The War in the Peninsula, 1808-1814
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Durham Research Online
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 12 August 2021 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Valladares, Susan (2013) '`For the sake of illustrating principles: Wordsworth, the Convention of Cintra, and Satirical Prints'.', European Romantic Review, 24 (5). pp. 31-54. Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1080/10509585.2013.828400 Publisher's copyright statement: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor Francis in European Romantic Review on 16 September 2013, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10509585.2013.828400. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk Susan Valladares “For the sake of illustrating principles”: Wordsworth, the Convention of Cintra, and Satirical Prints Susan Valladares* Worcester College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Abstract Wordsworth’s pamphlet Concerning the Relations of Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal to each other, and to the common enemy; at this crisis, and specifically as affected by the Convention of Cintra (1809) is, arguably, one of Romanticism’s most nuanced examples of political prose. -
Wellingtons Peninsular War Pdf, Epub, Ebook
WELLINGTONS PENINSULAR WAR PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Julian Paget | 288 pages | 01 Jan 2006 | Pen & Sword Books Ltd | 9781844152902 | English | Barnsley, United Kingdom Wellingtons Peninsular War PDF Book In spite of the reverse suffered at Corunna, the British government undertakes a new campaign in Portugal. Review: France '40 Gold 16 Jan 4. Reding was killed and his army lost 3, men for French losses of 1, Napoleon now had all the pretext that he needed, while his force, the First Corps of Observation of the Gironde with divisional general Jean-Andoche Junot in command, was prepared to march on Lisbon. VI, p. At the last moment Sir John had to turn at bay at Corunna, where Soult was decisively beaten off, and the embarkation was effected. In all, the episode remains as the bloodiest event in Spain's modern history, doubling in relative terms the Spanish Civil War ; it is open to debate among historians whether a transition from absolutism to liberalism in Spain at that moment would have been possible in the absence of war. On 5 May, Suchet besieged the vital city of Tarragona , which functioned as a port, a fortress, and a resource base that sustained the Spanish field forces in Catalonia. The move was entirely successful. Corunna While the French were victorious in battle, they were eventually defeated, as their communications and supplies were severely tested and their units were frequently isolated, harassed or overwhelmed by partisans fighting an intense guerrilla war of raids and ambushes. Further information: Lines of Torres Vedras. The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon in , and it is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation and is significant for the emergence of large-scale guerrilla warfare. -
The Education of a Field Marshal :: Wellington in India and Iberia
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1992 The education of a field am rshal :: Wellington in India and Iberia/ David G. Cotter University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Cotter, David G., "The ducae tion of a field marshal :: Wellington in India and Iberia/" (1992). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 1417. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1417 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EDUCATION OF A FIELD MARSHAL WELLINGTON IN INDIA AND IBERIA A Thesis Presented by DAVID' G. COTTER Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May, 1992 Department of History Copyright by David G. Cotter 1992 All Rights Reserved ' THE EDUCATION OF A FIELD MARSHAL WELLINGTON IN INDIA AND IBERIA A Thesis Presented by DAVID G. COTTER Approved as to style and content by Franklin B. Wickwire, Chair )1 Mary B/ Wickwire 'Mary /5. Wilson Robert E. Jones^ Department Chai^r, History ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to all in the History department at the University of Massachusetts, especially Professors Stephen Pelz, Marvin Swartz, R. Dean Ware, Mary Wickwire and Mary Wilson. I am particularly indebted to Professor Franklin Wickwire. He performed as instructor, editor, devil's advocate, mentor and friend. -
Wordsworth's Cintra Tract
