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This Fact Sheet Provides Information to Patients with Eczema and Their Carers. About Topical Corticosteroids How to Apply Topic
This fact sheet provides information to patients with eczema and their carers. About topical corticosteroids You or your child’s doctor has prescribed a topical corticosteroid for the treatment of eczema. For treating eczema, corticosteroids are usually prepared in a cream or ointment and are applied topically (directly onto the skin). Topical corticosteroids work by reducing inflammation and helping to control an over-reactive response of the immune system at the site of eczema. They also tighten blood vessels, making less blood flow to the surface of the skin. Together, these effects help to manage the symptoms of eczema. There is a range of steroids that can be used to treat eczema, each with different strengths (potencies). On the next page, the potencies of some common steroids are shown, as well as the concentration that they are usually used in cream or ointment preparations. Using a moisturiser along with a steroid cream does not reduce the effect of the steroid. There are many misconceptions about the side effects of topical corticosteroids. However these treatments are very safe and patients are encouraged to follow the treatment regimen as advised by their doctor. How to apply topical corticosteroids How often should I apply? How much should I apply? Apply 1–2 times each day to the affected area Enough cream should be used so that the of skin according to your doctor’s instructions. entire affected area is covered. The cream can then be rubbed or massaged into the Once the steroid cream has been applied, inflamed skin. moisturisers can be used straight away if needed. -
3628-3641-Pruritus in Selected Dermatoses
Eur opean Rev iew for Med ical and Pharmacol ogical Sci ences 2016; 20: 3628-3641 Pruritus in selected dermatoses K. OLEK-HRAB 1, M. HRAB 2, J. SZYFTER-HARRIS 1, Z. ADAMSKI 1 1Department of Dermatology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland 2Department of Urology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Abstract. – Pruritus is a natural defence mech - logical self-defence mechanism similar to other anism of the body and creates the scratch reflex skin sensations, such as touch, pain, vibration, as a defensive reaction to potentially dangerous cold or heat, enabling the protection of the skin environmental factors. Together with pain, pruritus from external factors. Pruritus is a frequent is a type of superficial sensory experience. Pruri - symptom associated with dermatoses and various tus is a symptom often experienced both in 1 healthy subjects and in those who have symptoms systemic diseases . Acute pruritus often develops of a disease. In dermatology, pruritus is a frequent simultaneously with urticarial symptoms or as an symptom associated with a number of dermatoses acute undesirable reaction to drugs. The treat - and is sometimes an auxiliary factor in the diag - ment of this form of pruritus is much easier. nostic process. Apart from histamine, the most The chronic pruritus that often develops in pa - popular pruritus mediators include tryptase, en - tients with cholestasis, kidney diseases or skin dothelins, substance P, bradykinin, prostaglandins diseases (e.g. atopic dermatitis) is often more dif - and acetylcholine. The group of atopic diseases is 2,3 characterized by the presence of very persistent ficult to treat . Persistent rubbing, scratching or pruritus. -
4. Antibacterial/Steroid Combination Therapy in Infected Eczema
Acta Derm Venereol 2008; Suppl 216: 28–34 4. Antibacterial/steroid combination therapy in infected eczema Anthony C. CHU Infection with Staphylococcus aureus is common in all present, the use of anti-staphylococcal agents with top- forms of eczema. Production of superantigens by S. aureus ical corticosteroids has been shown to produce greater increases skin inflammation in eczema; antibacterial clinical improvement than topical corticosteroids alone treatment is thus pivotal. Poor patient compliance is a (6, 7). These findings are in keeping with the demon- major cause of treatment failure; combination prepara- stration that S. aureus can be isolated from more than tions that contain an antibacterial and a topical steroid 90% of atopic