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Mites Ri) Found Nes S of the Dipper Cinclus Aquaticus Bechstein, Wales (British Isles)

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Mites Ri) Found Nes S of the Dipper Cinclus Aquaticus Bechstein, Wales (British Isles) M. T. GREENWOOD ET D. MACFARLANE MITES RI) FOUND NES S OF THE DIPPER CINCLUS AQUATICUS BECHSTEIN, WALES (BRITISH ISLES) Extrait de ACAROLOGIA Tome XXXII, fase. 3, 1991 DIRECTION 61, rue de Buffon 75231 Paris France MITES (ACARI) FOUND IN THE NESTS OF THE DIPPER CINCLUS CINCLUS AQUATICUS BECHSTEIN, IN WALES (BRITISH ISLES) BY A. FAIN *, M. T. GREENWOOD ** and D. MACFARLANE *** NIDICOLOUS MITES SUMMARY : The mites (Acari) found in seven nests of the Dipper, Cinclus cinclus DIPPER aquaticus Bechstein, in Wales, British Isles, are studied. They belong to 54 species, WALES included in 46 genera, 27 families and 4 orders. This collection includes several stored food pests or species able to invade houses or to produce respiratory allergies in man, e.g. Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), T. longior (Gervais), T. palmarum Oude­ mans, Acarus fan'is (Oudemans), Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes and Kleemannia plumigera (Oudemans). Several fleas, Dasypsyllus g. gallinae (Dale), found in one nest, were parasitized by phoretic hypopi of Acarus avicolus Fain and Beaucournu. Tyrophagus nidicola Dambre-Raes, 1974, is considered here as a synonym of Tyrophagus palmarum Oudemans, 1924. ACARIENS NIDICOLES RESUME : La faune acarologique recoltee dans 7 nids de cincles, Cinclus cinclus CINCLES aquaticus Bechstein, au Pays de Galles, Grande-Bretagne, a ete etudiee. Les especes PAYS DE GALLES recoltees sont au nombre de 54, elles font partie de 46 genres, 27 familIes et 4 ordres d'Acariens. Cette collection comprend plusieurs especes qui sont habituellement rencontrees dans des matieres alimentaires entreposees ou sont capables d'envahir des maisons ou de provoquer des allergies respiratoires chez l'homme; c'est le cas notamment de Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), T. longior (Gervais), T. palmarum Oudemans, Acarusfan'is (Oudemans), Dermatophagoidesfarinae Hughes, Kleemannia plumigera (Oudemans). L'un des nids contenait des puces, Dasypsyllus g. gallinae (Dale), porteuses d'hypopes d'Acarus avicolus Fain et Beaucournu. Tyrophagus nidicola Dambre-Raes, 1974, decrit de nids de Paridae de Belgique est considere ici comme un junior-synonyme de Tyrophagus palmarum. using Tullgren funnels, examined 422 nests of 56 INTRODUCTION different species of birds in the neighbourhood of Helsingfors, Finland. No nests of the dipper (Cin­ The acarofauna of birds' nests is still poorly clus cinclus) were represented in this collection. known. One of the most important contributions in NORDBERG recorded 528 different species of arthro­ this field is that of NORDBERG (1936). This author, pods among which 273 species of mites. The * Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Be1gique, 29, rue Vautier, 1040-Bruxelles. ** Department of Geography, University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LEI 1 3TU, U.K. *** 70, Hunters Way, Gillingham, Kent, ME7 3BT, U.K. Acal'ologia, t. XXXII, fasc. 3, 1991. - 194- Oribatids were represented by 96 species, the (L.). She found 43 species of mites (of which 38 Mesostigmata (including the Uropodina) by 43 were specifically named) belonging to 32 genera. species, the Prostigmata (including the Hydrach­ Most of these species were oribatids (26 species). nida) by 65 species, the Astigmata by 68 species, of Some well know pests of stored food or parasitic which 16 free-living species and 52 species parasitic species on domestic birds were present in this of birds (mainly feather mites) and the tiks, by one collection (e.g. Acarus siro, Glycyphagus domesticus, species. Some of these species are known as impor­ Dermanyssus gallinae, D. hirundinis (Hermann), tant pests of stored food products (e.g. Glycyphagus Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese), Ixodes sp.). domesticus (De Geer) and G. privatus Oudemans) BAKER, DELFINADO and ABBATIELLO (1976), using or harmful for domestic birds (Dermanysus gallinae the Berlese extraction method, investigated nests, of (De Geer». One might be surprised not to find in mostly unidentified birds, in New York, U.S.A. this collection representatives of the genera Tyro­ They found 21 species of mites among which phagus or Acarus which are common inhabitants of several are commonly recorded from stored food birds' or rodents' nests. products (e.g. Tyrophagus longior, Acarus sil'o and In Britain, two important papers have been Aeroglyphus robustus (Banks» or are associated with published on the arthropod fauna living in birds' house dust allergy (Dermatophagoides evansi Fain ness. WOODROFFE and SOUTHGATE (1952) studied and Sturnophagoides bakeri Fain), or with diseases this fauna by using a technique consisting of sieving in domestic fowl (Dermanyssus