EURAMERICA Vol. 37, No. 3 (September 2007), 391-415 © Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica Revolutionary or Apostate?: Wordsworth’s Cintra Tract Yu-san Yu Foreign Languages and Literature Department, National Sun Yat-sen University E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The question of whether and when Wordsworth turned his back on his early political ideals has often been the topic of Wordsworthian studies, and many critics believe that after the French Revolution the poet renounced its cause and became a conservative. This paper seeks to demonstrate that rather than becoming a renegade of revolutionary causes, the poet “modified” his political ideas. In order to do this, I first examine the political pamphlet—Convention of Cintra—that Wordsworth wrote in his middle years (1808 to 1809), that is, after his “retirement” to the country at the end of 1799, a retirement that has always been interpreted as reactionary and a sign of betrayal. Then I compare Convention of Cintra with a political tract written during his radical years—A Letter to the Bishop of Llandaff. Such a comparison will show that the poet retained some of his earlier political ideas, but modified the relatively radical ones, especially those regarding violent revolutions. Key Words: Wordsworth, Convention of Cintra, A Letter to the Bishop of Llandaff, apostate, virtue Received April 18, 2007; accepted August 9, 2007; last revised August 8, 2007 Proofreaders: Jeffrey Cuvilier, Waan-Rur Lu, Kuei-feng Hu, Pei-Hua Lee 392 EURAMERICA I. Introduction In the 20th and 21st centuries, almost all Wordsworthian critics have favored The Prelude over The Excursion—a poem considered by the Victorian readers and the poet himself as one of his most important works. -
The Limits of Social Mobility: Social Origins and Career Patterns of British Generals, 1688-1815
The London School of Economics and Political Science The Limits of Social Mobility: social origins and career patterns of British generals, 1688-1815 Andrew B. Wood A thesis submitted to the Department of Economic History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, November, 2011 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorization does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 88,820 words. 2 Abstract Late eighteenth-century Britain was dominated by two features of economic life that were a major departure from previous eras, the economic growth of the Industrial Revolution and almost constant warfare conducted on a previously unprecedented scale. One consequence of this was the rapid expansion, diversification and development of the professions. Sociologists and economists have often argued that economic development and modernisation leads to increasing rates of social mobility. However, historians of the army and professions in the eighteenth-century claim the upper levels of the army were usually isolated from mobility as the highest ranks were dominated by sons of the aristocracy and landed elite. -
FRENCH REVOLUTION PART 3 from the Directory 1794-1799 To
FRENCH REVOLUTION PART 3 From the Directory 1794-1799 to Napoleon Bonaparte The Terror July 1793-July 1794 Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety Inscription on Engraving from 1795, after pyramid: Thermidor “Here lies all Robespierre guillotines the France.” executioner, after all France has been guillotined Constitutions of 1791 and 1793 are beneath his feet COUP D’ĖTAT OF THERMIDOR JULY Execution of Robespierre, 1794 Saint Just, Couthon July 1794 End of the Jacobin Terror, start of White Terror" -- execution of 72 leading Jacobins in one day The Directory takes power 1794- 1799 The Directory: July 1794-1799 Paul Barras one of the five Directors making up the executive council Legislature under Directory is Drawing of bicameral: member of Council of Council of Elders = upper house Elders -- pseudo-Roman Council of 500 = lower house robes Constitution of the Year V 1795 Third constitution – one every two years 1791, 1793 Ends universal male suffrage Indirect elections (electoral college like USA) Bicameral legislature upper house as more elite restraint on lower house LOUIS XVII -- never reigned son & heir of Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette b. 1785 d. 1795 June in prison of illness at age 10 (age 8 at time of Marie Antoinette’s trial) Set back for royalist hopes for restoration of monarchy – but the eventual Louis XVIII restored in 1814 was the brother (in exile since 1792) of King Louis XVI executed in Jan 1793. REVOLT OF GERMINAL (Spring 1795): Parisian sans culottes riot, call for "bread & Constitution of 1793," but no more political -
Casanova, Julían, the Spanish Republic and Civil