eczema skin lesions (8); in one study, it and that work quickly can improve compliance and thus was isolated from 100% of lesional skin and 79% of treatment outcome. Fusidic acid has advantages over normal skin in patients with atopic eczema (9). other available topical antibacterial agents – neomycin, We observed similar rates of infection in a prospective gentamicin, clioquinol, chlortetracycline, and the anti- audit at the Hammersmith Hospital, in which all new fungal agent miconazole. The clinical efficacy, antibac- patients referred with atopic eczema were evaluated. In terial activity and cosmetic acceptability of fusidic acid/ a 2-month period, 30 patients were referred (22 children corticosteroid combinations are similar to or better than and 8 adults). The reason given by the primary health those of comparator combinations. Fusidic acid/steroid physician for referral in 29 was failure to respond to combinations work quickly with observable improvement prescribed treatment, and one patient was referred be- within the first week. -
Red, Weeping and Oozing P.51 6
DERM CASE Test your knowledge with multiple-choice cases This month–9 cases: 1. Red, Weeping and Oozing p.51 6. A Chronic Condition p.56 2. A Rough Forehead p.52 7. “Why am I losing hair?” p.57 3. A Flat Papule p.53 8. Bothersome Bites p.58 4. Itchy Arms p.54 9. Ring-like Rashes p.59 5. A Patchy Neck p.55 on © buti t ri , h ist oad rig D wnl Case 1 y al n do p ci ca use o er sers nal C m d u rso m rise r pe o utho y fo C d. A cop or bite ngle Red, Weleepirnohig a sind Oozing a se p rint r S ed u nd p o oris w a t f uth , vie o Una lay AN12-year-old boy dpriesspents with a generalized, itchy rash over his body. The rash has been present for two years. Initially, the lesions were red, weeping and oozing. In the past year, the lesions became thickened, dry and scaly. What is your diagnosis? a. Psoriasis b. Pityriasis rosea c. Seborrheic dermatitis d. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) Answer Atopic dermatitis (eczema) (answer d) is a chroni - cally relapsing dermatosis characterized by pruritus, later by a widespread, symmetrical eruption in erythema, vesiculation, papulation, oozing, crust - which the long axes of the rash extend along skin ing, scaling and, in chronic cases, lichenification. tension lines and give rise to a “Christmas tree” Associated findings can include xerosis, hyperlin - appearance. Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized earity of the palms, double skin creases under the by a greasy, scaly, non-itchy, erythematous rash, lower eyelids (Dennie-Morgan folds), keratosis which might be patchy and focal and might spread pilaris and pityriasis alba. -
Photodermatoses Update Knowledge and Treatment of Photodermatoses Discuss Vitamin D Levels in Photodermatoses
Ashley Feneran, DO Jenifer Lloyd, DO University Hospitals Regional Hospitals AMERICAN OSTEOPATHIC COLLEGE OF DERMATOLOGY Objectives Review key points of several photodermatoses Update knowledge and treatment of photodermatoses Discuss vitamin D levels in photodermatoses Types of photodermatoses Immunologically mediated disorders Defective DNA repair disorders Photoaggravated dermatoses Chemical- and drug-induced photosensitivity Types of photodermatoses Immunologically mediated disorders Polymorphous light eruption Actinic prurigo Hydroa vacciniforme Chronic actinic dermatitis Solar urticaria Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) Most common form of idiopathic photodermatitis Possibly due to delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to an endogenous cutaneous photo- induced antigen Presents within minutes to hours of UV exposure and lasts several days Pathology Superficial and deep lymphocytic infiltrate Marked papillary dermal edema PMLE Treatment Topical or oral corticosteroids High SPF Restriction of UV exposure Hardening – natural, NBUVB, PUVA Antimalarial PMLE updates Study suggests topical vitamin D analogue used prophylactically may provide therapeutic benefit in PMLE Gruber-Wackernagel A, Bambach FJ, Legat A, et al. Br J Dermatol, 2011. PMLE updates Study seeks to further elucidate the pathogenesis of PMLE Found a decrease in Langerhans cells and an increase in mast cell density in lesional skin Wolf P, Gruber-Wackernagel A, Bambach I, et al. Exp Dermatol, 2014. Actinic prurigo Similar to PMLE Common in native -
