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Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society 5 (2019) 312–330 brill.com/jrat Who Leads Leitkultur? How Populist Claims about ‘Christian Identity’ Impact Christian-Democrats in Western Europe Ernst van den Hemel Humanities Cluster, KNAW Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract A widely shared but understudied characteristic of the rise of right-wing conser- vative populism (the New Right) is the emphasis on religious-cultural identity of the West. Using phrases like ‘Judeo-Christianity’, ‘Christian values’, or ‘Christian Leitkultur’ a variety of political actors have claimed that religious-cultural identity needs to be safeguarded and enshrined in policy. As this frame is gaining traction, the question arises what this emphasis on the public importance of religion entails for those who tend to see themselves as the guardians of religious-cultural identity. In par- ticular this article focusses on the challenges this development creates for Christian Democratic political actors. On the one hand the emphasis on the importance of ‘christian traditions’ resonates with the historical position of christian democrats, on the other hand, there are im- portant differences between traditional christian democracy and how the New Right speaks of religion. The main aim of this article is to outline how the rise of the New Right has created a contestation about what it means to represent christian cultural identity. Keywords populism – postsecular – Christian democracy – Judeo-Christianity © Ernst van den Hemel, 2020 | doi:10.30965/23642807-00502003 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ndDownloaded 4.0 License. -
Aktuelle Analysen 66
aktuelle analysen 66 Reinhard Meier-Walser DIE DISKUSSION UM EINE LEITKULTUR Hintergrund, Positionen und aktueller Stand www.hss.de Reinhard Meier-Walser DIE DISKUSSION UM EINE LEITKULTUR Hintergrund, Positionen und aktueller Stand Impressum ISBN 978-3-88795-526-7 Herausgeber Copyright 2017, Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung e.V., München Lazarettstraße 33, 80636 München, Tel. +49 (0)89 / 1258-0 E-Mail: [email protected], Online: www.hss.de Vorsitzende Prof. Ursula Männle, Staatsministerin a.D. Hauptgeschäftsführer Dr. Peter Witterauf Leiter der Akademie für Prof. Dr. Reinhard Meier-Walser Politik und Zeitgeschehen Autor Prof. Dr. Reinhard Meier-Walser Redaktion Prof. Dr. Reinhard Meier-Walser (Chefredakteur) Barbara Fürbeth M.A. (Redaktionsleiterin) Susanne Berke, Dipl.-Bibl. (Redakteurin) Marion Steib (Redaktionsassistentin) V.i.S.d.P. Thomas Reiner Druck Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung e.V., Hausdruckerei, München Alle Rechte, insbesondere das Recht der Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung sowie Übersetzung, vorbehalten. Kein Teil dieses Werkes darf in irgendeiner Form (durch Fotokopie, Mikrofilm oder ein anderes Verfahren) ohne schriftliche Genehmigung der Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung e.V. reproduziert oder unter Verwendung elektro- nischer Systeme verarbeitet, vervielfältigt oder verbreitet werden. Davon ausgenommen sind Teile, die als Creative Commons gekennzeichnet sind. Das Copyright für diese Publikation liegt bei der Hanns-Seidel- Stiftung e.V. Namentlich gekennzeichnete redaktionelle Beiträge geben nicht unbedingt die Meinung des Herausgebers wieder. Inhaltsverzeichnis -
Why We Should Talk About German 'Orientierungskultur' Rather Than
A&K Analyse & Kritik 2018; 40(2): 381–403 Mathias Risse* Why We Should Talk about German ‘Orientierungskultur’ rather than ‘Leitkultur’ https://doi.org/10.1515/auk-2018-0021 Abstract: The notion of Leitkultur has been used in German immigration debates to capture the idea that our living arrangements ought to be shaped by shared cultural identity. Leitkultur contrasts with a multiculturalism that sees multiple cultures side-by-side on equal terms. We should replace Leitkultur with Orien- tierungskultur, a notion whose introduction is overdue. German philosophy, espe- cially Kant, has bestowed an intellectual meaning upon an originally geographi- cal notion that is already ubiquitous, making ‘Orientierungskultur’ a natural con- struct. That notion allows us to say there is an inevitably amorphous but recog- nizable German culture whose prominence in public life provides a grounding for many and prevents them from