DOCSLIB.ORG

The Effect of the Failure of the G30s Pki Communism on Political Development in Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Effect of the Failure of the G30s Pki Communism on Political Development in Indonesia THE EFFECT OF THE FAILURE OF THE G30S PKI COMMUNISM ON POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA Arumna Aryani; Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin Faculty of Humanities, Airlangga University [email protected] and [email protected] ABSTRACT Many ideologies develop in the world, one of which is communism. The doctrine of communism is a reaction to a system of capitalism that is considered to lack social sensitivities. In Indonesia itself, this ideology had developed, but not long ago this ideology collapsed precisely after the events of the Movement of September 30, 1965, which is believed to be carried out by the Communist Party of Indonesia. This event led to a change in all fields and one of the affected areas was the political field where there was no political right for those with communist ideology in Indonesia. The purpose of writing this article in addition to completing the course assignment "Philosophy of Science" is also a reference for those who want to know the failure of the Communist Party of Indonesia and its impact on the 21st century in politics. This research is guided by the question of “What are the consequences that arise from the failure of communism in the G30S PKI incident on political development in Indonesia today?”. From this question, information was obtained that the failure of the G30S PKI communism made the Indonesian political sector close the communist gap and restrict all traffic. This case study will be written through the literature review method which is conducted collecting data from several relevant scientific journals. Researchers realize that there are difficulties in collecting quality data that can support research results because of the limitations of journals related to the themes taken. As for recommendations from various research analyses to respect everyone's political rights and don't swallow information that has not been validated. Keywords: Indonesia, communism, PKI, politics INTRODUCTION Communism was the ideology born of Karl Marx. Karl Marx was a philosopher and economist, and political expert. In Indonesia, communists have their history. Before being 'forbidden' after the bloody tragedy in 1965 aka G30S/PKI, communist understanding had developed massively. Communism entered Indonesia pioneered by Hendricus Josephus Fransiscus Marie Sneevliet. Hendricus was a Dutch citizen who came to Indonesia in 1913. Together with Adolf Baars, Hendricus founded the Indische Sociaal Democratische Vereeniging (ISDV). Initially, the organization did not prop up communists but gradually transformed itself into a communist view. (3) After the success of the revolution in Russia, they entered mass organizations to spread this understanding, one of which was Sarekat Islam (SI) led by Semaun. (8)Then SI split into SI Merah and SI Putih. Finally, SI Merah became the Communist Party and rebelled in 1926, 1948 to 1965 which resulted in the fall of Sukarno. Five years later, precisely in 1917, the communist party of Indonesia (PKI) was born. However, the name PKI has not been big because it was created secretly and became a left faction in SI. Historically in Indonesia, the PKI carried out three rebellions. The first rebellion was in 1926. The rebellion failed and the PKI was liberated by the Dutch colonial government. Thousands of people were killed and about 13,000 detained. A total of 1,308 people, mostly party cadres, were sent to Boven Digul, a detention camp in Papua. (12) The underground movement revived the PKI until it returned solidly. In 1948, the PKI launched a second rebellion. The rebellion intended to tear down the Republic of Indonesia and replace it with a communist state. This second attempt again failed. Literature records the third uprising in 1965, again failing. Communism is a failed world ideology. Democracy and capitalism with all their criticisms are much more comfortable and convenient than communism. (17) The nation has for years been haunted by the specter of an obscure communist nose. Anything that smells communist is forbidden, including books. For them, the community in the class structure is one of the reasons for the lack of welfare. (17) With an iron fist, Lenin built a new society. Power under Lenin removed private ownership of all banks, shutting down all productive businesses and markets. He also destroyed the noble class, distributed land to farmers to later turn it into a state cooperative that provoked fierce resistance from farmers, and broke the dominance