gallinae). Until the debris of the nests through wire meshes of recently no information was available concerning several sizes and examining the various fractions the mite fauna living in the nests of Dippers under the lower power of a binocular microscope. (Cinclus spp.). SPITZNAGEL (1985a), in a list ofmore They examined 19 nests from the following house­ than 600 publications dealing with various aspects nesting birds : PasseI' domesticus (L.) (10 nests), of Dippers (biology, behaviour, faunistic, morpho- . Delichon urbica (L.) (6 nests), Sturnus vulgaris L. logy, systematics etc...) did not mention any paper (1 nest), Erithacus rubecula Hartlaub (1 nest) and concerning the mites living in the nests of these Motacilla alba Gould (1 nest). They found 13 birds. However, during the same year (1985b) this species ofmites and several non identified oribatids. author recorded infestation of Dippers (Cinclus This collection contained several species that are cinclus aquaticus) in Germany by a parasitic mite, regularly found associated with stored food pro­ Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago). ducts such as Glycyphagus domesticus and Tyroli­ The mites were observed on the birds from November chus casei Oudemans, or dwelling-houses (Mealia to February. SCHMID (1985), also in Germany, pteronyssina (Trouessart», or parasites of domestic observed the same mite species parasitizing 13 out birds (Dermanyssus gallinae). of 45 nestlings of the dipper bred in nesting boxes WOODROFFE (1953, 1954), using the sieving method made of eternit. of the previous authors, examined the nests of five species of birds (i.e. hisser domesticus (L.), Deli­ chon urbica (L.) Hirundo rustica L., Columba sp. MATERIAL EXAMINED and Corvus monedula (L.». He found 21 species of mites, of which several are known to infest stored Origin of the nests. food products (i.e. Tyrophagus longior (Gervais) (= Tyroglyphus tenuiclavus Zachvatkin), Acarus sil'o L. We have examined 7 nests of Cinclus cinclus (= Tyrophagus farinae Latr.), Glycyphagus domes­ aquaticus, all collected in Wales in May and June ticus, Thyreophagus entomophagus (Laboulbene) or 1985, along the rivers Tywi, Teifi, Wye etc... house dust (Dermatophagoides sp. = Mealia sp.). The mites were extracted from nests by the use of RAES (1969), in Gent, Belgium, examined 101 Berlese funnels and sent to one of us (M.G.) by Dr nests of birds, of which 46 were of Parus major L., Stephanie J. TYLER, Conservation Officer for the 23 of P. caeruleus L. .and 32 of PasseI' montanus Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (Wales). - 195- The nests n° 1-6, were collected under the river British Isles. It is generally found in rotting vegeta- bank in very wet areas. The seventh sample (nest tion, compost, manure and dung and also in small 12) is the combined extractions from several nests mammals' nests and occasionally in birds' nests but all collected from drier sites under bridges. not recorded, so far, from dippers' nests (HYATT, 1980). We found several specimens (females an nymphs) Composition and structure of dipper nests in Wales. from the nests n° 2 and 12. Dr Stephanie J. TYLER kindly provided us with Parasitus hyalinus (Willmann, 1949). the following information about the composition of the dippers' nests in this region of Wales: "Main This species had been recorded only once from structure and dome are made of mosses, chiefly the British Isles, from the nest of Riparia riparia, Eurhynchium praelongum and other Eurhynchium from manure, mushroom compost and grassland species, e.g.E. riparoides, Brachythecium rivulare, B. (HYATT, 1980). rutabulum, Thamnium alopecurum, Omalia tricho­ In the nest n° 6 we found 2 females. This is the manoides, Hypnum cupressiforme, Thuidium tama­ first published record from Wales. riscinum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus and Fontinalis. Some nests apparently contain mainly two or three Holoparasitus lawrencei Hyatt, 1987. species. The mosses used are usually either wood­ land/bankside species or as in the case of Fontinalis This species had been described from several and E. riparoides, gathered from rocks in the river. parts of the British Isles includind Wales. It was I guess birds use mosses that are abundant in the found in litter, moss, leaf-litter, humus, tree holes locality, rather than selecting certain species ­ and in the nest of Turdus merula (HYATT, 1987). hence the listed species are all widespread and We found a male and a female in the nest n° 12. common. The inside of the nest is made of grasses, with dry leaves lining the cup. Leaves selected are Porrhostaspis lunulata Muller, 1859. often beech, but oak and ivy are also frequently A widespread European species, distributed used. Grasses used depend on the locality, e.g. throughout the British Isles and living in mosses, Molinia in moorland nests". leafmould, compost etc... Two female specimens were found in nest n° 12. Vulgarogamasus kraepelini
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