feeling alienated from the society they helped build; at the same time, for some domains of public life not participating in de- fault behavior is not merely tolerated but acknowledged as a genuine alternative. Crucially, one way of orienting oneself is to turn away. Keywords: Leitkultur, multiculturalism, constitutional patriotism, orientation, immigration 1 Introduction Established communities have ways of doing things. An influx of newcomers can be disruptive, especially if much of it occurs in a short period. New arrivals are welcome to those who connect culturally, benefit economically, value diversity or believe immigration or refuge is a proper response to humanitarian crises or oth- erwise morally called for. To others more diversity is alienating because they feel their social world no longer is for them. -
Exploring Post-Multicultural and Civic Turns in the Netherlands, Britain, Germany and Denmark
In press-American Behavioral Scientist Retracing the ‘retreat’? Exploring post-multicultural and civic turns in the Netherlands, Britain, Germany and Denmark Nasar Meer1, Per Mouritsen2, Daniel Faas3 and Nynke de Witte4 Abstract There is a widely shared view that the appeal of multiculturalism as a public policy has suffered considerable political damage. In many European states the turn to ‘civic’ measures and discourses has been deemed more suitable for the objectives of minority integration and the promotion of preferred modes of social and political unity. It is therefore said that the first decade of the new century has been characterised by a reorientation in immigrant integration policies - from liberal culturalist to the ‘return of assimilation’ (Brubaker, 2001), on route to a broader ‘retreat from multiculturalism’ (Joppke, 2004). In this article we argue that such portrayals mask a tendency that is more complicated in some cases and much less evident in others. To elaborate this we offer a detailed account of the inception and then alleged movement away from positions in favour multiculturalism in two countries that have adopted different versions of it, namely the UK and the Netherlands, and two countries that have historically rejected multiculturalism, namely Denmark and Germany. We argue that while there is undoubtedly a rhetorical separation between multiculturalism and civic integration, the latter is in some cases building on the former, and broadly needs to be understood as more than a retreat of multiculturalism. Taking seriously Banting and Kymlicka’s argument that understanding the evolution of integration requires the ‘the mind- set of an archaeologist’, we offer a policy genealogy that allows us to set the backlash against multiculturalism in context, in manner that explicates its provenance, permutations and implications. -
Debates on German Leitkultur and Multiculturalism | Istanbul Bilgi University PRIME Youth Website
04.06.2021 Debates on German Leitkultur and Multiculturalism | Istanbul Bilgi University PRIME Youth Website Debates on German Leitkultur and Multiculturalism Author: Dr. Ayse Tecmen, ERC PRIME Youth Project Post-doc Researcher, Published: Jan. 2, 2020, 9:58 a.m. European Institute, İstanbul Bilgi University Edited: March 26, 2021, 11:56 a.m. Editor’s note: This blog entry is based on the review of the literature on migration, integration, and citizenship in Germany, which is a part of the See all BLOG country-reports that will be published on https://bpy.bilgi.edu.tr/en/ . Unlike conventional blog entries, these posts aim to inform our readers of the current state of affairs in Germany, France, Belgium and the Netherlands Share while conveying how the PRIME Youth project will contribute to the extant literature. Ayhan Kaya Leitkultur is a concept, which resurfaces in the literature on migration and integration in Germany on a regular basis. Nonetheless, its denition and signicance has changed over time. The concept of ‘European Leitkultur’ (leading culture, or guiding culture) was rst constructed by political scientist Bassam Tibi in 1998. Tibi argued that Germany should reposition itself at the democratic heart of this modern and enlightened Europe by acknowledging and accepting ‘European Leitkultur’, which refers to the generation of a set of European core norms and values to be accepted and followed by every person living in Germany – indigenous or non-indigenous. Bassam Tibi “denounced multiculturalism as merely an expression of bad conscience over what happened in the colonial era. Germans are additionally plagued by the guilt of the Holocaust, which is why they have been disproportionately tolerant towards immigrants” (Pautz, 2005: 43).[i] While Tibi’s conception of Leitkultur is highly challenging for migrant communities, it still remains a signicant part of the discussions on German identity. -
