BROTHERTON Revolutionary Medicine Health and the Body In

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

BROTHERTON Revolutionary Medicine Health and the Body In REVOLUTIONARY MEDICINE EXPERIMENTAL FUTURES TECHNOLOGICAL LIVES, SCIENTIFIC ARTS, ANTHROPOLOGICAL VOICES A series edited by Michael M. J. Fischer and Joseph Dumit P. Sean Brotherton REVOLUTIONARY MEDICINE HEALTH AND THE BODY IN POST-SOVIET CUBA DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS DURHAM AND LONDON 2012 ∫ 2012 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper $ Designed by Nicole Hayward Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. published with the assistance of the frederick w. hilles publication fund of yale university. To my parents, Ivan and Delcita Brotherton CONTENTS List of Illustrations / ix List of Tables / xi Prologue / xiii Preface: An Ethnography of Contradictions / xv Acknowledgments / xxv Introduction: Bodies in States of Crisis / 1 PART I. BIOPOLITICS IN THE SPECIAL PERIOD / 13 1. The Biopolitics of Health / 15 2. Expanding Therapeutic Itineraries / 35 PART II. SOCIALIST GOVERNMENTALITY, PUBLIC HEALTH, AND RISK / 55 3. Medicalized Subjectivities / 57 4. Curing the Social Ills of Society / 84 5. Preventive Strategies and Productive Bodies / 111 PART III. WE HAVE TO THINK LIKE CAPITALISTS BUT CONTINUE BEING SOCIALISTS / 145 6. Turismo y Salud, S.A.: The Rise of Socialist Entrepreneurs / 147 7. My Doctor Keeps the Lights On / 169 Conclusion: Bodies Entangled in History / 182 Coda / 191 Notes / 193 Bibliography / 219 Index / 245 ILLUSTRATIONS part i. josé martí sculpture. 13 1. Medicina tradicional y natural (mtn) pharmacy in Havana. 43 2. Huerto (garden) of medicinal plants. 48 part ii. use me. cooperate with me to keep the city clean and healthy. 55 3. A personal collection of medicines. 58 4. Elimination of poliomyelitis in Cuba. 71 5. Vaccinations against bcg tuberculosis. 71 6. Listen to this friend . ! 73 7. Parasitism: Measures of control. 73 8. Parasitism: Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm). 73 9. Hygiene Is Health. Let’s Make Cuba the Healthiest Country in the World. 74 10. To a child with vomiting and diarrhea . 74 11. What do you know about your health? Infectious hepatitis. 75 12. The functions of nutrition. 75 13. For this child, we are all caregivers. 79 14. For this child who is to be born, we are all caregivers . and for you as well! 79 15. Why? You have a right to be healthy. 81 16. To smoke is to ‘‘burn’’ your health. 81 17. An mef consultorio. 88 18. Organization of the sns parallels politico administration. 91 19. Flowchart of basic health statistics. 117 part iii. in cuba there will be no shift toward capitalism. 145 20. Cubanacán Turismo y Salud. 149 21. The return of Western Union to Cuba. 151 22. Cira García International Clinic. 153 23. Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras. 154 24. Advertisements for some of Cuba’s international clinics and research centers. 155 25. Ópticas Miramar. 158 26. mediCuba. 162 27. Advertisement for Spirulina, a vitamin. 166 28. Cubita co√ee: Lo Mío Primero. 166 29. Mission Inside the Neighborhood. 171 30. Operation Miracle. 171 31. Cuban medicine: Experience, know-how, and techniques for healing. 175 TABLES 1. Cuba’s Public Health Statistics, 2009. 87 2. Detailed Description of Risk Groups for Analyzing the Health Situation of a Community. 116 3. mef Guidelines for Assessing Socioeconomic Factors in Health Areas. 118 PROLOGUE Walking along the streets of the formerly posh suburbs of Havana, I am always struck by the contrast between the old and new, now fused together. The streets resemble a bricolage of di√erent centuries, and each house I pass seems to reveal a new style, era, or simply an invention born of necessity. Romanesque pillars painted in soothing pastel colors, now faded, complement large windows and crumbling balconies that contrast with decorative rusting ironwork and gardens in disarray. It is not uncommon to find a bust of the Cuban independence fighter José Martí standing proudly in the center of many of these gardens, an image of his head and a revolutionary slogan engraved on a small plaque partly shrouded by encroaching weeds. In contrast to this serene image is the blaring sound of American pop music coming out of 1950s-model Fords and Chevrolets with large Sony or Panasonic speakers from the U.S.