Zoosyst. Evol. 88 (1) 2012, 97–124 / DOI 10.1002/zoos.201200010

The primary types of Mantispidae (Neuropterida) in the Museum fr Naturkunde, Berlin – An annotated catalogue

Michael Ohl*

Museum fr Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut fr Evolutions- und Biodiversittsforschung an der Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany

Abstract

Received 3 October 2011 Nomenclatural and taxonomic data are provided for 63 nominal species-group taxa of Accepted 5 October 2011 Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), whose primary types are in the Museum fr Natur- Published 16 March 2012 kunde, Berlin, formerly known as Zoologisches Museum Berlin (ZMB). Brief biblio- graphical data are given for all collectors of type specimens. Species of mantispids with types in the ZMB have been described by Touissant de Charpentier, Wilhelm Fer- dinand Erichson, Hermann Julius Kolbe, Hermann Stitz, Eduard Handschin, and the author of this paper. For all authors of mantispid species (except for M. Ohl), a biogra- phy and some information on their scientific contributions to the systematics and tax- onomy of Mantispidae as well as portraits are given. Lectotype designations are made for the following 20 nominal species-group taxa: Mantispilla bicolor Stitz, Mantispilla indica ceylanica Stitz, Mantispa chalybea Erichson, Mantispa decorata Erichson, Man- tispa dorsalis Erichson, Climaciella habutsuella fasciata Stitz, Mantispa irrorata Erich- son, Climaciella rubescens laciniata Stitz, Climaciella habutsuella maculata Stitz, Mantispilla formosana major Stitz, Mantispilla formosana minor Stitz, Mantispa varia Erichson, Mantispa prolixa Erichson, Mantispilla punctata Stitz, Mantispilla formosana sumatrana Stitz, Mantispa tenella Erichson, Climaciella rubescens unicolor Stitz, Mantispa varia Erichson, Mantispa viridis Stitz, and Mantispa viridula Erichson. A lectotype has not been fixed for Mantispa christiana Charpentier, because the status of the four specimens in the ZMB is dubious. The unique-name bearing holotypes of the remaining 42 nominal taxa have been validly fixed by the actions of previous authors or by automatic provisions of the code. All primary types of mantispid species, which Key Words are supposed to be deposited in the ZMB based on the original were located and stud- ied individually, except for the following: two of the dubious syntypes of Mantispa Neuroptera christiana Charpentier could not be found in the ZMB, which is in contrast to informa- Taxonomy tion in the relevant literature and to the ZMB accession catalogue. Furthermore, the Nomenclature holotypes of Mantispilla tessmanni Stitz and Mantispilla vulpes Stitz are documented Type material as having been destroyed in the mail during return from a loan.

Introduction fixation of a singular, unique holotype, which can be recognized by subsequent workers (Art. 16). Since a ho- Type specimens of species-group names are of crucial lotype is an individual specimen, it can theoretically be importance in connecting scientific hypotheses on bio- assigned unambiguously to a biological population or logical species and subspecies with published names species, which is then supposed to carry the species- that denote the hypothesis. For this reason, the current group name, to which the holotype is connected. Con- (4th) edition of the International Code of Nomenclature sequently, holotypes (and also lectotypes and syntypes) (ICZN) has stipulated that species-group names pub- are called primary types or name-bearers. In biological lished after 1999 must be accompanied by an explicit taxonomy and nomenclature, the so-called type concept

* E-mail: [email protected]

# 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 98 Ohl, M.: Mantispidae (Neuropterida) in the Museum fu¨ r Naturkunde, Berlin as regulated by the ICZN is a fundamental tool for no- interpretations of each of these taxa are fixed in accor- menclatural accuracy and clarity. Due to their importance dance with current usage. as ‘name-bearers’, primary types in biology are among the most important items in natural history collections and should be registered and curated as a high priority. The Persons behind the Types Recommendation 72F.4 of the ICZN encourages the publication of lists of the name-bearing types held in Type specimens, as well as other unique natural history zoological research collections to make information objects, are not only reference objects for scientifc in- pertaining to these important specimens more widely terpretations and hypotheses, but have their own indivi- available. The Museum fr Naturkunde, Berlin [= Mu- dual history, which is often crucial to understanding seum fr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitt zu Ber- their significance. Since most of the type specimens lin; Zoologisches Museum Berlin; Museum of Natural treated here were collected from all over the world dur- History of the Humboldt-University at Berlin] – here- ing the 19th century, the specific circumstances under after as ZMB, the traditional acronym – contains one which the specimens were collected and how they made of the world’s most important historical collections of their way from their collection site to the Berlin mu- Neuropterida specimens, and holds the primary type seum is certainly of some interest from a historical per- specimens of approximately 350 nominal neuropterid spective. It consequently seems appropriate to present a species, among which are 63 species-group of Manti- brief historic account of all collectors of types of Man- spidae. This is a large number of primary types relative tispidae present in ZMB, and of all scientists who de- to the total of 561 published species-group names in scribed mantispid species with types in the museum. Mantispidae. The percentage of nominal species-group None of the type specimens was apparently collected names of the total number present in the ZMB is 11 %. with the intention of explicitly collecting Neuroptera or There are only two other collections with a compara- even Mantispidae, which implies that none of the man- tively large number of mantispid types, the Natural His- tispid types were collected by a neuropterologist. As far tory Museum, London, United Kingdom (primary types as can be acertained, none of the collectors were pro- of 81 species-group names, which corresponds to 14 %) fessional taxonomists or scientists in a broader sense, and the Musum National d’Histoire Natuerelle, Paris, so that biographical data are often difficult to find. The France (types of 65 names, 12 %), but about 10 % of major resource of information is the important review the types supposed to be in the Paris collection could of the locations of the entomological collections of the not be recently found (Ohl 2004b). The holdings of the world up to 1960, documented in Horn’s et al. Collec- primary type specimens in the ZMB are consequently tiones entomologicae (1990). Most of the collectors and of crucial importance for the global taxonomy of Man- insect traders were listed in that work, so that at least tispidae. the basic information became available. Another impor- Entomologists described these taxa over a long peri- tant source of biographic information on insect collec- od of time, but particularly important are the numerous tors in South America is Papavero (1973). To supple- types of species described by Erichson (1839) and Stitz ment this information, I have checked the archive of (1913). All species-group taxa with primary types in the ZMB, which holds an alphabetical card catalogue the ZMB have been described by these two authors ex- of names of persons, who were associated with the mu- cept for one species each described by Charpentier seum in one way or another in the past. Much addi- (1825), Kolbe (1897), Handschin (1960) and Ohl tional and hitherto unpublished information was ex- (2004a). Although the world diversity of Mantispidae tracted from this source. No effort has been made to has recently been catalogued (Ohl 2004b), the taxon- present comprehensive biographies of collectors, even omy of the majority of historical species particularly if published biographies are available. Only the full from remote areas in Africa and Southeast Asia is name, the years of birth and death, and a very brief rather poorly studied (Ohl 2005). Many species have description of the function of the respective person that not been recorded subsequent to their original descrip- led him to collect mantispids are presented. tion, and recent taxonomic revisions reveal a high num- I have already published a few notes on the curators ber of synonyms and undescribed species (e.g., Lamb- and scientists, who worked on the Neuropterida collec- kin 1986a, b; Machado & Rafael 2010). tion in the ZMB (Ohl 2002). Here more details are pro- The purpose of this paper is to provide a more de- vided for all of these individuals (except for M. Ohl, tailed analysis of the primary types of Mantispidae in because the focus is on historical persons), with special the Berlin Museum collection. The nomenclatural and reference to the significance of their work on the tax- taxonomic information is supplemented by a brief bio- onomy and systematics of Mantispidae. Much of the in- graphical account of all collectors and authors of the formation is from published obituaries, which are cited. type specimens in ZMB. It is hoped that this study will Additional data have been found in the archive of the provide mantispid systematists with a reliable documen- ZMB (Historische Bild- und Schriftgutsammlung). tary source of information about these types. It has also Besides biographical and taxonomical information on provided a convenient opportunity to formally designate these scientists, portraits of all individuals are present- lectotypes for a number of nominal taxa, so that the ed. Images of labels of one primary type for each of

museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de # 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Zoosyst. Evol. 88 (1) 2012, 97–124 99 the authors are also provided to illustrate their hand- Krebs, Ludwig [1792–1844]: Collected in South Afri- writing and label style. ca in 1819–23 under Prussian order. Insects partly in the ZMB. Materna, Sren [born 1972] Mantid collector. Alphabetical list of collectors of specimens of Manti- Moritz, Carl A. [1796–1866; alternative spelling Karl spidae that later became primary types in the ZMB Moritz]: German botanist, who also collected insects Brgers, J. [no data]: German physician, who accom- in Colombia and particularly Venezuela from about panied the German ‘Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluss-Expedi- 1835 to 1860. His collection is distributed to various tion’ 1912–13 to the Sepik river in New Guinea, collections. where he collected insects and conducted zoological Neumann, Oskar [1867–1946]: German ornithologist, studies. Label: Fig. 10. who collected in East Africa in 1892–93 and in So- Conradt, Leopold [no data; alternative spelling Kon- malia and Ethiopia in 1899–1901. Collection partly radt]: German insect collector and insect trader. He in the ZMB. Label: Fig. 7. collected in Cameroon in 1896; material partly pur- Nietner, Johann Werner Theodor [1828–1874; alter- chased by the ZMB. native spelling John Nietner]: gardener in the botani- Deppe, Ferdinand [1794–1860]: German insect collec- cal garden in Peradeniya (Sri Lanka) and owner of a tor and insect trader. He collected insects in Mexico coffee plantation in Sri Lanka, who also collected in- 1824–30; collection partly sold to the ZMB. sects, particularly Coleoptera. He sold his material Dohrn, Carl August [1806–1892]: German entomolo- partly to the ZMB. gist from the now-Polish Szczecin. He made a jour- Preuss, Paul [1862–1926]: Several collecting trips to ney to various European countries, North Africa and Africa, one of which was to Cameroon in 1889/91. South America in 1831–1837, during which he col- His material was donated to the ZMB. lected insects, mainly Coleoptera. Purpus, Carl Albert [1851–1941]: plant collector and Drege, Carl Friedrich [1791–1868; alternative spell- botanist in Mexico and southwestern United States. ing Charles Frederic Drge]: German insect trader Insect collection partly in the ZMB. from Hamburg, who collected insects in South Africa Redow [no data]: no information on this collector between 1824 and 1844. could be found in any of the relevant resources. La- Fiebrig, Karl [no data; alternative spelling Carl Fieb- bel: Fig. 2. rig]: collected in Paraguay in about 1906/09. Collec- Ribbe, Carl [1860–1934]: German explorer, insect col- tion partly donated to the ZMB. lector, and insect trader. Collected insects on the So- Fruhstorffer, Hans [1866–1922]: Insect trader from lomon Islands, the Bismarck Archipelago, and other Berlin (1888–1905). Collected in Vietnam during a Australasian islands. Some specimens were partly journey to North America, Japan and China. sold to the ZMB. Flleborn, Friedrich [1866–1933]: Collected in ‘Ger- Rohde, Richard [no data]: German-born explorer, nat- man East Africa’, particularly on the Tanzanian side ural history collector and trader, who collected in of Lake Malawi. Complete collection in the ZMB. Brazil and Paraguay before 1890. Gmez, Francisco Agostinho [1769–1842]: a Brazi- Rolle, Hermann [1864–1929]: German ornithologist lian politician and insect collector, who sold Brazi- and entomologist, who sold birds and insects to many lian insects to J.C. Count von Hoffmannsegg, the museums. founder of the Zoological Museum, Berlin (now in Sauter, Hans [1871–1948]: German entomologist, who the Museum fr Naturkunde, Berlin). collected and later lived in Taiwan after 1902. Many Gugelmann, Wilhelm [no data]: Distributed Mexican insects from Taiwan in the ZMB. insects to various collections in about 1909 to 1918, Schmidt, Martin [no data]: material from (East) Bor- but no further information. neo, but no further information. Jachan, B. [no data]: material from Sumatra about Schulze, Tobias [born 1981]: Mantid collector. 1901, but no further information. Sello, Friedrich [1789–1831; alternative spelling Sel- Jagor, A. Fedor [1816–1900]: Travelled to south and low]: Collected in Uruguay and Brazil in 1825/31. southeast Asia and collected in Philippines, Java, and Material partly in the ZMB. Singapore in 1873–1876 and 1890–1893. Material Sieber, Friedrich Wilhelm [no data]: Collected in Bra- partly in the ZMB. zil in 1801–1813, material partly purchased by J. C. Janensch, Werner Ernst Martin [1878–1969]: Ger- Count von Hoffmannsegg. man vertebrate paleontologist, who was leader of the Soldanski, H. [no data]: material from the Philippines, German-Tendaguru-Expedition to Tanzania, which but no further information. resulted in the discovery of Brachiosaurus brancai Staudinger: material from Australia. Staudinger prob- and many other dinosaur species. He collected natu- ably refers to the insect trading company Staudinger, ral history items during the expedition to east Africa. founded by Otto Staudinger in 1858. His material is in the ZMB. Label: Fig. 12. Steinbach [Kemmerich], Josef [1876–1930; alterna- Jung [no data]: material from Australia, but no further tive spelling Joseph Steinbach Kemmerich and Jos information. Steinbach]: German insect trader, who later lived in

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Bolivia. Suggested foundation of the Museo de His- toria Natural in Cochabamba, Bolivia, in 1930, where most of his collection is still housed. Stevens: material from Sulawesi, but no further infor- mation. It is possible that Stevens refers the large en- tomological auction company in London, founded by Patterson and later held by John Crace Stevens. Tessmann, Gnther Theodor [1884–1969]: German botanist, traveller, and ethnologist. Collected mainly Lepidoptera in West Africa. Collection partly in the ZMB. Virmond [no data]: insect collector in Brazil in the first half of the 19th century; material sold to the ZMB probably in 1833 for 3000 Reichsthaler. Label: Fig. 5. Zenker, Georg August [1855–1922]: German horticul- turalist, botanist, and zoologist, who collected mainly in Cameroon. Material partly in the ZMB. Figure 2. Labels of one of the putative syntypes of Mantispa christiana Charpentier. See text for more details. Chronological list of taxonomists, who described spe- spectorate), Johann Friedrich William von Charpentier, cies of Mantispidae with primary types in the ZMB and the brother of Johann von Charpentier (Jean de Toussaint de [von] Charpentier Charpentier), another eminent geologist and glacier re- 22 November 1779–4 March 1847 searcher. He was born in Freiberg in Saxony and stud- Figures 1–2 ied geology and mining engineering at the Bergakade- mie Freiberg and the University of Leipzig. In 1818, A detailed biography of Charpentier was published by Charpentier made an extensive journey to Italy and Weidner (1960), based on an unpublished biographical Switzerland, which, in his own words, was the most im- sketch written by Charpentier’s granddaughter Herta portant experience in his life. Two years later he pub- Grfin von Hardenberg. lished a 2-volume monograph detailing his journey Toussaint de Charpentier was the son of the Saxony (Charpentier 1820). From 1830 to 1835 he worked as a geologist and “Berghauptmann” (head of the mining in- “Berghauptmann” and director of the mining office in Dortmund, Germany, from where he moved to Brieg, Silesia (now Poland). Charpentier spent the rest of his career working for the mining authority in Silesia. En- tomology was always a hobby for Charpentier, with his early entomological publications dating back to 1818. Some of his publications are undoubtedly relevant and carefully written monographs on Orthoptera (1825), Le- pidoptera (1829–1839), Odonata (1840), and Orthop- tera again (1841–1843). Many of his works are well known for their beautiful illustrations. After his death, his collection, including the Neuropterida, was partly sold to the ZMB in 1847. In his Horae Entomologicae from 1825, Charpentier commented on two species of Mantispidae in the Man- todea section within Orthoptera, according to the then well-established classification. Although he listed the two mantispids along with the mantids, he correctly as- signed the genus names Mantis and Mantispa to the two groups, obviously well aware of the differences. However, the placement of the mantispids with the mantids is an indication that he considered the mantis- pids to be just another group of mantids. One of the two mantispid species mentioned in the Horae is Man- tispa pagana (Fabr.) (now a junior synonym of Mantis- pa styriaca Poda), which he supplemented with a long Figure 1. Portrait of T. de Charpentier. Reprinted from Anon- list of authorities, citations, and synonymies dating ymous (1898). See also Syniawa (2000). back to the time of the original description of Mantispa

museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de # 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Zoosyst. Evol. 88 (1) 2012, 97–124 101 by Illiger in Kugelann (1798). The original description present in the ZMB at that time, all of which are de- of Mantispa christiana (p. 93) consists of hardly more scribed in sufficient detail. 16 of these species were than five lines of text without an illustration. For the new, and 10 of these are still treated as valid (synony- type status of the specimens in the ZMB see discussion my rate 25 %). Only four species described by Erichson of this species below. are considered to be junior synonyms, and two are ju- nior homonyms (Ohl 2004b). It is remarkable that Erichson not only described the species in detail, he Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson also tried to record intraspecific variability based on 26 November 1809–18 November 1849 the available material. Figures 3–5 Besides his additions to the taxonomy of Mantispi- dae, Erichson’s most significant contribution to neurop- A biography on Erichson was published by his father- terology was his detailed analysis of the systematic po- in-law, Friedrich Klug (1775–1856), who was the sec- sition of Mantispidae in insects (H. Aspck 1999). Ever ond Director of the Zoological Museum Berlin (now since the description of Mantispa styriaca by Nikolaus Museum fr Naturkunde, Berlin) and a well-known en- Poda von Neuhaus in 1761, the first species of Manti- tomologist and neuropterologist (Klug 1850). spidae to be formally described, subsequent authors in- Erichson was born in Stralsund in northern Germany terpreted mantispids as a small and unusual group of and studied medicine at the Berlin University. He re- mantids (Mantodea). Even after placing the species of ceived his Ph.D. in 1832 and his qualification as a medi- mantispids in a genus of their own by describing Man- cal doctor in 1834. Already during his time at the univer- tispa by Illiger in 1798, the new genus was still classi- sity, he worked in the entomological collections of the fied in the middle of other mantid genera. In the intro- Zoological Museum, particularly on beetles. In 1842, duction to his paper of 1839, Erichson carefully he became extraordinary professor, and in 1843, he was discussed similarities and differences in the morphol- appointed as the first curator of entomology in the ogy of mantispids and mantids, particularly with re- ZMB. His most important works are the monographs spect to wings, pronotum and mouthparts. He presented on the beetles of the German state of Brandenburg detailed illustrations of the moutparts of a mantispid, (1837–39) and the Genera et species staphylinorum in an osmylid, a mantid and a termite to illustrate the si- 1839–40, an almost 1000-page volume on the Staphyli- milarities between the two species of Neuroptera and nidae of the world. Erichson published only a few pa- their difference to hemimetabolous species (Fig. 4). pers on Neuroptera, but his earliest neuropterological Erichson concluded that Mantispa (sensu lato) is clearly work on the genus Mantispa (sensu lato) is still an im- not closely related to Orthoptera (in his sense including portant contribution to the taxonomy of Mantispidae. Mantodea) but to the “family of hemerobiids” within Erichson published a list of 24 species of mantispids Neuroptera. Although Erichson and many subsequent authors assumed that Mantispa and Raphidia were close relatives, which is incorrect Erichson’s conclusion that Mantispidae belong in Neuroptera was widely accepted and was followed by subsequent authors.

Hermann Julius Kolbe 2 June 1855–26 November 1939 Figures 6–7

Kolbe was born in Halle/Westfalen in Germany. He started to study natural sciences at the university of Mnster, but he was forced to abandon them due to health and family problems. From 1878 to 1882 he worked as a schoolteacher in Oeding/Westfalen. In 1882, Kolbe began to work in the ZMB, first as an as- sistant in the Entomology Department, and from 1890 to 1921 as curator of Coleoptera and Neuroptera. He was appointed as a professor in 1900. After his retire- ment in 1921 he continued publishing on entomology until 1938. Kolbe’s major interest was Scarabaeidae, but he worked on numerous beetle families. He published Figure 3. Portrait of W. F. Erichson. MfN, HBSB. Zool. Mus. about 350 papers in his lifetime. Many of his publica- B I/1655. tions are fundamental treatments of the beetle fauna of

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Figure 4. Copper plate accompanying Erichson’s monograph on the species of Mantispa (sensu lato) in the ZMB. Figs I–IV show mouthparts of a man- tispid, an osmylid, a mantid, and a ter- mite to illustrate the morphological de- tails discussed in the introduction. Figs V and VI show one of the syn- types of Paramantispa decorata (as Mantispa decorata) and the holotype of Anchieta notha (as Mantispa notha), two of the most peculiar species de- scribed by Erichson (1839). certain geographical areas particularly in Africa and (German East Africa), which was a German colony in they also include general discussions of the phylogeny, East Africa, comprising what is now Tanzania, Burun- speciation and historical biogeography of Coleoptera di and Rwanda. In the introduction to this work, and of insects in general. Kolbe indicated that he did not intend to provide a In contrast to the large number of publications on complete monograph of the known Neuroptera from Coleoptera, Kolbe published less than a dozen papers East Africa, but mainly to describe a number of new on Neuroptera. He described only one species of species, which came to his attention. In the brief Mantispidae, Pseudoclimaciella apicipennis (in Man- comment on the genus Mantispa, still in the broad tispa) from Lake Manyara in Tanzania (Kolbe 1897; sense, he pointed out that the newly described P.api- Fig. 7). The description of P.apicipennis was part of a cipennis was the only mantispid species known from treatment of the Neuroptera of “Deutsch-Ost-Afrika” East Africa.

museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de # 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Zoosyst. Evol. 88 (1) 2012, 97–124 103

Figure 7. Labels of the holotype of Mantispa apicipennis Kolbe (now in Pseudoclimaciella), with the species name in Kolbe’s handwriting. Other identification labels are by Stitz and by Handschin.

Hermann Stitz Figure 5. Labels of the lectotype of Mantispa irrorata Erichson 24 December 1868–6 February 1947 (now in Gerstaeckerella), with the species name in Erichson’s Figures 8–9 handwriting. The lectotype designation indicated by the label written by R. Beard has not been published and is, thus, invalid. I was not able to find a biography or an obituary of Hermann Stitz. He lived in Berlin and worked on the Neuroptera and particularly on the ant collection in the Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. There is no indication that Stitz was employed by the ZMB at any time.

Figure 6. Portrait of H. J. Kolbe. MfN, HBSB. Zool. Mus. B I/592. Figure 8. Portrait of H. Stitz. MfN, HBSB. Zool. Mus. B I/1302.

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Figure 9. Portrait of H. Stitz. MfN, HBSB. GNF FMVII,2.

Stitz published a number of papers on Neuropterida been synonymized in the almost 100 years since their between 1909 and 1936, with three publications expli- description. On the last three pages of his publication citly on the material of the ZMB, published in 1912 from 1913, Stitz added the description of a new spe- (Myrmeleontidae), 1913 (Mantispidae) and 1914 cies, Stenomantispa ilsae (in Mantispa) after complet- (Megaloptera). His paper on the Mantispidae from ing the manuscript, which was probably already typeset. 1913 covers all species of Mantispidae present in the He discussed some peculiar characters of this species collection of the ZMB at that time. It does not include and placed it in the subgenus Stenomantispa in Mantis- an introduction, but starts with three rather simple illus- pa. In the last sentence of the publication, he concluded trations of the head, the pronotum and the foreleg of a that the previously described M. reinhardi “seemed to generalized mantispid. The drawings are labeled with represent a transition from Mantispa to Stenomantispa, German morphological terms, but are not accompanied perhaps belonging in the latter” (Stitz 1913: 49, my by text. In this publication, Stitz mentioned 85 species- group names in Mantispidae, 45 of which were intro- duced by him as new. Nineteen of the names were pub- lished as ‘varieties’, 26 as species. The high percentage of ‘varieties’ is clearly an indication of Stitz’ difficulty in evaluating the amount of intraspecific variability in mantispids based on the limited amount of material in the ZMB. With more material available since Stitz’ time, it is not suprising that about half of Stitz’ ‘vari- eties’ (9 out of 19) are now seen as falling into the range of species variation and are classified as junior synonyms (Ohl 2004b). Four of Stitz’ ‘varieries’ are now formally treated as subspecies (as the result a for- mal nomenclatural act, mandatory under the ICZN), and another six are elevated to species rank. In total, Figure 10. Labels of the holotype of Mantispa ilsae Stitz (now one-third of Stitz’ species-group taxa (15 of 45) have in Stenomantispa), with Stitz’ handwriting.

museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de # 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Zoosyst. Evol. 88 (1) 2012, 97–124 105 translation). Stenomantispa was raised to generic rank by Handschin (1961: 297), and the two species, which Stitz considered to belong in Stenomantispa, S. ilsae and S. reinhardi, are still the only species in this genus (Ohl 2004b).

Eduard Handschin 31 August 1894–19 January 1962 Figures 11–12

A few obituaries of Handschin have been published, the most important being Keiser (1961) and Portmann (1962), the latter including a complete bibliography. Handschin was born in Liestal near Basel in Switzer- land. In his childhood he suffered from serious health problems and could not visit school regularly. This gave Figure 12. Labels of the holotype of Pseudoclimaciella stitzi him the opportunity to read natural history books and Handschin, with the species name in Handschin’s handwriting. to develop a serious interest in nature very early. In 1913 Handschin enrolled at the university of Basel to this university. Much of his practical work was devoted study zoology, and he received his Ph.D. with a disser- to faunistic and applied entomological projects, but he tation on the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of the higher also began to work in the Naturhistorisches Museum in alpine mountains in 1918. After a few years in Lau- Basel as early as in 1923. After the sudden death of the sanne and Geneva, Handschin was appointed to the uni- director of the museum, W. Bernoulli, Handschin be- versity of Basel and began to teach entomology, parasi- came his successor in 1946 until his retirement in tology, and hydrobiology. In 1927 he was appointed 1959. extraordinary professor and in 1942 full professor at Handschin’s major interest in systematic entomology was on ‘apterygote insects’ and in general insect mor- phology and phylogeny. In 1935–36 he published two papers on Southeast Asian Neuroptera, but most of his research on Neuroptera were made during his last dec- ade. Handschin’s first paper explicitly devoted to Man- tispidae is the first contribution to a revision of the African Mantispidae (Handschin 1959), which was con- tinued one year later (Handschin 1960). One of his most significant publications on Mantispidae was a contribution to the taxonomy of those genera of manti- spids that are characterized by usually large body size and often wasp-mimicing coloration. In this publication he redefined geographic and morphological limits of many genera of Mantispidae, and he convincingly showed that Euclimacia (and related genera) is strictly Southeast Asian in distribution, whereas Climaciella is restricted to the New World. In total, Handschin de- scribed 25 species-group taxa, of which 21 are still va- lid. He also described 10 new genera, among which are well known names like Pseudoclimaciella and Perla- mantispa, which are all still being used. The ZMB has the type of only one species described by Handschin, Pseudoclimaciella stitzi Handschin, 1960, from Tanza- nia.

Arrangement and Format of the Catalogue

The treatments of primary type specimens of Mantispidae given be- Figure 11. Portrait of Eduard Handschin. Archive of the Natur- low are arranged alphabetically. For each nominal species-group name historisches Museum Basel, Switzerland (reprinted from Verh. the following information is provided, which is largely based on the Schweiz. Naturf. Ges., 1961, with permission by the Schwei- format of a previously published annotated type catalogue in the Neu- zerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Biel, Switzerland). ropterida (Ohl & Oswald 2004):

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1 Species-group name in the correct spelling, followed by author, Collections year and page of publication, and sex(es) of the primary type(s). If The following collections and their respective acronyms are used: the sex of the type was incorrectly determined by the original MfN, HBSB – Historische Bild- und Schriftgutsammlungen, Museum author, this is mentioned in parentheses. fr Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany; ZMB – Entomological collections, 2 Original / current generic placement in parentheses, with subgene- Museum fr Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany; MCZ – Museum of ric placements where appropriate. Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. 3 Status of validity or invalidity in square brackets; in the case of a junior synonym, the senior synonym and the author of the synony- Origin of labels my; if appropriate, the original status as a variety and the current Only a few of the original identification labels of the types in the status as a subspecies. ZMB have direct indications for the writer. An example is Pseudocli- 4 Type status, sex and fixation method, with currently proposed lec- maciella stitzi Handschin (Fig. 12), with the identification label with totype designations in bold, where appropriate. explicit reference to Handschin. In all species described by Erichson, 5 Type locality cited using modern geographic names. Kolbe and Stitz, only the species name is given, often followed by the 6 Verbatim label data reflected on all of the labels associated with describer’s name (Figs 5, 7, 10). An asterisk is used to indicate type each type specimen, except for lectotype designation labels based status on some labels. In most cases, no indication is given that a on the current publication, which will be added after publication. new name is proposed. An exception is Mantispa (Stenomantispa) il- Labels are numbered in putative chronological sequence as they sae, where Stitz (1913) gave “n. sp.” behind the species name, were added to the specimen; text lines on each label are separated although the label design is the same as in the other species described by a slash. by Stitz. I thus assume that Stitz wrote the labels depicted in Fig. 10. 7 In the case of lectotype designations, additional type material avail- The same is true for Erichson’s original labels (Fig. 5), which I inter- able in the ZMB or collections other than the lectotype designated pret as being those obviously historical labels with the same handwrit- above. ing as in the historical accession catalogue, which was written by 8 Miscellaneous notes about condition, mounting, type series and per- Erichson. tinent nomenclatural and taxonomic data. In the Verbatim label No identification label by Charpentier could be found. data sections I have frequently provided information that expands Two kinds of labels have been clearly added subsequently and are or augments the often-cryptic text contained on the old labels. not historical. All primary types of Mantispidae bear a dark orange, Added text in these sections is always placed in square brackets [ ] printed label saying “Type”, which has been added to the majority to permit its differentiation from actual label text. In particular, it of type specimens throughout the ZMB at some point in the past, should be noted that the first label cited for many nominal taxa but most likely after 1945 (Figs 5, 7, 10, 12). Many types also bear often contains only a single multidigit number. This number is a yellow label saying “Zool. Mus. / Berlin”, which have been gener- keyed to an accession ledger in which the accession of the material ally placed under specimens on loan and which are usually not into the Berlin Museum was originally recorded. For each type spe- removed after the borrowed specimens are returned. These labels cimen with such an accession number, we report the verbatim text are not cited in the Verbatim label data section and are not photo- of the corresponding accession ledger record immediately following graphed. the accession number itself. The color and text characteristics (printed, handwritten) of each label are also reported. Labels are rectangular, or approximately so, unless otherwise noted. Alphabetical List of Primary Types Details of the nomenclatural history and the authority of subsequent of Mantispidae in the ZMB generic placements of species-group taxa are omitted. Full bibliogra- phies and synonymies of the species are also not given. For taxo- ambusta (Erichson, 1839) nomic details, the respective general works should be consulted, parti- cularly the annotated catalog of the Mantispidae of the world (Ohl ambusta (Erichson, 1839): 162, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Para- 2004b). The generic arrangement also follows this work. mantispa) [valid]. Holotype. Female, by monotypy. Varieties Type locality. Uruguay, Montevideo. Stitz (1913) proposed a large number of names explicitly as varieties Verbatim label data. (1) “189” [white, printed]; (2) “Montevideo, / of already known species. In total, Stitz published 45 nominal spe- Sello.” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Holotypus / Nr.” [red, printed]; (4) cies-group names, 19 of which are varieties. Of these, nine are con- “ambusta / Er[ichson].” [green, handwritten]; (5) “Mantispa / ambusta sidered to be junior synonyms of other names (Ohl 2004b). The re- Er[ichson].” [Yellowed white, handwritten]; (6) “Holotype , / Manti- maining ten varieties have been given subspecific rank as a spa / ambusta / Erichson 1839 / R. G. Beard 1968” [white with red mandatory change under the ICZN by Ohl (2004b). A variety de- margin, handwritten]. scribed before 1961, which is not unambiguously proposed for infra- subspecific rank, is deemed to be subspecific (ICZN Art. 45.6.4.). Notes. The wings are slightly creased, and the left This mandatory change is a strictly formal action and does not imply forewing is torn at the anterior edge. Most of the abdo- that the taxonomic status of the species and subspecies has been ver- men is preserved in glycerol in a labelled microvial ified. pinned close to the specimen. Otherwise, the holotype is complete and in good condition. Type localities In the original description, Erichson indicated “Mon- All type localities were checked against available maps and gazetteers tevideo (Sdbrasilien [= southern Brasil])” as type lo- based on information reflected on the original labels and in the re- cality, but on the original locality label by Sello (label spective publications. In the case of discrepancies between label and # 2), only Montevideo is given. It is likely that this re- published information, the label is given precedence. For example, Stitz (1913) misspelled several type localities, sometimes consider- fers to Uruguay and not to Brasil. ably, and both versions were checked. The locality on the label ver- The simultaneously described M. ambusta and sion in the case of Stitz is cited in the catalogue. M. decorata were considered synonymous by Williner

