Abies Numidica) and Research on Its Antibacterial Activity
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Nisan / The Levantine Review Volume 4 Number 2 (Winter 2015) Identity and Peoples in History Speculating on Ancient Mediterranean Mysteries Mordechai Nisan* We are familiar with a philo-Semitic disposition characterizing a number of communities, including Phoenicians/Lebanese, Kabyles/Berbers, and Ismailis/Druze, raising the question of a historical foundation binding them all together. The ethnic threads began in the Galilee and Mount Lebanon and later conceivably wound themselves back there in the persona of Al-Muwahiddun [Unitarian] Druze. While DNA testing is a fascinating methodology to verify the similarity or identity of a shared gene pool among ostensibly disparate peoples, we will primarily pursue our inquiry using conventional historical materials, without however—at the end—avoiding the clues offered by modern science. Our thesis seeks to substantiate an intuition, a reading of the contours of tales emanating from the eastern Mediterranean basin, the Levantine area, to Africa and Egypt, and returning to Israel and Lebanon. The story unfolds with ancient biblical tribes of Israel in the north of their country mixing with, or becoming Lebanese Phoenicians, travelling to North Africa—Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya in particular— assimilating among Kabyle Berbers, later fusing with Shi’a Ismailis in the Maghreb, who would then migrate to Egypt, and during the Fatimid period evolve as the Druze. The latter would later flee Egypt and return to Lebanon—the place where their (biological) ancestors had once dwelt. The original core group was composed of Hebrews/Jews, toward whom various communities evince affinity and identity today with the Jewish people and the state of Israel. -
ROMAN POLITICS DURING the JUGURTHINE WAR by PATRICIA EPPERSON WINGATE Bachelor of Arts in Education Northeastern Oklahoma State
ROMAN POLITICS DURING THE JUGURTHINE WAR By PATRICIA EPPERSON ,WINGATE Bachelor of Arts in Education Northeastern Oklahoma State University Tahlequah, Oklahoma 1971 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS May, 1975 SEP Ji ·J75 ROMAN POLITICS DURING THE JUGURTHINE WAR Thesis Approved: . Dean of the Graduate College 91648 ~31 ii PREFACE The Jugurthine War occurred within the transitional period of Roman politics between the Gracchi and the rise of military dictators~ The era of the Numidian conflict is significant, for during that inter val the equites gained political strength, and the Roman army was transformed into a personal, professional army which no longer served the state, but dedicated itself to its commander. The primary o~jec tive of this study is to illustrate the role that political events in Rome during the Jugurthine War played in transforming the Republic into the Principate. I would like to thank my adviser, Dr. Neil Hackett, for his patient guidance and scholarly assistance, and to also acknowledge the aid of the other members of my counnittee, Dr. George Jewsbury and Dr. Michael Smith, in preparing my final draft. Important financial aid to my degree came from the Dr. Courtney W. Shropshire Memorial Scholarship. The Muskogee Civitan Club offered my name to the Civitan International Scholarship Selection Committee, and I am grateful for their ass.istance. A note of thanks is given to the staff of the Oklahoma State Uni versity Library, especially Ms. Vicki Withers, for their overall assis tance, particularly in securing material from other libraries. -
Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'zab Valley 2022
Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M’Zab Valley 2022 13 MAR – 2 APR 2022 Code: 22203 Tour Leaders Tony O’Connor Physical Ratings Explore Ottoman kasbahs, Roman Constantine, Timgad & Djemila, mud-brick trading towns of the Sahara, Moorish Tlemcen, & the secret world of the Berber M'Zab valley. Overview Join archaeologist Tony O'Connor on this fascinating tour which explores Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'Zab Valley. Explore the twisting streets, stairs, and alleys of the Ottoman Kasbah of Algiers and enjoy magnificent views across the city from the French colonial Cathedral of Notre-Dame d'Afrique. Wander perfectly preserved streets at the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Roman Djémila and Timgad, empty of visitors and complete with stunning mosaics, full-size temples, triumphal arches, market places, and theatres. At Sétif gaze upon one of the most exquisite mosaics in all of the Roman world – The Triumph of Dionysus. Engage with Numidian Kings at the extraordinary tombs of Medracen and the 'Tomb of the Christian' along with the ambitions of Cleopatra and Mark Antony at their daughter’s former capital of Caesarea/Cherchell. Explore the Roman 'City of Bridges', Constantine, encircled by the dramatic gorge of Wadi Rummel. Wander the atmospheric ruins of the Roman towns of Tipaza and Tiddis: Tipaza overlooks the Mediteranean, while Tiddis perches on a hillside, overlooking the fertile lands of Constantine. Walk the Algerian 'Grand Canyon' at El Ghoufi: a centre of Aures Berber culture, Algerian resistance to French colonial rule, inscriptions left behind by the engineers of Emperor Hadrian himself, and photogenic mud-brick villages clustering along vertiginous rocky ledges. -
