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Тања Тулековић, Дејан Мотл Tanja Tuleković, Dejan Motl Концентрациони Логор Јасеновац 1941

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Тања Тулековић, Дејан Мотл Tanja Tuleković, Dejan Motl Концентрациони Логор Јасеновац 1941 Тања Тулековић, Дејан Мотл Tanja Tuleković, Dejan Motl Концентрациони логор Јасеновац 1941. Concentracion camp Jasenovac 1941 Доња Градина, 2016. године Donja Gradina, 2016 Аутори изложбе и каталога: Тања Тулековић, Дејан Мотл Authors of the exhibition and catalogue: Tanja Tuleković, Dejan Motl Издавач: Јавна установа „Спомен-подручје Доња Градина“ Publisher: Memorial Donja Gradina За издавача: Тања Тулековић For the publisher: Tanja Tuleković Лектура: Мијана Кубурић Мацура Proof reading: Mijana Kuburić Macura Превод на енглески: Ана Марјановић English translation: Ana Marjаnović Графичка припрема: Јовица Нинковић Prepress: Jovica Ninković Штампа: Графид,доо Printing: Grafid,doo Тираж / Cicrulation: 250 Тања Тулековић, Дејан Мотл Tanja Tuleković, Dejan Motl Концентрациони логор Јасеновац 1941. Concentracion camp Jasenovac 1941 Доња Градина, 2016. године Donja Gradina, 2016 Оснивање Независне Државе Хрватске Напад на Краљевину Југославију почео је 6. априла 1941. године од стране њемачке, италијанске, мађарске и бугарске војске. Њемачка војска је, уз свечани дочек, ушла у За- греб 10. априла. Истог дана, око 17 часова и 45 минута, Славко Кватерник је, у име Анте Павелића, прогласио оснивање Независне Државе Хрватске. Срби, Јевреји и Роми проглаше- ни су непријатељима Независне Државе Хрватске и стављени су ван закона. Југословенска војска је капитулирала 17. априла. Захваљујући фашистичким окупаторима, Њемачкој и Италији, усташе су релативно брзо успјеле да организују власт. Независна Држава Хрватска обухватала је територију Хрватске (без дијела Далмације, коју су усташе Римским уговорима од 18. маја предали Италији), Босну и Херцеговину и област западног Срема. На тој територији живјело је око 6,5 милиона становника: 4.000.000 Хрвата (у које је убројано и око 700.000 муслимана проглашених Хрватима исламске вјероисповјести), 1.925.000 Срба, 40.000 Јевреја и осталих. 4 Establishment of the Independent State of Croatia The attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia started on April 6 1941 and it was led by the Ger- man, Italian, Hungarian and Bulgarian armies. Ceremoniously welcomed, the German Army entered Zagreb on April 10. On the same day, around 5.45 p.m., Slavko Kvaternik, on behalf of Ante Pavelic, proclaimed the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia. Serbs, Jews and Romani were pronounced enemies of the Independent State of Croatia and proscribed. The Yugo- slav Army capitulated on April 17. Due to the fascist occupiers, Germany and Italy, the Ustashe managed to organize the power relatively fast. The Independent State of Croatia encompassed the territory of Croatia (excluding Dalmatia, which, through Treaties of Rome on May 18, was handed to Italy by the Ustashe), Bosnia and Herzegovina and the western part of Syrmia. Around 6.5 million inhabitants lived on that terri- tory: 4.000.000 Croats (including 700.000 Muslims pronounced Croats of Islam faith), 1.925.000 Serbs, 40.000 Jews and others. 5 „Хрватски народ“, посебно издање од 10. априла 1941. Године ‘Croatian People’, special edition of April 10 1941 6 Географска карта Независне Државе Хрватске Map of the Independent State of Croatia 7 Свечани дочек њемачке војске у Загребу, 10. април 1941. године April 10 1941: The German Army being ceremoniously welcomed in Zagreb 8 Усташке јединице у Трсту 12. априла 1941. године, пред полазак у НДХ Ustashe units in Trieste on April 12 1941 before departure to the Independent State of Croatia 9 Свечани дочек њемачке војске у Загребу, 10. април 1941. године April 10 1941: The German Army being ceremoniously welcomed in Zagreb 10 Улазак њемачке војске у Сарајево, 12. април 1941. године April 12 1941: The German Army enters Sarajevo 11 12 Новине Врхбосанске надбискупије, 27. април 1941. године Journal of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vrhbosna, April 27 1941 13 Законске одредбе Доношењем законских одредби створио се привид законитости у чишћењу „хрватских простора“ и стварању чисте хрватске државе. Тако је кроз законске одредбе прво требало одвојити особе јеврејске крви, означити их, затим их дехуманизовати и изоловати. На крају је слиједила експропријација имовине и одузимање свих права, те коначно уништење, екстерминација. Усташким законодавством били су обухваћени и Срби, иако се усташка законска регулатива није пуно трудила како би легализовала злочин над њима. За убијање Срба, па тако и Рома, није било потребно стварати правну основу. Стога се за њихово страдање више од закона везују поједине наредбе и заповиједи које су упућиване са виших на ниже инстанце усташке власти о поступању према њима. Дана 15. априла 1941. године у четири часа ујутро Анте Павелић је стигао у