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& Mariluis (1979 [“1978”]: 40). See also M. decorata Notes. Most of the left antenna, the apical third of the for further synonymical notes (Ohl 2004b). right forewing, and the abdomen are missing. Stitz (1913: 7) gave the total body length of the holotype “without the subsequently detached abdomen” (my annulata (Stitz, 1913) translation) and provided a description of the abdominal coloration. The abdomen must thus have been lost at annulata (Stitz, 1913): 10, female (Mantispilla / Xaviera) [a junior the time of Stitz’ studies. Some parts of the thorax are synonym; synonymized with Mantispa manca Gerstaecker, 1885 [“1884”], by Esben-Petersen, 1923: 598 (now in Xaviera, see largely destroyed, probably eaten away. The midlegs, Lambkin, 1986b: 34); originally as a variety of Mantispilla manca the right hindleg, and the left hindtarsal segments are (Gerstaecker) (now in Xaviera)]. detached, but completely preserved. Some parts are Holotype. Female, by monotypy. glued onto a card pinned under the specimen, some Type locality. Papua New Guinea, Sepik River. other in a microscopic slide in paper frame pinned close to the holotype. Verbatim label data. (1) “D[eutsch-] N[eu-] Guinea / 2.VIII.[19]12 Hauptlager [= main camp] / Kais[erin]-Augustafl[uß]-Exp[edition] [= The locality given on label # 1 is difficult to read, Empress-Augusta-River (now Sepik River)-Expedition] / Brgers but it is probably Azihan. This differs from Stitz’ inter- S[ammler (= collector)]. G[eber (= donator)].” [violet, printed]; (2) pretation, who read Azihuna and who named the spe- “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Mantispilla / manca Gerst[aecker] cies accordingly. Neither locality could be found on / var. annulata St[it]z” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Austroman- available maps and gazetters. Even if Azihan is correct, tispa / manca (Gerst.) / det. R. Hall (HNRS) 1986 [white, printed]”. M. azihuna must be considered the correct original Notes. The original coloration is perfectly preserved. spelling and is the correct name. The tip of the left forewing and a few fore tarsomeres are missing. The complete abdomen is detached and bicolor (Stitz, 1913) preserved in glycerol in a labelled microvial pinned close to the specimen. bicolor (Stitz, 1913): 8, female (Mantispilla / Mantispa) [valid]. Lectotype. Female, by present designation. Type locality. Vietnam, Tonkin. apicipennis (Kolbe, 1897) Verbatim label data. (1) “Tonkin / Fruhstorffer” [yellow, handwritten]; apicipennis (Kolbe, 1897): 36, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Pseudo- (2) “Syn- / Type” [dark orange, partly printed and handwritten]; (3) climaciella) [valid]. “Mantispilla / bicolor St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Lectotype , / Mantispilla / bicolor Stitz, 1913 / (design. M. Ohl)” Holotype. Female, by monotypy. [red, printed]. Type locality. Tanzania, Lake Manyara. Additional type material. 1 female paralectotype (ZMB). Verbatim label data [Fig. 7; see also Notes section below]. (1) “Ma- niara / Neumann” [blue, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, Notes. Stitz (1913) based the description of M. bicolor printed]; (3) “Mantispa / apicipennis / n. sp. Kolbe” [yellowed white, on two females, which are very similar in coloration handwritten]; (4) “Mantispa / apicipennis / K[o]lb[e].” [yellowed and morphology. The abdomen of one female is de- white, handwritten]; (5) “Holotypus / Nr.” [red, printed]; (6) “Pseudo- tached and cleared. Although the thorax, abdomen, climaciella / apicipennis K[o]lb[e].” [white, partly printed and hand- and the forelegs of this specimen are considerably col- written]. lapsed, it is generally in only slightly worse condition, Notes. The flagella, the left midtarsal segments, and the and I have selected it as the lectotype. Additionally, right hindtarsal segments III–V are missing. The wings the tip of the right antenna and the right wings of the are considerably tattered, particularly apically. lectotype are missing. The left wings are largeley In the original description of M. apicipennis, Kolbe creased. The detached abdomen is preserved in glycer- (1897) provided further collecting information that is ol in a labelled microvial pinned close to the speci- not given on the labels or in the catalogue. The exact men. collection locality is the west shore of Lake Manyara, collection date is end of November 1893, and the col- ceylanica (Stitz, 1913) lector is Oskar Neumann. ceylanica (Stitz, 1913): 10, male, female (females only according to Stitz, 1913) (Mantispilla / Mantispa) [valid; a subspecies of Man- azihuna (Stitz, 1913) tispa indica Westwood, 1852; originally as a variety of Mantispil- la indica (Westwood) (now in Mantispa)]. azihuna (Stitz, 1913): 7, female (Mantispilla / Mantispa) [valid]. Lectotype. Male, by present designation. Holotype. Female, by monotypy. Type locality. Sri Lanka, no specific locality. Type locality. Taiwan [locality hardly legible on original label, prob- Verbatim label data. (1) “202” [white, printed]; (2) “Ceylon [= Sri ably Azihan, not verified]. Lanka] / Nietner” [yellow, printed]; (3) “Syn- / Type” [dark orange, Verbatim label data. (1) “Formosa [= now Taiwan] / (Azihan [see partly printed and handwritten]; (4) “Mantispilla / indica Westw[ood]. Notes below]) / Sauter” [yellow, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark or- / v. ceylanica St[it]z.” [Yellowed white, handwritten]; (5) “Lectotype ange, printed]; (3) “Mantispilla / azihuna St[it]z.” [yellowed white, < / Mantispilla indica / var. ceylanica Stitz, 1913 / (design. M. Ohl)” handwritten]. [red, printed].

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Additional type material. 1 female paralectotype (ZMB). christiana Charpentier, 1825 Notes. The right and most of the left flagellum of the christiana Charpentier, 1825: 93, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Per- lectotype are missing. The apical half of the abdomen lamantispa) [a junior synonym; synonymized with Mantispa per- is preserved in glycerol in a labelled microvial closed la (Pallas, 1772) (now in Perlamantispa) by Erichson, 1839: to the specimen. 167]. Stitz (1913) suggested the spelling ceylanica, which is inappropriately derived from Ceylon, the type local- Four specimens, possibly syntypes. Two males, one female, and one specimen without abdomen. ity, in the original description and on both original type labels. Hence, ceylanica is not to be considered an in- Type locality. “Russia europaea”. advertent error and is the correct name. Verbatim label data (Fig. 2). (1) “195” [white, printed]; (2) “S[d]. Stitz (1913) mentioned two female types in the ori- Russland [= Southern Russia] / Redow” [yellowed white, handwrit- ginal description, but the specimen with the printed la- ten]. bel # 1 (the according label of the paralectotype is handwritten) is a male and is here selected as the lec- Notes. Except for some missing antennae, one missing totype. abdomen, and some slight wing damage, all four speci- mens are in very good condition. The abdomen of one male is preserved in glycerol in a microvial pinned chalybea Erichson, 1839 close to the specimen (dissection by U. Aspck & H. Aspck). chalybea Erichson, 1839: 160, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Clima- The questionable type status of the four historical ciella) [a junior synonym; synonymized with Euclimacia semihya- specimens in the ZMB has been extensively discussed lina (Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau and Audinet-Serville, 1825) (now in Climaciella) by Enderlein, 1910: 367]. by U. Aspck & H. Aspck (1994) and Ohl (2004b). The historical accession catalogue lists six specimens Lectotype. Male, by present designation. under # 195. The entry is in Erichson’s handwriting: Type locality. Brasil and Surinam, no specific locality. “Mantispa perla Pall[as]. Er[ichson].* / Ross[ia]. meri- Verbatim label data. (1) “186” [white, printed]; (2) “Brasilien / Selle dionalis [= Southern Russia]”. The asterisk behind [misspelling of Sello]” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Lectotypus / Nr.” Erichson’s name clearly indicates that Erichson consid- [red, printed]; (4) “chalybea / Er[ichson].” [green, handwritten]; (5) “Mantispa / chalybea / Er[ichson].” [Yellowed white, handwritten]; ered the six specimens to be types. In 1981, a hand- (6) “Lectotype / Mantispa / chalybea / Erichson 1839 / R. G. Beard written note was added that only four specimens could 1968” [white with red margin, handwritten]; (7) “Lectotype < / Man- be found at that time. tispa chalybea / Erichson / (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. The four specimens in the ZMB are undoubtedly Additional type material. 2 male paralectotypes (ZMB). among the specimen, which Erichson (1839) accepted Notes. In the lectotype, the apical half of the right fore- as the syntypes of M. christiana, when he synonymized tibia is missing. The hindtibiae and hindtarsi are de- it with M. perla. The specimens bear identical label sets tached, but one tibia and the associated tarsi are glued (see verbatim label data above). U. Aspck & H. As- onto a card pinned under the specimen. The right pck (1994: 101) discussed the putative type status of forewing is missing except for some basal fragments. these specimens in detail (they erroneously listed three The abdomen is preserved in glycerol in a labelled mi- specimens only and did not indicate which specimens crovial pinned close to the lectotype. they studied). Charpentier (1825: 93) explicitly men- R. G. Beard labelled two specimens as lectotype and tioned “Mus. Berol. [= ZMB]” as depository and “Rus- paralectotype of M. chalybea, but no designation has sia europaea” as origin of the material he studied. The been published. There are four historical specimens un- four specimens correspond perferctly with Charpentier’s der M. chalybea in the ZMB, all presumably collected short description of M. christiana and are the only can- in the early 19th century. Two males bear (subsequently didates in the ZMB as Charpentier’s types. As U. As- added) type labels and R. G. Beard’s lectotype and pck & H. Aspck (1994) already emphasized, a direct paralectotype labels. They are from Brasil and were indication of their status is lacking, which consequently collected by Sello (label # 2). One of them also has an remains dubious. original label handwritten by Erichson (label # 4), and I Hagen (1859: 408) wrote that he possesses “a type follow Beard’s suggestion and select this as the lecto- of Charpentier’s M. christiana from Rumelien, in- type of M. chalybea. The other two specimens do not formed about from Kunze to Winthem” (my transla- bear type labels, but one male is from Surinam, which tion). This specimen is now deposited in the MCZ. Erichson (1839) also mentioned as type locality of However, “Rumelien” was a geographic area that was M. chalybea. I presume that it was part of the original part of the Ottoman Empire and that included the to- type series and I designate it as paralectotype. Another day’s European part of Turkey, parts of Greek Macedo- specimen is also from Brasil (collected by Fruhstorfer), nian, and the southern parts of Bulgaria. “Rumelien” with the typical green, handwritten 19th century collec- was not part of “Russia europaea” and, thus, the speci- ton label, but there is no indication that this was one of men mentioned by Hagen (1859) is probably not a type the syntypes. of M. christiana.

museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de # 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Zoosyst. Evol. 88 (1) 2012, 97–124 109 chrysops (Stitz, 1913) all tarsal segments. The right hindwing is missing. The apical half of the abdomen is is preserved in glycerol chrysops (Stitz, 1913): 27, sex not indicated (abdomen missing) (Mantispa / Campion)[anomen dubium according to Lambkin, in a labelled microvial pinned close to the holotype. 1986b: 54; see Notes below]. The historical accession catalog lists one type speci- Holotype. Female (according to Lambkin, 1986b: 54), by monotypy. men of M. costalis under # 192 (label # 1). There is considerable confusion involved in the gen- Type locality. Tasmania, no specific locality. eric placement of M. costalis. Stitz (1913: 43) trans- Verbatim label data. (1) “Tasmania / Heyne V[erkufer (= seller)].” ferred it to Entanoneura, which Handschin (1960: 534) [Violet, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Manti- spa / chrysops St[it]z.” [Yellowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Campion / and Stange (1967: 18) followed. Williner & Kormilev chrysops (Stitz) / det. R. Hall (HNRS) 1986” [white, partly printed (1958: 8) assigned M. areolaris Westwood, 1852, to and handwritten]. (their subgenus) Entanoneura, the former is obviously a synonym of M. costalis according to Handschin (1960b: Notes. The holotype lacks the foretarsal segments III–V, 534). By contrast, Penny (1982a, b) placed M. costalis the right hindleg, and the abdomen. The left hindwing in an informal species group of its own in Mantispa, is slightly damaged posteriorly. based on characters of the male genitalia. However, In his revision of Australian Mantispidae, Lambkin Penny (1982a: 450) discussed and mentioned the type (1986b: 54) concluded that the holotype of M. chrysops locality of M. costalis in the section on the geographi- is a specimen of either Campion callosus Lambkin, cal distribution of E. batesella, which suggests place- 1986b, or C. impressus (Navs, 1914). The lack of the ment of M. costalis in Entanoneura. The holotype of diagnostic coloration and the abdomen makes a positive M. costalis is a female, but Penny (1982b) mentioned identification impossible, but it would be a senior syno- another character that should be diagnostic for New nym of one of the two species, if its identity could be World Entanoneura: “Crescent or semicircular marks confirmed. Lambkin (1986b) treated M. chrysops as a on prozonal region of pronotum”. The holotype of nomen dubium, which Ohl (2004b) tentatively followed. M. costalis clearly shows such marks, which it shares with other species in the ZMB assigned to Entanoneura coronata (Stitz, 1913) (E. batesella (Westwood, 1852) and E. limbata (Gerst- aecker, 1885a [“1884”])). Consequently and based on coronata (Stitz, 1913): 29, female (Mantispa / Pseudoclimaciella) [val- the characters employed by Handschin (1960), M. cos- id; species rank proposed by Handschin, 1960: 229; originally as talis is best placed in Entononeura (see also Ohl a variety of Mantispa tropica Westwood, 1852]. 2004b; Machado & Rafael 2010). Holotype. Female, by monotypy. Stitz (1913: 43) and Handschin (1960b: 534) men- Type locality. Cameroon, Jande. tioned “Virin” as part of the type locality of M. costa- Verbatim label data. (1) “Kamerun / Hinterland / Jaunde-Stat[ion]. / lis, which Penny (1982a: 450) interpreted as a Brasilian Zenker S[ammler (= collector)]” [blue, printed]; (2) “Type” [dark or- locality he could not find. Instead, it is a misspelling of ange, printed]; (3) “M. tropica / Westw[ood]. / v. coronata St[it]z.” “Virm.”, which is an abbreviation of Virmond, the col- [Yellowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Holotypus” [red, printed]; (5) lector. “Pseudoclimaciella / coronata (Stitz,* / 1913)” [white, handwritten]. Notes. The right flagellum, the left midtarsal segments III–V, and the tip of the left forewing are missing. The decorata (Erichson, 1839) left hindwing is slightly teared. decorata (Erichson, 1839): 163, pl. II, Fig. 5, sex not indicated (Man- tispa / Paramantispa) [a junior synonym; synonymized with Para- costalis (Erichson, 1839) mantispa ambusta (Erichson) by Williner & Mariluis, 1979 [“1978”]: 40; precedence of M. ambusta over M. decorata,who costalis (Erichson, 1839): 164, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Entano- were established simultaneously, fixed by Williner & Mariluis neura) [valid]. (1979 [“1978”]: 40) as First Revisers]. Holotype. Female, by monotypy. Lectotype. Male, by present designation. Type locality. Brasil, no specific locality. Type locality. Brasil, no specific locality. Verbatim label data. (1) “192” [white, printed]; (2) “Brasilien / Verbatim label data. (1) “190” [white, printed]; (2) “Brasilien, / Virm[ond].” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Holotypus / Nr.” [red, printed]; Sello.” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Syn- / Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) “costalis / Er[ichson].” [green, handwritten]; (5) “Mantispa / cos- (4) “decorata / Er[ichson].” [green, handwritten]; (5) “Lectotypus / talis Er[ichson].” [Yellowed white, handwritten]; (6) “Entanoneura / Nr.” [red, printed]; (6) “Lectotype < / Mantispa / decorata / Erichson costalis Er[ichson]. / det. E. Handschin” [white, partly printed and 1839 / R. G. Beard 1968” [white with red margin, handwritten]; (7) handwritten]; (7) “Holotype / Mantispa / costalis / Erichson 1839 / “Lectotype < / Mantispa decorata / Erichson, 1839 / (design. M. R. G. Beard 1968” [white with red margin, handwritten]. Ohl)” [red, printed]. Additional type material. 2 male paralectotypes (ZMB). Notes. Several traces of glue indicate that the forelegs, the pronotum, and the abdomen were apparently broken Notes. The lectotype is complete and in very good con- and have been reattached to their correct position. The dition. It is the smallest specimen among the three specimen lacks the antennae except for the scapes and types in the ZMB, and it is markedly pale yellow with the pedicels. The left mid leg and both hindlegs lack indistinct dark markings. I have selected this male as

