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Conwy Archive Service GB 2008 CD7 Conwy Archive Service This catalogue was digitised by The National Archives as part of the National Register of Archives digitisation project The National Archives SIDNEY COLWYN FOULKES, ARCHITECT, COLWYN BAY: BUSINESS RECORDS CD7 Catalogiwyd gan / Catalogued by: Haydn Mather, Project Cataloguing Archivist Gwasanaeth Archifau Conwy Llyfrgell, Gwybodaeth a Diwylliant Conwy Archive Service Library, Information and Culture 2005 Contents CD7/1 Records of Edward Foulkes, builder CD7/1/1 Financial Records CD7/1/2 Correspondence CD7/1/3 Timesheets CD7/1/4 Other Business Records CD7/1/5 Personal Papers CD7/1/6 Miscellaneous CD7/2 Records of Sidney Colwyn Foulkes, architect CD7/2/1 Financial Records CD7/2/2 Correspondence CD7/2/3 Job Files CD7/2/4 Other Business Records CD7/2/5 Drawing and Pint Books CD7/2/6 Awards CD7/2/7 Miscellaneous f CD7, CMaps & Plans 21, CP75 Sidney Colwyn Foulkes, ARIBA, Colwyn Bay (1884-1971) Biographical History SCF was the grandson and son of successful builders. His grandfather was involved in the development of Rhyl as a resort, and his father Edward, some of whose records and drawings have survived in this collection, was responsible for many of the early buildings in Colwyn Bay. By the age of 16, SCF was already a time-served joiner in his father's business. In 1899, his father having over-reached himself in speculative building projects in Station Road, Colwyn Bay, the family business collapsed with Edward becoming bankrupt and never working again. As the eldest child of a family of 7, SCF was left as breadwinner. Although working as a jobbing builder, SCF had a great interest in design and was fortunate enough to obtain a commission from Will Catlin, the founder of Catlin's Royal Pierrots and a theatrical entrepreneur, to design and build a demountable theatre for him on the Promenade at Colwyn Bay. Other design and building work followed, including in 1910 or 1911, a chance to design whatever he liked on the site of coaching stables in Colwyn Bay. SCF had recently seen a travelling movie film in a field in Abergele, and so was inspired to design a cinema. This was the Cosy, the first of SCF's many cinemas. It's owner was so pleased that he gave SCF free office­ space above the cinema for as long as he wanted, and after qualifying as an architect this was SCF's first office known as Central Chambers. At about this time, Liverpool University opened the first School of Architecture in the UK, under Professor Riley. Riley's vision was of young people from all round the country training as architects, and returning to their communities to work. SCF now knew that he wanted to be an architect, so took a portfolio of his work to Liverpool. Professor Riley was impressed and offered him a scholarship. SCF qualified in 1915. From there, he went into the Royal Naval Air Service and worked in Crystal Palace in the Aircraft Design Department. He also attended part time London University School of Planning and became one of the 1 st members of the Town Planning Institute. Although offered opportunities to practice in London, SCF returned home to Colwyn Bay, where he at first found it hard to make a living, as the code of conduct of the RIBA barred him from building work. In the mid 1920s, however, a major contract came his way: the Colwyn Bay and West Denbighshire Hospital, which was built entirely by public subscription. This was the first hospital in Britain to break the traditional layout of having sluices and toilets at the end of the wards; instead they were placed centrally and on the opposite side of the corridor. Another major project of this period was the Woods' Drapery Shop in Station Road, Colwyn Bay. At a time when the town was known for its quality shops, this was a major scoop for SCF, who redesigned a relatively humble family draper's shop as a magnificent department store with an under-cover arcade so that people could window-shop in comfort. The addition of new buildings at Rydal School in 1927 was another very major commission, and a step in a long relationship between SCF's company and the school, which lasted until the 1990s. The original school buildings on Lansdowne Road had been erected by SCF's father to the design of others. SCF now designed the new Science Building, named after A J Costain, the Headmaster, and built, incidentally by his brothers firm, Costains of Liverpool. Throughout the 1930s there was a great upsurge in cinema building; there was even a Cinema of the Year Award that was invariably won by Harry Weedon, the architect to the Odeon Group of cinemas. SCF designed cinemas in Rhyl, Menai Bridge, Llanrwst, Flint, Bebbington and Prenton, that were distinguished by fine and decorative brickwork and increasingly