-dollar store placed strategically in the cars’ rear windows. The booming, repetitive bass and synthesized voices remind me that, despite appearances, we are in the new millennium. Laundry hanging out of ornate colonial windows and the buzzing sound of pressure cookers softening the daily fare of frijoles negros (black beans) are accompanied by the shrill laughter of brightly uniformed children on their way home from school. People standing in a winding queue in front of the local bodega (ration store) converse, laugh, and share a collective sigh, as most of the daily rations fail to arrive or simply run out. Unbothered by a river of water flowing from a broken pipe in the street, people smile obligingly as a passing tourist snaps a photo of what is, for him, a novelty: Cubans lining up for bread. These are the participants in the making of history, as it passes by in a series of rhythmic beats. PREFACE ETHNOGRAPHY OF CONTRADICTIONS In a crowded theater in Havana in the summer of 2000, as I sat watching the Cuban-directed and Cuban-produced movie of the year, Un Paraíso bajo las estrellas (A paradise under the stars)—incidentally, this is also the motto of the Tropicana, the infamous Cuban cabaret that features voluptuous danc- ing girls—the audience roared with laughter and shouted comments about the unfolding drama. One part of the movie that generated a particularly vociferous response was the demise of one of the secondary characters, who, while arguing with his neighbors, slipped o√ a bridge and fell to his death, standard fare in a Cuban soap opera. What was most remarkable about this death, however, was the character’s rebirth. During his funeral, his ex-wife, a Cuban living in Spain, arrived with her arms weighed down with shopping bags and boxes and dressed in the latest designer wear. The center of attention immediately shifted from the de- ceased to the newly arrived cubana de afuera (Cuban living abroad) and her declaration that she had brought regalitos (little presents) for everybody. While the mourners surrounded her, the deceased, not to be left out of the general mayhem of gift distribution, suddenly awoke. The mourners, stunned into disbelief, began to question him. ‘‘What happened?,’’ they cried out. Responding quite matter-of-factly he stated, ‘‘When I got to Heaven, they wouldn’t let me in because the entrance fee was in divisa [U.S. dollars].’’ Rejoicing in his rebirth, the mourners silently accepted the reality that the afterlife is merely an extension of everyday life, in which access to divisa shapes lives and experiences di√erentially. The audience in the theater screamed out in jest, ‘‘Vaya, no es fácil!’’ (It is not easy!). A woman sitting next to me shook her head and grumbled, ‘‘This country is shit.’’ A man yelled out, ‘‘Oye [listen], there is nothing left in this country that isn’t in divisa!’’ In Cuba today a deep discontent runs beneath the reiteration of revolu- tionary catechisms. In myriad ways Cubans are beginning both to voice serious concerns and to poke fun at the situation in which they find them- selves. Whereas once o≈cial state rhetoric served as a political summons to rally the population, even if superficially, the conspicuous reemergence of haves and have-nots, defying the socialist discourse of egalitarianism, leaves the government exposed to widespread criticism at unprecedented levels, often in public forums. As the state continues to defend its socialist aspira- tions, individual citizens, long accustomed to the basic necessities and the few extra luxuries furnished by the revolution, are starting to feel the e√ects of a prolonged economic crisis now that this material well-being is no longer guaranteed. More important, citizens are beginning to question and chal- lenge the rebirth of a class-stratified economy in which possession of divisa indexes di√erential access to basic goods and services and to rampant con- sumerism by the privileged few who reside in the upper layer of this multi- tiered economy. Like other spheres of Cuban society, the health care system has been at the center of recent macroeconomic transformations, such as the socialist government’s pursuit of a dual economy using Cuban pesos and U.S. dollars (now substituted by pesos convertibles).∞ This book examines how these re- forms characterize some of the implicit contradictions of everyday life and, importantly, shape individuals’ experiences with institutions of the state. Nowhere are these contradictions more evident than in Cuba’s socialist health policies, which are currently undergoing revisions, experiencing con- straints, and meeting obstacles as the country’s current financial woes pose serious challenges to the state’s ability to keep the underlying principles of the socialist government intact. While many social scientists have examined public health care in Cuba, none have ethnographically explored how health reform might be analyzed in terms of larger economic and political considerations, many of them external to Cuba, as well as in terms of changing practices in the everyday lives of citizens. To address these concerns, I ground this book in what I call an ethnog- raphy of contradictions, and, in order to map such an ethnography, I advocate a theoretically promiscuous approach, one that is wedded not to a single theoretical camp or framework, but to an engagement with a diverse body of xvi Preface recent scholarship on the anthropology of the state, critical-interpretive medi- cal anthropology, and postcolonial and postsocialist studies.