of religious institutions. In Indonesia, communism is often identified with atheism or not acknowledging the existence of God. The understanding that communism was atheist refers far to Marx's idea that religion is an opiate for society. According to Marx, religion is opium that can dampen pain. For the oppressed, religion is the savior. (11) Religion advises those who are oppressed to be patient in hope and interpret that order as God's way of educating His people. In other words, religion perpetuates order. (4) There is also a criticism of Marx for the religion that makes people submit to the situation. Religion is not empowering. Religion has no revolutionary disposition to change the state of communism. The greatest experiment in the history of humanity to create a just and prosperous society in communism failed miserably. Welfare doesn't manifest. The great shock to international communism occurred in 1991 when the Soviet Union died in silence. The superpower collapsed, destroyed. It is difficult to imagine the closed ideology of communism being able to return to life in the political and economic map between countries that are currently so strongly linked to each other to show that communism is not worthy of being embraced not by the phobia of facing the image of a sledgehammer and closing the public's eyes to the hidden story of the events of 1965, but rather opening the widest space so that the public can get acquainted, discuss, and criticize what communism is. The state should give assurances to the public that discussions around these issues take place safely without the intimidation of dissolution. What the police have to defend is an open discourse in public spaces, not a community that wants to disband those discourse spaces. (18) Deceit never advances a nation. The way to fight stupidity is to fulfill people's right to information. The discussion in the article uses descriptive qualitative theory and analyzes the existing problems. Based on the problems presented above, the stigma of society towards communists who had been in Indonesia influenced the political development that existed in this era of globalization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of the failure of communism in Indonesia to answer the question "What are the consequences that arise from the failure of communism in the G30S PKI incident on political development in Indonesia today?". METHOD The research model used by the author is to use the Literature review method. The use of this method is based on the related situation in which the writing of this article is taken from national and international journal data. The literature review is a research method in which the data of research results are obtained from sources collected from some books, journals, other studies related to the topic of the author's research. This method aims to compare several theories that exist and are relevant to the problems studied as a reference of the results of research discussions. This library review can be used to see what has been done related to the topic being researched. The research in this article is guided by the following research question: What was the beginning and existence of communism in Indonesia and how did the failure of communism in the 20th century affect the political development in the 21st century? To answer the question, the researchers collected several journals related from Google Scholar to answer these questions by analyzing the data obtained. The data analysis techniques in this article use thematic analysis that is, get results by compare (find similarities from some literature), contrast (find differences from some literature), and criticize (give opinions based on the source read). RESULTS Literature Review in this study was conducted to find out the question of how communism began in Indonesia and its existence, and the influence of communist failure in the 20th century on political development in the 21st century. After several journals were collected from several accredited journal sites, 20 journals that supported the research topic of this article were obtained. The results of the 20 journals reviewed as reference articles are journals that discuss the history of communists in Indonesia, eight journals discussing criticism and issues related to the ideology of communism in Indonesia, four journals discussing communism from the point of view of a branch of science, and six journals discussing related to communism and politics in Indonesia. Based on the 20 journals obtained results in general the failure of the Communist Party of Indonesia had an impact on the silence of political rights related to communist ideology. DISCUSSION 1. The Beginning of the Development of