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... -
Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation
Images of the Past: Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David M. Bond, M.A. Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures The Ohio State University 2017 Dissertation Committee: Sabra J. Webber, Advisor Johanna Sellman Philip Armstrong Copyrighted by David Bond 2017 Abstract The construction of stories about identity, origins, history and community is central in the process of national identity formation: to mould a national identity – a sense of unity with others belonging to the same nation – it is necessary to have an understanding of oneself as located in a temporally extended narrative which can be remembered and recalled. Amid the “memory boom” of recent decades, “memory” is used to cover a variety of social practices, sometimes at the expense of the nuance and texture of history and politics. The result can be an elision of the ways in which memories are constructed through acts of manipulation and the play of power. This dissertation examines practices and practitioners of nostalgia in a particular context, that of Tunisia and the Mediterranean region during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Using a variety of historical and ethnographical sources I show how multifaceted nostalgia was a feature of the colonial situation in Tunisia notably in the period after the First World War. In the postcolonial period I explore continuities with the colonial period and the uses of nostalgia as a means of contestation when other possibilities are limited. -
Hajar Lamrhari, Mariem Ben-Said, Zineb Jalal, Taoufik Aadel, Hassan
European Scientific Journal, ESJ ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857-7431 November 2020 edition Vol.16, No.33 Needles in Talassemtane National Park, North-Western Rif Region, Morocco ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences Abstract Moroccan fir, Abies maroccana Trab. Hajar Lamrhari, forms a unique forest community in the Applied Botany Laboratory, Department of Mediterranean basin and has a great Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Abdel ecological and biological values in Malek Essaadi, Tetouan-Morocco Moroccan Rif Mountains. However, Mariem Ben-Said, morphological and anatomical characters Applied Biology and Pathology Laboratory, of the needles are poorly investigated for Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, A. maroccana. This research examined the University of Abdel Malek Essaadi, Tetouan- Morocco morphological and anatomical characters Zineb Jalal, of Moroccan fir needles in order to Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental determine the phenotypic needles traits of Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty Abies maroccana. The study was carried of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, University of Sidi out in the National Park of Talassemtane, Mohamed Ben Abdellah,.Atlas, Fez – Western Rif, Morocco. Data was collected Morocco from two-year-old needles in six stands. In Taoufik Aadel, each site, seven trees were selected, and 60 Bureau of Forest Health, Forest Climate Risk Management Center. Department of Water and needles were collected from each tree. Forests. Agdal. Rabat Five morphological and one anatomical Hassan Bouziane, characters of the needles were examined. Applied Botany Laboratory, Department of The variance analysis (ANOVA) of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Abdel quantitative needles variables revealed Malek Essaadi, Tetouan-Morocco significant inter-tree morphological variability of needles of A. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles the Contested Legend Of
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Contested Legend of al-Kâhina: Prophetess or Propaganda? A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Art in African Studies by Jessica Leigh Keuter 2019 © Copyright by Jessica Leigh Keuter 2019 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS The Contested Legend of al-Kâhina: Prophetess or Propaganda? by Jessica Leigh Keuter Master of Arts in African Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2019 Professor Ghislaine Lydon, Chair With depictions ranging from anti-Muslim resistance warrior of the seventh century to mythical priestess, al-Kâhina looms large in the historical narratives of North African Amazigh, Jewish, and Arab peoples. Despite her legendary status, al-Kâhina’s existence as a historical female figure who reigned over the Amazigh is disputed. In this paper, I highlight the long history of colonial occupation and continual resistance organizing by the Amazigh prior to al-Kâhina’s battles with the Arab invaders at the end of the seventh century. Through analysis of secondary