No. 902, Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

No. 902, Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 902 https://www.fda.gov/food/generally-recognized-safe-gras/gras-notice-inventory Al AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc. December 17, 2019 Susan Carlson, PhD Division Director Division of Biotechnology and GRAS Notice Review Office of Food Additive Safety (HFS-200) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services 5001 Campus Drive College Park, MD 207 40 Dear Dr. Carlson: In accordance with regulation 21 CFR Part 170 Subpart E (Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) Notice), on behalf ofHealthTech BioActives, S.L.U. (the notifier), the undersigned, Kayla Preece, submits, for FDA review, the enclosed notice that neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is GRAS for use in foods. Should you have any questions or concerns regarding this notice, please contact me at 253-286-2888 or [email protected]. Sincerely, Kayla Preece (agent of the notifier) Scientific and Regulatory Consultant AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc. ("AIBMR") JAN 8 2020 OFFICE OF , FOOD ADDITIVE SAF~fY Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone GRAS 2 #902 Notice to US Food and Drug Administration of the Conclusion that the Intended Use of Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is Generally Recognized as Safe Submitted by the Notifier: HealthTech BioActives, S.L.U. Ctra. Beniel a Zeneta, 143-145 El Raiguero-La Villa 30130 Beniel (Murcia) Spain Prepared by the Agent of the Notifier: AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc. 2800 E. Madison, Suite 202 Seattle WA 98112 � December 17, 2019 ��(C �'¥7�(Q) JAN 8 2020 OFFICE OF FOOD ADDITIVE SAFETY ~• ,.1BMR Life Sciences, Inc. Table of Contents Part 1: Signed Statements and Certification ............................................................ 6 1.1 Submission of GRAS Notice .......................................................................... 6 1.2 Name and Address of the Notifier and Agent of the Notifier ........................ 6 1.3 Name of the Substance ................................................................................... 6 1.4 Intended Conditions of Use ............................................................................ 6 1.5 Statutory Basis for GRAS Conclusion ........................................................... 7 1.6 Not Subject to Premarket Approval ............................................................... 7 1. 7 Data and Information Availability Statement ................................................ 7 1.8 Exemption from Disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act ............. 7 1.9 Certification of Completion ........................................................................... 8 Part 2: Identity, Manufacture, Specifications, and Physical or Technical Effect .... 9 2.1 Identification .................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Sweetness ............................................................................................... 10 2.2 Manufacturing .............................................................................................. 10 2.2.1 Manufacturing Overview ....................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Good Manufacturing Practice ................................................................ 12 2.2.3 Raw Materials ........................................................................................ 12 2.3 Specifications ............................................................................................... 12 2.3 .1 Batch Analysis ....................................................................................... 14 2.3.2 Impurities ............................................................................................... 15 2.3.3 Residual Solvent Analysis ..................................................................... 18 2.3.4 Residual Contaminant Analysis ............................................................. 18 2.3 .5 Residual Pesticide Analysis ................................................................... 18 2.3.6 Heavy Metal Analysis ........................................................................... 18 2.3.7 Shelf-Life Stability ................................................................................ 19 2.4 Physical or Technical Effect ........................................................................ 21 Part 3: Dietary Exposure ........................................................................................ 22 3 .1 Intended Use ................................................................................................. 22 3 .2 Exposure Estimates ...................................................................................... 23 Part 4: Self-limiting Levels of Use ........................................................................ 27 Part 5: Experience Based on Common Use in Food Prior to 1958 ........................ 28 Part 6: Narrative ..................................................................................................... 29 6.1 Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) .................... 29 6.2 Toxicology Studies ....................................................................................... 31 6.2.1 Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test ........................................................... 31 6.2.2 Jn vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration Test ............................. 31 6.2.3 In vivo Mammalian Micronucleus Test ................................................. 31 6.2.4 Genotoxicity Summary .......................................................................... 32 6.2.5 Ninety-day Repeated-Dose Oral Toxicity Study ................................... 33 Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone GRAS 3 .A:.~ AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc. 6.2.6 Summary of Sub-chronic Trials ............................................................ 36 6.2.7 Chronic studies ...................................................................................... 37 6.2.8 Carcinogenicity Study ........................................................................... 37 6.2.9 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Studies .............................. 