departments 19 Parliamentary Websites
  • A/HRC/38/25 General Assembly

    A/HRC/38/25 General Assembly

    United Nations A/HRC/38/25 General Assembly Distr.: General 17 May 2018 Original: English Human Rights Council Thirty-eighth session 18 June–6 July 2018 Agenda items 2 and 5 Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General Human rights bodies and mechanisms Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its universal periodic review Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights* Summary The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 35/29, in which the Council requested the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to prepare a study, in close cooperation with the Inter-Parliamentary Union and in consultation with States, United Nations agencies and other relevant stakeholders, on how to promote and enhance synergies between parliaments and the work of the Human Rights Council and its universal periodic review, and to present it to the Council at its thirty-eighth session, in order to provide States and other relevant stakeholders with elements that could serve as orientation to strengthen their interaction towards the effective promotion and protection of human rights. The present report focuses on the role of parliaments in the field of human rights and contains an analysis of responses to a questionnaire for parliaments sent by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to Member States, United Nations agencies and other stakeholders through a note verbale dated 16 November 2017, pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 35/29.
  • An Analysis of Bicameralism As a Viable Legislative

    An Analysis of Bicameralism As a Viable Legislative

    AN ANALYSIS OF BICAMERALISM AS A VIABLE LEGISLATIVE SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN Aminah Gilani Abstract: As a common perception, bicameralism is considered mandatory asset to Federal form of government, while contrary to this perception, the data from April 2014 shows that approximately 41.5% of legislatures around the world practice bicameral legislatures, whereas in Europe alone 64.58% have been noted as unicameral legislatures. In this paper, the researcher reviews and analyzes many of the arguments made on behalf of bicameralism using the data accessible through secondary sources. In, Pakistan bicameralism has become a traditional practice endorsed and legitimized by the constitution of 1973, however, the evolutionary forces of political compulsions require a more experimental approach towards legislative practices in Pakistan. The theoretical model provided by Path-Dependency facilitates this research in understanding the dynamics that obstructs the way of deviation from traditional approach and legislative efficiency in Pakistan. This study is aimed at provoking a debate on more diverse and solution-based ideas towards governance in Pakistan, concluding that it is not the structure of a legislature that decides the prosperity of a state but its efficiency. Keywords: Bicameralism, Upper house, Parliament, Election, National Assembly, Federalism Introduction Senate- usually referred to as the upper house of the legislature is widely regarded as the fundamental pillar of the modern democratic political system. It is also the permanent house; therefore it maintains the continuity of the political process of the state. It is proclaimed as thesymbol of harmony and unanimity, because it is formed on the basis of uniform representation from the respective federating units in the state.
  • Constitutional & Parliamentary Information

    Constitutional & Parliamentary Information

    UNION INTERPARLEMENTAIRE INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION CCoonnssttiittuuttiioonnaall && PPaarrlliiaammeennttaarryy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn Half-yearly Review of the Association of Secretaries General of Parliaments Preparations in Parliament for Climate Change Conference 22 in Marrakech (Abdelouahed KHOUJA, Morocco) National Assembly organizations for legislative support and strengthening the expertise of their staff members (WOO Yoon-keun, Republic of Korea) The role of Parliamentary Committee on Government Assurances in making the executive accountable (Shumsher SHERIFF, India) The role of the House Steering Committee in managing the Order of Business in sittings of the Indonesian House of Representatives (Dr Winantuningtyastiti SWASANANY, Indonesia) Constitutional reform and Parliament in Algeria (Bachir SLIMANI, Algeria) The 2016 impeachment of the Brazilian President (Luiz Fernando BANDEIRA DE MELLO, Brazil) Supporting an inclusive Parliament (Eric JANSE, Canada) The role of Parliament in international negotiations (General debate) The Lok Sabha secretariat and its journey towards a paperless office (Anoop MISHRA, India) The experience of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies on Open Parliament (Antonio CARVALHO E SILVA NETO) Web TV – improving the score on Parliamentary transparency (José Manuel ARAÚJO, Portugal) Deepening democracy through public participation: an overview of the South African Parliament’s public participation model (Gengezi MGIDLANA, South Africa) The failed coup attempt in Turkey on 15 July 2016 (Mehmet Ali KUMBUZOGLU)
  • HIPCAR Assessment Report

    HIPCAR Assessment Report

    Establishment of Harmonized Policies for the ICT Market in the ACP countries Access to Public Information (Freedom of Information): Assessment Report Harmonization of ICT Policies, Legislation and Regulatory HIPCAR Procedures in the Caribbean International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva E-mail: [email protected] www.itu.int/ITU-D/projects/ITU_EC_ACP/ CARICOM Geneva, 2013 Establishment of Harmonized Policies for the ICT Market in the ACP Countries Access to Public Information (Freedom of Information): Assessment Report Harmonization of ICT Policies, Legislation and Regulatory HIPCAR Procedures in the Caribbean HIPCAR – Access to Public Information (FOI) Disclaimer This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. The designations employed and the presentation of material, including maps, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ITU concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ITU in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. This report has not been through editorial revision. Please consider the environment before printing this report. ITU 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. HIPCAR – Access to Public Information (FOI) Foreword Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are shaping the process of globalisation.
  • Monitoring the Sdgs Through the National Budget from the Senate of Paraguay