sources, I examine how both Arab and French occupations appropriated the legend to promote their agendas. I argue that al-Kâhina’s story has been used to enforce or combat different political agendas, both historically and today. Presently in the region , al-Kâhina has been iconized and used as the “face” of Amazigh nationalist and cultural movements. ii The thesis of Jessica Leigh Keuter is approved. Katherine M. Marino William H. Worger Ghislaine E. Lydon, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2019 iii “Someday we’ll all be gone But lullabies go on and on They never die…” ~ Billy Joel iv Contents List of Figures vi List of Maps vii Introduction 1 Historical Context 7 Early Imazighen 7 Greeks/Phoenicians 9 Early Romans 9 Roman Christianization 12 Vandals/Byzantine Control 15 Arab Invasion & Islamization 16 Ottoman Conquest 17 French Colonial Rule 17 Independence 21 Discussion of the Literature 23 Norman Roth 23 "The Kâhina: Legendary Material in the Accounts of the Jewish Berber Queen” H.T. -
Genetics and Evolution of the Mediterranean Abies Species
Acta Universitatis Agriculturae sueciae SlLVESTRIA 148 > z SLU Genetics and Evolution of the Mediterranean Abies Species Laura Parducci Genetics and Evolution of the Mediterranean Abies species Laura Parducci Akademiska avhandling som för vinnande av filosofie doktorsexamen kommer att offentlig försvaras i hörsal Björken, SLU, fredagen den 8 september 2000, kl. 10.00. Abstract This thesis summarizes and discusses results o f five separate studies in which molecular techniques have been used to study the genetic variability and evolution o f the Abies taxa occurring in the Mediterranean region. In particular, the investigation focused on the rare speciesAbies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei, endemic to the island of Sicily, and the three neighbouring speciesA. alba (Mill.), A. cephalonica (Laud.) and A. numidica (De Lann.). The main aim o f the studies was to determine the amount and distribution of the genetic variability within and among Mediterranean taxa ofAbies, at both the nuclear and chloroplast levels, in order to elucidate their origin and evolution and to shed light on the taxonomic position o f A. nebrodensis. In studies I, II and V allozyme markers were used to provide information on the level and distribution o f genetic variation among and within natural populations ofA. alba, A. cephalonica, A. nebrodensis and A. numidica and to estimate the outcrossing rate within A. alba. In studies III and IV, DNA markers from the chloroplast genome were developed and employed at the intra- and inter-specific levels to estimate the degree of cpDNA variation in the genus and to derive inferences concerning species relationships. Two different approaches were used: the first involved a comparative restriction-site analysis of ten different amplified chloroplast DNA fragments and the second involved the analysis o f six chloroplast hypervariable repetitive simple-sequence repeats (cpSSRs or microsatellites). -
Evaluating Mediterranean Firs for Use in Pennsylvania©
170 Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators’ Society, Volume 58, 2008 Evaluating Mediterranean Firs for Use in Pennsylvania© Ricky M. Bates Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 U.S.A. Email: [email protected] David L. Sanford Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading, Pennsylvania 19610 U.S.A. INTRODUCTION The true firs Abies( sp. Mill.) include over 40 tree species widely scattered throughout the northern hemisphere. Economically, firs remain underdeveloped in the U.S.A. as a landscape plant due to a general reputation for sensitivity to hot, dry, urban conditions and a lack of consistent and replicated evaluation across a broad range of environments and conditions. True firs are preferred as Christmas tree species by U.S.A. consumers due to their natural conical shape, pleasing aroma, stout branch structure, and generally excellent postharvest needle retention. Eastern U.S.A. Christmas tree growers have also been relying upon a very limited selection of fir species including Abies fraseri, A. balsamea, A. balsamea var. phanerolepis, and A. concolor. Unfortunately, all of the aforementioned native firs are extremely vulner- able to Phytophthora root rot and can be very site demanding (Frampton and Benson, 2004; Benson et al., 1998). Anecdotal evidence from garden and arboreta curators, horticulture researchers, and some non-replicated trials indicate that certain Abies species native to the Mediterranean region perform well under adverse conditions in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast U.S.A. (Gutowski and Thomas, 1962). THE MEDITERRANEAN FIRS The Mediterranean firs comprise a group of approximately 10Abies species native to countries bordering, or in close proximity to, the Mediterranean Sea (Table 1). -
Die Ahnen Der Tuareg Im Spiegel Historischer Berichterstattung*
