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Architectural Inscriptions and the University Library Building

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Architectural Inscriptions and the University Library Building PRO LIBRIS: ARCHITECTURAL INSCRIPTIONS AND THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BUILDING A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION BY COURTNEY WIMBERLY THEIS CHAIR: EDWARD T. WOLNER BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA MAY 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my thesis committee members, Ted Wolner, Carol Flores and, Ron Rarick for your sound advice and encouragement throughout the course of this research. A special thanks to Carol Flores for first introducing me to the topic of architectural inscriptions. Never again will I enter a building without glancing around for lines of text. I am indebted to the the staff at Ball State University Library as well as the archival staff at Yale University, Columbia University, the University of Chicago, the University of Washington, the University of Virginia, the University of Michigan, Indiana University, Harvard University, and Northwestern University, for all their help in locating research material. I would also like to thank my colleagues and family for their encouragement and support throughout this process. A special thanks is owed to my husband, Geoff, for all that he has done throughout my graduate school career. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... i List of Illustrations ..................................................................................................................... iv Methodology ................................................................................................................................................................................xii Literature Review .......................................................................................................................................................................xiv Chapter I: Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter II: Architectural Inscriptions and Morality, 1890-1930 .................................................................... 6 Chapter III: Trends in Library Building ....................................................................................................................... 15 The Influence of the Public Library .............................................................................. 17 Boston Public Library, Library of Congress, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, Indianapolis Public Library, San Francisco Public Library Changes in Academia ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Chapter IV: Inscriptions of Beaux Arts University Libraries ........................................................................... 41 Low Library at Columbia University, Rotunda of the University of Virginia, Langdell Law School and Library at Harvard University, Butler Library at Columbia University, Clements Library at the University of Michigan Chapter V: Inscriptions of Neo-Gothic University Libraries...................................................... 73 Harper Memorial Library at the University of Chicago, Suzzallo Library at the University of Washington, Sterling Memorial Library at Yale University, Deering Memorial Library at Northwestern University, Franklin Hall at Indiana University Chapter VI: Influence of the Modern Movement and the Resurgence of Contemporary Library Inscriptions ................................................................................................................................................. 99 Firestone Library at Princeton University, Indianapolis Public library addition, John Carter Brown Library addition, University of Rhode Island Library. Chapter VII: Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................109 Appendix I: Inscriptions on the Library of Congress .............................................................................................112 Appendix II: Inscriptions on the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh ....................................................................121 ii Appendix III: Andrew Carnegie’s Letter about Inscriptions on the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh ................................................................................................................. 122 Appendix IV: Inscriptions on the Indianapolis Public Library ................................................... 123 Appendix V: Inscriptions on the San Francisco Public Library ......................................................................124 Appendix VI: President Seth Low’s Proposed Inscriptions for Low Library ............................. 126 Appendix VII: George Rives’ Notes on Low Library Inscriptions ...............................................................128 Appendix VIII: List of Inscriptions in Low Library’s Architecture Reading Room ...........................131 Appendix IX: Inscriptions on Butler Library .............................................................................................................132 Appendix X: Letter from James Gamble Rogers to President Nicholas Butler ......................................133 Appendix XI: Inscriptions on Harper Memorial Library ....................................................................................134 Appendix XII: Inscriptions on Suzzallo Memorial Library ...............................................................................136 Appendix XIII: Inscriptions on Sterling Memorial Library...............................................................................137 Appendix XIV: Inscriptions on Deering Memorial Library ..............................................................................142 Appendix XV: Inscriptions on the University of Rhode Island Library .....................................................143 Bibliography..................................................................................................................................................................................145 iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES Except where noted, all photographs were taken by the author. CHAPTER II Figure 1: Étienne-Louis Boulleé, Palais National, Paris, 1792. Drawing from Richard A.Etlin, Symbolic Space (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994): 16. Figure 2: Étienne-Louis Boulleé, Project for a Public Library, 1785. Drawing from Richard A.Etlin, Symbolic Space (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994): 22. Figure 3: Claude Nicolas Ledoux, River Inspector’s House for the Ideal City of Chaux, 1804. Drawing from Richard A. Etlin, Symbolic Space (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994): 111. Figure 4: Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Pacifère for the Ideal City of Chaux,1804. Drawing from Richard A. Etlin, Symbolic Space (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994): 113. Figure 5: Daniel Burnham, Union Station, Washington D.C., 1907. Figure 6: Bertram Goodhue, Nebraska State Capitol Building, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1922- 32. Figure 7: Eliel Saarinen, Cranbrook, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, 1927, Marquis Arch. Photograph from Kathryn Bishop Eckhart, Cranbrook: The Campus Guide (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2001): 86. CHAPTER III Figure 8: Charles Follen McKim, Boston Public Library,1895, south elevation. Figure 9: Charles Follen McKim, Boston Public Library, 1895, detail of frieze and tablets on south elevation. iv Figure 10: Charles Follen McKim, Boston Public Library, 1895, detail of inscribed tablets on south elevation. Figure 11: Henri Labrouste, Bibliothèque Ste. Geneviève, Paris, 1842-50, inscribed tablets. Drawing from Arthur Drexler, ed. The Architecture of the Ecole Des Beaux Arts (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1977): 339. Figure 12: Charles Follen McKim, Boston Public Library, 1895, entrance vestibule groin vaults. Figure 13: Charles Follen McKim, Boston Public Library, 1895, reading room. Figure 14: John L. Smithmeyer, Library of Congress, Washington D.C., 1897. Figure 15: John L. Smithmeyer, Library of Congress, 1888-1897, exterior bust and inscription, “Dante.” Photograph from John Young Cole. On these walls: inscriptions and quotations in the buildings of the Library of Congress. Washington D.C.: Library of Congress, 1995. (http://www.loc.gov/loc/walls/). Figure 16: John L. Smithmeyer, Library of Congress, 1888-1897, entrance groin vaults, “Bacon.” Photograph from John Young Cole. On these walls: inscriptions and quotations in the buildings of the Library of Congress. Washington D.C.: Library of Congress, 1995. (http://www.loc.gov/loc/walls/). Figure 17: John L. Smithmeyer, Library of Congress, 1888-1897, Great Hall, John Keats quotation. Photograph from John Young Cole. On these walls: inscriptions and quotations in the buildings of the Library of Congress. Washington D.C.: Library of Congress, 1995. (http://www.loc.gov/loc/walls/). Figure 18: Penn Varney, Free Public Library, Schenectady, New York, 1903. Drawing from Abigail Van Slyck, Free to All, Carnegie Libraries & American Culture 1890-1920 (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995): 32. Figure 19: Longfellow, Alden and Harlow, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1895/1907, west elevation. Figure 20: Longfellow, Alden and Harlow, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh,
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