HumanIT Jakob Svensson and Gudrun Wicander (eds.) Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on M4D Mobile Communication Technology for Development M4D 2010 10-11 November 2010 Kampala, Uganda Karlstad University Studies 2010:31 Jakob Svensson and Gudrun Wicander (eds.) Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on M4D Mobile Communication Technology for Development M4D 2010 10-11 November 2010 Kampala, Uganda Karlstad University Studies 2010:31 Jakob Svensson and Gudrun Wicander (eds.) Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on M4D Mobile Communication Technology for Development (M4D 2010), 10-11 November 2010 Kampala, Uganda Research report Karlstad University Studies 2010:31 ISSN 1403-8099 ISBN 978-91-7063-323-2 © The authors Distribution: Karlstad University Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT Centre for HumanIT 651 88 Karlstad Sweden +46 54 700 10 00 www.kau.se http://www.kau.se/humanit Electronic version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6480 Printed at: Universitetstryckeriet, Karlstad 2010 Second print with minor changes. Foreword When the 1st conference on Mobile Communication Technology for Development (M4D) was held in Karlstad, Sweden, in 2008 we wished to create an event to support research practice and development in the M4D area by encouraging academic discourse as well as disseminating practitioners’ experiences. In the aftermath of the event that gathered participants from all over the world we realised that researchers and practitioners within the area of M4D had been waiting for a conference to convene, discuss and exchange ideas and knowledge. It could have stopped in Karlstad, but we wished to make M4D a regular event in the academic calendar. So it was with determination that we announced early 2010 that we were planning for a second conference, taking place less than two years from the inaugural event. In order to counteract a Western bias, this time we wanted to host the event in Africa together with a local partner. With the guidance of Johan Hellström, a researcher at Stockholm University and member of the IPID network, we found an excellent partner in Makerere University, Faculty of Computing & Informatics Technology, one of the main training, research and consultancy centre in mobile technology in sub-Saharan Africa. We would like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. Jude Lubega, Dr. Idris Rai, Michael Niyitegeka and Ali Ndiwalana, for their efforts and determination in making M4D2010 happen. Many meetings, discussions, e-mails and phone calls later it is a reality, the 2nd International Conference on M4D, in Kampala, capital of Uganda. It is our profound pleasure to introduce these conference proceedings with over 40 contributions from more than 15 different nations. This years conference contributions covers a wide field of mobile technology uses, from mHealth to mAgriculture, from mCommerce and mGovernance to mLearning and Best Practices. The papers encompass aspects from ICT developments in sub-Saharan Africa to mobile telephony in Latin America, from oral telemedicine in Botswana to privacy issues in Bangladesh, from mobile Internet pricing in rural India to mobile money use in Uganda. These few examples from the rich diversity of papers in this volume bear witness to the prominence and importance of mobile technology for development. On behalf of the organising committee we would like to express our sincere thanks to all the paper, poster and demo presenters, who in this volume share their works and ideas with all of us. We would also like to express our gratitude to all the reviewers who have dedicated parts of their summer vacations to thoroughly read and comment papers. We especially thank the keynote presenters, Richard Duncombe from the University of Manchester and Ken Banks, the founder of kiwanja.net and creator of FrontlineSMS, for accepting our invitation. We are also happy to announce contributions from several sponsors and partners: Faculty of Computing & Informatics Technology at Makerere University for ground assistance in Kampala and reception; IPID and HumanIT for travel grants supporting scholars and research students attending the conference; KLM for sponsoring air fares; SPIDER, SIDA and UNICEF for organisational assistance and supporting events; the Conference Unit at Karlstad University for managing the registration and payments. A special thanks goes to Robin Larsson for website design and management and Maggie Mburu for proofreading, co-editing and management. We want to thank all of you who have contributed to M4D2010 and we would also like to take this opportunity to announce our intention to invite you in 2012 to another place but with the same amplitude, focus and determination! Jakob