This page intentionally left blank The Spanish Republic and Civil War The Spanish Civil War has gone down in history for the horrific violence that it generated. The climate of euphoria and hope that greeted the over- throw of the Spanish monarchy was utterly transformed just five years later by a cruel and destructive civil war. Here, Julián Casanova, one of Spain’s leading historians, offers a magisterial new account of this crit- ical period in Spanish history. He exposes the ways in which the Republic brought into the open simmering tensions between Catholics and hard- line anticlericalists, bosses and workers, Church and State, order and revolution. In 1936, these conflicts tipped over into the sacas, paseos and mass killings that are still passionately debated today. The book also explores the decisive role of the international instability of the 1930s in the duration and outcome of the conflict. Franco’s victory was in the end a victory for Hitler and Mussolini, and for dictatorship over democracy. julián casanova is Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. He is one of the leading experts on the Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War and has published widely in Spanish and in English. The Spanish Republic and Civil War Julián Casanova Translated by Martin Douch CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521493888 © Julián Casanova 2010 This publication is in copyright. -
Appendix 1: Organisation of the Spanisn Army, November 1812
Appendix 1: Organisation of the Spanisn Army, November 1812 FIRST ARMY (CATALONlA) - LACY First Division Baza, Fernando VII, Leales Manresanos, Cazadores de Catalufla, Barcelona, Palma Second Division Ultonia, Matar6, Tarragona, Cardona, San Fernando, Ausona Unattached Borb6n, Tiradores de Busa, Gerona, Tiradores de Catalufla Total: sixteen battalions, c. 16 000 officers and men. SECOND AND THIRD ARMIES (LEV ANTE-ARAGON) - EUO (a) Second Army Villacampa' s Division 2° de la Princesa, 2° de Soria, 2° de Voluntarios de Arag6n, Voluntarios de Molina Bassecourt' s Division 2° de Voluntarios de Catalufla, 2° de Badajoz, Cazadores de Cuenca (two squadrons), Husares de Arag6n (two squadrons) EI Empecinado' s Voluntarios de Guadalajara, Voluntarios de Division Madrid, Tiradores de Sigüenza, Tiradores de Cuenca, Cazadores de Guadalajara (three squadrons), Cazadores Voluntarios de Madrid (three squadrons) Duran' s Division Cariflena, Voluntarios Numantinos, Cazadores de Soria, Voluntarios de Rioja, Dragones de Soria (three squadrons) Total: fourteen battalions, thirteen squadrons, c. 18 000 officers and men. 182 Appendix 1 183 (h) Third Army Vanguard - Freyre 1er de Voluntarios de la Corona, 1er de Guadix, Velez Malaga, Carabinieros Reales (one squadron), 1er Provisional de Linea (three squadrons), 2° Provisional de Linea (three squadrons), 1er Provisional de Dragones, (three squadrons), 2° Provisional de Dragones (three squadrons), 1er Provisional de Husares (two squadrons) Roche' s Division Voluntarios de Alicante, Canarias, Chinchilla, Cazadores de Valencia, Husares de Fernando VII (three squadrons) Montijo's Brigade 2° de Guardias Walonas, 1er de Badajoz, Cuenca Michelena' s Brigade 1er de Voluntarios de Arag6n, Tiradores de Cadiz, 2° de Mallorca Mijares' Brigade 1"' de Burgos, Alcazar de San Juan, BaHen, Lorca, Voluntarios de Jaen U na ttachedl garrisons Almansa, America, Alpujarras, Almeria, Cazadores de Jaen (one squadron), Cazadores de la Mancha (two squadrons) Total: twenty-two battalions, twenty-one squadrons, c. -
Wellington's Two-Front War: the Peninsular Campaigns, 1808-1814 Joshua L
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2005 Wellington's Two-Front War: The Peninsular Campaigns, 1808-1814 Joshua L. Moon Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES WELLINGTON’S TWO-FRONT WAR: THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGNS, 1808 - 1814 By JOSHUA L. MOON A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History In partial fulfillment of the Requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded Spring Semester, 2005 The members of the Committee approve the Dissertation of Joshua L. Moon defended on 7 April 2005. __________________________________ Donald D. Horward Professor Directing Dissertation ____________________________________ Patrick O’Sullivan Outside Committee Member _____________________________ Jonathan Grant Committee Member ______________________________ Edward Wynot Committee Member ______________________________ Joe M. Richardson Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named Committee members ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS No one can write a dissertation alone and I would like to thank a great many people who have made this possible. Foremost, I would like to acknowledge Dr. Donald D. Horward. Not only has he tirelessly directed my studies, but also throughout this process he has inculcated a love for Napoleonic History in me that will last a lifetime. A consummate scholar and teacher, his presence dominates the field. I am immensely proud to have his name on this work and I owe an immeasurable amount of gratitude to him and the Institute of Napoleon and French Revolution at Florida State University. -
Collectanea Napoleonica ; Being a Catalogue of the Collection Of
