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Tempskya and Their Stratigraphic Significance

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Tempskya and Their Stratigraphic Significance North American Species of Tempskya and Their Stratigraphic Significance GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 874 North American Species of Tempskya and Their Stratigraphic Significance By SIDNEY R. ASH and CHARLES B. READ With a section on STRATIGRAPHY AND AGE OF THE TEMPSKYA-BEARING ROCKS OF SOUTHERN HIDALGO COUNTY, NEW MEXICO By ROBERT A. ZELLER, JR. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 874 A description of two new species of the Early Cretaceous tree fern Tempskya and a discussion of the characters and distribution of the other North American species UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Ash, Sidney R 1928- North American species of Tempskya and their stratigraphic significance. (Geological Survey professional paper ; 87 4) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.16:874 1. Tempskya. 2. Paleobotany-Cretaceous. 3. Paleobotany-New Mexico--Hidalgo Co. 4. Paleobotany­ North America. 5. Geology, Stratigraphic-Cretaceous. I. Read, Charles Brian, 1907- joint author. II. Title. III. Series: United States. Geological Survey. Professional paper ; 874. QE965.A83 561'.73 75-619201 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington D.C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-0732-1 CONTENTS Page Page Albstract ---------------------------------------- 1 Stratigraphy and age of the Tempskya-bearing rocks Introduction ____________________________________ _ 1 of southern Hidalgo County, New Mexico, by AlcR:nowledgments ____________________________ - ___ _ 2 Robert Al. Zeller, Jr ----------------------------- 16 History of investigations of Tempskya -------------- 2 Introduction ________________________ --------- 16 Occurrences of Tempskya in the United States ______ _ 6 Cretaceous stratigraphy _________________ - ___ -- 17 In-place specimens --------------------------- 6 Rocky Mountain geosyncline --------------­ 6 Late Allbian biota in the Mojado Formation 18 Blackleaf Formation -----------------·- 6 Biota in the type Mojado Formation in Colorado Group (undifferentiated) ____ _ 6 Mojado Pass --------------------------­ 20 Wayan Formation -------------------­ 9 Biota in the Mojado Formation of the 9 Aspen Shale ------------------------­ Alnimas Mountains ---------------------­ 21 Thermopolis Shale -------------------­ tO Conclusions rzgarding the age of the biota __ 22 Willow Tank Formation -------------- 10 Cedar Mountain Formation ___________ _ 11 Systematic descriptions --------------------------- 22 Burro Canyon Formation ____________ _ 12 Tempskya reesidei Ash and Read, n. sp ________ _ 25 Dakota Sandstone -------------------- 12 Tempskya zelleri Ash and Read, n. sp ----------­ 28 Mexican geosyncline ---------------------­ 13 Comparisons of the species of Tempskya ------------- 31 13 Mojado Formation -------------------­ 33 Altlantic Coastal Plain -------------------­ 13 Synopsis ----------------------------------------- Patapsco Formation ------------------- 13 Selected references _________ ---___ ---------------- 36 Reworked specimens __________________________ _ 14 Index ------------------------------------------- 41 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates follow index I PLATES 1-4. Tempskya reesidei Ash and Read, n. sp. 5-7. Tempskya zelleri Ash and Read, n. sp. 8. Tempskya knowltoni Seward. 9. Tempskya minor Read and Brown. 10. Tempskya grandis Read and Brown. 11. Tempskya wyomingensis Arnold. 12. Tempskya wesselli Arnold. 13. Tempskya superba Arnold. Page FIGURE 1. Reconstruction of Tempskya rossica by Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughn -------------------------------­ 4 2. Reconstruction of Tempskya by Andrews and Kern ------------------------------------------------­ 5 3. Index map of the United States showing general location of occurrences of Tempskya spp -----------­ 7 4. Correlation chart of parts of the Cretaceous system in the United States showing rock sequences where Tempskya spp. have been reported ----------------------------------------------------------­ 8 5. Index and topographic map of part of southwestern New Mexico showing known exposures of the Mojado Formation, Tempskya localities, and the type sections of the several Cretaceous formations mentioned in this report -----------------_____________________________________________________________ _ 16 6. Stratigraphic sections of the Mojado Formation --------------------------------------------------­ 19 7-11. Drawings: 7. Cross section of the false trunk of Tempskya reesidei n. sp --------------------------------- 27 8. Reconstruction of the basal part of the false trunk of Tempskya reesidei n. sp ---------------- 28 9. Cross sections of the false trunk of Ten'"pskya reesidei n. sp __ ---------------------------- 29 10. Cross section of the false trunk of Tempskya zelleri n. sp ---------------------------------- 30 11. Diagrammatic sketches of the well-known species of Tempskya ---------------------------- 34 III NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES O·F TEMPSKYA AND THEIR STRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE By SIDNEY R. AsH and CHARLES B. READ ABSTRACT Additional study, however, now indicates that the Two new species of the fossil tree fern Tempskya-T. reesidei species actually differs from all others, and it is and T. zelleri-are described in this report. Both are from the described as Tempskya zelleri n. sp. in this report. Lower Cretaceous Mojado Formation of Hidalgo County, N. During the 1955 field trip, Zeller pointed out that Mex., and are associated with marine invertebrates that date the specimens of Tempskya were associated with them quite adequately. T. reesidei is somewhat smaller than, but reminiscent of, T. grandis, whereas T. zelleri appears to many marine invertebrates. A few collections of the be related to the group that is characterized by T. knowltoni. invertebrates were made and sent to the late John B. The report also contains a history of the investigations of Reeside, Jr., for study. Later in 1955, and from then Tempskya and a resume of the 43 reported occurrences of until his death in July 1958, there was active cor­ Tempskya in the United States. In-place occurrence of the respondence between the authors of this report and genus Tempskya in the United States now total 34; all but one are from west of the Mississippi River, and most of them are Reeside concerning the nature of the occurrence and in strata in the Rocky Mountain area. In addition, rocks of the .age of the containing strata. In the spring of Late Cretaceous or Cenozoic age, particularly, contain much 1956, Reeside visited the localities in Hidalgo County reworked Tempskya material, once again in the Western and m·ade additional collections of the invertebrates. United States. As indicated elsewhere in this report, he concluded, In-place occurrences of the genus Tempskya seem to be main­ ly in rocks of latest Early Cretaceous (Albian) age, as on the basis of the marine fossils, that the contain­ indicated by the associated invertebrate fossils. The age of a ing rocks are Early Cretaceous (Albian) in age. few of these localities, however, is still questioned by some Continued correspondence between Reeside .and observers. Read led to speculation that all the American occur­ rences of the genus Tempskya may be in Albian INTRODUCTION strata. Unfortunately, before Dr. Reeside's death, it In 1955, Robert A. Zeller, Jr., of the State Bureau was impossible for the junior author of this report to go into the details of the many occurrences. How­ of Mine~ and Mineral Resources Division of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, showed ever, early in 1959, a detailed study of the new the junior author of the present report a peculiar species from the Big Hatchet Mountains began, specimen of obviously organic origin in an effort to together with the assembling of data on American obtain an approximate generic identification. The occurrences in general. specimen was a poorly preserved cast in fine-grained Later in 1959, Robert A. Zeller obtained additional sandstone. Read expressed the opinion that the specimens of Tetnpskya in similar Cretaceous marine specimen might be a fragment of the enigmatic fern strata on the eastern flanks of the Animas Moun­ genus Tempskya rather than a sponge which it tains, Hidalgo County, N. Mex. These specimens superficially resembled. Later in 1955, the junior were determined to belong to a second new species, author accompanied Carle H. Dane, of the U.S. here to be named and described as Tempskya Geological Survey, and Zeller to the locality in the reesidei. In 1960, the authors of this report visited southern part of the Big Hatchet Mountain area, the locality with Zeller and collected a considerable Hidalgo County, N. Mex., where the fossil had been quantity of material, including additional pieces of obtained. On that trip, many well-preserved speci­ the false trunk of the holotype and of the paratype ments of Tempskya were collected. At first (Zeller as shown in figure 8. and Read, 1956), these specimens were thought to It was then decided to reevaluate the various be examples of Tempskya ';ninor Read and Brown. species of Tempskya that are known in the United 1 2 NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF TEMPSKY A States, both as regards their morphologic charac­ invertebrate fossils, and their contributions are teristics and also the stratigraphic occurrences. The acknowledged with thanks. They include Norman F. principal product of the study is this report, al­ Sohl, who studied the gastropods; Ruth Todd,
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