Steroid Use in Prednisone Allergy Abby Shuck, Pharmd Candidate
Steroid Use in Prednisone Allergy Abby Shuck, PharmD candidate 2015 University of Findlay If a patient has an allergy to prednisone and methylprednisolone, what (if any) other corticosteroid can the patient use to avoid an allergic reaction? Corticosteroids very rarely cause allergic reactions in patients that receive them. Since corticosteroids are typically used to treat severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, it seems unlikely that these drugs could actually induce an allergic reaction of their own. However, between 0.5-5% of people have reported any sort of reaction to a corticosteroid that they have received.1 Corticosteroids can cause anything from minor skin irritations to full blown anaphylactic shock. Worsening of allergic symptoms during corticosteroid treatment may not always mean that the patient has failed treatment, although it may appear to be so.2,3 There are essentially four classes of corticosteroids: Class A, hydrocortisone-type, Class B, triamcinolone acetonide type, Class C, betamethasone type, and Class D, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate and clobetasone-17-butyrate type. Major* corticosteroids in Class A include cortisone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, and prednisone. Major* corticosteroids in Class B include budesonide, fluocinolone, and triamcinolone. Major* corticosteroids in Class C include beclomethasone and dexamethasone. Finally, major* corticosteroids in Class D include betamethasone, fluticasone, and mometasone.4,5 Class D was later subdivided into Class D1 and D2 depending on the presence or 5,6 absence of a C16 methyl substitution and/or halogenation on C9 of the steroid B-ring. It is often hard to determine what exactly a patient is allergic to if they experience a reaction to a corticosteroid. -
Etats Rapides
List of European Pharmacopoeia Reference Standards Effective from 2015/12/24 Order Reference Standard Batch n° Quantity Sale Information Monograph Leaflet Storage Price Code per vial Unit Y0001756 Exemestane for system suitability 1 10 mg 1 2766 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0001561 Abacavir sulfate 1 20 mg 1 2589 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0001552 Abacavir for peak identification 1 10 mg 1 2589 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0001551 Abacavir for system suitability 1 10 mg 1 2589 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000055 Acamprosate calcium - reference spectrum 1 n/a 1 1585 79 ! Y0000116 Acamprosate impurity A 1 50 mg 1 3-aminopropane-1-sulphonic acid 1585 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000500 Acarbose 3 100 mg 1 See leaflet ; Batch 2 is valid until 31 August 2015 2089 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000354 Acarbose for identification 1 10 mg 1 2089 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000427 Acarbose for peak identification 3 20 mg 1 Batch 2 is valid until 31 January 2015 2089 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! A0040000 Acebutolol hydrochloride 1 50 mg 1 0871 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000359 Acebutolol impurity B 2 10 mg 1 -[3-acetyl-4-[(2RS)-2-hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino] propoxy]phenyl] 0871 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! acetamide (diacetolol) Y0000127 Acebutolol impurity C 1 20 mg 1 N-(3-acetyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butanamide 0871 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000128 Acebutolol impurity I 2 0.004 mg 1 N-[3-acetyl-4-[(2RS)-3-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]phenyl] 0871 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! butanamide Y0000056 Aceclofenac - reference spectrum 1 n/a 1 1281 79 ! Y0000085 Aceclofenac impurity F 2 15 mg 1 benzyl[[[2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl]acetyl]oxy]acetate -
St John's Institute of Dermatology