Recommended publications
  • Cuba's Food & Agriculture Situation Report, USDA, 2008
    Cuba’s Food & Agriculture Situation Report by Office of Global Analysis, FAS, USDA March 2008 Table of Contents Page Executive Summary........................................................................................................................ 1 Cuba’s Food & Agriculture Situation Report ................................................................................. 3 The Historical Context Underlying U.S.–Cuban Relations..................................................... 3 Economic Background.............................................................................................................4 Cuba’s Natural Resource Base and Demographic Characteristics .......................................... 8 Population, Food Consumption and Nutrition Issues ............................................................ 14 Tourism and the Demand for Agricultural Products.............................................................. 17 Cuba’s Market Infrastructure and the Role of Institutions in Cuba’s Food and Agricultural Sector............................................................................................................ 18 Cuba’s International Trade Situation..................................................................................... 29 Other Observations ................................................................................................................ 33 Summary and Conclusions .................................................................................................... 33 Addendum
    [Show full text]
  • Slum Clearance in Havana in an Age of Revolution, 1930-65
    SLEEPING ON THE ASHES: SLUM CLEARANCE IN HAVANA IN AN AGE OF REVOLUTION, 1930-65 by Jesse Lewis Horst Bachelor of Arts, St. Olaf College, 2006 Master of Arts, University of Pittsburgh, 2012 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2016 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS & SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Jesse Horst It was defended on July 28, 2016 and approved by Scott Morgenstern, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science Edward Muller, Professor, Department of History Lara Putnam, Professor and Chair, Department of History Co-Chair: George Reid Andrews, Distinguished Professor, Department of History Co-Chair: Alejandro de la Fuente, Robert Woods Bliss Professor of Latin American History and Economics, Department of History, Harvard University ii Copyright © by Jesse Horst 2016 iii SLEEPING ON THE ASHES: SLUM CLEARANCE IN HAVANA IN AN AGE OF REVOLUTION, 1930-65 Jesse Horst, M.A., PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2016 This dissertation examines the relationship between poor, informally housed communities and the state in Havana, Cuba, from 1930 to 1965, before and after the first socialist revolution in the Western Hemisphere. It challenges the notion of a “great divide” between Republic and Revolution by tracing contentious interactions between technocrats, politicians, and financial elites on one hand, and mobilized, mostly-Afro-descended tenants and shantytown residents on the other hand. The dynamics of housing inequality in Havana not only reflected existing socio- racial hierarchies but also produced and reconfigured them in ways that have not been systematically researched.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq Health Information System Review and Assessment July, 2011
    Iraq Health Information System Review and Assessment July, 2011 By: Ministry of Health, MOHE, MOP/CSO, MOD, WHO Coordinated by: Ministry of Health, Babb AL‐Moadham, Baghdad, Iraq Contact Authors: 1. Dr. Ahlam aziz Ali, Director of Donor Affaire Section, Senior Deputy Minister’s Office, MOH E‐ mail: [email protected] Mobile No.: +964 7901940669 2. Dr. Imad Abdulsalam, Director of Health & Vital Statistic Department, Planning Directorate, MOH. E‐ mail: [email protected] Mobile No.: +964 7901925619 3. Dr. Ali Mahmood Hasan, Director of Health Statistic Section, Directorate of Planning, MOH. E‐ mail: [email protected] Mobile No.: +964 7902649103 This report describes the current status of the National Health Information System (NHIS) in Iraq. The assessment of the NHIS was carried out by the HIS Stakeholders Working Group in Baghdad, Iraq from 8‐10 March 2011 Table of contents List of Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Acknowledgement .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................................. 7 I. Background
    [Show full text]
  • State, Gender and Institutional Change in Cuba's 'Special Period'
    UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 43 INSTITUTE OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES RESEARCH PAPERS. State, Gender and Institutional Change in Cuba's 'Special Period': The Federation de Mujeres Cubanas Maxim Molyneux STATE, GENDER AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN CUBA'S 'SPECIAL PERIOD': THE FEDERAClON DE MUJERES CUBAN AS Maxine Molyneux Institute of Latin American Studies 31 Tavistock Square London WC1H 9HA British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 1 900039 05 2 ISSN 0957-7947 ® Institute of Latin American Studies University of London, 1996 CONTENTS Introduction. A Debate on Change 1 The 'Woman Question' and the Revolutionary State 5 The FMC in the 1980s: Adaptation and Resistance 11 'Emancipation' and Instrumentalism 18 The FMC in the 1990s 22 The Costs of Adjustment 27 The Household 35 Non-Governmental Organisations 40 Conclusions 43 Bibliography 51 Maxine Molyneux is Senior Lecturer in Latin American Sociology at the Institute of Latin American Studies. Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Ruth Pearson for productive discussions about shared concerns, Margarita Velazquez and Fred Halliday for comments, and Jean Stubbs and Emily Morris for their help with materials. State, Gender and Institutional Change in Cuba's 'Special Period': The Federation de Mujeres Cubanas 'We have gone through three periods since the revolution: in the first we looked to the state to solve all of our problems, and we managed more or less OK. In the second, from 1988, we found the state couldn't meet our needs, and we were unable to meet them ourselves. Since 1993 we no longer rely on the state because we know that it cannot deliver what we need.
    [Show full text]
  • Haitian Migration and Danced Identity in Eastern Cuba
    Haitian Migration and Danced Identity in Eastern Cuba The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Viddal, Grete. 2010. Haitian migration and danced identity in eastern Cuba. In Making Caribbean Dance: Continuity and Creativity in Island Cultures, ed. Susanna Sloat, 83-94. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. Published Version doi:10.5744/florida/9780813034676.003.0007 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10384888 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA 7 Haitian Migration and Danced Identity in Eastern Cuba Grete Viddal I arrive at Santiago de Cuba’s Teatro Oriente to see a small crowd of locals and tourists waiting outside. We are here to see Ballet Folklórico Cutumba, one of eastern Cuba’s premier folkloric dance troupes. Although the theater is run down and no longer has electricity or running water, its former el- egance is apparent. As we enter, we see that lush but tattered velvet drapes flank the stage and ornate architectural details adorn the walls underneath faded and peeling paint. Light filters in through high windows. As the per- formance starts, women in elaborate ball gowns enter this dusty stage. They must hold up their voluminous skirts to keep yards of fabric from drag- ging on the floor. Men sport white topcoats with tails and matching white cravats.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930S
    Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930s Ariel Mae Lambe Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Ariel Mae Lambe All rights reserved ABSTRACT Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930s Ariel Mae Lambe This dissertation shows that during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) diverse Cubans organized to support the Spanish Second Republic, overcoming differences to coalesce around a movement they defined as antifascism. Hundreds of Cuban volunteers—more than from any other Latin American country—traveled to Spain to fight for the Republic in both the International Brigades and the regular Republican forces, to provide medical care, and to serve in other support roles; children, women, and men back home worked together to raise substantial monetary and material aid for Spanish children during the war; and longstanding groups on the island including black associations, Freemasons, anarchists, and the Communist Party leveraged organizational and publishing resources to raise awareness, garner support, fund, and otherwise assist the cause. The dissertation studies Cuban antifascist individuals, campaigns, organizations, and networks operating transnationally to help the Spanish Republic, contextualizing these efforts in Cuba’s internal struggles of the 1930s. It argues that both transnational solidarity and domestic concerns defined Cuban antifascism. First, Cubans confronting crises of democracy at home and in Spain believed fascism threatened them directly. Citing examples in Ethiopia, China, Europe, and Latin America, Cuban antifascists—like many others—feared a worldwide menace posed by fascism’s spread.