Communism in Indonesia The entry of communism in Indonesia was started by a Dutchman named Hedricus Josephus Fransiscus Marie Sneevliet in 1913. He and his colleague Adolf Baars founded an organization called the Indische Social Democratische Vereeniging (ISDV) whose original purpose was not to prop up communists but, over time, became communist. (1) At that time, the Revolution in Russia had a success that led them to spread communist understanding into many mass organizations, one of which was Sarekat Islam (SI) under semaun leadership. SI split into two namely SI Putih and SI Merah which became the Communist Party and carried out several rebellions. In 1917, exactly five years after the existence of SI Merah, the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) was formed.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide to the Asian Collections at the International Institute of Social History
    Guide to the Asian Collections at the International Institute of Social History Emile Schwidder & Eef Vermeij (eds) Guide to the Asian Collections at the International Institute of Social History Emile Schwidder Eef Vermeij (eds) Guide to the Asian Collections at the International Institute of Social History Stichting beheer IISG Amsterdam 2012 2012 Stichting beheer IISG, Amsterdam. Creative Commons License: The texts in this guide are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 license. This means, everyone is free to use, share, or remix the pages so licensed, under certain conditions. The conditions are: you must attribute the International Institute of Social History for the used material and mention the source url. You may not use it for commercial purposes. Exceptions: All audiovisual material. Use is subjected to copyright law. Typesetting: Eef Vermeij All photos & illustrations from the Collections of IISH. Photos on front/backcover, page 6, 20, 94, 120, 92, 139, 185 by Eef Vermeij. Coverphoto: Informal labour in the streets of Bangkok (2011). Contents Introduction 7 Survey of the Asian archives and collections at the IISH 1. Persons 19 2. Organizations 93 3. Documentation Collections 171 4. Image and Sound Section 177 Index 203 Office of the Socialist Party (Lahore, Pakistan) GUIDE TO THE ASIAN COLLECTIONS AT THE IISH / 7 Introduction Which Asian collections are at the International Institute of Social History (IISH) in Amsterdam? This guide offers a preliminary answer to that question. It presents a rough survey of all collections with a substantial Asian interest and aims to direct researchers toward historical material on Asia, both in ostensibly Asian collections and in many others.
    [Show full text]
  • NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM OTOBIOGRAFI KENANG-KENANGAN HIDUP BUYA HAMKA” Benar Karya Asli Saya, Kecuali Kutipan-Kutipan Yang Disebut Sumbernya
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository UIN Sumatera Utara NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM OTOBIOGRAFI KENANG-KENANGAN HIDUP BUYA HAMKA Oleh: Mahlil Harahap NIM: 91214033226 Program Studi PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 SURAT PERNYATAAN Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Mahlil Harahap Nim : 91214033226 Tampat/tgl. Lahir : Sialagundi, 07 Juli 1989 Pekerjaan : Mahasiswa Pascasarjana UIN-SU Medan Alamat : Jl. Sutomo Ujung, No 1 UIN-SU Medan Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa tesis yang berjudul “NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM OTOBIOGRAFI KENANG-KENANGAN HIDUP BUYA HAMKA” benar karya asli saya, kecuali kutipan-kutipan yang disebut sumbernya. Apabila terdapat kesalahan dan kekeliruan di dalamnya, sepenuhnya menjadi tanggungjawab saya. Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sesungguhnya. Medan, 19 Juni 2016 Mahlil Harahap NIM. 91214033226 ii PERSETUJUAN Tesis Berjudul: NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM OTOBIOGRAFI KENANG-KENANGAN HIDUP BUYA HAMKA Oleh: Mahlil Harahap Nim. 91214033226 Dapat disetujui dan disahkan sebagai persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Pendidikan (M.Pd) pada Program Studi Pendidikan Islam Pascasarjana UIN Sumatera Utara Medan, Juni 2016 Pembimbing I Pembimbing II Prof. Dr. Hasan Asari, MA Prof. Dr. Amroeni Drajat, M. Ag NIP.19641102 199003 1 007 NIP.19650212 199403 1 001 iii PENGESAHAN Tesis berjudul “NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM OTOBIOGRAFI KENANG-KENANGAN HIDUP BUYA HAMKA” an. Mahlil Harahap NIM 91214033226 Program Studi Pendidikan Islam telah dimunaqasyahkan dalam Sidang Munaqasyah Pascasarjana UIN-SU Medan pada tanggal 19 Agustus 2016. Tesis ini telah diterima untuk memenuhi syarat memperoleh gelar Master Pendidikan (M.Pd) pada Program Studi Pendidikan Islam.
