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Download Download PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) SMALL WILD CATS SPECIAL ISSUE Short Communication Insights into the feeding ecology of and threats to Sand Cat Felis margarita Loche, 1858 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in the Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan Alex Leigh Brighten & Robert John Burnside 12 March 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 4 | Pages: 13492–13496 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4445.11.4.13492-13496 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Partner Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 March 2019 | 11(4): 13492–13496 Insights into the feeding ecology of and threats to Sand Cat Felis margarita Loche, 1858 (Mammalia: Carnivora: ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Felidae) in the Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan Short Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Alex Leigh Brighten 1 & Robert John Burnside 2 PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS 1,2 School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR2 7TJ, UK. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected] Abstract: Litle is known about the ecology of the Sand Cat Felis Felis margarita is classifed as Least Concern in the margarita throughout its range in the deserts of northern Africa to IUCN Red List (Sliwa et al. 2016). In Uzbekistan, while central Asia. We present observatons of the Sand Cat in the southern Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan, potentally preying upon a large bird and F. m. thinobius is not listed in the Red Data Book of the returning to the kill on subsequent nights. This record contributes to country (Khassanov 2009), it has been recommended for the knowledge about the feeding ecology and varied diet of the Sand Cat and its opportunistc huntng strategy. inclusion in the next editon of the book, which is yet to be published (Gritsina pers. comm. 18 April 2018). Apart Keywords: Asian Houbara, Bukhara region, camera trapping, from local knowledge and anecdotal evidence, nothing Chlamydots macqueenii, conservaton needs, opportunistc feeding, scavenging. is known about the ecology, distributon, populaton sizes, or trends of the species in Uzbekistan (Gritsina 2014) nor anywhere in central Asia. Therefore, any new observaton contributes to the knowledge base on this The distributon of the Sand Cat Felis margarita species. Here we present opportunistc observatons on ranges from northern Africa to central Asia across which the feeding ecology of a Sand Cat in Uzbekistan. it almost exclusively inhabits sandy and stony deserts (Schauenberg 1974). Very litle is known about its Materials and Methods ecology and while some aspects have been studied in As part of long-term research into the ecology of Israel (Abbadi 1991), Morocco (Sliwa et al. 2013; Breton Asian Houbara Chlamydots macqueenii in the southern et al. 2016; Sliwa et al. 2017; Breton & Sliwa 2018), and Kyzylkum Desert west of Bukhara, feld research teams Iran (Ghafaripour et al. 2017), the Central Asian Sand have been spending 3.5 months in the study area each Cat F. m. thinobius remains partcularly understudied. year from 2012–2018 as described in Burnside et al. Burnside et al. (2014) confrmed a breeding populaton 2014. During this feldwork, they occasionally observe to be stll present in the southern Kyzylkum Desert, Sand Cat, but as the work is diurnal it does not overlap Uzbekistan (Fig. 1), aligning modern data with the species well with the nocturnal actvity of Sand Cat, which distributon reported by Heptner & Sludskii (1992). reduces the probability of detectng the species. The DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4445.11.4.13492-13496 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:85CFD5B8-ECAE-4652-8E58-A4A9BD34BAD2 Editor: Shomita Mukherjee, SACON, Coimbatore, India. Date of publicaton: 12 March 2019 (online & print) Manuscript details: #4445 | Received 27 July 2018 | Final received 14 January 2019 | Finally accepted 25 February 2019 Citaton: Brighten, A.L. & R.J. Burnside (2019). Insights into the feeding ecology of and threats to Sand Cat Felis margarita Loche, 1858 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in the Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(4): 13492–13496; htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4445.11.4.13492-13496 Copyright: © Brighten & Burnside 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: The Ahmed bin Zayed Charitable Foundaton. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Acknowledgements: The authors are funded by the Ahmed bin Zayed Charitable Foundaton. We are grateful to Angie Appel for her insightul knowledge and valuable feedback, to Erasil Khaitov for his tracking expertse and extensive knowledge of the desert, and to the Emirates Bird Breeding Center for Conservaton (EBBCC) for their support. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped improve the manuscript. Field research into Asian Houbara ecology is conducted under permissions from Gosbiokontrol, Uzbekistan. 13492 Feeding ecology of Sand Cat Brighten & Burnside Figure 1. Study area, C. macqueenii Research Project, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan, showing Sand Cat observaton (green dot) and the diferent vegetaton zones. © R. Burnside. data is thus generally limited to opportunistc diurnal Results observatons. This equivalent feld efort in each feld The carcass of C. macqueenii was found on a small season resulted in an average of one Sand Cat report hill of consolidated sand with low shrubs dominated per year, with the excepton of 2014 (Burnside et al. by Astragalus villosissimus and Salsola spp. and sparse 2014) and 2018 (this artcle) when the species was also grass cover. The discovery was made afer sightng recorded through camera traps. feathers distributed in shrubs up to 10m around the Part of our work is to monitor the survival of released kill at 40.4230N & 63.9860E. Feathers did not show captve-bred C. macqueenii and establish causes of its signs of chewing but had been plucked. The pectoral mortality in the feld. In the period afer their release, muscles were partally eaten and the entre head and captve-bred birds are more susceptble to predaton neck were missing. The legs and wings were intact than their wild counterparts (Burnside et al. 2016). and undamaged. This is unlike a kill by Red Fox Vulpes On 26 March 2018, we located a freshly-killed and vulpes, another common predator of released captve- partally-eaten C. macqueenii, identfed by its leg rings bred C. macqueenii in the area (Burnside et al. 2016). A as a recently released captve-bred yearling male. The Red Fox usually chews the limbs, removing and caching evidence found around the carcass suggested that the them, while leaving chewed feather quill tps as opposed predator was a cat. We deployed a trail camera (Bushnell to plucking them at kill sites (Robert J. Burnside, Trophy Cam HD Essental, model #119836) 2m from the unpublished data). kill, low to the ground and concealed in a shrub, for three Pounce marks found close to the carcass, nights. We set it to record moton-triggered, 15s-long approximately 4m away, were identfed as that of a videos both during the day and night (PIR sensor) and Sand Cat. Erasil Khaitov, an experienced tracker in then returned to collect it three days later. the research team who has worked extensively in the Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 March 2019 | 11(4): 13492–13496 13493 Feeding ecology of Sand Cat Brighten & Burnside Image 1. Camera trap footage of a Sand Cat feeding on the carcass of a captve-bred Asian Houbara in the Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan. © A. Brighten. Image 2. Sand Cat pounce marks lef during a hunt, with four paw-prints (highlighted with white dashed boxes) in the Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan. © A. Brighten & R. Burnside. Kyzylkum Desert, identfed the species’ prints without the kill once more at 21.24h on 28 March 2018, afer hesitaton. Tracks leading up to the kill site showed a which there were no more observed visits by the cat or slow, creeping approach indicatng that the cat was other vertebrate scavengers. The footage showed the moving low to the ground. In two areas, the tracks Sand Cat to be a male. The morning afer the second deepened with the force of a pounce (Image 2), with all visit by the cat, however, the carcass had been removed. four paws visible; drag marks of approximately 6m were There was a single night trigger on 28 March, the second seen nearby leading to where the carcass was found. visit by a cat, suggestng there to be a batery failure The camera trap recorded footage of a Sand Cat limitng the fring of the infra-red fash.
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