simple interiors. Finally, with the commission for the cinema in Conwy by Mr Christmas Jones in 1937, SCF won the coveted Award. After the Second World War there was an urgent need for more housing, and SCF was commissioned to design a Housing Estate in Beaumaris for the local Council. The estate was situated on a sloping site above the old town on land that was part of Sir Richard Bulkeley's estate. SCF rejected the more typical semi-detached style chosen for council housing as being difficult to keep warm, unaesthetic and as making extravagant use of land. He therefore spent long hours designing terraces that would look pleasing on the slope and would not need tunnels to rear service roads, for an additional front porch held refuse and fuel. He also flouted the current regulations for room height and reduced ceiling height from 8' to 7'6". In this latter, he was extremely fortunate that the then Minister of Health and Housing, Aneurin Bevan, inspected the estate and concurred that the room height was acceptable. The design later received a Ministry of Housing Bronze Medal. Further housing schemes followed, notably including the Elwy Road Estate in Rhos-on-Sea, where decorative brickwork and Alice in Wonderland porch details created a harmonious and interesting textural effect. This scheme received a Civic Trust Award. At around this time SCF was awarded the OB E for his services to architecture, and was also made Honorary Freeman of the Borough of Colwyn Bay in 1966. In conclusion, SCF was a pioneer in the field of industrial landscape design. At the time when the Central Electricity Authority was seeking to extend the catchment area serving the Dolgarrog Hydro-Electric Station, a clause was inserted in the Bill obliging the developer to employ an independent Landscape Consultant who would have to be approved by the National Parks and other conservation bodies. Although he originally resisted all attempts to persuade him to take on the ensuing work, SCF eventually agreed and, in typical fashion, took the role very seriously, insisting that construction work stop whilst he thought about the scheme. His solutions were not only aesthetically pleasing, they were also practical, and the Dolgarrog scheme was awarded a Civic Trust Award. SCF went on to act as consultant to the Birmingham Water Board, to Devonshire County Council and to Manchester Corporation Water Authority. He was a member of the Council for the Protection of Rural Wales and of the Historic Buildings Council for Wales. Administrative History SCF's first office was in Central Chambers, Conway Road, Colwyn Bay. Around 1946 he moved to Merton Place, Pwllycrochan Avenue, where the practice stayed until its closure in 2000. A proportion of the drawings were destroyed circa 1974 by the company itself. Archival History The collection was surveyed by Conwy Archive Service staff in 2000, and transported to the Archive in January 2001. Al l administrative records of the earliest years of SCF's and Edward Foulkes businesses were selected for permanent preservation, together with a sample of job files from the later company. Of the drawings and photographs, nearly all relating to Conwy County Borough were selected. Those for neighbouring North Wales counties were also selected, with the intention of offering them to the appropriate repository. Certain drawings for projects outside Conwy County Borough were selected for retention by Conwy, on the grounds that they provided important insights into SCF's professional development. Of the collection held in Conwy, the drawings have been catalogued to building level, but not to individual plan level. The catalogue number is CMaps & Plans/21. See also photographs (CP/75) in this collection. In due course all finding aids will be available in catalogue form in the Archive, and through CAL M on the Archive's website. CD7 1879-1999 S Colwyn Foulkes, Architect, Colwyn Bay: Business Records Created by Edward Foulkes, builder, by his son Sidney Colwyn Foulkes, architect, and his son Ralph Colwyn Foulkes, who took over the architectural business after SCF's death. CD7/1 1883-1899 Papers of Edward Foulkes, builder and father of SCF CD7/1/1 Financial Records CD7/1/1/1 1895-1899 LEDGER: Accounts ledger. Also gives list of business and private addresses CD7/1/1/2 1883-1893 BUNDLE OF BILLS: For supplies of buildings materials, fittings and carriage of items by London & North Western Railway. CD7/1/1/3 1890-1891 BUNDLE OF INVOICES: Priced invoices including work done for John Porter Esq., Pwllycrochan Hotel and the Pwllycrochan Estate Co Ltd. CD7/1/1/4 1890-1893 BUNDLES OF RECEIPTS [2]: For building work, suppliers of materials, painting work, railway carriage, cartage of oil, coal and bricks, etc.
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