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Home , Bolsheviks, Russian Revolution, White Army

TURNER World History & Geography

RUSSIAN (1917 – 1922) I. The It Matters Because

As the dragged on, stirred with unrest. The Romanov dynasty of

Russia ended when Czar Nicholas II stepped down & a provisional

government was put in power. Then the under V.I.

overthrew the government and by 1921 were in total command of Russia

1. What factors & events led to the A. Background to Revolution Russian Revolution? 1. Russia was not as militarily or technologically advanced as

Europe

2. 1917 was a year of famine & many starved

3. 2M soldiers were killed between 1914 & 1916 & another 4-6M

wounded or captured

4. In Mar 1917, Women marched in Petrograd demanding “Peace &

Bread”

5. Czar Nicholas II stepped down from the throne on March 15th, 1917

6. Russian involvement in , the czar’s poor leadership,

rioting in Petrograd, the Provisional government’s decision to stay

in the war & the rise of the soviets all led to the Russian Revolution

TURNER World History & Geography

2. How did Russia move from a czarist B. Lenin and the Bolsheviks regime to a Communist regime? 1. Bolsheviks began as a small faction of a Marxist party called the

Russian Social Democrats

2. Came under the leadership of V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin)

3. Became dedicated to violent revolution

4. Lenin spent time abroad from 1900-1917.

5. Lenin’s return in 1917 began a new phase of Russian Revolution

6. Bolsheviks reflected discontent of the people

7. Nov, 1917 they seized the & took control of the

government

8. The Bolsheviks promised peace, land, bread, & protection from

exploitation. They captured the Winter Palace, took control of the

government, & renamed themselves Communists

TURNER World History & Geography

3. What forces opposed the C. in Russia Communist government? 1. After the Bolsheviks (Communists) took control of the government,

a civil war began

2. The two sides consisted of the Bolsheviks on one side & czarist

loyalists, liberals, & anti-Leninist socialists. They were joined by an

allied expedition as well ( vs. )

3. In , the Czar & his family were executed

4. By 1920, most forces were defeated

5. Some groups were loyal to the czar; others wanted a constitutional

; & anti-Leninist socialists wanted a more democratically-

led .

TURNER World History & Geography

4. What factors helped the D. Triumph of the Communists Communists win the ? 1. The Army was much more disciplined than the

2. was key to organization & discipline

3. Political differences fractured the White Army

4. War was essential to keeping the supplied

5. , the Checka, destroyed those opposed to the new

regime

6. By 1921 the Communists were in total control

7. Opposing forces were not organized around a common purpose;

kept the Army supplied; the destroyed all

opposition; the presence of the Allies in Russia gave the

Communists a rallying point.