Immigration and the Centre-Right
Edinburgh Research Explorer Politicising Migration: Opportunity or Liability for the Centre Right in Germany? Citation for published version: Boswell, C & Hough, D 2008, 'Politicising Migration: Opportunity or Liability for the Centre Right in Germany?', Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 331-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760701847382 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1080/13501760701847382 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Journal of European Public Policy Publisher Rights Statement: © Boswell, C., & Hough, D. (2008). Politicising Migration: Opportunity or Liability for the Centre Right in Germany?. Journal of European Public Policy, 15(3), 331-348. 10.1080/13501760701847382 General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 Politicising Migration: Opportunity or Liability for the Centre-Right in Germany? Christina Boswell (University of Edinburgh) Dan Hough (University of Sussex) Abstract (145 words) Centre-right parties have by and large been keen to mobilise support by adopting relatively restrictive approaches on immigration and multiculturalism. -
1 Multiculturalism Debates in Germany Frauke Miera European
1 Multiculturalism Debates in Germany A European Approach to Multicultural Citizenship: Legal Political and Educational Challenges EMILIE Contract no. CIT5-CT-2005-028205 D2 Report on national and European level cases Frauke Miera European University Viadrina, Frankfurt/Oder, Germany June 2007 (final version) Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 2 1 Nation, Belonging and Citizenship in Germany ..................................................................... 2 2 The debate on the book by Necla Kelek, “Die fremde Braut” (The strange/foreign bride).... 7 2.1 Kelek’s line of argument.................................................................................................. 8 2.2 The reception of the book after its publication in 2005 ................................................... 9 2.3 The debate in 2006 ......................................................................................................... 12 3 The German Reception of the Danish Cartoon Affair .......................................................... 19 3.1 Acceptance of religious taboos, the responsibility of the West, and the specific role of Germany............................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Freedom of the press and the threat of Islam ................................................................. 21 4 Conclusion............................................................................................................................ -
Understanding German-Turkish Identity in the Context of Deutschrap
University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) 5-2021 Understanding German-Turkish Identity in the Context of Deutschrap Alena Tien Vu Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the European Languages and Societies Commons, Other German Language and Literature Commons, and the Other Music Commons Recommended Citation Vu, Alena Tien, "Understanding German-Turkish Identity in the Context of Deutschrap" (2021). Honors Theses. 1698. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/1698 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNDERSTANDING GERMAN-TURKISH IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF DEUTSCHRAP © 2021 By Alena T. Vu A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion Of the Bachelor of Arts degree in International Studies Croft Institute for International Studies Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College The University of Mississippi University, Mississippi May 2021 Approved: ________________________________ Advisor: Dr. Christopher Hutchinson ________________________________ Reader: Dr. Ana Velitchkova ________________________________ Reader: Dr. Kristin Gee Hickman ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge everyone who played a role in the process of completing this thesis. First of all, my family, who supported me with love and understanding. Secondly, my mentor and readers, each of whom has provided guidance throughout the research process. Thank you all for your support. ii ABSTRACT Since its emergence in the 1980s, Deutschrap has been used by German-Turkish rap artists as a medium to reflect their views and identity. -