# 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de 110 Ohl, M.: Mantispidae (Neuropterida) in the Museum fu¨ r Naturkunde, Berlin the lectotype, because it is the only specimen with Lectotype. Male, by present designation. Erichson’s original identification label. Type locality. Philippines, Samar. There are four specimens listed as types of M. dec- Verbatim label data. (1) “655” [white, printed]; (2) “Samar / Jagor” orata in the historical accession catalog under # 190, [yellow, handwritten]; (3) “Syn- / Type” [dark orange, partly printed but only three specimens could be found in the ZMB. and handwritten]; (4) “Climaciella / habutsuella Okamoto / var. fas- This catalog entry was later corrected to three speci- ciata Stitz / 1913” [white, handwritten]; (5) “Austroclimaciella / luzo- mens with a handwritten note that “probably one [syn- nica Weele / det. E. Handschin” [white, partly printed and handwrit- ten]; (6) “Lectotype < / Climaciella / habutsuella Okamoto / var. type] was transferred to the museum in Budapest in fasciata Stitz 1913 / (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. 1964”. The writer and the source of this information Additional type material. 2 female paralectotypes (ZMB). are unknown to me. According to Erichson (1939: 163), the types of Notes. The lectotype is complete, but largely broken M. decorata were collected in “several parts of Brasil” apart. The head, the prothorax, the forelegs, and the (my translation), but the original labels of the lectotype right forewing is glued onto a card pinned under the and the two paralectotypes in the ZMB only say Brasil specimen. Most of the abdomen is preserved in glycerol without a specific locality. in a labeled microvial pinned close to the lectotype. Stitz (1913) listed three syntypes, one male and two females, which bear identical label sets except for label dorsalis (Erichson, 1839) # 1. The male (accession catalog # 655) is selected here dorsalis (Erichson, 1839): 168, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Perla- as the lectotype, despite it being largely disassembled. mantispa) [valid]. The two female paralectotypes have the accession cata- Lectotype. Female, by present designation. log # 654, but the catalog entries are identical. Type locality. South Africa, Cape region. Verbatim label data. (1) “199” [white, printed]; (2) “Cap der guten / Hoffnung [= Cape of Good Hope] / Krebs” [blue, handwritten]; (3) ferruginea Stitz, 1913 “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) “dorsalis / Er[ichson].” [blue, hand- ferruginea Stitz, 1913: 31, male (Eumantispa / Eumantispa) [valid; written]; (5) “Mantispa / dorsalis Er[ichson].” [yellowed white, hand- species rank proposed by Handschin, 1961: 297; originally as a written]; (6) “Lectotype , / Mantispa dorsalis / Erichson, 1839 / (de- variety of Eumantispa harmandi (Navs, 1909 [“1908–1909”)]. sign. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. Holotype. Male, by monotypy. Additional type material: 1 paralectotype (MCZ), a female according to Stitz (1913: 15). Type locality. Celebes [= now Sulawesi], no specific locality. Verbatim label data. (1) “635” [yellowed white, printed]; (2) “Celebes / Notes. The lectotype is in poor condition and was ap- Stevens” [yellow, printed]; (3) “Celebes / Aerens” [yellow, handwritten, parently largely broken apart in the past. It has been last word crossed out]; (4) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (5) “Euman- repaired later, because most parts, particularly the head, tispa / harmandi Nav[s]. / ferruginea St[it]z” [yellowed white, hand- the thorax, and the right foreleg, are partly covered by written]; (6) “Eumantispa / ferruginea Stitz / det. E. Handschin / drops of glue. Additionally, it lacks the antennae, the ¼ hypogastrica N[avs].” [white, partly printed and handwritten]. raptorial complex of the right foreleg (the left raptorial Notes. The antennal tips, the right midtarsus, the right complex is detached and erroneously glued to the right hindleg, and the tip of the left hindwing are missing. trochanter), the right midleg, the hindlegs, and the api- Most of the abdomen is preserved in glycerol in a la- cal half of the right forewing. Most of the abdomen is beled microvial pinned close to the holotype. cut off and preserved in glycerol in a labelled microvial The collector of the holotype was given as “Aerens” pinned close to the specimen. by Stitz (1913: 32), which is also handwritten on label There are two specimens explicitly listed under ac- # 3. The name was corrected to “Stevens” in the mu- cession # 199 as types of M. dorsalis, which were also seum’s copy of Stitz’ (1913) monograph and on the ad- mentioned by Stitz (1913: 15) and Handschin (1960b: ditional label # 2, which was probably added to repeat 196). In 1981, the collection technician, R. Schulze, label # 3 in clear writing added a comment that only one female could be located Kuwayama (1925: 258) pointed out that E. ferrugi- at that time. The second syntype was located in the nea might possibly be just a color variant and is prob- MCZ. It bears a label written by R. G. Beard that it is ably to be synonymized with E. harmandi, a widely dis- “one of Erichson’s original 2 cotypes. Other one in Ber- tributed and rather variable species. However, lin Museum”. I designate the specimen in the ZMB, Handschin (1961: 297) considered E. ferruginea not which bears Erichson’s original identification label only to be valid and assigned it species rank, but also (# 4), as the lectotype of M. dorsalis. considered it to be more closely related to E. fuscata than to E. harmandi. fasciata (Stitz, 1913) fasciata (Stitz, 1913): 32, male, female (Climaciella / Austroclimaciel- flaveola Erichson, 1839 la) [a junior synonym; synonymized with Austroclimaciella luzo- nica (van der Weele, 1909) by Handschin, 1961: 291; originally flaveola Erichson, 1839: 168, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Perlaman- as a variety of Climaciella habutsuella Okamoto, 1910 (now in tispa) [a junior synonym; synonymized with Perlamantispa perla Austroclimaciella)]. (Pallas, 1772) by Ohl, 2004b: 197].

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Holotype (or syntypes). Female, by monotypy (see Notes below). Notes. The holotype lacks the right hindtarsal segments Type locality. Brasil, Para. II–V, and the wings are slightly creased. The metathor- Verbatim label data. (1) “207” [white, printed]; (2) “Para. / Sieber” acic venter has some holes probably eaten by dermestid [green, handwritten]; (3) “flaveola / Er.” [green, handwritten]; (4) larvae. “Mantispa / flaveola Er.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (5) “Holotype Stange & Wang (1998: 93–94) pointed out that , / Mantispa / flaveola / Erichson 1839 / R. G. Beard 1968” [white with E. fusca is possibly a color variant of E. badia.How- narrow red margin, handwritten]; (6) “This appears to be / Perlamantis- ever, the color pattern of the holotype of E. fusca, pa / perla (Pallas)! / det. / R. G. Beard 1968” [white, handwritten]; (7) which is almost entirely reddish-brown without distinct “Holotypus / Nr.” [red, printed]; (8) “Perlamantispa / icterica (Pictet) / det. R. Hall (HNRS) 1986” [white, partly printed and handwritten]. traces of yellow, is entirely different from the specimen illustrated by Stange & Wang (1998: figs 41–42), Notes. The entry in the historical accession catalogue which has considerable yellow markings. Instead, lists one specimen and repeats the label data only. E. fusca is markedly similar to the specimen in fig- The taxonomic identity of M. flaveola was discussed ures 41–42, which Stange & Wang identified as E. ba- in detail by Ohl (2004b), which is partly repeated here. dia. There is obviously need for a taxonomic evalua- The species was synonymized with Mantispa minuta tion. (Fabricius) by Penny (1982a: 459), but the holotype of M. flaveola does not belong to any known New World genus. This fact is mentioned on labels by R. G. Beard fuscipennis Erichson, 1839 pinned under the holotype and by Hoffman (1992), who both suggested that M. flaveola belongs in Perla- fuscipennis Erichson, 1839: 168, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Man- mantispa and is similar to P.perla. Ohl (2004b) has tispa) [valid]. compared the holotype of M. flaveola with P.perla, and Holotype. Male, by monotypy. with many species currently placed in Perlamantispa. Type locality. South Africa, Cape region. He found perfect agreement between M. flaveola and Verbatim label data. (1) “200” [white, printed]; (2) “Cap der guten / P.perla, which Ohl (2004b) consequently synonymized. Hoffnung [= Cape of Good Hope]” [blue, handwritten]; (3) “Type” The original, green locality label on the holotype of [dark orange, printed]; (4) “fuscipennis / Er[ichson].” [blue, handwrit- M. flaveola reads “Para / Sieber”. Sieber was an insect ten]; (5) “Mantispa / fuscipennis /Er[ichson].” [yellowed white, hand- written]. collector paid by J. C. von Hoffmannsegg (see above). It was common standard to use the green label color to Notes. The left antenna and most of the midlegs and indicate a New World locality. The label obviously re- hindlegs (except for some femoral and one tibial frag- fers to Brazil, and the specimen was clearly mislabeled ments) are missing. The abdomen is preserved in gly- at some point in the past. This must have happened be- cerol in a labeled microvial pinned close to the holo- fore 1839, when Erichson described M. flaveola. type. In the original description, Erichson (1839) explicitly mentioned a single specimen from “Kaffernland”, a German name in use at that time for the Cape region. flavocincta Stitz, 1913 However, “Kaffernland” had a much broader meaning flavocincta Stitz, 1913: 42, female (Euclimacia / Euclimacia) [valid]. than the locality given on the original label, Cape of Holotype. Female, by monotypy. Good Hope, which refers more or less to the Western Type locality. Solomon Islands, Shortland Island [07.02 S 155.47 E]. Cape Province of South Africa. Kaffernland could refer to Kaffraria, which is the region of the Eastern Cape Verbatim label data. (1) “Salomon [illegible word] / (Shortlands In- s[el].) / Ribbe” [violet, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, Province to the east of the Great Fish River. printed]; (3) “Euclimacia / flavocincta / St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]. gracilis Erichson, 1839 Notes. The flagella and the left hindleg are missing. There is a large hole on the left side of abdominal seg- gracilis Erichson, 1839: 169, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Dicroman- ment I (cuticle probably eaten away, dermestid exuviae tispa) [valid]. still present in abdomen). Holotype. Female, by monotypy. Type locality. Brasil, no specific locality. Verbatim label data. (1) “208” [white, printed]; (2) “Brasilien / fusca Stitz, 1913 Virm[ond].” [green, handwritten]; (3) “gracilis / Er[ichson].” [green, handwritten]; (4) “Mantispa / gracilis Er[ichson].” [yellowed white, fusca Stitz, 1913: 41, male (female according to Stitz, 1913) (Eucli- handwritten]; (5) “Holotypus / Nr.” [red, printed]; (6) “Flgelreste / macia / Euclimacia) [valid]. im mikroskop. / Prparat [= wing fragments in microscopic slides]” [white, handwritten]; (7) “gehrt zu / Mantispilla / B. (= Beard) [= Holotype. Male, by monotypy. belongs in Mantispilla]” [white, handwritten]. Type locality. Taiwan, no specific locality. Verbatim label data. (1) “Taiwan / Sauter” [yellow, handwritten]; (2) Notes. The holotype is completely fragmented: the head “Euclimacia / fusca St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (3) “Type” (antennae missing), prothorax, and forecoxae are still [dark orange, printed]. united, but are detached from the remaining appendages