    [Show full text]
  • Bab Ii. Biografi Tan Malaka
    17 BAB II BIOGRAFI TAN MALAKA Tan Malaka lahir dan hidup dalam kondisi negaranya terjajah baik oleh penjajah kolonial belanda maupun oleh cara berpikir mistik. Berbagai gagasannya walaupun banyak dipengaruhi oleh alam pemikiran Barat namun ia tidak lupa dengan budaya negaranya sendiri sehingga ia tidak menerapkan gagasannya ke dalam alam ke-Indonesia-an dengan menyamakan dengan kondisi dan alam pikiran Barat namun disaring secara kritis dan dinamis dan ditafsiri ulang guna menyesuaikan dengan realitas bangsa Indonesia. Dialektika merupakan salah satu dobrakan gagasan beliau di dalam upayanya untuk mengubah pola pikir masyarakat Indonesia yang cenderung berbau klenik menjadi logis-dialektis. Untuk melengkapi penelitian ini, terlebih dahulu penulis mengupas beberapa karya, latar belakang hidup dan dialektika Tan Malaka. A. Riwayat Hidup Sutan Ibrahim gelar Datoek Tan Malaka, yang lebih dikenal sebagai Tan Malaka lahir di Suluki, Nagari Pandan Gadang, Sumatera Barat dengan nama Ibrahim. Menurut Harry A. Peoze, seorang ahli sejarah dan guru besar berkebangsaan Belanda mengatakan bahwa, tahun kelahiran Tan Malaka secara tepat tidak diketahui karena pada waktu itu memang belum ada Register (daftar) penduduk bagi orang Indonesia. 17 18 Poeze cenderung untuk menganggap tahun 1894 sebagai tahun kelahiran Tan Malaka yang paling tepat, melihat fakta bahwa pada tahun 1903 ia mengikuti pendidikan di sekolah rendah. Maka, dapatlah ditarik kesimpulan bahwa ketika itu ia berusia kurang lebih 6 tahun. 1 Tan Malaka menyatakan bahwa keluarganya beragama
    [Show full text]
  • Abidin Dan Soeprapto, 2006. Penggemukan Sapi Potong
    Abidin dan Soeprapto, 2006. Penggemukan Sapi Potong. Jakarta: Agro Media Pustaka Andiwawan. 2010. Mengenal Sapi. http://andiwawantonra.blogs.com/2010/02/mengenal-sapi- bali.html, Diakses pada tanggal 1 Oktober 2012. Badan Pusat Statistik. 2014. Kabupaten Kampar Dalam Angka, Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Riau. Pekanbaru Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Riau. 2013. Riau Dalam Angka, Badan Pusat statistik. Dinas Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan, Provinsi Riau. Pekanbaru. Blakely, J dan D.H. Bede. 1992. Ilmi Peternakan. Gajah mada University Press, Yokyakarta. Dinas Peternakan Provinsi Riau. 1998. Buku Pintar Peternakan. Dinas Peternakan Provinsi Riau. Pekanbaru. Dinas Peternakan. 1998. Pedoman Beternak Sapi. Dinas Peternakan Provinsi Riau. Pekanbaru. Dinas Peternakan Provinsi Riau. 2003. Pedoman Beternak Sapi. Dinas Peternakan Provinsi Riau. Pekanbaru. Dinas Peternakan Provinsi Riau. 2010. Statistik Peternakan Riau.Dinas Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Riau. Pekanbaru. Ernafita, S. 2011. Profil dan Pengetahuan Serta Kemampuan Peternak dalam Mengelola Reproduksi Ternak Kerbau Betina Di Kecamatan Salo Kabupaten Kampar. Uin Suska Riau. Febriansyah. 2009. Penampilan dan Produksi Reproduksi Sapi Perah di Kecamatan Boyolali. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakanan Universitas Padjadjaran. Bandung. Feradis. 2009. Sarana Usaha Peternakan. UR Press. Pekanbaru. Feradis.2010. Bioteknologi Reproduksi Ternak. Alfabeta. Bandung. Feradis.2010. Reproduksi Ternak. Alfabeta. Bandung. Hartono. 2008. Statistik Untuk Penelitian. Pustaka Pelajar. Pekanbaru Hardjosubroto, W dan Astuti JM. 1993. Buku Pintar Peternakan. PT Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. Jakarta. Hernanto, F. 1991. IImu Usahatani. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. Ihsan A.K. 1992. Budidaya Ternak Sapi Perah. Angkasa. Jakarta . Ilyas, A.Z. dan Leksmono, C.S. 1995. Pengembangan dan Perbaikan Ternak Sapi di Indonesia. Jakarta. Jacob T.N. 1994. Budidaya Ternak Potong. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. Kusumawati Y. 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of Politically Conscious Indonesian Teachers in Public Schools, 1930–42*
