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7 Vertebrate Pest Management Guide

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7 Vertebrate Pest Management Guide Vertebrate Pest Management Category 7 A Guide for Commercial Applicators Ohio Department of Agriculture – Pesticide Regulation - 2003 - Adapted from MSU Extension Bulletin Vertebrate Pest Management A Guide for Commercial Applicators Category 7 Editors: Carolyn Randall Extension Specialist Pesticide Education Program Michigan State University Kelly Boubary Betty Whiting Ohio Department of Agriculture Technical Consultants: Melvin Poplar, Program Manager Insect and Rodent Management Michigan Department of Agriculture Jim Janson, Permit Specialist Wildlife Management Division Michigan Department of Natural Resources John Haslem Pest Management Supervisor Michigan State University Gerald Wegner Varment Guard Ohio Pest Control Assoc. John Gideon General Pest Control Ohio Pest Control Assoc. Bery Pannkuk Scherzinger Pest Control Ohio Pest Control Assoc. Joanne Kick-Raack Pesticide Applicator Training Ohio State University Extension William Pound Pesticide Program Manager Ohio Department of Agriculture Diana Roll Certification and Training Ohio Department of Agriculture 2 Our main source of information for this changes that helped improve the content of the publication was the EPA manual, Urban manual. Integrated Pest Management: A Guide for Thanks also to the American Society of Commercial Applicators (1992, E. Wood & Mammalogists for the use of several L. Pinto, Dual & Associates, Arlington, Va.). photographs that appear throughout this Information on voles, woodchucks, cottontail manual. rabbits, muskrats, and white-tailed deer is from University of Nebraska publication, Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage 1994, S.E. Hygnstrom, R.M. Timm, and G.E. Larson [eds.], Cooperative Extension Service, Lincoln, Nebraska, USDA-APHIS).1 Information on the hantavirus in Chapter 4 was taken from the CDC Web page "All About Hantavirus," Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [cited March 26, 1999]. The URL is: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/in dex.htm. We also acknowledge the technical assistance of Mel Poplar, program manager for the Michigan Department of Agriculture's (MDA) Insect and Rodent Management Division; John Haslem, pest management supervisor at Michigan State University; and Jim Janson, permit specialist for the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). With their help, we were able to adapt the pest management information so that it had greater relevance to Ohio. Acknowledgments FRONT COVER PHOTO CREDIT: 13-lined ground squirrel (top left), M.D. Carleton, Mammal Images Library of the American Society of Mammalogists; deer mouse (lower left), L.L. Master, Mammal Images Library of the American Society of Mammalogists; white-tailed deer (top right), G.L. Twiest, Mammal Images Library of the American Society of Mammalogists; skunk (lower right), Environmental Protection Agency. 1The following illustrations were reproduced from Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage (1994, S.E. Hygnstrom, R. M. Timm, and G.E. Larson [eds.], Cooperative Extension Service, Lincoln, Nebraska, USDA-APHIS) with permission of the University of Nebraska: Figures 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 4.9, 4.12, 4.13,4.15, 4.16, 4.17, 5.10, 5.11, 5.13, 5.15, 5.16, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19, and 5.21. Special thanks also to Kevin Clark and other associates of Critter Control, Inc. - namely, Mike Dwyer, Sean Carruth, and Dr. Michael Godfrey - for their assistance in reviewing and suggesting 3 VERTEBRATE PEST MANAGEMENT Chemicals ..........................................................22 CHAPTER 1: LEGALITIES OF VERTEBRATE Cultural Practices ...............................................22 PEST MANAGEMENT......................................... 8 Summary ...........................................................22 State and Federal Laws...................................... 8 Review Questions ..............................................22 Federal Laws ..................................................... 8 Endangered Species Act ................................... 9 CHAPTER 3: DOMESTIC RODENTS ................25 Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act ..................... 9 Rats ....................................................................25 The house mouse ..............................................25 CHAPTER 2: BIRDS ..........................................10 Rodents: Pictorial Key to Some Common Pigeons...............................................................10 U.S. Genera .......................................................26 Habits of Pigeons ..............................................10 Rats and Mice as Disease Carriers ...................27 Starlings..............................................................11 Rat-bite Fever ....................................................27 Habits of Starlings .............................................11 Salmonella Food Poisoning ...............................27 House Sparrows ................................................12 Leptospirosis or Weirs Disease..........................27 Habits of House Sparrows .................................12 About Rabies .....................................................27 Canada Goose ..................................................12 Rat-spread Diseases .........................................27 Habits of Canada Goose ...................................13 Plague ................................................................27 Pileated Woodpecker ........................................13 Murine Typhus Fever .........................................27 Habits of Pileated Woodpecker .........................13 Trichinosis ..........................................................27 Sea Gulls ...........................................................14 Mouse-spread Diseases ....................................27 Ring-billed Gull ..................................................14 Rickettsial Pox ...................................................27 Habits of Ring-billed Gull ...................................14 Meningitis ..........................................................28 Herring Gull .......................................................14 Dermatitis ..........................................................28 Habits of Herring Gull ........................................14 Ray Fungus and Ringworm ...............................28 Other Birds ........................................................15 The Norway Rat .................................................28 Health Hazards Associated with Birds ..............15 Habits of Rats ....................................................28 Histoplasmosis ..................................................15 Life Cycle ...........................................................28 Cryptococcosis ..................................................16 Social Behavior .................................................28 Ectoparasites .....................................................16 Senses of Rats ..................................................28 Defacement and Damage to Structures and Fear of New Objects (Neophobia) .....................28 Equipment .........................................................16 Physical Abilities ................................................29 Legal Considerations .........................................16 Food and Water .................................................29 Federal Laws .....................................................16 Range ................................................................29 State and Local Laws ........................................16 Nests ..................................................................29 Tools and Methods for Managing Pest Birds ....17 Inspection ..........................................................29 Inspection ..........................................................17 Flashlight ...........................................................29 Habitat Modification ...........................................17 Sounds................................................................29 Exclusion ...........................................................17 Droppings ..........................................................29 Ultrasonic Devices .............................................19 Urine ..................................................................30 Trapping ............................................................19 Grease Marks ....................................................30 Lethal Alternatives .............................................19 Runways ...........................................................30 Toxic Perches ....................................................20 Tracks ................................................................30 Ornitrol ...............................................................20 Gnawing Damage ..............................................30 Shooting ............................................................20 Burrows .............................................................31 Risks to Non-targets ..........................................20 Pet Excitement ...................................................31 Public Relations .................................................21 Odor ...................................................................31 Bird Droppings Removal and Cleanup ..............21 Estimating Rat Numbers ....................................31
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