    [Show full text]
  • Políticas Sociales Y Reforma Institucional En La Cuba Pos-COVID
    Políticas sociales y reforma institucional en la Cuba pos-COVID Bert Hoffmann (ed.) Políticas sociales y reforma institucional en la Cuba pos-COVID Verlag Barbara Budrich Opladen • Berlin • Toronto 2021 © 2021 Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0), que permite su uso, duplicación, adaptación, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio o formato, siempre que se otorgue el crédito apropiado al autor o autores origi- nales y la fuente, se proporcione un enlace a la licencia Creative Commons, y se indique si se han realizado cambios. Para ver una copia de esta licencia, visite https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/. Esta obra puede descargarse de manera gratuita en www.budrich.eu (https://doi.org/10.3224/84741695). © 2021 Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH, Opladen, Berlín y Toronto www.budrich.eu eISBN 978-3-8474-1695-1 DOI 10.3224/84741695 Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH Stauffenbergstr. 7. D-51379 Leverkusen Opladen, Alemania 86 Delma Drive. Toronto, ON M8W 4P6, Canadá www.budrich.eu El registro CIP de esta obra está disponible en Die Deutsche Bibliothek (La Biblioteca Alemana) (http://dnb.d-nb.de) (http://dnb.d-nb.de) Ilustración de la sobrecubierta: Bettina Lehfeldt, Kleinmachnow – www.lehfeldtgraphic.de Créditos de la imagen: shutterstock.com Composición tipográfica: Ulrike Weingärtner, Gründau – [email protected] 5 Contenido Bert Hoffmann Políticas sociales y reforma institucional en la Cuba pos-COVID: una agenda necesaria . 7 Parte I: Políticas sociales Laurence Whitehead Los retos de la gobernanza en la Cuba contemporánea: las políticas sociales y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas .
    [Show full text]
  • Ernesto 'Che' Guevara: the Existing Literature
    Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara: socialist political economy and economic management in Cuba, 1959-1965 Helen Yaffe London School of Economics and Political Science Doctor of Philosophy 1 UMI Number: U615258 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615258 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I, Helen Yaffe, assert that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Helen Yaffe Date: 2 Iritish Library of Political nrjPr v . # ^pc £ i ! Abstract The problem facing the Cuban Revolution after 1959 was how to increase productive capacity and labour productivity, in conditions of underdevelopment and in transition to socialism, without relying on capitalist mechanisms that would undermine the formation of new consciousness and social relations integral to communism. Locating Guevara’s economic analysis at the heart of the research, the thesis examines policies and development strategies formulated to meet this challenge, thereby refuting the mainstream view that his emphasis on consciousness was idealist. Rather, it was intrinsic and instrumental to the economic philosophy and strategy for social change advocated.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of Contributions
    LASNPA & WONP-NURT 2017 Report of Contributions https://indico.cern.ch/e/635057 LASNPA & … / Report of Contributions Estimation of volumetric dose dist … Contribution ID: 6 Type: Parallel Talk Estimation of volumetric dose distribution delivery deviations from dose planned in 131I hyperthyroidism treatment: preliminary results During more than 60 years of Hyperthyroidism radioiodine treatment has been no general agree- ment on the applied dose or calculus methodology. The EANM Dosimetry Committee recommend in 2013 an “Standard Operational Procedures for Pre-Therapeutic Dosimetry (SOP)” based on the assessment of the individual 131I uptake and kinetics. To estimate the 3D dose delivery deviations from prescribed dose during patient specific application of this SOP, a computer Matlab application was developed and verified. It was design to execute: radiopharmaceutical curve fitting, cumulated activity calculations, functional thyroid mass estimation, obtain the therapeutic planning activity to warranty the prescribed dose and produce the 3D planning dose map and related dosimetry parameters. 6 patients with 150-400Gy prescribed dose data planning (average 241,67Gy) were analyzed using the developed application. The developed system was verify successfully using a test image phantom and 6 known pharmacokinetics data. The program fitting results were com- pared with Microcal (TM) Origin (version 6.0), showing not statistical differences (p <0.01). The tridimensional thyroid volume cumulated activity and dose distributions were heterogeneous. 3D dose distribution showed standard deviations between 20.41-108.3Gy (18.01-27.08% of prescribed dose). The differences between maximum and minimum dose value per voxel/MBq were 74-129%, corresponding to 112Gy and 495Gy respectively for the total dose administrated.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Indicator Frameworks
