Geothermal Resources of Romania
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Geothermal Resources of Romania Marcel G. Roșca University of Oradea, Romania Faculty of Energy Engineering and Industrial Management Energy Engineering Department [email protected] 1. Introduction 2. Hydrothermal resources 3. Potential EGS locations GEOELEC Workshop 4. Concluding remarks Athens 20.12.2011 1/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania IntroductionIntroduction Geothermal water already used in Romania during the Roman Empire time First well drilled in late 19th Century Exploration drilling started in the 1960’s Exploration wells completed as producers Total: 250 wells 450 MWth Used at present: 80 wells 180 MWth Temperature: 40 – 120°C Annual production: 1,235 TJ GEOELEC Average load factor: 22% (for wells in use!) Workshop Athens 20.12.2011 7 new wells drilled during 2005 - 2010 2/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania IntroductionIntroduction Main uses of geothermal energy GEOELEC Workshop Athens 20.12.2011 3/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania HydrothermalHydrothermal ResourcesResources Temperature at 2 km depth GEOELEC Workshop Athens 20.12.2011 4/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania HydrothermalHydrothermal ResourcesResources GEOELEC Workshop Athens 20.12.2011 5/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania HydrothermalHydrothermal ResourcesResources UCRAINE MOLDAVIA HUNGARY SATU-MARE CHIŞINĂU Acas IAŞI Sacuieni Marghita Bors CLUJ- Salonta ORADEA Beius NAPOCA Ciumeghiu Cighid Macea Curtici R O M A N I A ARAD GALAŢI Nadlac Geoagiu BRAŞOV Sannicolau Mare Tomnatic Lovrin Cozia- Jimbolia BRĂILA TIMIŞOARA Căciulata PLOIEŞTI BLACK Herculane Otopeni CONSTANŢA SEA CRAIOVA BUCHAREST Mangalia GEOELEC SERBIA Workshop Athens BULGARIA 20.12.2011 6/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania UCRAINE HydrothermalHydrothermal ResourcesResources MOLDAVIA HUNGARY SATU-MARE N. Pannonian Western Romania Oradea-Bors Beius R O M A N I A S. Pannonian Pannonian aquifer Olt Valey ◦ 2500 km² TIMIŞOARA PLOIEŞTI BLACK ◦ basement Neocene sandstone CONSTANŢA SEA ◦ 800 – 2400 m depth SERBIA BUCHAREST ◦ 50-85°C BULGARIA ◦ TDS 4-5 g/l, carbonate scale, CH 4 Oradea reservoir (310 l/s recharge) Beius reservoir ◦ 75 km² 47 km² ◦ Triassic limestone & dolomites Triassic calcite & dolomite ◦ 2200 – 3200 m depth 1870 – 2370 m depth ◦ 70-105°C 84°C ◦ TDS 0.9-1.2 g/l TDS 0.5 g/l, CO , H S traces 2 2 Bors confined reservoir Depth: 2.5 – 3 km ◦ 12 km² ◦ Triassic limestone & dolomites Ciumeghiu reservoir ◦ 2500 m depth 5 MWth potential ◦ >120°C gritstone GEOELEC Workshop ◦ TDS 13 g/l 2200 m depth Athens ◦ 5 Nm³/m³ gas content (70% CO2, 30% CH4) 105°C 20.12.2011 ◦ very high scaling potential TDS 5-6 g/l, 3 Nm³/m³ CH4 7/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania HydrothermalHydrothermal ResourcesResources GEOELEC Workshop Athens 20.12.2011 8/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania HydrothermalHydrothermal ResourcesResources GEOELEC Workshop Athens 20.12.2011 9/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania HydrothermalHydrothermal ResourcesResources GEOELEC Workshop Athens 20.12.2011 10/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania HydrothermalHydrothermal ResourcesResources South & central Romania UCRAINE MOLDAVIA Cozia-Calimanesti reservoir HUNGARY SATU-MARE ◦ 28 km² N. Pannonian Oradea-Bors ◦ Senonian siltstones Beius ◦ 2700 – 3250 m depth R O M A N I A S. Pannonian ◦ 70-95°C Olt Valey TIMIŞOARA PLOIEŞTI ◦ TDS 15.7 g/l BLACK CONSTANŢA SEA ◦ 1-2 Nm³/m³ CH SERBIA BUCHAREST 4 BULGARIA Otopeni reservoir (North Bucharest) ◦ 300 km² ◦ Limestone & dolomites ◦ 2000 – 3200 m depth ◦ 58-84°C GEOELEC ◦ TDS 1.5-2.2 g/l Workshop Athens ◦ 30 ppm H S 2 20.12.2011 11/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania PotentialPotential EGSEGS LocationsLocations GEOELEC Workshop Athens 20.12.2011 By Dr. Eng. Serban Veliciu, 2007 12/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania PotentialPotential EGSEGS LocationsLocations LEGEND Wells with thermal logs Geo‐isotherm at 3 km depth Areas with temperature exceeding 140°C at 3 km depth GEOELEC Workshop Athens 20.12.2011 By Dr. Eng. Serban Veliciu, 2007 13/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania ConcludingConcluding RemarksRemarks Electric energy sales: ◦ TRANSELECTRICA has to buy all green power; ◦ “Price for the next day” fixed by the Romanian Authority for Energy Regulation (ANRE); ◦ Green certificates (2 certificates for each MWh) can be sold on the free or regulated market (exchange). Thermal energy sales: ◦ For a private companies, price fixed by the contract (can be negotiated); ◦ For public companies, price has to be approved by the ANRE; ◦ For population (district heating – public utility), the price has to be approved by the Local Council, the ANRE, and also by the GEOELEC Workshop National Agency for Local Administration Regulation. Athens 20.12.2011 14/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania ConcludingConcluding RemarksRemarks Romania is rich in proven geothermal resources of up to 120°C temperature, defined by 250 production wells. Reliable information on the resources and reasonable technical expertise are locally available in Romania (more than 40 years experience). Current legal framework provides incentives to investments for geothermal energy utilization, but it is rather complicated. A rather small part of the geothermal potential of Romania is used, mainly for district heating, greenhouse heating and spas. Further geothermal development is technically and economically feasible in Romania (mainly for existing wells), even more at present, with the New Green Certificates Law in force, the “Green House” program extended to private persons, and new programs financial support programs for large scale renewable GEOELEC Workshop Athens energy systems, geothermal being specifically mentioned. 20.12.2011 15/16 Geothermal Resources of Romania Thank you for your attention!! GEOELEC Workshop Athens 20.12.2011 16/16.