OFFICERS for 1944 University, Eugene S

MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ARTS AND PAPERS OF THE MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF LETTERS SCIENCE ARTS AND LETTERS EDITORS VOLUME XXX (1944) EUGENE S. MCCARTNEY HENRY VAN DER SCHALIE CONTAINING PAPERS SUBMITTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING IN 1944 VOLUME XXX (1944) “Pusilla res mundus est nisi in illo quod quaerat omnis mundus habeat.” VOLUME XXX IS AVAILABLE IN FOUR PARTS: —SENECA, Naturales Quaestiones PART I: BOTANY AND FORESTRY ANN ARBOR: THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PART II: ZOOLOGY 1945 PART III: GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY All rights reserved COPYRIGHT, 1945, PART IV: GENERAL SECTION BY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NTHROPOLOGY CONOMICS A , E Set up and printed, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE August, 1945 MEDICAL SCIENCE, SOCIOLOGY Published September, 1945 he annual volumes of Papers of the Michigan PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY THE PLIMPTON PRESS · NORWOOD · MASS. T Academy of Science, Arts and Letters are issued under the joint direction of the Council of the Academy and of the University of Michigan Press. The editor for the Academy is Henry van der Schalie; for the OFFICERS FOR 1944 University, Eugene S. McCartney. PRESIDENT, Leigh J. Young, University of Michigan VICE-PRESIDENT, Gerald W. Prescott, Albion College, Albion Before the inauguration of the present series in 1922 the SECRETARY, Frederick K. Sparrow, Jr., University of Michigan Academy published twenty-two volumes under the title TREASURER, Mischa Titiev, University of Michigan Annual Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. EDITOR, Henry van der Schalie, University of Michigan Volumes 1, 7, 19, 21, and 22 are out of print. Copies of LIBRARIAN, Warner Rice, University of Michigan the other volumes are still available for distribution and SECTION CHAIRMEN will be sent on exchange as long as the editions last. Applications for copies should be made to the University ANTHROPOLOGY, James B. Griffin, University of Michigan of Michigan Press. BOTANY, F. G. Gustafson, University of Michigan ECONOMICS, O. Ulrey, Michigan State College, East Lansing The Annual Reports which are now being published FINE ARTS, Avard Fairbanks, University of Michigan contain the proceedings of the Academy. Applications FOLKLORE, Ruth Barnes, Michigan State Normal College, for copies should be addressed to the Librarian of the Ypsilanti University of Michigan. FORESTRY, R. I. Bird, Michigan State Forest Fire Experiment Station, Roscommon Volumes XXIV-XXX are also issued in four parts, in GEOGRAPHY, W. Garstka, Soil Conservation Service, East paper covers. The contents and the prices of these Lansing parts and the prices of all volumes in the series are listed GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY, Rex Grant, Geological Survey, at the end of this volume. Orders for volumes and Lansing requests for detailed book lists of other University of HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, John Alden, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio Michigan publications should be sent to the University of LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, Waldemar Johnson, Detroit Michigan Press. LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, Claude Newlin, Michigan State College, East Lansing MATHEMATICS, G. G. Speeker, Michigan State College, East Lansing PHILOSOPHY, Rev. E. C. Garvey, Assumption College, Windsor, Ontario PSYCHOLOGY, O. L. Crissey, Flint SANITARY AND MEDICAL SCIENCE, G. R. Sharpless, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit SOCIOLOGY, L. C. Kercher, Western Michigan College of EDUCATION, Kalamazoo ZOOLOGY, Karl Lagler, University of Michigan Selections from Papers of the MASAL--Vol. 30 – Page 1 of 61 CONTENTS Fig. 2. Form of bundle bands in Blechnum zamioides.............5 Fig. 3. Two cross sections of a solenostele, showing change in BOTANY configuration within a distance of 6 mm ...........................7 SILICIFIED PLANT REMAINS FROM THE MESOZOIC AND Fig. 4. Sketches showing departure of leaf-trace supply.........8 TERTIARY OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA I. FERNS. Chester A. Arnold.............................................................. 2 ZOOLOGY ZOOLOGY WILSON: Figs. 1-3. Contour maps showing present, original, and high- MORE DATA ON DEPRESSION INDIVIDUALITY IN DOUGLAS level basins of Douglas Lake, Michigan .........................26 LAKE, MICHIGAN. Paul S. Welch ...................................... 22 Fig. 4. Cross-section profiles showing relationship of the three A STUDY OF THE SEDIMENT IN DOUGLAS LAKE, CHEBOYGAN stages of the Douglas Lake basin ..................................28 COUNTY, MICHIGAN. Ira T. Wilson ................................... 