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Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual Information is out of date. Visit http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Pesticides/Licensing/Pages/ExamsStudy... for current study materials and information. Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual A Guide to the Safe Use and Handling of Pesticides Myron Shenk, Editor and Co-author Pesticide Safety Education Program Coordinator Integrated Plant Protection Center Oregon State University Development and production of this manual was partially funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Pesticide Safety Education Program and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EM 8850 Reprinted April 2008 Information is out of date. Visit http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Pesticides/Licensing/Pages/ExamsStudy... for current study materials and information. ii ___________________________________________________________Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual Information is out of date. Visit http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Pesticides/Licensing/Pages/ExamsStudy... for current study materials and information. Acknowledgments The Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual was adapted from the Oregon Pesticide Applicator Manual, EM 8532, published in 1992, edited by Terry L. Miller. While primary revision was under the supervision of Myron Shenk, Pesticide Safety Education Program Coordinator, Oregon State University Extension Service, many other persons were consulted and contributed significantly to the task. They include: Roland Maynard, Laurie Gordon, Janet Fults, and Dale Mitchell, Oregon Department of Agriculture Marilyn Schuster, Garnet Cook, and Ron Preece, Department of Consumer and Business Services, Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Gary Calaba and Rick Vopel, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Bill Brauer, Office of the State Fire Marshal David Spink, Terry Miller, Daniel Sudakin, and Jeffrey Jenkins, Department of Molecular and Environmental Toxicology; Teresa Welch, Extension and Experiment Station Communications; Oregon State University Ariel Pearlson, Eugene, Oregon, copyediting and design Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual __________________________________________________________ iii Information is out of date. Visit http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Pesticides/Licensing/Pages/ExamsStudy... for current study materials and information. iv ___________________________________________________________Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual Information is out of date. Visit http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Pesticides/Licensing/Pages/ExamsStudy... for current study materials and information. Introduction This manual is intended to be a resource for persons involved in dif- ferent aspects of pesticide use, including those who are preparing to take certification exams and those who already are certified pesticide applica- tors, pesticide operators, dealers, and consultants. In this edition, we have attempted to use a language that is more “reader friendly”; that is, often less technical, but still technically and legally correct. At the same time, we have attempted to include all tech- nical terms that are common in the industry and which may appear on Oregon State pesticide exams. Certified users in a specific category may feel that the Manual con- tains more information than they need. However, we think that a single manual is more convenient and more economical than having two or more manuals. It can serve as a reference for those persons who may want detailed information on pesticide registration, establishment of tolerances, or label comprehension. Nevertheless, additional manuals still may be required for specific uses such as landscape, forestry, rights-of-way, and aerial application. We have added a short introduction in Chapter 2, which we hope will remove some of the public fear and confusion about “What is a chemical?” and to clarify the terms “poison” and “toxicity.” At the time of printing, all information in this Manual was up to date. However, the reader must realize that pesticide laws and regulations, labels, and label standards can be modified from time to time. The reader must consult the appropriate state or federal agency if there is any doubt about any issue related to the use of pesticides or other aspects of the pesticide industry. Remember: the pesticide label is the law. Always read the pesticide label. Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual ___________________________________________________________ v Information is out of date. Visit http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Pesticides/Licensing/Pages/ExamsStudy... for current study materials and information. Information is out of date. Visit http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Pesticides/Licensing/Pages/ExamsStudy... for current study materials and information. Contents Chapter 1 Pesticide Laws ................................................................ 1 Chapter 2 Toxicity of Pesticides ................................................... 27 Chapter 3 Residue, Tolerance, and Registration ........................ 39 Chapter 4 Ecology and the Environment ..................................... 49 Chapter 5 Personal Protective Equipment .................................. 61 Chapter 6 Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning .............................. 79 Chapter 7 First Aid for Pesticide Handlers .................................. 87 Chapter 8 Integrated Pest Management ...................................... 97 Chapter 9 Pests ............................................................................. 103 Chapter 10 Types of Pesticides .................................................... 115 Chapter 11 The Pesticide Label .................................................... 121 Chapter 12 Formulations ............................................................... 135 Chapter 13 Equipment ................................................................... 147 Chapter 14 Calibration and Calculations for Mixing Pesticides ........................................................ 159 Chapter 15 Mixing, Loading, and Application ............................. 175 Chapter 16 Weather-wise Application .......................................... 193 Chapter 17 Transportation, Storage, and Disposal .................... 197 Chapter 18 Spill Management ....................................................... 211 Chapter 19 Keeping Records and Reporting ............................... 217 Chapter 20 Liability ........................................................................ 223 Answers to Study Questions ............................................................... 229 Appendix A Index for Pesticide Effects Chapter 6, Table 10 ..................................................... 247 Appendix B Conversions and Calculations .................................. 254 Glossary of Pesticide Terms ................................................................ 255 References ...................................................................................... 273 Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual __________________________________________________________vii Information is out of date. Visit http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Pesticides/Licensing/Pages/ExamsStudy... for current study materials and information. Information is out of date. Visit http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Pesticides/Licensing/Pages/ExamsStudy... for current study materials and information. Chapter 1 Pesticide Laws Goals of this chapter • List the major laws regulating pesticides in the U.S. • List federal and state agencies involved in pesticide regulation. • Describe the main role of each of these agencies. • Describe the process required to register a pesticide. • Describe the process required to establish tolerances for pesticide residues. • Describe the certification and licensing process for Oregon pesticide applicators. • Explain the difference between general-use and restricted-use pesticides. In the past 50 years, pesticides have become a major tool for manag- ing pests. Pesticide applicators must have special knowledge and skills to apply pesticides safely and effectively. They must be able to identify the pest of concern and the pesticide that will control it. They also must be aware of possible impacts on people, wildlife, and the environment. Federal and state pesticide laws are meant to protect public health and the environment from harmful effects of pesticides. At the same time, they are meant to keep pesticides safe tools for pest management. Many federal and state agencies are responsible for regulating pesticides. Federal pesticide laws The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) FIFRA is the most important federal law dealing with pesticides. • FIFRA requires that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (com- monly known as EPA) register all pesticides (assign a product registra- tion number). It requires the EPA to approve each use of that pesticide and approve the product label. • FIFRA requires that all registered pesticides be classified as either general-use or restricted-use. • FIFRA requires that the users of restricted-use pesticides be certified or work under the direct supervision of a licensed private or commer- cial pesticide applicator. As do other states, Oregon conducts its own applicator certification program. • FIFRA provides penalties for “use inconsistent with the labeling” of a pesticide. Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual ________________________________________________________ 1 Information is out of date. Visit http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Pesticides/Licensing/Pages/ExamsStudy... for current
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