    Monitoring the Sdgs Through the National Budget from the Senate of Paraguay

    Monitoring the SDGs through the National Budget from the Senate of Paraguay Accelerating Progress on Agenda 2030: Good Practices for Parliamentary Action parlamericas #ParlAmericasSDG congreso #ParlAmericas2019 #ParlAmericasSDG #ParlAmericas2019 #ParlAmericasSDG #ParlAmericas2019 NATIONAL CONGRESS BICAMERAL COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET LINK BETWEEN THE NATIONAL BUDGET AND THE SDGs DESCRIPTION AMOUNT IN GS AMOUNT IN USD Total Objetivo 1 - FIN DE LA POBREZA 7.642.806.527.928 1.329.414.947 Total Objetivo 2 - HAMBRE CERO 1.842.323.207.059 320.459.768 Total Objetivo 3 - SALUD Y BIENESTAR 12.377.107.540.024 2.152.914.862 Total Objetivo 4 – EDUCACIÓN DE CALIDAD 7.706.772.614.812 1.340.541.418 Total Objetivo 5 - IGUALDAD DE GÉNERO 2.236.423.607.462 389.010.890 Total Objetivo 6 - AGUA LIMPIA Y SANEAMIENTO 377.535.694.744 65.669.803 Total Objetivo 7 - ENERGÍA ASEGURABLE Y NO CONTAMINANTE 6.582.876.577.142 1.145.047.239 Total Objetivo 8 - TRABAJO DECENTE Y CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO 8.639.647.627.108 1.502.808.771 Total Objetivo 9 – INDUSTRIA, INNOVACIÓN E INFRAESTRUCTURA 5.456.099.835.858 949.051.980 Total Objetivo 10 - REDUCCIÓN DE LAS DESIGUALDADES 5.407.727.527.792 940.637.942 Total Objetivo 11 – CIUDADES Y COMUNIDADES SOSTENIBLES 814.883.010.653 141.743.435 Total Objetivo 12 - PRODUCCIÓN Y CONSUMO RESPONSABLES 5.159.705.218.273 897.496.124 Total Objetivo 13 - ACCIÓN POR EL CLIMA 111.608.919.189 19.413.623 Total Objetivo 14 - VIDA SUBMARINA (NO APLICA) 0 0 Total Objetivo 15 - VIDA DE ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES 55.160.460.359 9.594.792 Total Objetivo 16 - PAZ, JUSTICIA E INSTITUCIONES SÓLIDAS 11.404.158.096.385 1.983.676.830 Total Objetivo 17 - ALIANZAS PARA LOGRAR LOS OBJETIVOS 4.257.012.497.572 740.478.778 TOTAL 80.071.848.962.361 13.927.961.204 As of 2018 the General Directorate of Oversight of Public Management 1.
  • Constitutional Adjudication by Parliaments: Experiences Across Time and Space

    Constitutional Adjudication by Parliaments: Experiences Across Time and Space

    Constitutional Adjudication by Parliaments: Experiences across Time and Space By: Belachew G. Degefie LLM SHORT THESIS COURSE: French Constitutional Law and its Influence Abroad PROFESSOR: Mathias Moschel CEU eTD Collection Central European University 1051 Budapest, Nador utca 9. Hungary © Central European University April 7, 2017 Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... ii List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... iii Introduction ............................................................................................................................. iv Chapter One .............................................................................................................................. 1 Constitutional Adjudication: Theoretical Basis .................................................................... 1 1.1. The ‘Why’ of Constitutional Interpretation ............................................................... 1 1.2. Models of Constitutional Interpretation ...................................................................... 4 1.2.1. Decentralized Model ................................................................................................ 5 1.2.2. Centralized Model ................................................................................................... 7 1.3. Constitutional Adjudication by (Non-)
  • Report of the United Nations Visiting Mission to Palau, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 1992

    Report of the United Nations Visiting Mission to Palau, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 1992

    T/1964 ' ' ~ . REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS VISITING MISSION TO PALAU, TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS, 1992 TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL OFFICIAL RECORDS: FIFIY-NINTH SESSION (May-June 1992) SUPPLEMENT No. 1 ~ UNITED NATIONS T/1964 REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS VISITING MISSION TO PALAU, TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS, 1992 TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL OffiCIAL RECORDS: FlFTY-NINTH SESSION (May-June 1992) SUPPLEMENT No. 1 UNITED NATIONS New '\brk, 1992 NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are comp(lscd of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. T/1964 [Original: English] CONTENTS Chapter Paragraphs Letter of transmittal ............................................ iv I . GENERAL ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 - 7 1 I I • INTRODUCTION •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 - 32 3 III. DETAILED OBSERVATIONS ON THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL ADVANCEMENT OF PALAU ••••••••• 33 - 91 7 IV. SPECIAL ISSUES ••••••••••••••.•••.••••••••.•••••••••• 92 - 100 23 V. DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION ON THE UNITED NATIONS •• 101 - 104 26 VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ••••••••••••••••••••• 105 - 131 27 VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 132 - 136 33 Annexes I. ITINERARY OF THE VISITING MISSION •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36 II • STATEMENT BY H. E. MR. THOMAS L. RI CHARDS ON, CHAIRMAN OF THE VISITING MISSION, ON 26 MARCH 1992 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39 III. WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED BY THE VISITING MISSION •••••••••• 41 Map. PALAU, TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS •••••••••••••••••••• 42 -Hi- LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 20 May 1992 Sir, I have the honour to transmit to you herewith, in accordance with Trusteeship Council resolution 2194 (S-XXI) of 19 December 1991 and rule 98 of the rules of procedure of the Council, the report of the United Nations Visiting Mission to Palau, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 1992.