'-^««swg^^-^;j^ ~^- .«»-" .^w^--— jfc ':^ NAPOLEON IN EGYPT. From a picture by E. Detaille, in the Collection of Sir George White, Bart., of Cothain House, Bristol. lCOLLECTANEA NAPOLEONICA CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTION OF AUTOGRAPHS, HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS, BROADSIDES, CARICATURES, DRAWINGS, MAPS, MUSIC, PORTRAITS, NAVAL AND MILITARY COSTUME-PLATES, BATTLE SCENES, VIEWS, ETC., ETC. RELATING TO Napoleon I. AND HIS TIMES, 1769-1821. Formed by A. M. BROADLEY, of the Knapp, Bradpole, Dorsetshire Compiled bv Walter V. Daniell. TOGETHER WITH AN EXPLANATORY PREFACE I5Y A. M. BROADLEY, AND A CATALOGUE OF HIS NAPOLEONIC LIBRARY. ILLUSTRATED WITH A HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED PORTRAIT OF NAPOLEON, BY DETAILLE, FROM A PICTURE IN THE POSSESSION OF SHi G. WHITE, BART., AND SEVERAL REPRODUCTIONS OF RARE ORIGINALS 15Y PER^HSSION OF THE PROPRIETORS OF "THE KING." LONDON: W. V. DANIELL, S5, Mortimer Street, W. PARIS : GODEFROY MAYER, 41, Rue Blanche. MUNICH : EMILE HIRSCH, 6 Karlstrasse. AMSTERDAM : R. W. P. DE VRIES, 146 Singel. BRUSSELS: SPINEUX & Cie., 62 Montagne de la Cour. A< PREFACE. subject of Napoleon, in its various aspects, is as irresistible THEas it is instructive, and as interesting it is as infinite and " inexhaustible. Taking the " Life of ]\Ir. Rose, and the "Last Phase " of Lord Rosebery as a basis, I have devoted the spare moments of four years, and a certain amount of constitutional energy, to extending the original three octavo volumes into twenty-eight folios, for which Messrs. Root & Co. have devised a charming and appropriate binding of a hue which I am assured is essentially Napoleonic, viz., Empire vert. In accomplishing all this I have had an m valuable helper in Mr. -
The History of Napoleon Buonaparte
THE HISTORY OF NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE JOHN GIBSON LOCKHART CHAPTER I BIRTH AND PARENTAGE OF NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE—HIS EDUCATION AT BRIENNE AND AT PARIS—HIS CHARACTER AT THIS PERIOD—HIS POLITICAL PREDILECTIONS—HE ENTERS THE ARMY AS SECOND LIEUTENANT OF ARTILLERY—HIS FIRST MILITARY SERVICE IN CORSICA IN 1793. Napoleon Buonaparte was born at Ajaccio on the 15th of August, 1769. The family had been of some distinction, during the middle ages, in Italy; whence his branch of it removed to Corsica, in the troubled times of the Guelphs and Gibellines. They were always considered as belonging to the gentry of the island. Charles, the father of Napoleon, an advocate of considerable reputation, married his mother, Letitia Ramolini, a young woman eminent for beauty and for strength of mind, during the civil war— when the Corsicans, under Paoli, were struggling to avoid the domination of the French. The advocate had espoused the popular side in that contest, and his lovely and high-spirited wife used to attend him through the toils and dangers of his mountain campaigns. Upon the termination of the war, he would have exiled himself along with Paoli; but his relations dissuaded him from this step, and he was afterwards reconciled to the conquering party, and protected and patronised by the French governor of Corsica, the Count de Marbœuff. It is said that Letitia had attended mass on the morning of the 15th of August; and, being seized suddenly on her return, gave birth to the future hero of his age, on a temporary couch covered with tapestry, representing the heroes of the Iliad. -
Martyrology 12 09 19
Martyrology An Anglican Martyrology - for the British Isles 1 of 160 Martyrology Introduction The base text is the martyrology compiled by Fr. Hugh Feiss, OSB. Copyright © 2008 by the Monastery of the Ascension, Jerome, ID 83338 and available online at the website of the Monastery of Christ in the Desert. The calendars of each of the three Anglican churches of the British isles contain varied group commemorations, I suggest these entries are read only in the province where they are observed and have indicated that by the use of italics and brackets. However, people, particularly in the Church of England, are woefully ignorant of the history of the other Anglican churches of our islands and it would be good if all entries for the islands are used in each province. The Roman dates are also indicated where these vary from Anglican ones but not all those on the Roman Calendar have an entry. The introductions to the saints and celebrations in the Anglican calendars in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales in Exciting Holiness, ed. Brother Tristam SSF, The Canterbury Press, 1997, have been added where a saint did not already appear in the martyrology. These have been adapted to indicate the place and date of death at the beginning, as is traditional at the reading of the martyrology. For the place of death I have generally relied on Wikipedia. For Irish, Welsh and Scottish celebrations not appearing in Exciting Holiness I have used the latest edition of Celebrating the Saints, Canterbury Press, 2004. These entries are generally longer than appear in martyrologies and probably need editing down even more than I have done if they are to be read liturgically.