39 6.2.10 Summary of Chronic, Carcinogenicity, Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Studies .................................................................... 40 6.3 Additional Scientific Studies ........................................................................ 42 6.3.1 Human Studies ....................................................................................... 42 6.4 Authoritative Safety Opinions ...................................................................... 42 6.4.1 Select Committee on GRAS Substances ............................................... 42 6.4.2 European Food Safety Authority ........................................................... 42 6.4.3 World Health Organization ................................................................... 42 6.4.4 United States .......................................................................................... 42 6.5 Allergenicity ................................................................................................. 43 6.6 Past Sales and Reported Adverse Events ..................................................... 43 6.7 Basis for the GRAS Conclusion ................................................................... 43 6. 7 .1 Data and Information that Establish Safety ........................................... 44 6. 7 .2 Data and Information that is Corroborative of Safety ........................... 45 6. 7.3 General Recognition .............................................................................. 45 6.8 Data and Information that are Inconsistent with the GRAS Conclusion ..... 45 6.9 Information that is Exempt from Disclosure under FOIA ........................... 46 Part 7: Supporting Data and Information ............................................................... 4 7 7 .1 Data and Information that are not Generally Available ............................... 4 7 7 .2 References that are Generally Available ...................................................... 4 7 Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone GRAS 4 ~I. ,.IBMR Life Sciences, Inc. Figures and Tables Figure 1. Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone1 ................................................. ..................... 9 Figure 2: Neohesperidin13 •••• : .•••.....•••••••••••••••••...•••••••....•••••••••• •••••••••.•• • •••..•..••••••..•••••.•••• 11 Figure 3. Manufacturing Flowchart ................................................................................. 12 Table 1. NHDC Specifications ........................................................................................ 13 Table 2. NHDC Batch Analyses ..................................................................................... 14 Table 3: Impurities Detected in 67 Independent Batches of NHDC ............................... 17 Table 4. NHDC Heavy Metal Analysis ............................................................................ 19 Table 5. Real-Time Stability Study ................................................................................. 20 Table 6. Accelerated Stability Study (Irradiation Time= 12 hours) ................................ 21 Table 7. Intended use of NHDC ..................................................................................... 22 Table 8. Total (aggregate) absolute exposure to NHDC by proposed use food consumers using NHANES 2015-16 data ....................................................... 24
Recommended publications
  • Report of the Advisory Group to Recommend Priorities for the IARC Monographs During 2020–2024
    IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans Report of the Advisory Group to Recommend Priorities for the IARC Monographs during 2020–2024 Report of the Advisory Group to Recommend Priorities for the IARC Monographs during 2020–2024 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Acetaldehyde (CAS No. 75-07-0) ................................................................................................. 3 Acrolein (CAS No. 107-02-8) ....................................................................................................... 4 Acrylamide (CAS No. 79-06-1) .................................................................................................... 5 Acrylonitrile (CAS No. 107-13-1) ................................................................................................ 6 Aflatoxins (CAS No. 1402-68-2) .................................................................................................. 8 Air pollutants and underlying mechanisms for breast cancer ....................................................... 9 Airborne gram-negative bacterial endotoxins ............................................................................. 10 Alachlor (chloroacetanilide herbicide) (CAS No. 15972-60-8) .................................................. 10 Aluminium (CAS No. 7429-90-5) .............................................................................................. 11
    [Show full text]
  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
    2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid IUPAC (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid name 2,4-D Other hedonal names trinoxol Identifiers CAS [94-75-7] number SMILES OC(COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)=O ChemSpider 1441 ID Properties Molecular C H Cl O formula 8 6 2 3 Molar mass 221.04 g mol−1 Appearance white to yellow powder Melting point 140.5 °C (413.5 K) Boiling 160 °C (0.4 mm Hg) point Solubility in 900 mg/L (25 °C) water Related compounds Related 2,4,5-T, Dichlorprop compounds Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common systemic herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. It is the most widely used herbicide in the world, and the third most commonly used in North America.[1] 2,4-D is also an important synthetic auxin, often used in laboratories for plant research and as a supplement in plant cell culture media such as MS medium. History 2,4-D was developed during World War II by a British team at Rothamsted Experimental Station, under the leadership of Judah Hirsch Quastel, aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war.[citation needed] When it was commercially released in 1946, it became the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly enhanced weed control in wheat, maize (corn), rice, and similar cereal grass crop, because it only kills dicots, leaving behind monocots. Mechanism of herbicide action 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin, which is a class of plant growth regulators.