Svensson Gudrun Wicander Editor and Reviewing Chair Editor and General Chair M4D 2010 Conference Organization Conference Committee M4D 2010 General Chair: Gudrun Wicander Karlstad University/IPID/HumanIT Local Organising Chair: Johan Hellström Stockholm University/IPID Reviewing Chair: Jakob Svensson Karlstad University/ HumanIT Co-chair: Jude Lubega Makerere University Co-chair: Ali Ndiwalana Makerere University Co-chair: Michael Niyitegeka Makerere University Co-chair: John Sören Pettersson Karlstad University/HumanIT Co-chair: Idris Rai Makerere University Conference Reviewers M4D 2010 Solomon Atnafu Stephane Boyera Rasika Dayarthna Andrew Dearden Joshi Dhaval Jonathan Donner Florenicia Enghel Joan Francesc Fondevila Atanu Garai Mathias Hatakka Richard Heeks Tatu Lyytinen Vanessa Martinez Frias Raj Kishen Moloo CSHN Murthy Anders G. Nilsson Wayi Ntosh Ravi Palepu Idris Rai Hossein Shakhawat Bhuiyan Marten Schoonman Islam M. Sirajul Johanna Stenersen Revi Sterling Jakob Svensson Matti Tedre John Traxler Melissa Tully Katrin Verclas Marcus Wagenaar Table of Contents Keynote Speech Abstracts Where technology meets anthropology, conservation and development 11 Ken Banks Mobiles for Development Research: Quality and Impact 12 Richard Duncombe Research Track – Full Papers Evaluating the impact of mobile phone based ‘health help line’ service in rural Bangladesh 15 Md. Mahfuz Ashraf, Noushin Laila Ansari, Bushra Tahseen Malik, Barnaly Rashid Epidemic and Communicable Disease Surveillance Data Reporting and Medical Cases Communication System 30 Solomon Atnafu, Andualem Workneh, Yonan Getachew Using SMS for HIV/AIDS education and to expand the use of HIV testing and counselling services at the AIDSInformation Centre (AIC) Uganda 40 Hoefman Bas, Apunyu Bonny Mobiles for Development Research: Quality and Impact 49 Richard Duncombe Household access to mobile telephony in Latin America 60 Mireia Fernández-Ardèvol The Anatomy of Mobile Handsets: On the development of effective cell phone services 70 Vanessa Frias-Martinez, Jesús Virseda, Enrique Frias-Martinez Farmers’ use of Mobile Phones in Receiving Agricultural Information towards Agricultural Development 80 M. A. Kashem Preliminary insights to the role of the private sector in developing mobile services for low-income segment: Case M-Pesa and Ovi Life Tools 90 Tatu Lyytinen Farmers Empowerment, Opportunities and Risks: The Role of Mobile Phones in Babati District in Tanzania 99 Edmund Matotay, Bjorn Furuholt Using Mobile Phones for Personal Finances Accounting 111 Richard Matovu, Idris A. Rai Mobile Money Use in Uganda: A Preliminary Study 121 Ali Ndiwalana, Olga Morawczynski, Oliver Popov Information Needs and Communication Patterns of Rural Uganda: Implications for Mobile Applications 137 Ali Ndiwalana, Nigel Scott, Simon Batchelor, Andy Sumner Blacknoise: Low-fi Lightweight Steganography in Service of Free Speech 150 Michael Paik “Ten Seeds”: How mobiles have contributed to growth and development of women-led farming cooperatives in Lesotho. 160 Katharine Vincent, Tracy Cull The “ሀ ለ ሐ” Virtual Ethiopic Keyboard for Smart Phones 169 Andualem Workneh, Yonan Getachew, Gedion Tamene, Solomon Atnafu Practitioner Track – Full Papers A co-design innovation methodology: towards efficient delivery of mobile services in developing regions 181 Jenny De Boer, Nicolas Chevrollier CommCare: A Phone-based tool for Home Based Care in Tanzania 193 Joachim Mangilima, Brian Derenzi, Jayne Lyon, Benjamin Mrema, Steve Ollis, Whitney, Schaefer, Clayton Sims, Neal Lesh Mobile-Based ATM Monitoring Tool for Timely Fault Reporting 207 Prossie Nassaka, Idris A. Rai Mobile Innovations for Improving Life on Campus: Showcasing Mobile Solutions Designed for Students by Students in Senegal 217 Christelle Scharff, Jean-Marie Preira, James Tamgno Exploring the Usage of Mobile Technologies and Introducing Innovations for Improved Incomes and Livelihoods. A Case of L3F Initiative in South Western Uganda 228 Tenywa, M., K, Balusubramanian Zizinga, A. Muyingo, Kasule, R. Nabireeba James, Kaliisa R Mobile Human Rights Reporting in the Niger Delta 239 Marcus Wagenaar, Melanie Rieback Research Track – Short Papers Proliferation of Mobile Communication Technologies –The case of Western 253 Balkans Blerta Abazi, Agron Caushi Getting from research to practice in M4D 259 Andy Dearden, Ann Light, Benjamin Kanagwa, Idris Rai A Note on the Availability (and Importance) of Pre-Paid Mobile Data in Africa 263 Kevin Donovan, Jonathan Donner Effective Internet pricing for rural farmers of India 268 Vikas Kumar The Impact and Sustainability of Mobile Technology for Health Care Delivery in Malawi 275 Kumbukani Kuntiya Modeling Adoption of Mobile Money Transfer: A Consumer Behaviour Analysis 280 Peter Tobbin Practitioner Track – Short