St John’s Institute of Dermatology Topical steroids This leaflet explains more about topical steroids and how they are used to treat a variety of skin conditions. If you have any questions or concerns, please speak to a doctor or nurse caring for you. What are topical corticosteroids and how do they work? Topical corticosteroids are steroids that are applied onto the skin and are used to treat a variety of skin conditions. The type of steroid found in these medicines is similar to those produced naturally in the body and they work by reducing inflammation within the skin, making it less red and itchy. What are the different strengths of topical corticosteroids? Topical steroids come in a number of different strengths. It is therefore very important that you follow the advice of your doctor or specialist nurse and apply the correct strength of steroid to a given area of the body. The strengths of the most commonly prescribed topical steroids in the UK are listed in the table below. Table 1 - strengths of commonly prescribed topical steroids Strength Chemical name Common trade names Mild Hydrocortisone 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% Hydrocortisone Dioderm®, Efcortelan®, Mildison® Moderate Betamethasone valerate 0.025% Betnovate-RD® Clobetasone butyrate 0.05% Eumovate®, Clobavate® Fluocinolone acetonide 0.001% Synalar 1 in 4 dilution® Fluocortolone 0.25% Ultralanum Plain® Fludroxycortide 0.0125% Haelan® Tape Strong Betamethasone valerate 0.1% Betnovate® Diflucortolone valerate 0.1% Nerisone® Fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% Synalar® Fluticasone propionate 0.05% Cutivate® Hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1% Locoid® Mometasone furoate 0.1% Elocon® Very strong Clobetasol propionate 0.1% Dermovate®, Clarelux® Diflucortolone valerate 0.3% Nerisone Forte® 1 of 5 In adults, stronger steroids are generally used on the body and mild or moderate steroids are used on the face and skin folds (armpits, breast folds, groin and genitals). -
Connecticut Medicaid
ACNE AGENTS, TOPICAL ‡ ANGIOTENSIN MODULATOR COMBINATIONS ANTICONVULSANTS, CONT. CONNECTICUT MEDICAID (STEP THERAPY CATEGORY) AMLODIPINE / BENAZEPRIL (ORAL) LAMOTRIGINE CHEW DISPERS TAB (not ODT) (ORAL) (DX CODE REQUIRED - DIFFERIN, EPIDUO and RETIN-A) AMLODIPINE / OLMESARTAN (ORAL) LAMOTRIGINE TABLET (IR) (not ER) (ORAL) Preferred Drug List (PDL) ACNE MEDICATION LOTION (BENZOYL PEROXIDE) (TOPICAL)AMLODIPINE / VALSARTAN (ORAL) LEVETIRACETAM SOLUTION, IR TABLET (not ER) (ORAL) • The Connecticut Medicaid Preferred Drug List (PDL) is a BENZOYL PEROXIDE CREAM, WASH (not FOAM) (TOPICAL) OXCARBAZEPINE TABLET (ORAL) listing of prescription products selected by the BENZOYL PEROXIDE 5% and 10% GEL (OTC) (TOPICAL) ANTHELMINTICS PHENOBARBITAL ELIXIR, TABLET (ORAL) Pharmaceutical and Therapeutics Committee as efficacious, BENZOYL PEROXIDE 6% CLEANSER (OTC) (TOPICAL) ALBENDAZOLE TABLET (ORAL) PHENYTOIN CHEW TABLET, SUSPENSION (ORAL) safe and cost effective choices when prescribing for HUSKY CLINDAMYCIN PH 1% PLEGET (TOPICAL) BILTRICIDE TABLET (ORAL) PHENYTOIN SOD EXT CAPSULE (ORAL) A, HUSKY C, HUSKY D, Tuberculosis (TB) and Family CLINDAMYCIN PH 1% SOLUTION (not GEL or LOTION) (TOPICAL)IVERMECTIN TABLET (ORAL) PRIMIDONE (ORAL) Planning (FAMPL) clients. CLINDAMYCIN / BENZOYL PEROXIDE 1.2%-5% (DUAC) (TOPICAL) SABRIL 500 MG POWDER PACK (ORAL) • Preferred or Non-preferred status only applies to DIFFERIN 0.1% CREAM (TOPICAL) (not OTC GEL) (DX CODE REQ.) ANTI-ALLERGENS, ORAL SABRIL TABLET (ORAL) those medications that fall within the drug classes DIFFERIN -
Frontiers in Dermatology and Venereology - a Series of Theme Issues in Relation to the 100-Year Anniversary of Actadv
ISSN 0001-5555 ActaDV Volume 100 2020 Theme issue ADVANCES IN DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY A Non-profit International Journal for Interdisciplinary Skin Research, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Frontiers in Dermatology and Venereology - A series of theme issues in relation to the 100-year anniversary of ActaDV Official Journal of - European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry Affiliated with - The International Forum for the Study of Itch Immediate Open Access Acta Dermato-Venereologica www.medicaljournals.se/adv ACTA DERMATO-VENEREOLOGICA The journal was founded in 1920 by Professor Johan Almkvist. Since 1969 ownership has been vested in the Society for Publication of Acta Dermato-Venereologica, a non-profit organization. Since 2006 the journal is published online, independently without a commercial publisher. (For further information please see the journal’s website https://www. medicaljournals.se/acta) ActaDV is a journal for clinical and experimental research in the field of dermatology and venereology and publishes high- quality papers in English dealing with new observations on basic dermatological and venereological research, as well as clinical investigations. Each volume also features a number of review articles in special areas, as well as Correspondence to the Editor to stimulate debate. New books are also reviewed. The journal has rapid publication times. Editor-in-Chief: Olle Larkö, MD, PhD, Gothenburg Former Editors: Johan Almkvist 1920–1935 Deputy Editors: Sven Hellerström 1935–1969 -