    [Show full text]
  • Response of Multiple Herbicide Resistant Strain of Diazotrophic Cyanobacterium, Anabaena Variabilis , Exposed to Atrazine and DCMU
    Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 49, April 2011, pp.298-303 Response of multiple herbicide resistant strain of diazotrophic cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis , exposed to atrazine and DCMU Surendra Singh, Pallavi Datta * & Archna Tirkey Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur 482 001, India Received 1 June 2010; revised 24 January 2011 Effect of two photosynthetic inhibitor herbicides, atrazine (both purified and formulated) and [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1,1-dimethyl urea] (DCMU), on the growth, macromolecular contents, heterocyst frequency, photosynthetic O 2 evolution and dark O 2 uptake of wild type and multiple herbicide resistant (MHR) strain of diazotrophic cyanobacterium A. variabilis was studied. Cyanobacterial strains showed gradual inhibition in growth with increasing dosage of herbicides. Both wild type and MHR strain tolerated < 6.0 mg L -1 of atrazine (purified), < 2.0 mg L -1 of atrazine (formulated) and < 0.4 mg L -1 of DCMU indicating similar level of herbicide tolerance. Atrazine (pure) (8.0 mg L -1) and 4.0 mg L -1 of atrazine (formulated) were growth inhibitory concentrations (lethal) for both wild type and MHR strain indicating formulated atrazine was more toxic than the purified form. Comparatively lower concentrations of DCMU were found to be lethal for wild type and MHR strain, respectively. Thus, between the two herbicides tested DCMU was more growth toxic than atrazine. At sublethal dosages of herbicides, photosynthetic O 2 evolution showed highest inhibition followed by chlorophyll a, phycobhiliproteins and heterocyst differentiation as compared to carotenoid, protein and respiratory O 2 uptake. Keyword s: Atrazine, Cyanobacteria, DCMU, Herbicides, Mutants, Photosynthesis In modern agriculture weed control by herbicides is a tolerate or resist toxic actions of various rice field common practice to increase in crop productivity 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis of Potentially Sweet Dihydrochalcone Glycosides
    University of Bath PHD The synthesis of potentially sweet dihydrochalcone glycosides. Noble, Christopher Michael Award date: 1974 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 THE SYNTHESIS OF POTBTTIALLY SWEET DIHYDROCHALCOITB GLYCOSIDES submitted by CHRISTOPHER MICHAEL NOBLE for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Bath. 1974 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author.This copy of the the­ sis has been supplied on condition that anyone who con­ sults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be pub­ lished without the prior written consent of the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Properties of Chemicals Volume 2
    1 t ENVIRONMENTAL 1 PROTECTION Esa Nikunen . Riitta Leinonen Birgit Kemiläinen • Arto Kultamaa Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 1 O O O O O O O O OO O OOOOOO Ol OIOOO FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE • EDITA Esa Nikunen e Riitta Leinonen Birgit Kemiläinen • Arto Kultamaa Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 HELSINKI 1000 OlO 00000001 00000000000000000 Th/s is a second revfsed version of Environmental Properties of Chemica/s, published by VAPK-Pub/ishing and Ministry of Environment, Environmental Protection Department as Research Report 91, 1990. The pubiication is also available as a CD ROM version: EnviChem 2.0, a PC database runniny under Windows operating systems. ISBN 951-7-2967-2 (publisher) ISBN 952-7 1-0670-0 (co-publisher) ISSN 1238-8602 Layout: Pikseri Julkaisupalvelut Cover illustration: Jussi Hirvi Edita Ltd. Helsinki 2000 Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 _____ _____________________________________________________ Contents . VOLUME ONE 1 Contents of the report 2 Environmental properties of chemicals 3 Abbreviations and explanations 7 3.1 Ways of exposure 7 3.2 Exposed species 7 3.3 Fffects________________________________ 7 3.4 Length of exposure 7 3.5 Odour thresholds 8 3.6 Toxicity endpoints 9 3.7 Other abbreviations 9 4 Listofexposedspecies 10 4.1 Mammais 10 4.2 Plants 13 4.3 Birds 14 4.4 Insects 17 4.5 Fishes 1$ 4.6 Mollusca 22 4.7 Crustaceans 23 4.8 Algae 24 4.9 Others 25 5 References 27 Index 1 List of chemicals in alphabetical order - 169 Index II List of chemicals in CAS-number order