    PRAIRIE WOMEN’S HEALTH CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE RESEARCH POLICY COMMUNITY Be er Evidence to Improve Women’s Health with Gender and Health Sta s cs: Health Indicator Frameworks M. Haworth-Brockman H. Isfeld Prairie Women’s Health Centre of Excellence (PWHCE) is one of the Centres of Excellence for Women’s Health, funded by the Women’s Health Contribution Program of Health Canada. PWHCE supports new knowledge and research on women’s health issues; and provides policy advice, analysis and information to governments, health organizations and non-governmental organizations. Production of this document has been made possible through a financial contribution from Health Canada. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of PWHCE or Health Canada. This paper was an invited concept paper, developed in preparation for a World Health Organization meeting, A Policy Dialogue for Better Evidence to Improve Women’s Health through Gender and Health Statistics, held October 25-27, 2010 in Washington DC. The Prairie Women’s Health Centre of Excellence 56 The Promenade Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 3H9 Telephone: (204) 982-6630 Fax: (204) 982-6637 Email: [email protected] This report is also available on our website: www.pwhce.ca This is project #253 of Prairie Women’s Health Centre of Excellence ISBN # 978-1-897250-37-2 Better Evidence to Improve Women’s Health with Gender and Health Statistics: Health Indicator Frameworks M. Haworth‐Brockman H. Isfeld Acknowledgements This paper was an invited concept paper, developed in preparation for a World Health Organization meeting, A Policy Dialogue for Better Evidence to Improve Women’s Health through Gender and Health Statistics, held October 25-27, 2010 in Washington DC.
    [Show full text]
  • Racism in Cuba Ronald Jones
    University of Chicago Law School Chicago Unbound International Immersion Program Papers Student Papers 2015 A Revolution Deferred: Racism in Cuba Ronald Jones Follow this and additional works at: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/ international_immersion_program_papers Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Ronald Jones, "A Revolution Deferred: Racism in Cuba," Law School International Immersion Program Papers, No. 9 (2015). This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Papers at Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Immersion Program Papers by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqw ertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwert yuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopaA Revolution Deferred sdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfRacism in Cuba 4/25/2015 ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghj Ron Jones klzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklz xcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcv bnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwe rtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuio pasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopas dfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg hjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjk Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 2 Slavery in Cuba .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Educational Experiences During the “Special Period” in Cuba
    Dr. Martin Camacho Dean, Fain Collegeof Fine Arts Midwestern State University Arts Education in Cuba Revolutionary Period Expansion of artistic education and prioritization from 1961 Incorporation of music, dance and visual arts disciplines in primary education (1975) Creation of the Escuela Nacional de Arte System ENA (National Schools of Arts) 1962 – Music, Visual Arts, Theatre, Ballet, Dance, Circus Creation of Specialized Artistic Elementary System (Vocational Schools) ISA – Instituto Superior de Arte University of the Arts Created in 1976 for three disciplines: music, visual arts, and theatre. It recently added Media Arts (FAMCA) and four units outside Havana Specialized Artistic Education Music Example VOCATIONAL SHOOLS - Music Children enter Vocational Music Schools between ages 6-10 and complete K 1-9. Schools are available at the province (state) level. NATIONAL SCHOOLS OF ART - After a competitive process, selected students move to the National Schools or Art to complete professional training and grades K 10-12. Schools are available only at the regional level. UNIVERSITY - After a competitive process, selected students are admitted at ISA, University of the Arts, the only institution of higher education in the arts in Cuba. Cuban Curricula and Soviet Support (Music) Musical educational model was copied and supported by and large by the Soviet Union. The music curricula favored the formation of trained musicians in classical and the Western European tradition. Disciplines such as jazz, afro-Cuban, or traditional Cuban music were not particularly thought as strong within the music curricula, but as a co-curricular or extra-curricular activity. Special Period – Periodo Especial of 1990 The collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s and the toughening of the American Embargo (Torricelli and Helms-Burton law) brought very negative economic consequences.
    [Show full text]