    Kyoto University The Making of Politically Conscious Indonesian Teachers in Public Schools, 1930–42* Agus Suwignyo** This paper deals with the emergence of political consciousness among Indonesian teachers and students in public Dutch-Indonesian teacher training schools (Hollands Inlandse Kweekschool, HIK) during the last colonial decade up to the beginning of the Japanese occupation in 1942. Most of the Indonesian teachers and students, who pursued careers and education respectively in government schools, had initially embarked from personal expectations of upward economic mobility. Yet, in the course of the 1930s, they grew in deliberate willingness and perception to engage in a wider scope of social dynamics without limiting themselves to the area of power politics. In this paper, the manner in which these students and teachers gave mean- ing to their daily lives inside and outside of school is identified and analyzed as the factor that critically contributed to the emergence of political consciousness among them. Although the transformation that the teachers underwent in their view of school education was a radical leap when seen from the perspective of the Indonesia- centric historiography of the 1930s, it did not actually show a process of transforma- tive pedagogy. The sense of citizenship that the teachers shared in the 1930s, albeit a dramatic shift from the motivation that had originally propelled them, did not reflect the notion of public education as an independent practice of cultural upbring- ing irrelevant to the state and state-formation ideology. Keywords: Indonesian teachers, the 1930s, Critical Pedagogy, political consciousness Introduction Existing studies on the relationship between Western education and changes in Indone- sian society in the early twentieth century feature the education of schoolteachers in the * Part of this paper was originally the author’s dissertation “The Breach in the Dike: Regime change and the standardization of public primary-school teacher training in Indonesia, 1893– 1969” (Leiden University 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Guerrilla Warfare and the Indonesian Strategic Psyche
    Small Wars Journal www.smallwarsjournal.com Guerrilla Warfare and the Indonesian Strategic Psyche Emmet McElhatton “While this sultan was sitting in audience, I saw a man with a knife in his hand resembling a book-binders’ tool. He put this knife to his own neck, and delivered a long speech which I did not understand, then gripped it with both hands and cut his own throat. So sharp was the knife and so strong his grip that his head fell to the ground. I was amazed at his action. The sultan said to me, ‘Does anyone do this in your country?’ I replied ‘I have never seen such a thing.’ Then he laughed and said ‘These are our slaves, who kill themselves for love of us’… One of those present at this audience told me that the speech made by the man was a declaration of his affection for the sultan, and that he was slaying himself for love of him, as his father had slain himself for love of the sultan’s father, and his grandfather for the love of the sultan’s grandfather. Thereafter I withdrew from the audience.” -Ibn Battuta, A Declaration of Affection for the Sultan of Mul-Jawa, 1349.1 To Ibn Battuta, the great Islamic traveller and, to borrow an idea from Isaiah Berlin, one of the most civilised men of his or any other age, the evident culture of Java was a highly perplexing thing indeed demanding much long, and preferably distant, rumination. Throughout the ages of exploration, colonialism and internationalism, the Spice Islands, that archipelagic peppering of lands that sweeps from the Malay Peninsula to the lip of the Pacific basin, have always appeared that bit more oriental – obscurer, darker, more esoteric – to Western2 eyes than the other civilisations of the Far Eastern world.