Загреб. Дан касније објављена је „Одредба о именовању Прве Хрватске Државне Владе“, у којој се он назива „поглавником“ Независне Државе Хрватске и обавља функцију предсједника Владе. Дана 17. априла 1941. године објављена је „Законска одредба за обрану народа и части хрватског народа“, којом су уведени „пријеки“ судови, који су у кратком поступку доно- сили одлуке. Одредба даје усташама неограничено право да проводе терор у име одбране Независне Државе Хрватске. Дана 25. априла 1941. године забрањена је употреба ћириличног писма на цијелој територији Независне Државе Хрватске. Дана 30. априла 1941. године објављене су три законске одредбе: о расној припадности, заштити аријевске крви и части хрватског народа и одредба о држављанству. Ове одредбе представљале су увод у прогон Јевреја и Рома. Прва прописује ко може бити аријевац, а друга забрањује склапање бракова између особа аријевског поријекла и Јевреја. Држављанин Независне Државе Хрватске могао је бити само човјек аријевског поријекла „који је својим држањем доказао да није радио против ослободилачких тежњи хрватског народа и који је вољан спремно и вјерно служити хрватском народу и Независној Држави Хрватској“. 14 Provisions of law Enacting provisions of law created an apparition of lawfulness concerning purifying ‘Croatian territories’ and creating a pure state of Croatia. Thus, through the provisions, firstly, Jews should have been segregated, marked, dehumanized and isolated. In the end, expropriation and depriva- tion of all rights followed, as well as extermination. The Ustashe legislation encompassed Serbs too although their law regulations did not make much effort to legalize crime against them. No legal basis was necessary for killing both Serbs and Romani. Therefore, their suffering, more than any law, is related to certain orders and commands directed from superior to inferior instances of the Ustashe regime considering treatments of them. On April 15 1941 at 4 a.m. Ante Pavelic arrived in Zagreb. The following day ‘Stipulation on Appointment of the First Croatian State Government’ was announced, naming Pavelic the supreme leader of the Independent state of Croatia and the Prime Minister. On April 17 1941 ‘Stipulation on Defense of Croatian People’s Honor’ was announced and it imposed martial law that made decisions summarily. The stipulation provided the Ustashe with unlimited authority to pass terror in the name of defense of the Independent State of Croatia. On April 25 1941 the use of the Cyrillic script was forbidden on the whole territory of the Independent State of Croatia. On April 30 1941 three provisions of law were announced: provision on racial identity, pro- vision on defense of Aryan blood and honor of Croatian people and provision on citizenship. These provisions were the introduction into persecution of Jews and Romani. The first provision prescribed who can be Aryan, and the second one forbade marriage between Aryan people and Jews. A citizen of the Independent State of Croatia could only be a person of Aryan descent ‘who have proved themselves not acting against liberation aspirations of Croatian people and who are willing to serve Croatian people and the Independent State of Croatia readily and loyally’. On May 3 1941 ‘Stipulation on Religious Conversion’ referred to Serbs. July 14 instructions cited that any Roman Catholic church did not allow admission of Orthodox Christian priests, teachers, intelligentsia, wealthy merchants, craftsmen and peasants. 15 Дана 3. маја 1941. године донесена је „Законска одредба о пријелазу с једне вјере на другу“, која се односила на Србе. У упутствима од 14. јула наведено је да се у католичку цркву не примају православни попови, учитељи, интелигенција и богати слој трговаца, занатлија и сељака. Почетком маја, Јевреји су се морали пријавити у посебне канцеларије и пријавити своју имовину. Добили су жути платнени знак без којег нису смјели изаћи на улицу. Дана 4. јуна 1941. године објављена је „Законска одредба о заштити народне и аријске културе хрватског народа“. Јеврејима је забрањено свако учествовање у друштвеном, кул- турном и спортском раду, а посебно на подручју књижевности, новинарства, филма, по- зоришта, ликовне и музичке умјетности. Иако се правно односила на Јевреје, ова законска одредба се примјењивала и на Србе. Тиме су Јевреји и Срби, који су се бавили наведеним професијама, остали без егзистенцијалних средстава. Дана 18. јула 1941. године донесена је „Наредба о називу вјере“, којом се укида назив „српско-православна вјера“, а уводи се термин „грко-источна вјера“. Срби су у службе- ним дописима називани „грко-источњаци“, чиме се негира постојање српског народа у Независној Држави Хрватској. Дана 25. новембра 1941. године донесена је „Законска одредба о упућивању непоћудних и погибељних особа на присилни боравак у сабирне и радне логоре“. Одлуку о упућивању у логор, као и о времену боравка у њему, доноси усташко редарство.
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