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Phenolics: Bioavailability As a Key Determinant of Their Potential Health-Promoting Applications
    antioxidants Review Plant Phenolics: Bioavailability as a Key Determinant of Their Potential Health-Promoting Applications Patricia Cosme , Ana B. Rodríguez, Javier Espino * and María Garrido * Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; [email protected] (P.C.); [email protected] (A.B.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.E.); [email protected] (M.G.); Tel.: +34-92-428-9796 (J.E. & M.G.) Received: 22 October 2020; Accepted: 7 December 2020; Published: 12 December 2020 Abstract: Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites widely spread throughout the plant kingdom that can be categorized as flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Interest in phenolic compounds has dramatically increased during the last decade due to their biological effects and promising therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss the importance of phenolic compounds’ bioavailability to accomplish their physiological functions, and highlight main factors affecting such parameter throughout metabolism of phenolics, from absorption to excretion. Besides, we give an updated overview of the health benefits of phenolic compounds, which are mainly linked to both their direct (e.g., free-radical scavenging ability) and indirect (e.g., by stimulating activity of antioxidant enzymes) antioxidant properties. Such antioxidant actions reportedly help them to prevent chronic and oxidative stress-related disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Last, we comment on development of cutting-edge delivery systems intended to improve bioavailability and enhance stability of phenolic compounds in the human body. Keywords: antioxidant activity; bioavailability; flavonoids; health benefits; phenolic compounds 1. Introduction Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites widely spread throughout the plant kingdom with around 8000 different phenolic structures [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Residue Method I for Agricultural Chemicals by LC-MS (Agricultural Products)
    Multi-residue Method I for Agricultural Chemicals by LC-MS (Agricultural Products) 1. Analytes See Table 2 or 3. 2. Instruments Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) Liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) 3. Reagents Use the reagents listed in Section 3 of the General Rules except for the following. 0.5 mol/L Phosphate buffer (pH 7.0): Weigh 52.7 g of dipotassium hydrogenphosphate (K2HPO4) and 30.2 g of potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KH2PO4), dissolve in about 500 mL of water, adjust the pH to 7.0 with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide or 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and add water to make a 1 L solution. Reference standards of agricultural chemicals: Reference standards of known purities for each agricultural chemical. 4. Procedure 1) Extraction i) Grains, beans, nuts and seeds Add 20 mL of water to 10.0 g of sample and let stand for 15 minutes. Add 50 mL of acetonitrile, homogenize, and filter with suction. Add 20 mL of acetonitrile to the residue on the filter paper, homogenize, and filter with suction. Combine the resulting filtrates, and add acetonitrile to make exactly 100 mL. Take a 20 mL aliquot of the extract, add 10 g of sodium chloride and 20 mL of 0.5 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), and shake for 10 minutes. Let stand, and discard the separated aqueous layer. Add 10 mL of acetonitrile to an octadecylsilanized silica gel cartridge (1,000 mg) and discard the effluent. Transfer the acetonitrile layer to the cartridge, elute with 2 mL of acetonitrile, collect the total eluates, dehydrate with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filter out the anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide No. 1 – October 2020 2/12 the CONCEPT and IMPLEMENTATION of CPA GUIDANCE RESIDUE LEVELS
    Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco CORESTA GUIDE N° 1 The Concept and Implementation of CPA Guidance Residue Levels October 2020 Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee CORESTA TECHNICAL GUIDE N° 1 Title: The Concept and Implementation of CPA Guidance Residue Levels Status: Valid Note: This document will be periodically reviewed by CORESTA Document history: Date of review Information July 2003 Version 1 GRL for Pyrethrins () and Terbufos corrected. December 2003 CPA terminology corrected. June 2008 Version 2 – GRLs revised and residue definitions added Provisional GRL of 2.00 ppm for Cyfluthrin to replace previous June 2010 GRL of 0.50 ppm July 2013 Version 3 – GRLs revised October 2013 Note for Maleic Hydrazide revised Version 4 – GRLs revised + clarification that scope of GRLs July 2016 applies predominantly to the production of traditional cigarette tobaccos and GAP associated with their cultivation. June 2018 Fluopyram GRL of 5 ppm added to GRL list Version 5 – Nine new CPAs with GRL added to list. November 2019 Revision of GRLs for Chlorantraniliprole and Indoxacarb. Updated web links. October 2020 Version 6 – Flupyradifurone GRL of 21 ppm added to GRL list. CORESTA Guide No. 1 – October 2020 2/12 THE CONCEPT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CPA GUIDANCE RESIDUE LEVELS Executive Summary • Guidance Residue Levels (GRLs) are in the remit of the Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee (ACAC) of CORESTA. Their development is a joint activity of all ACAC members, who represent the leaf production, processing and manufacturing sectors of the Tobacco Industry. The concept of GRLs and their implementation are described in this guide. • GRLs provide guidance to tobacco growers and assist with interpretation and evaluation of results from analyses of residues of Crop Protection Agents (CPAs*).
    [Show full text]
  • Flavonoid Glucodiversification with Engineered Sucrose-Active Enzymes Yannick Malbert
    Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes Yannick Malbert To cite this version: Yannick Malbert. Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes. Biotechnol- ogy. INSA de Toulouse, 2014. English. NNT : 2014ISAT0038. tel-01219406 HAL Id: tel-01219406 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01219406 Submitted on 22 Oct 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Last name: MALBERT First name: Yannick Title: Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes Speciality: Ecological, Veterinary, Agronomic Sciences and Bioengineering, Field: Enzymatic and microbial engineering. Year: 2014 Number of pages: 257 Flavonoid glycosides are natural plant secondary metabolites exhibiting many physicochemical and biological properties. Glycosylation usually improves flavonoid solubility but access to flavonoid glycosides is limited by their low production levels in plants. In this thesis work, the focus was placed on the development of new glucodiversification routes of natural flavonoids by taking advantage of protein engineering. Two biochemically and structurally characterized recombinant transglucosylases, the amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea and the α-(1→2) branching sucrase, a truncated form of the dextransucrase from L. Mesenteroides NRRL B-1299, were selected to attempt glucosylation of different flavonoids, synthesize new α-glucoside derivatives with original patterns of glucosylation and hopefully improved their water-solubility.