    [Show full text]
  • MILITERISASI SEJARAH INDONESIA: PERAN NASUTION Oleh Asvi Warman Adam
    MILITERISASI SEJARAH INDONESIA: PERAN NASUTION Oleh Asvi Warman Adam Sejarah militer memiliki usia yang sangat panjang. Bukankah salah satu teks sejarah lama Histoire de la guerre du Peloponnese[1] (Sejarah Perang Peloponesos) yang ditulis Thucydide abad ke-5 merupakan sejarah militer. Di Perancis setelah tahun 1870 minat terhadap sejarah militer meningkat pertama, dalam rangka mengenang kemenangan tentara terhadap musuh dan kedua, pentingnya pengkajian strategi militer. Yayasan La Sabretache yang didirikan untuk mengumpulkan benda-benda yang berhubungan kemiliteran menjadi cikal bakal Museum Tentara di Perancis tahun 1896.[2] Tentunya militer tidak berhubungan perang saja tetapi juga berkaitan dengan aspek lain seperti timbulnya sentimen kebangsaan. Eugene Weber mengungkapkan justeru nasionalisme di kalangan petani Perancis berkembang awal abad XX ketika wajib militer diadakan[3]. Mungkin orang beranggapan nasionalisme Perancis sudah berkembang sejak abad ke-18 dengan pecahnya Revolusi Perancis tahun 1789. Pada masyarakat petani Perancis ternyata nasionalisme muncul lebih belakangan. Sejarah militer yang berasal dari “dapur” (foyer) [4]militer tentu menekankan stabilitas dan keamanan negara. Tidak ada masalah kalau sejarah ini ditujukan secara khusus kepada kalangan sendiri. Persoalan baru timbul bila sejarah militer ini dipaksakan untuk diajarkan di sekolah. Dengan kata lain, dilakukan militerisasi sejarah dengan menekankan pentingnya operasi militer dalam penumpasan pemberontakan misalnya. Pada buku pelajaran sekolah semasa Orde Baru, operasi penumpasan PRRI dan pemberontakan lainnya diuraikan secara rinci termasuk mencantumkan nama para komandan yang memimpin masing-masing operasi. Untuk membantah pandangan bahwa gerakan militer yang dikenal sebagai peristiwa 17 Oktober 1952 termasuk pemberontakan diberikan penjelasan yang panjang oleh pelaku sejarah yakni Jenderal Nasution. Latar belakang Nasution ? Abdul Haris Nasution lahir di kampung Huta-Pungkut, Mandailing, 3 Desember 1918.
    [Show full text]
  • Studi Kasus Di Ruas Jalan Taman Simpang Kandis Kota Bengkulu)
    Analisa Simpang Tak Bersinyal (Studi Kasus Di Ruas Jalan Taman Simpang Kandis Kota Bengkulu) Rima S1, Endri Agustomi2, Elly Tri Pujiastutie 3 Email: [email protected] Abstract Intersection are knots in transportation network where two or more roads meet, in this area conflict is occurred, law of traffic are applied to handle this conflict to make sure who gets the priority to use the intersection first. Control Intersection make use of maximum capacity of the intersection, reducing and preventing accidents by reducing the number of conflicts. This research intend to analyse the traffic and calculate traffic flow at Taman Simpang Kandis road. To get data for this research purpose can get done by using direct observation, and count number of vehicle that passed the four arms intersection and three arms intersection. The result of this survey categorized by light vehicle, heavy vehicle, motorcycle, and non-motorized vehicle. Four arms intersection performance analysed by observe capacity, saturation degree, delay, queue chance is still below the standard based on MKIJI 1997. The best alternative for the four arms intersection are by combining installation the “prohibited to stop“ road sign and change 2 lanes with 2 directions to four arms intersection with 2 lanes and 1 direction. Three arms intersection performance analysed by observe capacity, saturation degree, delay, queue chance is still below the standard based on MKIJI 1997. The best alternative for this three arms intersection are by prohibited to turn left from Rustandi Sugianto 1 road and prohibited to turn right form Rustandi Sugianto 2 road where can make vehicle stacked on side of that road.