# 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de 112 Ohl, M.: Mantispidae (Neuropterida) in the Museum fu¨ r Naturkunde, Berlin and the thorax (some tarsomeres and one leg are miss- horstaspoecki Ohl, 2004a ing). These fragments, and separately the abdomen, are horstaspoecki Ohl, 2004a: 193, male (Euclimacia / Euclimacia) preserved in glycerol in two pinned and labelled micro- [valid]. vials. Three partly tattered wings are preserved on a Holotype. Male, by original designation. microscopic slide. Erichson (1839) did not refer to the number of speci- Type locality. “Thailand: Nakhon Ratchasima, near Pak Chong. Verba- tim label data (1) Thailand, DC: Nakhon Ratchasima, Umgebung von mens he studied, but he only gave one definitive length Pak Chong, 1431060 N 10121003 E, ~400m, “Way to Batcave”, leg. (“5 lines”) instead of a length range, which implies a S. Materna & T. Schulze, 23 Sept 2003–08 Oct 2003” [white, single holotype. This is supported by entry # 208 in the printed]; (2) “Holotype Euclimacia horstaspoecki Ohl” [red, printed]. historical accession catalog (label 1), which lists one Notes. The holotype has lost some of its color, but is specimen as the type of M. gracilis. There is another otherwise in perfect condition. It was photographed specimen in the MCZ labelled as the holotype of when alive, so the original coloration has been docu- M. gracilis, which probably has no type status at all. mented (see Ohl 2004a). Virmond (label # 2; see list of collectors above) was an insect collector in Brasil in the first half of the 19th century, whose material was transferred to the ZMB in ilsae (Stitz, 1913) 1833 (Horn et al. 1990). For a redescription of D. gracilis and a complete list ilsae (Stitz, 1913): 48, female (Mantispa (Stenomantispa)/Stenoman- of synonymies see Machado & Rafael (2010). tispa) [valid]. Holotype. Female, by monotypy. Type locality. Papua New Guinea, Schrader Mountain [04.59 S grandis (Erichson, 1839) 144.02 E]. Verbatim label data (Fig. 9). (1) “Neu-Guinea / (Schraderberg.) [= grandis (Erichson, 1839): 164, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Pseudo- Schrader Mountain] / K[aiserin]. A[ugusta].fl[uß]. Exp[edition]. [= climaciella) [a junior homonym; preoccupied by Mantispa grandis Empress-Augusta-River (now Sepik River)-Expedition] / Brgers.” Gurin-Mneville in Duperrey, 1831 [“1830”]; replaced by [violet, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Mantispa M. erichsonii Gurin-Mneville, 1844 [“1829–1838”]) (now in / ilsae n. sp.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Holotypus / Nr.” Pseudoclimaciella)]. [red, printed]; (5) “Holotype , / Mantispa / (Stenomantispa) / ilsae Holotype. Female, by monotypy. Stitz 1913 / R. G. Beard 1968” [white with red margin, handwritten]. Type locality. South Africa, no specific locality. Notes. The apical half of the left hindtibia and the asso- Verbatim label data. (1) “193” [white, printed]; (2) “S[outh]. Afrika / ciated tarsal segments are missing. The wings are lar- Drge” [blue, handwritten]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) gely creased. Most of the abdomen is preserved in gly- * “Erichsoni Westw[ood]. / grandis Er. ” [green, handwritten]; (5) cerol in a labeled microvial pinned close to the “Mantispa / erichsoni / Westw[ood]” [yellowed white, handwritten]; holotype. (6) “Holotypus / Nr.” [red, printed]; (7) “Pseudoclimaciella / erichsoni Gur[in-Mneville].” [white, partly printed and handwritten]; (8) “Ho- lotype , / Mantispa grandis / Erichson 1839 / (det. M. Ohl 2002)” [red, printed]. immaculata (Stitz, 1913) Notes. The left flagellum and the right hindleg are immaculata (Stitz, 1913): 9, sex not indicated (Mantispilla / Manti- missing. The wings are slightly damaged. spa) [valid; a subspecies of Mantispa bicolor (Stitz, 1913); origin- ally as a variety of Mantispilla bicolor Stitz]. The nomenclatural status of M. grandis and M. erich- sonii was discussed in detail by Ohl (2004b) and is Holotype. Female, by monotypy. summarized here. Mantispa erichsonii was proposed as Type locality. Vietnam, Tonkin, Montes Manson. an objective replacement name for M. grandis Erichson, Verbatim label data. (1) “Tonkin / Montes Man- / son / Fruhstorffer” 1838, which is a junior primary homonym of [yellow, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Mantispil- M. grandis Gurin-Mneville in Duperrey, 1831 la / bicolor Stitz / var. immaculata / Stitz 1913” [white, handwritten]. [“1830”]. However, Westwood (1852: 255) unnecessa- Notes. The right foreleg and the right wings are lack- rily proposed M. guerinii Westwood, 1852, as the objec- ing. The raptorial complex (femur, tibia, and tarsus) of tive replacement name for M. grandis Gurin-Mneville the left foreleg is detached but pinned through the fe- in Duperrey, 1831 [“1830”], because he erroneously mur on the specimen’s pin under label # 1. considered M. grandis Erichson, 1839, to be the senior In contrast to most of the types of species described name (he also listed M. grandis Burmeister, as a senior by Stitz, the holotype of M. bicolor immaculata lacks homonym of M. grandis Gurin-Mneville in Duperrey, an original identification label handwritten by Stitz. La- 1831 [“1830”], but this name is not available; see Notes bel # 3 was probably added considerably later and is on M. chalybea Erichson, 1839). M. grandis Gurin- not in Stitz’ handwriting. Mneville in Duperrey, 1831 [“1830”] (now in Eucli- macia), is the valid name for a species from the Moluc- cas, and M. erichsonii Gurin-Mneville, 1844 [“1829– irrorata (Erichson, 1839) 1838”] (now in Pseudoclimaciella), is the correct name irrorata (Erichson, 1839): 162, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Ger- for a species from South Africa. staeckerella) [valid].

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Lectotype. Male, by present designation. Notes. The antennal tips, the left raptorial complex, and Type locality. Brasil, no specific locality. the left midleg except for a femoral fragment are miss- Verbatim label data (Fig. 5). (1) “211” [white, handwritten, not histor- ing. The wings are slightly damaged, but the venation ical]; (2) “Brasilien / Virmond.” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Type” is generally in good condition. [dark orange, printed]; (4) “irrorata / Er[ichson].* / (Mantispa)” [green, handwritten]; (5) “Lectotypus / Nr.” [red, printed]; (6) “Lecto- type < / Mantispa / irrorata /Erichson 1839 / R. G. Beard 1968” maculata (Stitz, 1913) [white with red margin, handwritten]. maculata (Stitz, 1913): 32, male, female (females only according to Additional type material. 1 male paralectotype (ZMB). Stitz, 1913) (Climaciella / Austroclimaciella) [valid; a subspecies Notes. The flagella, the left raptorial complex, the left of Austroclimaciella luzonica (van der Weele, 1909); originally as mid and hind leg, the right midtibia and tarsus, and the a variety of Climaciella habutsuella Okamoto, 1910]. right hindtiba of the lectotype are lacking. The apical Lectotype. Male, by present designation. half of the abdomen is preserved in glycerol in a mi- Type locality. Philippines, Mindoro, Naujan. crovial pinned close to the holotype. The second speci- Verbatim label data. (1) “Philippin[es]. Mindora [= now Mondoro] / men, a male, is even more complete and still has one Laguna de Nanjan [= now Naujan] / Soldanski G[eber ( ¼ donator)]” complete antenna and most legs. However, it is here de- [yellow, printed]; (2) “Syn- / Type” [dark orange, partly printed and signated as the paralectotype, because the other speci- handwritten]; (3) “Climaciella / habutsuella / maculata St[it]z” [yel- men bears Erichson’s original identification label lowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Austroclimaciella / luzonica Weele / v. maculata Stitz. / det. E. Handschin” [white, partly printed and (Fig. 5). handwritten]; (6) “Lectotype < / Climaciella / habutsuella Okamoto / var. maculata Stitz 1913 / (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. Additional type material. 1 male paralectotype (ZMB). laciniata Stitz, 1913 Notes. The lectotype is complete, except for the right laciniata Stitz, 1913: 39, female (Climaciella / Climaciella) [a junior forewing, most of which is missing. Most of the abdo- synonym; synonymized with Climaciella brunnea (Sayin Keating, men is preserved in glycerol in a labeled microvial 1824) by Handschin, 1960a: 549 (as lacinata); originally as a pinned close to the lectotype. variety of Climaciella rubescens Stitz, 1913]. Lectotype. Female, by present designation. Type locality. Mexico, no specific locality. major (Stitz, 1913)

Verbatim label data. (1) “187” [white, handwritten]; (2) “Mexico / major (Stitz, 1913): 7, sex not indicated (Mantispilla / Necyla) [ori- Deppe” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) ginally as a variety of Mantispilla formosana (Okamoto, 1910) “Climaciella / rubescens St[it]z. / v. laciniata S[tit]z.” [yellowed white, (now in Necyla); synonymized with Mantispa formosana Okamo- handwritten]; (5) “Climaciella / brunnea Say / det. E. Handschin” to, 1910 (now in Necyla) by Kuwayama, 1925 [“1924–1925”]: [white, partly printed and handwritten]; (6) “Lectotype , / Climaciella 255]. / rubescens / var. laciniata Stitz / R. Beard 1968” [white with red margin, handwritten]; (7) “Lectotype , / Climaciella rubescens / var. Lectotype. Male, by present designation. laciniata Stitz / (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. Type locality. Taiwan, Taihorin. Additional type material. 1 female paralectotype (ZMB). Verbatim label data. (1) “Formosa / (Taihorin) / Sauter 10. 11. [a date?]” [yellow, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) Notes. The lectotype lacks most of the antennae except “Mantispilla / formosana Ok[amoto] / v. major St[it]z.” [yellowed for six antennal segments of the left antenna and both white, handwritten]; (4) “Lectotype < / Mantispilla / formosana var. / scapes and pedicels. Left tarsal segments III–V and major Stitz, 1913 / (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. right segment V are missing. Additional type material. 7 paralectotypes: 1 male, 2 females, 4 sex See notes on C. rubescens for comments on the va- unknown (abdomens lacking) (ZMB). lidity of colour variations in C. brunnea. Notes. The lectotype lacks half of the right flagellum, The two type specimens of C. rubescens laciniata but is otherwise in rather good condition. I have se- were originally part of the syntype series of Mantispa lected this specimen as lectotype, because it bears varia Erichson. Stitz’ original identification label, it is a male, and it is the only complete individual among the types. In the description of M. formosana, Stitz (1913: 6) mentioned lutea (Stitz, 1913) that he has studied “a number of specimens from For- lutea (Stitz, 1913): 17, male (female according to Stitz, 1913) (Man- mosa (Taihorin), Sauter, and a few smaller ones from tispilla / Mantispa) [valid]. there, without a specific locality” (my translation). Holotype. Male, by monotypy. However, all specimens from Taiwan in the ZMB, which can be associated with M. formosana or one of Type locality. Ethiopia, Harer. its subspecies, is either from Taihorin and was collected Verbatim label data. (1) “Abessinien / (Harar) [= now Ethiopia, by Sauter, or it is from Tainan, collected by Rolle. No Harer]” [blue, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Mantispilla / lutea St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Perla- specimens from Taiwan without a specific locality mantispa / lutea (Stitz) / det. R. Hall (HNRS) 1986” [white, partly could be located in the ZMB. The smallest specimens printed and handwritten]. (2 males, 2 females) are the types of M. formosana

# 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de 114 Ohl, M.: Mantispidae (Neuropterida) in the Museum fu¨ r Naturkunde, Berlin minor and are labeled accordingly. Under the name Notes. The lectotype of M. formosana minor is in very M. formosana major, there eight specimens from Tai- good condition, as are the remaining three paralecto- horin (Sauter) and two from Tainan (Rolle), the latter types mentioned by Stitz (1913), one male and two fe- of which were probably not part of the type series. Six males. Labels # 1–2 are identical in all four specimens. of the eight specimens bear the typical orange-red type I have selected the male with Stitz’ original identifica- labels, and one has the original identification label tion label as the lectotype, which also is the only com- handwritten by Stitz (the lectotype). Since the locality plete individual. Most of the abdomen of the lectotype labels of the remaining two specimens without type la- is preserved in glycerol in a labelled microvial pinned bels are identical to those of the six individuals, I ac- close to the specimen. cept all eight specimens as syntypes of M. formosana major (there is one further pin with the same locality label but without any fragments of the original speci- nana Erichson, 1839 men. Since no structural remnants are preserved, this is nana Erichson, 1839: 169, sex not indicated. (Mantispa / Mantispa) not treated as a paralectotype). Except for the lectotype [valid]. (a male), only one female is slightly damaged. The Lectotype. Male, by present designation. other paralectotypes are mostly in very bad condition Type locality. Sudan, Dongola. and lack a varying number of wings and appendages, or even the head, thorax, or abdomen. Five wings and Verbatim label data. (1) “197” [white, printed]; (2) “Dongola / Ehr[en]b[erg].” [green, handwritten, lower half of label # 4]; (3) several other fragments are glued to cards or are pre- “Syn- / Type” [dark orange, partly printed and handwritten]; (4) “nana / served in a dry microvial. Erichs[on].*” [green, handwritten, upper half of label # 2]; (5) “Lectotype < / Mantispa / nana Erichson, 1839 / (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. major (Stitz, 1913) Additional type material. 1 male paralectotype (ZMB). major (Stitz, 1913): 20, sex not indicated (Mantispilla / Zeugomanti- Notes. The left flagellum, the right flagellar tip, most spa) [a junior synonym; synonymized with Zeugomantispa vires- of the mid and hindlegs (except for the coxae, some cens (Rambur, 1842) by Ohl, 2004b: 207; originally as a variety of Mantispa punctata (Stitz, 1913) (= Zeugomantispa virescens femoral and one tibial fragements), the forewings, and (Rambur)]. the left hindleg of the lectotype are lacking. The para- Holotype. Female, by monotypy. lectotype, also a male, still possesses the left forewing, but is otherwise also in a bad condition. The body is Type locality. Brasil, no specific locality. partly covered by dirt and mould. Verbatim label data. (1) “205” [white, handwritten]; (2) “Brasilien / There is a specimen in the MCZ, which was labeled Sello” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) “Nr. 205 ¼ / Mantispa / viridula Erichson / 1839 / Syntype!” [white, as another syntype of M. nana by Hagen. However, the handwritten]; (5) “Mantispilla / punctata St[it]z. / v. major St[it]z.” respective entry in the historical accession catalog of [yellowed white, handwritten]. the ZMB (# 197), handwritten by Erichson himself, ex- plicitly lists two specimens from Dongola, collected by Notes. Most of the left antennae is missing. The wings Ehrenberg, as types of M. nana. These two syntypes are are slightly worn, but generally intact. The abdomen is present in the ZMB, so that the specimen in the MCZ is preserved in glycerol in a microvial pinned under the was probably not part of Erichson’s original type series. holotype. For the entry in the historical accession catalog (# 205) see Notes on M. viridula Erichson. nigra (Stitz, 1913) This specimen was originally part of the syntype ser- ies of M. viridula Erichson and was transferred as the nigra (Stitz, 1913): 3, female (Mantispilla / Necyla) [a junior syno- holotype of M. major by Stitz (1913). nym; synonymized with Mantispa orientalis Esben-Petersen, 1913 (now in Necyla) by Esben-Petersen, 1917: 13]. Holotype. Female, by monotypy. minor (Stitz, 1913) Type locality. Taiwan, Hoozan. Verbatim label data. (1) “Formosa / (Hoozan) / Sauter.” [yellow, hand- minor (Stitz, 1913): 6, male, female (Mantispilla / Necyla) [valid; a written]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, partly printed and handwritten]; (3) subspecies of Necyla formosana (Okamoto, 1910); originally as a “Mantispilla / nigar St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Fuß- variety of Mantispilla formosana (Okamoto, 1910) (now in Necy- note bei / Stitz 1913, S. 3 / Mantispa [underlined] nigra sp.n.” [white, la)]. handwritten]. Lectotype. Male, by present designation. Type locality. Taiwan, Taihorin. Notes. The tips of the right forewing and the left hindwing are missing. Verbatim label data. (1) “Formosa / (Taihorin) / Sauter” [yellow, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Mantispilla / for- After the manuscript of Stitz’ (1913) monograph was mosana Ok[amoto] / v. minor St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; already set, the ZMB received a second specimen of (4) “Lectotype < / Mantispilla / formosana var. / minor Stitz, 1913 / M. nigra from Taiwan (Taihorin, collected by Sauter, (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. ZMB). Stitz studied this specimen, which convinced Additional type material. 1 male and 2 female paralectotypes (ZMB). him that M. nigra must be placed in Mantispa. Stitz

museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de # 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Zoosyst. Evol. 88 (1) 2012, 97–124 115 could not change the text, but added a footnote to the variation of M. gracilis, which Penny (1982) pointed description (p. 3) with the relevant information. Label out. This is supported by the fact that the antennal col- # 4 referred to this footnote. oration of the holotype of M. debilis nigricornis even Esben-Petersen (1917: 13) mentioned, that “M. nigra differs between the right and the left antenna. Stitz from Formosa is identical with my M. orientalis” (my translation), thus implying that his M. orientalis is the senior name. This was apparently widely accepted notha (Erichson, 1839) in the literature (e.g., Kuwayama 1925: 253; Stange & notha (Erichson, 1839): 170, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Anchieta) Wang 1997: 51). Stitz’ (1913) monograph was appar- [valid]. ently not distributed before October 1913, because on Holotype. Male, by monotypy. one of the title pages (page 1), the last line indicates Type locality. Brasil, no specific locality. “sent out on October 1913” (my translation). Esben-Pe- Verbatim label data. (1) “213” [white, printed]; (2) “Brasilien / Vir- tersen’s (1913) publication was officially sent out on 1 mond” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) September 1913, and the accession date of the ZMB “notha / Er[ichson].” [green, handwritten]; (5) “Holotypus / Nr.” [red, library is 22 Sept 1913, still before October. Conse- printed]; (6) “Holotype < !! / Mantispa / notha Erichson / 1839 / quently, M. orientalis is correctly treated as a senior sy- R. G. Beard 1968 [white with red margin, handwritten]. nonym of M. nigra (see also Ohl 2004b). Notes. The flagella are missing, and the left forewing is slightly damaged. The raptorial complex of the left foreleg is detached, but, together with the detached ab- nigricornis (Stitz, 1913) domen, preserved in glycerol in a labeled microvial nigricornis (Stitz, 1913): 19, male [female according to Stitz, 1913] pinned close to the specimen. (Mantispilla / Dicromantispa) [a junior synonym; synonymized with Dicromantispa gracilis (Erichson, 1839) by Ohl, 2004b: 168; originally as a variety of Mantispilla debilis (Gerstaecker, 1888 nubila (Stitz, 1913) [“1887”]) (= Mantispa compellens Walker, 1860); a primary ju- nior homonym of Mantispilla annulicornis var. nigricornis Ender- nubila (Stitz, 1913): 15, male [female according to Stitz, 1913] (Man- lein, 1910]. tispilla / Mantispa) [valid]. Holotype. Male, by monotypy. Holotype. Male, by monotypy. Type locality. Venezuela, Orinoco River. Type locality. Cameroon, Lolodorf. Verbatim label data. (1) “209” [white, handwritten]; (2) “Orinoco / Verbatim label data. (1) “S[d]. O[st]. Kamerun [= southeast Camer- Moritz” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) oon] / (Lolodorf.) / Conradt” [blue, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark “Mantispilla / debilis Gerst[aecker]. / v. nigricornis / St[it]z.” [yel- orange, printed]; (3) “Mantispilla / nubila St[it]z.” [yellowed white, lowed white, handwritten]. handwritten]. Notes. A few apical antennal segments are missing. Notes. The left flagellum, the left foreleg except for the The apical half of the abdomen is preserved in glycerol coxa and trochanter, the midlegs, the right hindleg, and in a labelled microvial pinned close to the holotype, the right forewing except for basal fragments are miss- which is otherwise in very good condition. ing. Tarsal segments III–V of one leg are preserved in The historical accession catalog lists two specimens a square microscope slide in a paper frame with a under # 209 (where only the original label data are giv- handwritten note that it belongs to the type of M. nubi- en), one of which is the holotype of M. debilis nigri- la. Most of the abdomen is preserved in glycerol in a cornis (Stitz) and the other the holotype of M. debilis labelled microvial pinned close to the holotype. rugicollis (Stitz). The holotype is a male. The unique diagnostic char- nuda (Stitz, 1913) acter of M. debilis nigricornis that Stitz (1913) empha- sized is still perfectly preserved: the series of pale red- nuda (Stitz, 1913): 19, female (Mantispilla / Dicromantispa) [a junior dish-brown antennal segments (except for the yellow synonym; synonymized with Dicromantispa debilis (Gerstaecker, scape) is interrupted by the deep black antennal seg- 1888 [“1887”]) by Ohl, 2004b: 168; originally as a variety of Mantispa debilis Gerstaecker, 1888 [“1887”]]. ments VIII–X (right antenna) and VII–VIII (left anten- na). No other Neotropcial Mantispidae seems to have Holotype. Female, by monotypy. an antennal color pattern like M. debilis nigricornis. Type locality. Surinam, Paramaribo. However, the ectoprocts of the male genitalia have two Verbatim label data. (1) “210” [white, printed]; (2) “Paramaribo / finger-like, toothed projections each at the inner, pos- Dohrn” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) terior margin, which is a unique character of M. gracilis “Mantispilla / debilis Gerst[aecker]. / v. nuda St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]. within Mantispa according to Penny (1982: 441). The holotype of M. debilis nigricornis also has the diagnos- Notes. The left antenna and the terminal tarsal segment tic combination of a dorsal and ventral medial dark line of the right midleg are missing. The wing membranes on the abdomen. M. debilis nigricornis is very likely are slightly tattered, but the venation is complete. The synonymous with M. gracilis (Ohl 2004b). The antennal abdomen is preserved in glycerol in a microvial pinned color pattern may be a result of extensive overall color under the specimen.

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The holotype of M. debilis nuda is a female and Notes. The holotype is in good condition, but the ex- lacks characters necessary even for species group as- treme tip of the left forewing and most of the antennae signment in Mantispa, which is entirely based on char- are missing. The wing membranes are somewhat da- acters of male genitalia (Penny, 1982a). M. debilis nuda maged, but the venation is intact. Mantispa pallescens was originally based on minor color differences, and Navs, 1914, a junior synonym of Mantispa minuta Penny (1982a) showed that most species of Mantispidae (Fabricius, 1775), is a secondary junior homonym of in South America are markedly variable in this respect. M. pallescens (Stitz). However, the holotype of M. debilis nuda shows some morphological differences to Penny’s description of M. debilis (= M. compellens Walker, 1860) and to other personata (Stitz, 1913) specimens assigned to M. compellens in the ZMB. The personata (Stitz, 1913): 40, female [male according to Stitz, 1913] holotype of M. debilis nuda is considerably larger than (Euclimacia / Climaciella) [valid, see Notes below]. M. compellens: forewing length is 14.0 mm (Penny Holotype. Female, by monotypy. 1982a: 10–11.5 mm in female M. compellens). Addi- Type locality. Bolivia, Santa Cruz de la Sierra. tionally, the holotype of M. debilis nuda has three radial veins originating from the second radial cell in the Verbatim label data. (1) “Bolivia / Steinbach” [green, handwritten]; (2) “Bolivien / Prov[ince]. Sara Dep. S[an]t[a] Cruz / de la Sierra hindwing, whereas M. compellens has only two radial [17.48 S 63.10 W] 500m / J. Steinbach S[ammler (= collector)]. V[er- veins in this position. The color of the pterostigma of kufer (= seller)].” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, M. debilis nuda is reddish-brown, which corresponds to printed]; (4) “Euclimacia / personata St[itz].” [yellowed white, hand- the situation in M. compellens, but the holotype of written]; (5) “Holotypus / Nr.” [red, printed]; (6) “Climaciella / perso- M. gracilis is similar. Moreover, the holotype of M. de- nata St[itz]. / det. E. Handschin” [white, partly printed and handwrit- bilis nuda shares the combination of the large body size ten]. and two hindwing radial veins with M. gracilis. Notes. The antennae except for the scapes and pedicels and the left midtarsal segments are missing. Both com- pound eyes are destroyed. The wings are largely tat- ornata Stitz, 1913 tered in the apical half. At the time of description, the ornata Stitz, 1913: 35, male (female according to Stitz, 1913) (Clima- holotype of C. personata was in very good condition, ciella / Pseudoclimaciella) [a junior synonym; synonymized with as Stitz’ (1913) description and particularly the photo- Pseudoclimaciella apicipennis (Kolbe, 1897) by Handschin, graph (Stitz 1913: fig. 35) clearly clearly show. The 1960a: 225]. apical third of the abdomen is preserved in glycerol in Holotype. Male, by monotypy. a labelled microvial pinned close to the holotype. The Type locality. Togo, Klein-Popo [06.14 N 01.36 E]. remaining abdomen is stuffed with a woolly material Verbatim label data. (1) “Togo / (Klein-Popo) / Conradt.” [blue, hand- and, probably as a result, is artificially swollen. written]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Climaciella / ornata Handschin (1960a: 553) emphasized the striking si- St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Holotypus / Nr.” [red, milarities between C. personata and C. semihyalina. printed]; (5) “Pseudoclimaciella / apicipennis Kol[be] / det. E. Climaciella semihyalina is a very distinctive species, Handschin” [white, partly printed and handwritten]; (6) “Pseudoclima- ciella / apicipennis (Kolbe) / det. R. Hall (HNRS) 1984” [white, being one the darkest Climaciella known (Penny 1982a: partly printed and handwritten]. 454). The holotype of C. personata is much paler, with considerable pale-reddish markings on thorax and abdo- Notes. The left flagellum, the right foreleg (except for men, but it shares with C. semihyalina the bluish reflec- the raptorial complex, which is glued onto a card tions of the black parts of the abdomen. Handschin pinned with the specimen), the left forelef except for (1960a: 553) concluded that the paler coloration of the coxa and trochanter, the right hindtarsal segments III– holotype of C. personata may be age-related, incom- V, a small piece of the left forewing apex, and most of plete melanization and that C. personata and C. semi- the apical half of left hindwing are missing. Most of hyalina may be conspecific. the abdomen is preserved in glycerol in a labeled mi- crovial pinned close to the specimen. For a full bibliography and a discussion of the status picta Stitz, 1913 of P.ornata see Handschin (1960b: 225). picta Stitz, 1913: 45, female (Calomantispa / Calomantispa) [valid]. Holotype. Female, by monotypy. pallescens Stitz, 1913 Type locality. Australia, New South Wales, no specific locality. pallescens Stitz, 1913: 22, female (Mantispa / Mantispa) [valid]. Verbatim label data. (1) “N[ew]. S[outh]. Wales / Staudinger” [violet, handwritten]; (2) “Calomantispa / picta St[it]z.” [yellowed white, Holotype. Female, by monotypy. handwritten]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) “Holotypus / Nr.” Type locality. Borneo, no specific locality. [red, printed]. Verbatim label data. (1) “Borneo / Martin Schmidt S[ammler (= col- lector)]. V[erkufer (= seller)]” [yellow, printed]; (2) “Type” [dark or- Notes. The antennae except for scapes and pedicels, the ange, printed]; (3) “Mantispa / pallescens / St[it]z” [yellowed white, right mid tiba and tarsus, and the left hind tarsal seg- handwritten]. ments III–V are missing. The apical half of the abdo-

museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de # 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Zoosyst. Evol. 88 (1) 2012, 97–124 117 men is preserved in glycerol in a labelled microvial Notes. All three syntypes are in relatively poor condi- pinned close to the holotype. tion and lack various appendages. The lectotype lacks See Lambkin (1986b: 6) for a full bibliography and a most of the antennae, the right hind tarsomeres and the redescription. tip of the tibia, the left midleg, and the left hindleg ex- cept for coxa and femur. The left forewing is glued to a small card pinned under the specimen. The right platycephala (Stitz, 1913) wings are attached to each other and are largely da- maged basally. The abdomen is preserved in glycerol in platycephala (Stitz, 1913): 26, female (Mantispa / Campion) [a junior synonym; synonymized with Campion tenuistriga (Gerstaecker, a microvial pinned under the specimen. One paralecto- 1885) by Lambkin, 1986b: 18]. type lacks the left antenna, the left foretarsomeres and Holotype. Female, by monotypy. the foretibia, and the right hindtarsomeres. The left wings are largely destroyed with some basal fragments Type locality. Southern Australia, Yorktown. still present. The right wings are slightly damaged. The Verbatim label data. (1) “S. Australien / Yorktown / Jung S[ammler second paralectotype lacks the left antennal apex, the ( ¼ collector)].” [violet, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Mantispa / platycephala / St[it]z.” [yellowed white, right midleg except for the coxa, and the left hindleg handwritten]; (4) “Campion / platycephala (Stitz) / det. R. Hall except for coxa and femur. The right and left wing (HNRS) 1986” [white, partly printed and handwritten]. pairs are attached to each other and are largely da- maged, with the tips destroyed. There are two addi- Notes. Left foreleg except for coxa missing. Right an- tional leg fragments (tibia and all tarsomeres) preserved tenna glued on label (3). As pointed out by Lambkin on two microscope slides in paper frames, which bear a (1986b), the specimen has lost its original coloration handwritten note that they belong to the type series. and is completely pale brown. Since tibiae and tarsi are detached in more than one syntype, they cannot be associated with the original specimen, respectively. prolixa (Erichson, 1839) I have selected the female with Stitz’ original identi- prolixa (Erichson, 1839): 163, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Paraman- fication label and with the abdomen preserved in gly- tispa) [valid]. cerol as the lectotype, although the wings are badly da- Lectotype. Female, by present designation. maged. The remaining syntypes are accordingly Type locality. Brasil, no specific locality. designated as paralectotypes. Verbatim label data. (1) “191” [white, printed]; (2) “Brasilien, / M. punctata is clearly a junior synonym of the Sello.” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Syn- / Type” [dark orange, printed]; widely distributed Neotropical M. minuta (Fabricius), (4) “prolixa / Er[ichson].” [green, handwritten]; (5) “Mantispa / pro- although no males of M. punctata are available for ex- lixa Er[ichson].” [yellowed white, handrittwn]; (6) “Lectotypus / Nr.” amination of the genitalia. The three types belong to [red, printed]; (7) “Lectotype , / Mantispa / prolixa / Erichson 1839 / the phenon with extensive red pigmentation on the R. G. Beard 1968” [white with red margin, handwritten]; (7) “Lecto- frons behind the antennae (Penny 1982a: 461). See also type < / Mantispa prolixa / Erichson, 1839 / (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. Machado & Rafael (2010) for more details. Additional type material. 1 female paralectotype (ZMB). pygmaea (Stitz, 1913) Notes. The lectotype lacks the left flagellum. Most of the abdomen is preserved in glycerol in a labeled mi- pygmaea (Stitz, 1913): 16, sex unknown [abdomen lacking] (Manti- crovial pinned close to the specimen. spilla / Mantispa) [valid]. The historical accession catalog lists two specimens Holotype. Sex unknown, by monotypy. as types of M. prolixa. Both are females and in good Type locality. Tanzania, Mombo. condition, and I have selected the specimen with Erich- Verbatim label data. (1) “D[eutsch]. O[st]. Afrika [= now Tanzania]” son’s original label as the lectotype. [blue, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Mantispil- la / pygmaea / St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]. Notes. Most of the left foreleg, the right hindleg, and punctata (Stitz, 1913) the abdomen are lacking. Some damaged fragments, punctata (Stitz, 1913): 20, female (Mantispilla / Zeugomantispa)[a probably most of the missing hindleg, are preserved in junior synonym; synonymized with Zeugomantispa virescens a square microscope slide in a paper frame with a (Rambur, 1842) by Ohl, 2004b: 207]. handwritten note that it belongs to the type of M. pyg- Lectotype. Female, by present designation. maea. Type locality. Brasil, Mato Grosso. Verbatim label data. (1) “Matto Grosso / Rohde S[ammler (= collec- reinhardi (Stitz, 1913) tor)].” [green, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Mantispilla / punctata St[it]z” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (5) reinhardi (Stitz, 1913): 24, female (Mantispa / Stenomantispa) [valid]. “Lectotype , / Mantispilla / punctata Stitz, 1913 / (design. M. Ohl)” Holotype. female, by monotypy. [red, printed]. Type locality. Papua New Guinea, Sepik River, Malu [approx. 04.14 S Additional type material. 2 female paralectotypes (ZMB). 142.52 E].

