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Antenna Designs Using Matching Circuits for 4G Communicating Devices Aykut Cihangir

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Antenna designs using matching circuits for 4G communicating devices Aykut Cihangir To cite this version: Aykut Cihangir. Antenna designs using matching circuits for 4G communicating devices. Other. Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. English. NNT : 2014NICE4010. tel-00976632 HAL Id: tel-00976632 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976632 Submitted on 10 Apr 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DE NICE-SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS ECOLE DOCTORALE STIC SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES DE L'INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION AANNTTEENNNNAA DDEESSIIGGNNSS UUSSIINNGG MMAATTCCHHIINNGG CCIIRRCCUUIITTSS FFOORR 44GG CCOOMMMMUUNNIICCAATTIINNGG DDEEVVIICCEESS THESE POUR L'OBTENTION DU GRADE DE DOCTEUR EN SCIENCES DE L'UNIVERSITE DE NICE-SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS PAR AYKUT CIHANGIR DIRECTEUR DE THESE: CYRIL LUXEY SOUTENANCE PREVUE LE 6 MARS 2014 Jury: M. Ala SHARAIHA, Professeur à l' Université de Rennes (Rapporteur) M. Laurent DUSSOPT, CEA-LETI (Rapporteur) M. Christian PERSON, Professeur au Lab-STICC (Examinateur) M. Frédéric Gianesello, STMicroelectronics (Examinateur) M. Cyril LUXEY, Professeur à l’Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (Directeur de thèse) M. Fabien FERRERO, Maitre de conférences, LEAT (Co-Encadrant) M. Olivier Pajona, Ethertronics (Invité) 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 6 1. EVOLUTION OF CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS ........................................................................ 7 2. GENERAL INFORMATION ON 4G TECHNOLOGIES ..................................................................... 8 3. EVOLUTION OF MOBILE PHONE ANTENNAS .......................................................................... 10 4. EXAMPLES OF ANTENNAS IN MODERN SMARTPHONES ......................................................... 13 5. THEORY OF SMALL ANTENNAS .............................................................................................. 16 6. COUPLING ELEMENT ANTENNAS ........................................................................................... 17 7. ANTENNAS USING PARASITIC ELEMENTS FOR BANDWIDTH ENLARGEMENT ........................... 20 8. SINGLE-FEED AND MULTI-FEED ANTENNA STRUCTURES ......................................................... 21 9. MOTIVATION OF THE THESIS ................................................................................................ 22 CHAPTER II TUNABLE ANTENNAS ................................................................................................ 27 1. ANTENNA DESIGNS USING MEMS SWITCHES ......................................................................... 28 1.1. ANTENNA DESIGN-I .................................................................................................................... 30 1.2. ANTENNA DESIGN-II ................................................................................................................... 40 1.3. RADIATION EFFICIENCY DROP IN ANTENNA PROTOTYPES ........................................................ 45 2. ANTENNA DESIGN USING BST CAPACITOR ............................................................................. 49 2.1. ANTENNA MODEL AND SIMULATION RESULTS .......................................................................... 50 3. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER III THE HOLLOW COUPLING ELEMENT APPROACH .................................................. 55 1. THE HOLLOW COUPLING ELEMENT APPROACH ..................................................................... 56 1.1. COMPARISON OF THE HOLLOW CE WITH A PLAIN CE ............................................................... 56 1.2. INTEGRATION OF HIGH BAND ANTENNA WITHIN THE HOLLOW CE ......................................... 59 1.3. PRINTED COUPLING ELEMENT ANTENNA .................................................................................. 64 2. TWO-ELEMENT MIMO ANTENNA USING HOLLOW COUPLING ELEMENTS .............................. 70 2.1. THE LTE MIMO ANTENNA MODEL ............................................................................................. 71 2.2. MEASUREMENT RESULTS OF THE LTE MIMO ANTENNA ........................................................... 74 3. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 76 CHAPTER IV SINGLE FEED ANTENNAS ON LDS TECHNOLOGY ........................................................ 79 1. LOW-LTE AND UMTS ANTENNA ............................................................................................ 81 1.1. ANTENNA MODEL ....................................................................................................................... 81 1.2. MEASUREMENT RESULTS ........................................................................................................... 84 2. LTE ANTENNA ...................................................................................................................... 86 2.1. ANTENNA MODEL ....................................................................................................................... 86 2.2. MEASUREMENT RESULTS ........................................................................................................... 90 2 3. INVESTIGATION OF THE USER EFFECT ................................................................................... 92 4. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 95 5. PERSPECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 97 CHAPTER V EYEWEAR ANTENNAS ..............................................................................................1 04 1. USE CASE AND GENERAL INFORMATION ON EYEWEAR DEVICES ........................................... 105 2. FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR EYEWEAR ANTENNAS ..................................................................... 106 2.1. INVESTIGATION OF BANDWIDTH POTENTIAL IN POSITION-1 ................................................ 107 2.2. INVESTIGATION OF BANDWIDTH POTENTIAL IN POSITION-2 ................................................ 109 2.3. INVESTIGATION OF BANDWIDTH POTENTIAL IN POSITION-3 ................................................ 110 2.4. COMPARISON OF SAR PERFORMANCES IN THREE LOCATIONS .............................................. 112 3. EYEWEAR ANTENNA SOLUTIONS FOR 4G COVERAGE ........................................................... 113 3.1. EYEWEAR ANTENNA-1 .............................................................................................................. 114 3.2. EYEWEAR ANTENNA-2 .............................................................................................................. 118 3.3. EYEWEAR ANTENNA-3 .............................................................................................................. 121 4. CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................123 5. PERSPECTIVES .....................................................................................................................124 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................127 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES ..............................................................................................................131 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................136 LIST OF TABLES ..........................................................................................................................140 PUBLICATIONS ..........................................................................................................................141 TABLE OF ACRONYMS CA Carrier Aggregation LTE Long Term Evolution CE Coupling Element MEMS Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems EM Electromagnetics MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output GSM Global System for Mobile MN Matching Network Telecommunications HB High-Band PCB Printed Circuit Board IFA Inverted F Antenna PIFA Planar Inverted F Antenna LB Low-Band SMD Surface Mount Device LDS Laser Direct Structuring UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 3 ABSTRACT With the introduction of the fourth generation (4G) of cellular mobile communications, there has been an increase in the frequency bands that a generic mobile phone should be able to operate. This requirement poses some challenges in the design of the transceiver modules of the device as well as the RF front-end and the antenna. From the antenna design point of view, the newly added frequency bands especially LTE bands 12-13-17 which goes down to 700MHz creates the main design challenge: covering 700-960MHz (30% bandwidth) in the
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