    [Show full text]
  • Konflik Politik Dalam Pergerakan Sarekat Islam 1926
    LITERASI Volume 5 No. 2, Desember 2015 Halaman 216 – 232 KONFLIK POLITIK DALAM PERGERAKAN SAREKAT ISLAM 1926 POLITICAL CONFLICT IN THE SAREKAT ISLAM MOVEMENT OF 1926 Retno Winarni dan Mrr. Ratna Endang Widuatie Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Jember Pos-el: [email protected] Abstrak Artikel ini mendiskusikan konflik politik dalam pergerakan Sarekat Islam 1926. Fokus kajian adalah bagaimana terjadinya konflik politik dalam pergerakan Sarekat Islam, faktor yang melatarbelakangi, dan dampaknya. Hasill kajian menunjukkan bahwa konflik disebabkan perbedaan ideologi perjuangan antara kelompok Semaun dengan kelompok Cokroaminoto. Kelompok Semaun membawa ideologi komunis yang kemudian dikenal dengan sebutan SI Merah dan mengambil jalan noncooperative, sedangkan kelompok Cokroaminoto dengan nama SI Putih dan memilih strategi cooperatif dengan pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Konflik ini menimbulkan perpecahan dalam tubuh organisasi Sarekat Islam dan akhirnya kelompok SI Merah memisahkan diri dan bergabung dengan Partai Komunis Hindia. Sementara itu, tokoh-tokoh SI Putih, antara lain Cokroaminoto mengumumkan kebijakan partai dengan melarang seseorang memasuki organisasi politik lebih dari satu. Kata kunci: konflik, politik, Sarekat Islam Merah, Sarekat Islam Putih Abstract This article discusses the political conflict in the movement of 1926. The focus of research is how did the political conflict in the movement of the SI occur, what factors were behind the conflict, and what impact did it bring. This study revealed that the conflict was caused by ideological differences between Semaun group and Tjokroaminoto group. The Semaun group promoted a communist ideology which was later known as the Red Sarekat Islam and took a non-cooperative path, while the Tjokroaminoto group or White SI chose a cooperative strategy with the Dutch government.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the History of Indonesian Nationalism
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2021 Developing Identity: Exploring The History Of Indonesian Nationalism Thomas Joseph Butcher University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Asian History Commons, and the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Butcher, Thomas Joseph, "Developing Identity: Exploring The History Of Indonesian Nationalism" (2021). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 1393. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1393 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEVELOPING IDENTITY: EXPLORING THE HISTORY OF INDONESIAN NATIONALISM A Thesis Presented by Thomas Joseph Butcher to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Specializing in History May, 2021 Defense Date: March 26, 2021 Thesis Examination Committee: Erik Esselstrom, Ph.D., Advisor Thomas Borchert, Ph.D., Chairperson Dona Brown, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College Abstract This thesis examines the history of Indonesian nationalism over the course of the twentieth century. In this thesis, I argue that the country’s two main political leaders of the twentieth century, Presidents Sukarno (1945-1967) and Suharto (1967-1998) manipulated nationalist ideology to enhance and extend their executive powers. The thesis begins by looking at the ways that the nationalist movement originated during the final years of the Dutch East Indies colonial period.