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Verbatim label data. (1) “D[eutsch]. N[eu]. Guinea / K[aiserin]. Notes. The left flagellum, the left midtarsal segments A[ugusta]. Fl[uß]. Exp[edition]. [= Empress-Augusta-River (now Se- III–V, and the left hindwing are missing. Most of the pik River)-Expedition] / Brgers.” [greyish (probably discolored, ori- left foreleg and the hindlegs are detached and glued ginally violet), handwritten]; (2) “Fundort: D[eutsch]. N[eu]. Guinea / into a card pinned with the holotype. Tergum III is Standlager bei Malu [= permanent camp near Malu]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Mantispa / reinhardi / St[it]z.” [yellowed white, completely destroyed, probably eaten away. handwritten]; (4) “Holotypus / Nr.” [red, printed]; (5) “Holotype , / Mantispa / (Stenomantispa) / reinhardi St[i]tz 1913 / R. G. Beard 1968” [white with red margin, handwritten]. rugicollis (Stitz, 1913) Notes. Except for the left flagellum is missing, the ho- rugicollis (Stitz, 1913): 19, female (Mantispilla / Dicromantispa)[a lotype is in very good condition. The apical half of the junior synonym; synonymized with Dicromantispa gracilis (Erich- son, 1839) by Ohl, 2004b: 168; originally as a variety of Manti- abdomen is preserved in glycerol in a labeled microvial spilla debilis Gerstaecker, 1888 [„1887”]]. pinned close to the holotype. Holotype. Female, by monotypy. Type locality. Venezuela, Orinoco River. rubescens Stitz, 1913 Verbatim label data. (1) “209” [white, printed]; (2) “Orinoco / Moritz” [green, handwritten]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) rubescens Stitz, 1913: 37, female (Climaciella / Climaciella) [a junior “rugicollis / Mor[itz].” [green, handwritten]; (5) “Mantispilla / debilis synonym; synonymized with Climaciella brunnea (Say in Keating Gerst[aecker]. / v. rugicollis St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]. 1824) by Handschin 1960a: 546]. Holotype. Female, by monotypy. Notes. The tip of the right antenna and the left hindtar- sus are missing. The left forewing is slightly tattered. Type locality. Mexico, Tabasco [misspelled as Tabacco by Stitz, 1913]. The historical accession catalogue lists two speci- Verbatim label data. (1) “Mexiko / (Tabasco) / Gugelmann” [green, mens under # 209 (where only the original label data handwritten]; (2) “J[ou]r[nal]. No. 645/1913” [white, partly printed and handwritten]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) “Climaciella are given), one of which is the holotype of M. debilis / rubescens St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (5) “Holotype , / rugicollis (Stitz) and the other the holotype of M. de- Climaciella / rubescens / Stitz 1913 / R. Beard 1968” [white with red bilis nigricornis (Stitz). margin, handwritten]. The holotype of M. debilis rugicollis is a female and Notes. The apical two midtarsal segments and the tip of consequently lacks characters necessary even for spe- the right forewing are missing. The left hindwing is de- cies group assignment in Mantispa, which is entirely tached and glued onto a gard pinned with the holotype. based on characters of male genitalia (Penny 1982a). The left forewing and the right hindwing are slightly M. debilis rugicollis was originally based on minor col- damaged. or differences, and Penny (1982a) showed that most Label # 2 refers to a list provided by the collector, species of Mantispidae in South America are markedly Gugelmann, which includes the specimens transferred variable in this respect. However, the holotype of to the ZMB. No more information is provided. M. debilis rugicollis also has a largely transversely ru- Handschin (1960a: 547) emphasized the considerable gose pronotum, which I have not seen in any other color variation of Climaciella brunnea (Say) and syno- Neotropical Mantispa. The holotype also as three radial nymized C. rubescens Stitz (and its two varieties, uni- veins originating from the second radial cell, but ac- color Stitz and laciniata Stitz) with C. brunnea. The cording to Penny (1982a), M. debilis (= M. compellens) types of all three species and varieties are remarkably has only two veins. The forewing length of typical fe- uniformly reddish-brown, completely lacking traces of males of M. compellens is 10–11.5 mm, but the holo- the distinctive pattern of pale and dark parts in typical type of M. debilis rugicollis is slightly larger C. brunnea. According to Handschin, this may be the (12.2 mm). Remarkably, Stitz (1913: 19) mentioned a result of age-related, incomplete melanization in young specimen from Columbia in the ZMB (sex not indi- specimens. cated), which has the general coloration similar to M. debilis rugicollis but with darker femora as in M. compellens. It also has an only slightly rugose pro- rubida (Stitz, 1913) notum. Stitz considered it to be intermediate between M. compellens and M. debilis rugicollis. I was unable rubida (Stitz, 1913): 35, sex not indicated (Climaciella / Pseudocli- to locate this specimen in the ZMB. See Machado & maciella) [valid; species rank proposed by Handschin, 1960b: 220; originally as a variety of Climaciella grandis (Erichson, Rafael (2010) for more details. 1839) (= Pseudoclimaciella erichsonii (Gurin-Mneville, 1844 [“1829–1838”])]. sarta Stitz, 1913 Holotype. Male, by monotypy. Type locality. Tanzania, Lake Nyasa, Langenburg. sarta Stitz, 1913: 35, sex not indicated (Climaciella / Pseudoclima- ciella) [originally as a variety of Climaciella grandis (Erichson) Verbatim label data. (1) “D[eutsch]. O[st]. Afrika / Langenb[urg]. / (= Pseudoclimaciella erichsonii (Gurin-Mneville, 1844 [“1829– II.[18]98 / Flleborn” [blue, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, 1838”])); species rank proposed by Handschin, 1960a: 222; valid]. printed]; (3) “Climaciella / rubida St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwrit- ten]; (4) “Holotypus” [red, printed]; (5) “Pseudoclimaciella / rubida Holotype. Female, by monotypy. (Stitz) / det. E. Handschin” [white, partly printed and handwritten]. Type locality. Cameroon, Limbe.

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Verbatim label data. (1) “Kamerun / (Victoria) [= now Limbe] / Pre- stitzi Handschin, 1960b uss” [blue, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Cli- maciella / sarta St[it]z” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Holoty- stitzi Handschin, 1960b: 218, female (Pseudoclimaciella / Pseudocli- pus” [red, printed]; (5) “Pseudoclimaciella / sarta Stitz / det. E. maciella) [valid]. Handschin” [white, partly printed and handwritten]. Holotype. Female, by monotypy. Notes. The wings are rather creased, slightly damaged, Type locality. Tanzania, Morogoro, Mikese. and covered with dirt. The abdomen is laterally col- Verbatim label data (Fig. 11). (1) “D[eutsch]. O[st]. Afrika / Moro- lapsed, but otherwise, the holotype is in good condi- goro, Mikesse [= now Mikese] / Janensch S[ammler (= collector)]. tion. G[eber (= donator)].” [blue, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Pseudoclimaciella / stitzi n. sp. / det. E. Handschin” [white, partly printed and handwritten]. simplex Stitz, 1913 Notes. The flagellum and hindtarsal segments III–V are simplex Stitz, 1913: 23, male (Mantispa / Mantispa) [valid]. missing. The wings are slightly tattered. Stitz (1913: 34) described the holotype of P.stitzi Holotype. Male, by monotypy. as belonging in C. grandis (Erichson) (now P.erichso- Type locality. Celebes [= now Sulawesi], no specific locality. ni), but with “a few minor differences” (my transla- Verbatim label data. (1) “636” [yellowed white, printed]; (2) “Celebes tion). Handschin (1960b: 218) pointed out that the de- / Stevens” [yellow, printed]; (3) “Celebes / Aerens [first letters almost gree of colour differences between P.erichsonii and illegible]” [yellow, handwritten, last word crossed out]; (4) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (5) “Mantispa / simplex St[it]z” [yellowed the three varietes Stitz (1913) described (one un- white, handwritten]. named, ‘var. rubida’, and ‘var. sarta’), is similar and warrant species rank. Consequently, Handschin de- Notes. Most of the left mid- and forelegs and left an- scribed the unnamed variety as a new species, stitzi, tenna are missing. The midleg coxa and femur were which is close to P.erichsoni, P.rubida, P.sarta, and imperfectly glued to the thorax. The abdomen was cut P.loanga Navs. behind segment I, and the posterior segments are pre- served in glycerol in a labelled microvial pinned close to the holotype. Label # 1 refers to the accession number of the his- sumatrana (Stitz, 1913) torical Neuroptera accession catalogue, which listed the sumatrana (Stitz, 1913): 7, female (Mantispilla / Necyla) [valid; a specimen as “Mantispa spec.”, including all label data. subspecies of Necyla formosana (Okamoto, 1910); originally as a The entry was later corrected to “Mantispa simplex variety of Mantispilla formosana (Okamoto, 1910) (now in Necy- Stitz* 1913”. The collector of the holotype was given la)]. as “Aerens” by Stitz (1913: 24), which is also handwrit- Lectotype. Female, by present designation. ten on label # 3. The name was corrected in handwrit- Type locality. Indonesia, Sumatra, Deli [region?, ¼ probably now La- ing to “Stevens” in the museum’s copy of Stitz’ (1913) buhandeli at 03.45 N 98.41 E], Siboelangit [? = Sibolangit at 03.19 N monograph and on label # 2, which was probably added 98.35 E]. to repeat label # 3 in clear writing. Verbatim label data. (1) “Sumatra, Deli / Siboelangit / Jachan V[er- kufer (= seller)]” [yellowed white, printed]; (2) “Mantispilla / formo- sana Ok[amoto] / v. sumatrana St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; stigmata (Stitz, 1913) (3) “Syn- / Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) “Lectotype , / Manti- spilla / formosana var. / sumatrana Stitz, 1913 / (design. M. Ohl)” stigmata (Stitz, 1913): 20, male (Mantispilla / Zeugomantispa) [a ju- [red, printed]. nior synonym; synonymized with Zeugomantispa virescens (Ram- Additional type material. 2 female paralectotypes (ZMB). bur, 1842) by Ohl, 2004b: 207]. Holotype. Male, by monotypy. Notes. The lectotype lacks the left midtibia and midtar- Type locality. Brasilien, San Leopoldina. sal segments. Stitz (1913: 7) listed three females as types of M. formosana sumatrana, which are all in Verbatim label data. (1) “San Leopoldina / Brasilien / Staudinger K.” [green, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Manti- comparatively good condition and have clear colora- spilla / stigmata St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]. tion. I have selected the specimen with Stitz’ original identification label as the lectotype. This individual is Notes. The antennae are missing except for the also the largest among the types and is in the best con- scapes. Only some basal fragments of the hindlegs are dition. Labels # 1 and 3 are identical in all three speci- preserved. The tibia and coxa and most of the femur mens. of the left hindleg are preserved on a square micro- scope slide in a paper frame pinned close to the spe- cimen. The abdomen is detached and preserved in glycerol in a labelled microvial pinned close to the taeniata Stitz, 1913 holotype. taeniata Stitz, 1913: 31, female (Eumantispa / Eumantispa) [valid; Examination of the male genitalia clearly shows that species rank proposed by New, 1986: 129; originally as a variety M. stigmata is conspecific with M. minuta (Fabricius, of Eumantispa harmandi (Navs 1909 [“1908–1909”]]. 1775). See also Machado & Rafael (2010) for details. Holotype. Female, my monotypy.

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Type locality. Papua New Guinea, Sepik River area [probably near tessmanni (Stitz, 1913) Malu at 04.14. S 142.52 E]. tessmanni (Stitz, 1913): 13, male (Mantispilla / Mantispa) [valid]. Verbatim label data. (1) “D[eutsch-] N[eu-] Guinea / Malufluss [= Malu River, not verified, probably near Malu at 04.14. S 142.52 E, which is Holotype. Male, by monotypy. in the Sepik River area] / Kais[erin]-Augustafl[uß]-Exp[edition] [= Em- Type locality. Spanish Guinea [= now Equatorial Guinea], no specific press-Augusta-River (now Sepik River)-Expedition] / Brgers.” [violet, locality. printed]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Eumantispa / harmandi Verbatim label data. (1) “Span[isch].-Guinea / Tessmann” [blue, hand- Nav[s]. / v. taeniata / St[it]z” [yellowed white, handwritten]. written]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Mantispilla / tess- Notes. Most of the antennae is lacking. The apical half manni / St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]. of the abdomen is preserved in glycerol in a labeled Notes. The holotype of M. tessmanni, originally depos- microvial pinned close to the holotype. ited in the ZMB, is apparently destroyed. There are two Kuwayama (1925 [“1924–1925”]: 258) pointed out slightly damaged wings glued to small cards and that E. taeniata might be just a color variant and should pinned on the apparently original pin. The cards have a probably be synonymized with E. harmandi, a widely handwritten inscription on the reverse side saying “zu distributed and rather variable species. Handschin [= to] Mantispa tessmanni Stitz?”. In the card file of (1961) did not mention it in the revision of Indo-Aus- the Neuroptera collection, there is a note with the fol- tralian Mantispidae. lowing information: “According to a note of Dr. Wink- ler [curator of Neuropterida 1955–1969] on the loan form: specimen destroyed, on 31 May 1959 received tenella Erichson, 1839 from loan by Prof. Handschin, Basel. R. Schulze, 1981 tenella Erichson, 1839: 169, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Mantispa) [in German, my translation]”. [valid]. I compared the two wing fragments with the photo- Lectotype. Male, by present designation. graph in Stitz’ original description and the illustrations Type locality. Kap der Guten Hoffnung [= South Africa, Cape region], provided by Handschin (1960a), and they differ signifi- no specific locality. cantly. Thus, the wing fragments are probably erro- Verbatim label data. (1) “196” [white, printed]; (2) “Cap der guten / neously assigned to M. tessmanni, and the holotype of Hoffnung / Krebs” [blue, handwritten]; (3) “Syn- / Type” [dark or- this species must be regarded as lost. However, the note ange, printed, first word added in handwriting]; (4) “Tenella / Er[ich- in the ZMB catalogue seems to imply that the de- son].” [blue, handwritten]; (5) “Mantispa / tenella Er[ichson].” [yel- stroyed specimen arrived in Berlin, but it is unknown to < lowe white, handwritten]; (6) “Lectotype / Mantispa tenella / me what happened to the remnants. The two wing frag- Erichson / (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. ments present also do not belong to the holotype of Additional type material. 1 female paralectotype (ZMB). Mantispilla vulpes Stitz, 1913, which was also de- Notes. The lectotype and the paralectotype are in good stroyed during the same loan process. They may be de- condition, except for the apical halves of the antennae tached from other material on loan to Handschin, but it of the lectotype, which are missing. is unknown which species Handschin had on loan, be- The entry in the historical accession catalog listed cause the loan form is missing. two syntypes for M. tenella under # 196 (label 1). There Stitz’ original description and Handschin’s (1960a: are three specimens with historical blue, handwritten la- 182) redescription, based on the holotype and further bels in the collection, all three originating from the material, are still the only published references con- Cape region. Two of them were collected by Krebs (see cerning M. tessmanni. label 2), and these bear red printed type labels (label 3). The Verbatim label data of the third specimen is “Cap- land / Marlsburg? / Backmann” and was obviously not transversa (Stitz, 1913) part of the syntype series. The second syntype, a fe- transversa (Stitz, 1913): 5, female (Mantispilla / Mantispa) [valid]. male, is identical in having labels (1), (2), (3), and (5) Holotype. Female, by monotypy. as well, but it lacks the identification label with Erich- Type locality. Taiwan, near Tainan. son’s original handwriting (label 4). Label 5 of the paralectotype is in a different but more recent handwrit- Verbatim label data. (1) “Formosa / [almost illegible, resembles Toyenmongai] / b[ei (= near)]. Tainan Rolle V[erkufer (= seller)].” ing, but otherwise identical. I have selected the male [yellow, handwritten]; (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Manti- with Erichson’s handwriting as the lectotype of M. te- spilla / transversa St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]. nella. M. tenella is widely distributed in continental Africa Notes. The holotype lacks the left flagellum, most of from West Africa (e.g., Poivre 1982: 9) to the Cape the left forewing, and the right hindwing. Province in South Africa (see Handschin 1959, for further records). Handschin (1959: 206) observed minor trifasciata (Stitz, 1913) colour differences in southern African M. tenella and applied M. dispersa Navs, 1914, to forms of M. tenella trifasciata (Stitz, 1913): 44, male (female according to Stitz, 1913) with black maculated thoracic sides as “M. tenella var. (Symphrasis / Trichoscelia) [valid]. dispersa”. Holotype. Male, by monotypy.