Almogaren XXXVIII / 2007 Wien 2007 173 - 235 Franz Trost Die Ahnen der Tuareg im Spiegel historischer Berichterstattung* Keywords: Northern Africa, Sahara, Berber, Tuareg, Arabic sources Zusammenfassung: Der nördliche Teil des afrikanischen Kontinents ist durch eine relativ gute und in frühe Jahrhunderte zurückreichende Quellenlage gekennzeichnet. So möchte diese Studie vor allem die arabischen Autoren des Mittelalters selbst zu Wort kommen lassen, wobei es nicht allein um ereignisreiche Daten geht, sondern um die historisch getreue Erstellung eines Bildes einer an den Schauplatz gebundenen Bevölkerung, die in einer bestimmten Zeitspanne untersucht wird. Anhand des heterogenen Basismaterials soll eine Synthese über die Entwicklung jener in einem Extremraum lebenden Population gewonnen wer- den, die allgemein unter der Fremdbezeichnung "Tuareg" bekannt ist. Résumé: La partie nord du vaste continent d'Afrique est marquée par des sources relativement bonnes et qui remontent aux siècles anciens. Cette étude voudrait citer surtout les auteurs arabes du moyen-âge. Il ne s'agira pas seulement de dates importantes, mais de donner aussi une image authentique de l'histoire d'une population indigène, examinée pendant une certaine période. Comme le matériel de base est hétérogène, une synthèse concernant le développement de cette population habitant un espace extrème, généralement connue sous l'hétéronotation de "Touareg", en a été le but. Abstract: The northern part of the vast continent is marked by relatively good sources going back to early centuries. This study wants to quote above all the Arabic authors of the Middle Ages. It is not meant to enumerate dates of historic events only, but to give an historically authentic picture of a population indigenous to a certain region, examined during a certain period of time. -
Abies Pinsapo Forests in Spain and Morocco: Threats and Conservation
Abies pinsapo forests in Spain and Morocco: threats and conservation L.G. ESTEBAN,P.DE P ALACIOS and L. Rodr´I GUEZ-LOSADA A GUADO Abstract The conifer forests of the Mediterranean Basin inappropriate silvicultural practices continue to threaten have been subjected to overuse by humans since ancient Abies cilicica (Fontaine et al., 2007). In Lebanon 10 conifer times. Some species have survived in inaccessible refuges species are threatened to varying degrees by fragmentation but the ranges of other species have been greatly reduced and deterioration of their habitat (Talhouk et al., 2001). by the effects of clearance for agriculture, livestock raising, Elsewhere in the eastern Mediterranean Abies nordmanni- illegal felling and, in some cases, fire. The firs are no ana subsp. equi-trojani, Abies borisii-regis and some pop- exception and some now exist only as relict species. Abies ulations of Pinus heldreichii require management plans to pinsapo is an example, with the species surviving in only guarantee their survival, as do the populations of Cedrus three enclaves in southern Spain and two in northern brevifolia in Cyprus (Que´zel & Barbero, 1990). Most of the Morocco. Until the mid 20th century A. pinsapo forests conifer forests in the southern Mediterranean are threat- were subject to major anthropogenic pressures, and in ened as a result of deforestation and overgrazing (Barbero Spain they were under constant threat of overuse until they et al., 1990). In the Maghreb of Morocco there is particular were acquired by the State. Conservation efforts have now, concern for Abies numidica, Abies pinsapo var. tazaotana, however, been undertaken in both Spain and Morocco, and Pinus nigra subsp. -
Analyses of Proposals to Amend
CoP17 Prop. 59 Inclusion of Algerian Fir Abies numidica in Appendix I Proponent: Algeria Summary: Abies numidica, the Algerian Fir, is an evergreen coniferous tree which grows to a height of 20-35m1. It is native to Algeria where it occurs only at 1800-2000m elevation on Djebel Babor, part of the Petite Kabylie Mountain Range. The total extent of forests containing the species is estimated at less than 30km2 with the fir only occupying a small portion of this. Access to the area is highly restricted because of security problems and there are no recent population estimates. A 2011 report stated that the number of trees had halved since the 1950s, although the basis of this is not known2. The area is a Nature Reserve to which entry is controlled; wardens try to prevent timber extraction, hunting and livestock grazing although these activities apparently still persist, with grazing in particular said to seriously affect plant regeneration. Fires are also reportedly a hazard2. A number of specific conservation proposals have been suggested and relevant authorities are said to be very supportive of action to protect the site, but no more recent information is available regarding its current status and management1. Algerian Fir is not exploited for timber3 but it is grown as an ornamental tree in parks and larger gardens, being valued among firs for its drought tolerance and attractive appearance4. However it is sensitive to low temperatures and to air pollution in urban environments3. It is mostly cultivated in countries around the Mediterranean Sea, where it is sometimes planted in hedges as it takes trimming well3.