    [Show full text]
  • PERKEMBANGAN SISTEM PEWARISAN TANAH DATI DI AMBON NOVYTA UKTOLSEJA ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga 2
    ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Filosofis konsep Masyarakat hukum adat merupakan masyarakat dengan bentuk kommunal. Masyarakat kommunal merupakan masyarakat dimana segala bidang kehidupan diliputi oleh kebersamaan. Masyarakat adat menunjukkan hubungan antar personal dan proses interaksi sosial yang terjadi antar manusia tersebut menimbulkan pola-pola tertentu yang disebut dengan cara a uniform or customary of behaving within a social group.1 Masyarakat hukum adat yang mendiami seluruh wilayah Indonesia sudah ada sejak jaman nenek moyang sampai saat ini. Masyarakat hukum adat disebut juga masyarakat tradisional diartikan sebagai masyarakat hukum adat yang hidup dengan berbagai peraturan kebiasaan yang dipertahankan dalam pergaulan hidup dalam masyarakat adat. Istilah masyarakat adat dan istilah masyarakat hukum adat memiliki sejarah dan pemaknaan yang berbeda. Istilah masyarakat hukum adat dilahirkan dan digunakan oleh pakar hukum adat, yang lebih banyak difungsikan untuk keperluan teoritik akademis. Istilah tersebut digunakan untuk memberi identitas kepada golongan pribumi yang memiliki sistem dan tradisi hukum sendiri, untuk membedakannya dengan golongan Eropa dan Timur jauh yang memiliki sistem dan tradisi hukum tertulis. Sejak tahun 1 Theodorson Dalam Soerjono Soekanto, Hukum Adat Indonesia, Rajawali Press, Jakarta, 2005, h. 67. 1 Disertasi PERKEMBANGAN SISTEM PEWARISAN TANAH DATI DI AMBON NOVYTA UKTOLSEJA ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga 2 1990-an penggunaan istilah masyarakat
    [Show full text]
  • Pengaruh Komunis Indonesia Dalam Pergerakan Awal Komunis Di Tanah Melayu
    SEMINAR INTERNASIONAL INDONESIA-MALAYSIA UPDATE 2008 di UGM Indonesia 27-29 Mei 2008 Pengaruh Komunis Indonesia Dalam Pergerakan Awal Komunis di Tanah Melayu Dr. Ho Hui Ling Jabatan Sejarah Fakulti Sastera dan Sains Sosial Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur [email protected] Pendahuluan Perkembangan komunis di Indonesia berlaku lebih awal daripada di Tanah Melayu. Pergerakan komunis di Indonesia telah bermula pada tahun 1914 dan Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) telah ditubuhkan pada tahun 1920. Manakala, gerakan komunis di Tanah Melayu mula dikesan pada awal tahun 1920-an dan Parti Komunis Malaya (PKM) pula hanya ditubuhkan pada tahun 1930. Di Tanah Melayu, selain daripada pengaruh komunis yang dibawa masuk oleh orang Cina dari negara China, terdapat juga pengaruh komunis yang datang dari Indonesia dalam perkembangan gerakan komunis di negeri-negeri Melayu. Pengaruh komunis Indonesia ini adalah bermula pada awal tahun 1920- an dengan kehadiran pemimpin komunis Indonesia seperti Semaun dan Alimin. Selepas tahun 1926 semakin ramai pemimpin komunis Indonesia yang hadir di negeri-negeri Melayu dengan pelbagai aktiviti bagi melebarkan pengaruh komunis di kalangan penduduk tempatan di situ. Dengan itu, kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh komunis Indonesia dalam pergerakan komunis di Tanah Melayu khasnya dalam usaha untuk menyebarkan pengaruh komunis di kalangan masyarakat tempatan di negeri-negeri Melayu. Kehadiran pemimpin komunis Indonesia di negeri-negeri Melayu seperti di Singapura, Johor, Perak Utara, Kedah dan Pulau Pinang dalam usaha mengembangkan pengaruh komunis turut dibicarakan. Dalam hal ini 1 www.gama-network.com SEMINAR INTERNASIONAL INDONESIA-MALAYSIA UPDATE 2008 di UGM Indonesia 27-29 Mei 2008 juga, kertas kerja ini akan melihat sejauh manakah komunis Indonesia itu berjaya dalam menyebarkan pengaruh komunis di negeri-negeri Melayu sehingga terbentuknya PKM pada April 1930.
    [Show full text]