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Type locality. Bolivia, no specific locality. male genitalia of C. rubescens unicolor with that of Verbatim label data. (1) “Bolivia / Steinbach” [green, handwritten]; C. brunnea (based on material in the ZMB and the (2) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Symphrasis / trifasciata illustration by Welch & Kondratieff, 1991). They are St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Holotypus / Nr.” [red, identical, so that the synonymy of C. rubescens unico- < printed]; (5) “Holotype / Trichoscelia / trifasciata / (Stitz) 1913 / lor and C. brunnea is likely, as already considered by R. G. Beard 1968 [white with red margin, handwritten]. Handschin (1960a). I follow R. G. Beard’s suggestion Notes. The holotype is pinned on a minuten pin fixed (label # 4) and select the male as the lectotype of in a small card, which is pinned together with the la- C. rubescens unicolor. bels. The right antennal tip and the right hindtibia and right hindtarsal segments of the holotype are missing. The abdomen is preserved in glycerol in a labelled mi- varia (Erichson, 1839) crovial pinned close to the specimen. varia (Erichson, 1839): 161, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Climaciel- la) [valid]. Lectotype. Female, by present designation. trivenata (Stitz, 1913) Type locality. Mexico, no specific locality. trivenata (Stitz, 1913): 29, female (Mantispa / Pseudoclimaciella) Verbatim label data. (1) “187” [white, printed]; (2) “Mexico / Deppe” [valid; a subspecies of Pseudoclimaciella tropica (Westwood, [green, handwritten]; (3) “Paratype” [dark orange, printed]; (4) “varia 1852); originally as a variety of Mantispa tropica Westwood, 1852 / Er[ichson].” [green, handwritten]; (5) “Mantispa / varia Er[ichson].” (now in Pseudoclimaciella; see Handschin, 1960a: 217)]. [yellowed white, handwritten]; (6) “Lectoparatype [sic!] / Mantispa / Holotype. Female (sex not confirmed, abdomen lost), by monotypy. varia Erichson 1839 / R. G. Beard 1968” [white with red margin, Type locality. Tanzania, Lake Nyasa, Langenburg. handwritten]; (7) “Lectotype , / Mantispa varia / Erichson / (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. Verbatim label data. (1) “Nyassa-See / Langenburg / Flleborn S[ammler (= collector)]. / xi. [18]99” [blue, handwritten]; (2) “Man- Additional type material. 3 female paralectotypes, two of which are tispilla / trivenata St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (3) “Type” syntypes of Climaciella rubescens laciniata Stitz (ZMB). [dark orange, printed]; (4) “Pseudoclimaciella / trivenata (Stitz) / det. Notes. Except for a few missing terminal antennal seg- R. Hall (HNRS) 1984” [white, partly printed and handwritten]. ments, the lectotype of M. varia is in very good condi- Notes. The antennae, the left midleg, the hindlegs, and tion. The typical coloration (see Handschin, 1960b: the abdomen are missing. 549, for details) is preserved. Label 3 of the lectotype suggests paratype status, which is erroneous, because Erichson never mentioned unicolor Stitz, 1913 a particular type status or even the number of speci- unicolor Stitz, 1913: 39, male, female [Stitz (1913) mentioned fe- mens he studied. males only] (Climaciella / Climaciella) [a junior synonym; syno- The historical accession catalogue lists four syntypes nymized with Climaciella brunnea (Say in Keating, 1824) by under # 187 (label # 1), two of which subsequently be- Handschin, 1960c: 549; originally as a variety of Climaciella ru- came the syntypes of Climaciella rubescens laciniata bescens Stitz, 1913 (= Climaciella brunnea (Say in Keating, Stitz. The remaining two female syntypes of M. varia 1824))]. bear R. G. Beard’s labels suggesting lectotype and para- Lectotype. Male, by present designation. lectotype status to them. I am not following Beard’s Type locality. Mexico, Sierra Mixteca [18.03 N 92.31 W]. suggestion, who labelled the specimen with Erichson’s Verbatim label data. (1) “Mexico / Sierra Mixteca / C.A. Purpus original identification label as paralectotype, but which S[ammler (= collector)]. V[erkufer (= seller)]” [green, printed]; (2) I designate here as the lectotype. There is another fe- “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (3) “Climaciella / rubescens St[it]z. / v. male from Mexico (Sierra Mixteca, collected by Pur- unicolor St[it]z.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (4) “Lectotype < / pus) in the ZMB, which was listed by Stitz (1913: 37) Climaciella / rubescens / var. unicolor Stitz / R. G. Beard 1968” under C. varia together with two syntypes. According [white, with red margin, handwritten]; (5) “Lectotype < / Climaciella rubescens / var. unicolor Stitz / (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. to Horn et al. (1990), the collector Carl Albert Purpus, whose material from the western United States and Additional type material. 1 female paralectotype (ZMB). Mexico was transferred to the ZMB, was born in 1851. Notes. The antennae except for the right and left scape Thus, material collected by Purpus cannot be part of and the right pedicel are missing. The tip of the right syntype series of species described by Erichson (1839). forewing was detached and is imperfectly glued to the basal part. The apical half of the abdomen is preserved in glycerol in a labeled microvial pinned close to the viridis Stitz, 1913 specimen. viridis Stitz, 1913: 29, male, female (females only according to Stitz, See Notes on C. rubescens for comments on the va- 1913) (Mantispa / Zeugomantispa) [a junior synonym; synony- lidity of colour variations in C. brunnea. Stitz (1913) mized with Zeugomantispa virescens (Rambur, 1842) by Ohl, listed two females as syntypes of C. rubescens unico- 2004b: 207; also a primary junior homonym of Mantispa viridis lor, but the specimen with Stitz’ original identification Walker, 1853 (= Zeugomantispa minuta (Fabricius, 1775))]. label is a male. The abdominal apex was already Lectotype. Male, by present designation. cleared and preserved in glycerol. I compared the Type locality. Paraguay, San Bernardino.

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Verbatim label data. (1) “Paraguay / San Bernardino / K. Fiebrig vulpes (Stitz, 1913) S[ammler (= collector)]. V[erkufer (= seller)]” [green, printed]; (2) “2523 / 22.IV.” [yellowed white, handwritten]; (3) “Syn- / Type” [dark vulpes (Stitz, 1913): 12, male (Mantispilla / Cercomantispa) [valid]. orange, printed]; (4) “Mantispa / viridis St[it]z.” [yellowed white, Holotype. Male, by monotypy. handwritten]; (5) “Lectotype < / Mantispa / viridis Stitz, 1913 / (de- Type locality. “Sd-Kamerun [= south Cameroon], Coromandel” [lo- sign. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. cality not verified]. Additional type material. 2 female paralectotypes (ZMB). Verbatim label data. Original labels not preserved. According to Notes. One paralectotype lacks the fore- and midlegs ex- handwritten note in drawer and in card catalog: “Sd-Kamerun, Coro- cept coxae, the hindlegs except left coxa and femur, the mandel, leg. Conradt”. apical half of the right hindwing, and the remaining Notes. The holotype of M. vulpes, originally deposited wings are rather damaged, but the wing venation is gener- in the ZMB, was apparently destroyed. In the card file ally intact. The second female lacks most of the antennae, of the Neuroptera collection, there is a note with the the left foreleg except coxa (detached parts glued onto a following information: “According to a note by Dr. pointed card pinned above labels), all midleg and left Winkler [curator of Neuropterida at the ZMB 1955– foreleg tarsal segments, and the left hindwing is slightly 1969] on the loan form: specimen destroyed, on 31 May damaged. The lectotype lacks most of the antennae, the 1959 received from loan by Prof. Handschin, Basel. left foreleg except coxa, and the right midtarsal segment R. Schulze, 1981” [in German, my translation]. It is V.The apical half of the abdomen is preserved in glycerol unknown, why no fragments and no original labels are in a labelled microvial pinned close the specimen. preserved. See also notes on M. tessmanni. “Coromandel” in Cameroon could not be found in available map, gazetteer, or internet resource. There viridula Erichson, 1839 are several places with that name around the world, viridula Erichson, 1839: 170, sex not indicated (Mantispa / Zeugo- but in Africa, Conradt apparantly collected in Togo mantispa) [a junior secondary homonym of Mantispa viridula and Cameroon only. Houttuyn in Stoll, 1813 (= Zeugomantispa minuta (Fabricius, See Handschin (1959a: 225) for full bibliography 1775)); the next available and, hence, valid name is Zeugoman- and a detailed redescription of M. vulpes based on ex- tispa virescens (Rambur, 1842)]. amination of the holotype. Lectotype. Female, by present designation. Type locality. Brasil, Bahia. Verbatim label data. (1) “205” [white, printed]; (2) “Bahia / Gomez” Acknowledgements [green, handwritten]; (3) “Type” [dark orange, printed]; (4) “Type , / Mantispa / viridula / Erichson 1839 / R. G. Beard 1968” [white with I thank Hannelore Landsberg und Sabine Hackethal, Historische Bild- narrow red margin, handwritten]; (5)–(6) [see Notes]; (7) “Lectotype und Schriftgutsammlung of the ZMB, for providing historical informa- , / Mantispa viridula / Erichson / (design. M. Ohl)” [red, printed]. tion on and images of collectors and scientists relevant to the Neurop- terida collection in Berlin. Daniel Burckhardt and Isabelle Zrcher- Additional type material. 1 female paralectotype, which was trans- Pfander, both from the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland, ferred to M. punctata major Stitz as its holotype (ZMB). located and sent an electronic copy of the portrait of Eduard Notes. Left foreleg except for basal fragment of coxa Handschin. Arne Khler, Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches In- detached and glued onto pointed card. Midlegs and stitut, Mncheberg, Germany, checked the archive of biographies of right hindleg missing except for coxae (one leg glued entomologists and sent me the complete entry for Charpentier. Chris- toph Breitkreuz and Herbert Kaden, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Ger- onto same card as foreleg). Complete abdomen de- many, also helped in locating information about Charpentier. Angela tached and preserved in glycerol in a labelled microvial Kießling, also from the TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany, pro- pinned close to the specimen. Tip of left forewing vided a digital image of Charpentier’s portrait from the historical slightly damaged, apical half of left hindwing missing. mining journal ‘Glck auf’ (Fig. 1). I am also thankful to Mervyn The entry in the historical accession catalog (# 205) Mansell, Pretoria, South Africa, and Michael S. Engel, Kansas, USA, lists the label data of the two syntypes. A note is added for their valuable comments and corrections, which helped to improve probably subsequently, that the specimen collected by the manuscript. Sello is transferred to M. punctata major (Stitz) as its holotype. Labels (5) and (6) are not listed above be- References cause of the extensive amount of text. The first was written by R. G. Beard and says that the specimen pre- [Anonymous] 1892. Zur hundertjhrigen Jubelfeier des kniglichen sent in the ZMB is only one of two syntypes. The other Oberbergamtes in Dortmund. – Glckauf (Berg- und Httenmn- should be in the Hagen collection at the MCZ. On the nische Zeitung. Organ des Vereins fr die bergbaulichen Interes- reverse side Beard discusses the possible lectotype sta- sen im Oberbergamtsbezirk Dortmund) 28: 565. tus of the specimens. Beard’s label is crossed out on Aspck, H. 1999. Beschreibungen und Abbildungen von Mantispiden both sides, and another anonymous label is added to in der frhen entomologischen Literatur und sterreichs Beitrag zur Erforschung der Fanghafte (Neuropterida: Neuroptera: Manti- correct Beard’s interpretation. This label pointed out spidae). – Stapfia 60: 209–244. that the second type of M. viridula was described as the Charpentier, T. von. 1820. Bemerkungen auf einer Reise von Breslau holotype of M. punctata major (Stitz, 1913), and that it ber Salzburg, durch Tyrol, die sdliche Schweitz nach Rom, is in the collection under this name, which is correct. Neapel und Paestum im Jahre 1818. Gschen, Leipzig.

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Charpentier, T. von. 1825. Horae entomologicae, adjectis tabulis Klug, F. 1850. Nekrolog [on W. F. Erichson]. – Entomologische Zeit- novem coloratis. A. Gosohorsky, Wratislaviae. schrift Stettin 11: 33–36. Enderlein, G. 1910. Klassifikation der Mantispiden nach dem Materi- Kolbe, H. J. 1897. Neuropteren – Die Netzflgler. In Mbius, K. al des Stettiner Zoologischen Museums. – Stettiner Entomolo- (ed.). Die Thierwelt Deutsch-Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete. gische Zeitung 71: 341–379. Band IV Wirbellose Thiere, Lieferung 8. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin: Esben-Petersen, P. 1913. H. Sauter’s Formosa-Ausbeute. Planipennia pp. 1–42. II, Megaloptera and Mecoptera. – Entomologische Mitteilungen 2: Kuwayama, S. 1925 [“1924–1925”]. Notes on the Japanese Mantispi- 222–228, 257–265. dae, with special reference to the morphological characters. – Esben-Petersen, P. 1917. Neue und wenig bekannte Mantispiden. – Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial Univer- Arkiv fr Zoologi 11 (10): 1–15. sity 15: 237–267 Esben-Petersen, P. 1923. Australian Neuroptera. Part v. – Proceedings Lambkin, K. J. 1986a. A revision of the Australian Mantispidae (In- of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 48: 593–600. secta: Neuroptera) with a contribution to the classification of the Gerstaecker, A. 1885 [“1884”]. Vier Decaden von Neuropteren aus der family I. General and Drepanicinae. – Australian Journal of Zool- Familie Megaloptera Burm. – Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaft- ogy, Supplementary Series 116: 1–142. lichen Vereins fr Neu-Vorpommern und Rgen in Greifswald 16: Lambkin, K. J. 1986b. A revision of the Australian Mantispidae (In- 1–49. [Dating: From the wrapper and title page of volume 16 and secta: Neuroptera) with a contribution to the classification of the from the wrapper of a separate in the ZMB library.] family II. Calomantispinae and Mantispinae. – Australian Journal Gurin-Mneville, F. Þ. 1831 [“1830”]. Nvroptres. In Duperrey, of Zoology, Supplementary Series 117: 1–113. L. I. (ed.). Voyage autor du monde, excut par ordre du roi, sur Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, A. L. M. & Audinet-Serville, J. G. 1825. la corvette de sa majest, La Coquille, pendant les annes 1822, Mantispe, Mantispa. In Latreille, P. A., Le Peletier de Saint-Far- 1823, 1824 et 1825 par M. L. I. Duperrey, [section] Zoologie, geau, A. L. M., Audinet-Serville, J. G. & Gurin[-Menville, F. E. Vol. 2, Pt. 2, div. 1. Crustacs, Arachnides et Insectes: pp. 57– (eds). Encyclopdie Mthodique. Histoire Naturelle [1782–1828], 302 [for a summary of dating history see Ohl, 2004b]. ‘Insectes.’ Vol. 10. Paris: pp. 269–270; plate 95, figs 4–5 [as Ra- Gurin-Mneville, F. Þ. 1844 [“1829–1838”]. Iconographie du rgne phidie], plate 133, figs 2–3 [as Mante]). [for a summary of dating animal de G. Cuvier, ou reprsentation d’aprs nature de l’une history see Ohl, 2004b] des espces les plus remarquables, et souvent non encore figures, Machado, R. J. P. & Rafael, J. A. 2010. Taxonomy of the Brazilian de chaque genre d’animaux. Insectes. J. B. Bailliere, Paris [for a species previously placed in Mantispa Illiger, 1798 (Neuroptera: summary of dating history see Ohl, 2004b]. Mantispidae), with the description of three new species. – Zoo- Hagen, H. A. 1859. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Neuropteren. – Stetti- taxa 2545: 1–61. ner Entomologische Zeitung 20: 405–412. Navs, L. 1914. Neurpteros de Oceania. Segunda [II] serie. – Revis- Handschin, E. 1959. Beitrge zu einer Revision der Mantispiden ta de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales (Neuroptera). I Teil. Mantispiden des “Muse Royal du Congo de Madrid 12: 645–653. Belge”, Tervuren. – Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Afri- New, T. R. 1986. 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