Dermatological Disorders in Tuvalu Between 2009 and 2012
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 12: 3629-3631, 2015 Dermatological disorders in Tuvalu between 2009 and 2012 LI-JUNG LAN1,2, YING-SHUANG LIEN2,3, SHAO-CHUAN WANG2,4, NESE ITUASO-CONWAY5, MING-CHE TSAI2,6, PAO-YING TSENG6, YU-LIN YEH1, CHUN-TZU CHEN7, KO‑HUANG LUE2,8, JING-GUNG CHUNG9,10 and YU-PING HSIAO1,2 1Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201; 2Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201; Departments of 3Obstetrics and Gynecology, and 4Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201; 5Public Health, Princess Margaret Hospital, Ministry of Health, Funafuti, Tuvalu; 6International Medical Service Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201; Departments of 7Chief Secretary Group and 8Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201; 9Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40201; 10Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C. Received July 1, 2014; Accepted September 18, 2014 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3806 Abstract. There is a distinct lack of knowledge on the land area of Tuvalu is only 25.9 km2, and the highest point does prevalence of skin disorders in Tuvalu. The aim of the current not exceed 4 m above sea level (1). Currently, an estimated study was to assess the prevalence of cutaneous diseases and 11,000 people live in Tuvalu (1). The Taiwan International to evaluate access dermatological care in Tuvalu. Cutaneous Cooperation and Development Fund (Taiwan ICDF) has disorders in the people of Tuvalu between 2009 and 2012 coordinated the medical resources of Taiwanese hospitals in were examined. -
Advice for Patients Who Take Replacement Steroids (Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone Or Plenadren) for Pituitary/Adrenal Insufficiency
Advice for patients who take replacement steroids (hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone or plenadren) for pituitary/adrenal insufficiency A number of you have been in touch looking for advice relating to the global coronavirus (also known as COVID-19) outbreak. If you are on steroid replacement therapy for pituitary or adrenal disease, or care for someone who is, and you’re worried about coronavirus, we’ve brought together a number of resources that we hope you will find useful. Coronavirus Adrenal Insufficiency Advice for Patients Primary adrenal insufficiency refers to all patients with loss of function of the adrenal itself, mostly either due to autoimmune Addison’s disease, or other causes such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, bilateral adrenalectomy and adrenoleukodystrophy. The overwhelming majority of primary adrenal insufficiency patients suffer from both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency and usually take hydrocortisone (or prednisolone) and fludrocortisone. Our guidance similarly applies to patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency mostly due to pituitary tumours or previous high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. These patients take hydrocortisone for glucocorticoid deficiency As you will be aware it is important for patients with adrenal insufficiency to increase their steroids if unwell as per the usual sick day rules. Please ensure you have sufficient supplies to cover increased doses if you become unwell and an up to date emergency injection of hydrocortisone 100mg. Patients who suffer from a suspected or confirmed infection with coronavirus usually have high fever for many hours of the day, which results in the need for larger than usual steroid doses, so we advise slightly different sick day rules, which are listed below.