25 Fig. 5. Average hemisections of depressions in Douglas Lake GEOGRAPHY .......................................................................................30 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MAPPING AND THE WAR. Talbert GEOLOGY Abrams ............................................................................ 35 HOBBS: GEOLOGY Fig. 1. Sketch showing conditions that obtain wherever glacio- fluvial deposits are laid down off the front of a continental THE ORIGIN OF THE GUMBOTILS OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI glacier ............................................................................41 VALLEY. William Herbert Hobbs...................................... 41 Fig. 2. Map showing the wind directions of the Illinoian glacier ANTHROPOLOGY and over the post-Kansan gumbotil................................41 THE HOPEWELLIAN IN THE DETROIT-WINDSOR AREA. Fig. 3. Profile showing position of Illinoian loess ...................42 Emerson F. Greenman.................................................... 43 Fig. 4. Sections showing deposits of loess and till ................42 CERAMIC COLLECTIONS FROM TWO SOUTH CAROLINA SITES. James B. Griffin............................................................... 47 A CERAMIC STUDY OF THE RIVIÈRE AU VASE SITE IN SILICIFIED PLANT REMAINS FROM SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN. Victoria G. Harper ................ 53 THE MESOZOIC AND TERTIARY OF RESTORATION OF FLAKES ON A QUARTZITE IMPLEMENT. WESTERN NORTH AMERICA Marion L. Hrebek............................................................. 58 I. FERNS CHESTER A. ARNOLD ILLUSTRATIONS INTRODUCTION PLATES HE silicified plant remains of the Mesozoic and BOTANY TTertiary of western North America have offered many opportunities for paleobotanical research, which often ARNOLD: Pls. I-XI. Silicified plant remains from the Mesosoic have been neglected. Although the scarcity of properly and Tertiary of North America ........................................15 trained investigators has been partly responsible for this GEOGRAPHY neglect, a more important element has been the prevailing notion that the material consists only of the ABRAMS: Pls. I-IV. Instruments for photogrammetric mapping .. .......................................................................38 secondary wood of gymnosperms and dicotyledons which is so difficult to identify that the effort expended ANTHROPOLOGY would not be justified by the results obtained. Another GREENMAN: Pls. I-II. Vessels, pipes, and implements from deterrent, and one of a practical nature, is that most of Hopewellian components and sites ................................46 these woods are as hard as quartz, and the preparation of thin sections suitable for study requires labor, GRIFFIN: Pls. I-II. Pottery fragments from Thom’s Creek and patience, persistence, and a certain minimum of skill. In Cut-Off Island, South Carolina........................................52 addition, properly constructed cutting equipment must be HREBEK: Pl. I. Stages in the flaking of a quartzite blade........60 available when any amount of material is to be studied. Cellulose peels, which have been widely used within FIGURES IN THE TEXT recent years for coal-ball petrifactions, cannot always be successfully made from silicified plants because the BOTANY etching process often destroys the tissue structure. It is ARNOLD: only in woods, usually those with a very dark color, in which the cell walls have retained much of their original Fig. 1. Bundle distribution in Eorhachis lomarioides and organic content, that the intercellular and intracellular Blechnum zamioides ........................................................5 Selections from Papers of the MASAL--Vol. 30 – Page 2 of 61 silica can be dissolved away without the structure Hill, Mr. J. W. Berry, Mrs. Ethel Smith, Mr. H. Timmel, suffering severe damage. The brighter and more Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Dennler, Mr. George Futa, Mr. Fred brilliantly colored woods are usually without much cell Salfisberg, and the late Mr. Louis Wessel. structure, and they cannot often be successfully studied even in ground preparations. I. AN OSMUNDITES FROM CENTRAL Regardless of the technical difficulties that may be OREGON encountered in studying silicified plant remains, some spectacular results have been achieved, as is shown by To date only two structurally preserved stems of the investigations of Lester F. Ward and George R. Osmundites have been reported from North America. O. Wieland on the cycadeoids of the Black Hills and skidegatensis was described by Penhallow (16) from the Freezeout Mountain regions of South Dakota and Lower Cretaceous of the Queen Charlotte Islands in Wyoming. In this group of extinct plants the vegetative 1902, and in 1941 Daugherty (10) described O. walkeri and reproductive structures have been analyzed to a from the Triassic of Arizona. The discovery of a third degree of completeness approaching that of Recent specimen in the Tertiary of Oregon is of special interest species. Then there are other instances, on a much in that it supplies evidence,

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