    [Show full text]
  • HPLC for Food Analysis
    HPLC for Food Analysis A Primer © Copyright Agilent Technologies Company, 1996-2001. All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaption, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws. Printed in Germany www.agilent.com/chem September 01, 2001 Publication Number 5988-3294EN HPLC for Food Analysis A Primer The fundamentals of an alternative approach to solving tomorrow’s measurement challenges Angelika Gratzfeld-Hüsgen and Rainer Schuster Acknowledgements We would like to thank Christine Miller and John Jaskowiak for their contributions to this primer. Mrs. Miller is an application chemist with Agilent Technologies and is responsible for the material contained in chapter 5. Mr. Jaskowiak, who wrote chapter 7, is a product manager for liquid chromatography products at Agilent Technologies. © Copyright Agilent Technologies Company 1996-2001. All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaption, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws. Printed in Germany, September 1, 2001. Publication Number 5988-3294EN Preface Modern agriculture and food processing often involve the use of chemicals. Some of these chemicals and their func- tions are listed below: • Fertilizers: increase production of agricultural plants • Pesticides: protect crops against weeds and pests • Antibiotics: prevent bacteria growth in animals during breeding • Hormones: accelerate animal growth • Colorants: increase acceptability and appeal of food • Preservatives and antioxidants: extend product life • Natural and artificial sweeteners and flavors: improve the taste of food • Natural and synthetic vitamins: increase the nutritive value of food • Carbohydrates: act as food binders Such chemicals improve productivity and thus increase competitiveness and profit margins. However, if the amounts consumed exceed certain limits, some of these chemicals may prove harmful to humans.
    [Show full text]
  • Glycosides in Lemon Fruit
    Food Sci. Technol. Int. Tokyo, 4 (1), 48-53, 1998 Characteristics of Antioxidative Flavonoid Glycosides in Lemon Fruit Yoshiaki MIYAKE,1 Kanefumi YAMAMOT0,1 Yasujiro MORIMITSU2 and Toshihiko OSAWA2 * Central Research Laboratory of Pokka Corporation, Ltd., 45-2 Kumanosyo, Shikatsu-cho, Nishikasugai-gun, Aichi 481, Japan 2Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 46401, Japan Received June 12, 1997; Accepted September 27, 1997 We investigated the antioxidative flavonoid glycosides in the peel extract of lemon fruit (Citrus limon). Six flavanon glycosides: eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin, and three flavone glycosides: diosmin, 6~-di- C-p-glucosyldiosmin (DGD), and 6- C-p-glucosyldiosmin (GD) were identified by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Their antioxidative activity was examined using a linoleic acid autoxidation system. The antioxidative activity of eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin and DGD was stronger than that of the others. Flavonoid glycosides were present primarily in the peel of lemon fruit. There was only a small difference in the content of the flavonoid glycosides of the lemon fruit juice from various sources and varieties. Lemon fruit contained abundant amounts of eriocitrin and hesperidin and also contained narirutin, diosmin, and DGD, but GD, neoeriocitrin, naringin, and neohesperidin were present only in trace amounts. The content of DGD, GD, and eriocitrin was especially abundant in lemons and limes; however, they were scarcely found in other citrus fruits. The content of flavonoid compounds in lemon juice obtained by an in-line extractor at a juice factory was more abundant than that obtained by hand-squeezing. These compounds were found to be stable even under heat treatment conditions (121'C, 15 min) in acidic solution.
    [Show full text]
  • GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 719, Orange Pomace
    GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 719 https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/default.htm SAFETY EVALUATION DOSSIER SUPPORTING A GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE (GRAS) CONCLUSION FOR ORANGE POMACE SUBMITTED BY: PepsiCo, Inc. 700 Anderson Hill Road Purchase, NY 10577 SUBMITTED TO: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office of Food Additive Safety HFS-200 5100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park, MD 20740-3835 CONTACT FOR TECHNICAL OR OTHER INFORMATION: Andrey Nikiforov, Ph.D. Toxicology Regulatory Services, Inc. 154 Hansen Road, Suite 201 Charlottesville, VA 22911 July 3, 2017 Table of Contents Part 1. SIGNED STATEMENTS AND CERTIFICATION ...........................................................1 A. Name and Address of Notifier .............................................................................................1 B. Name of GRAS Substance ...................................................................................................1 C. Intended Use and Consumer Exposure ................................................................................1 D. Basis for GRAS Conclusion ................................................................................................2 E. Availability of Information ..................................................................................................3 Part 2. IDENTITY, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, SPECIFICATIONS, AND PHYSICAL OR TECHNICAL EFFECT.................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]