II. Europe and the European Identity NATIONAL AND
124 LIMES, 2008, Vol. 1, No. 2. ISSN 2029-0187 print/Issn 2029-0209 online II. EuRope AND THE EuRoPEAN IDENTITy NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN IDENTITY Ferenc L. Lendvai University of Miskolc, Institute of Philosophy, H-3515 Miskolc, Egyetemváros, Hungary E-mail: [email protected] According to a generally accepted conception, members of a nation foster their natio- nal identity through assorting their memories of the past, elaborating and preserving their symbols collectively. We have to look for the original unity forming the basis of national unity either in the cohesive force of common origin and residence, or in the self-conscious contracts of the individuals, or in both. The European Union as such does not have sovereignty; those of the Member States overrule its legislative and executive institutions. Perhaps we can speak about the European Union as a commu- nity on a cultural basis. This will raise the question of multiculturalism. Recently an interesting polemic has been developing on the concept and role of Leitkultur. In an- tiquity the Imperium Romanum, in the Middle Ages the Republica Christiana seem to have been the multicultural forerunners of the European Union. Keywords: culture, Leitkultur, nation, sovereignty, state, union. DoI: 10.3846/2029-0187.2008.1.124-130 Certain individuals can be successful in performing such a common activity only if they have experienced some kind of togetherness beforehand. People who do not belong together will not assort memories of the past together, or elaborate or preserve their symbols or traditions collectively. Typical landmarks and expressions of identity like I am Hungarian or I am Dutch, which we naturally often encounter, must have some kind of a basis for the development of identity. -
The Free State of Bavaria the End of the CSU’S Sovereign Duchy?
77 THE FREE STATE OF BAVARIA THE END OF THE CSU’S SOVEREIGN DUCHY? Kamil Frymark NUMBER 77 WARSAW APRIL 2019 THE FREE STATE OF BAVARIA THE END OF THE CSU’S SOVEREIGN DUCHY? Kamil Frymark © Copyright by Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia / Centre for Eastern Studies CONTENT EDITOR Anna Kwiatkowska-Drożdż, Wojciech Stanisławski EDITOR Katarzyna Kazimierska CO-OPERATION Małgorzata Zarębska, Anna Łabuszewska TRANslatION Magdalena Klimowicz, Jim Todd CO-OPERATION Nicholas Furnival GRapHIC DESIGN PARA-bucH PHOTOGRapH ON COVER FooTToo/Shutterstock.com DTP GroupMedia CHARTS Wojciech Mańkowski PublISHER Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia Centre for Eastern Studies ul. Koszykowa 6a, Warsaw, Poland Phone: + 48 /22/ 525 80 00 Fax: + 48 /22/ 525 80 40 osw.waw.pl ISBN 978-83-65827-35-7 Contents INTRODUCTION /5 MAIN POINTS /6 I. THE PRimacY OF MUNicH OVER BERLIN THE DUAL ROLE OF THE CSU /9 1. The value of the joint parliamentary group /10 2. Bavaria first /12 3. The CSU’s identity: back to the roots? /13 4. The political offer: tradition and modernisation, social policy and Heimat /16 II. THE CSU FOLLOWING THE 2018 ELECTION IN BAVARia /19 1. Structural changes to the Bavarian electorate /21 2. The AfD: an alternative to the CSU /23 III. THE CSU AND BAVARia’S FOREIGN POLicY /25 1. The importance of Bavaria’s foreign policy for the CSU /25 2. Main assumptions and directions of Bavaria’s foreign policy /27 IV. BAVARia’S maiN DEVELOpmENT CHALLENGES AND THE OUTLOOK /36 1. An assessment of Bavaria’s competences /37 2. Development strategies /39 3. -
France and the Netherlands: Immigration, Assimilation, and Conflict
FRANCE AND THE NETHERLANDS: IMMIGRATION, ASSIMILATION, AND CONFLICT By Heather Main A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of University of Washington In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Comparative History of Ideas May 2006 Dominic Corva Thesis Advisor 1 Observe two very different European countries: France does not officially recognize any racial differences among its citizens. It does not keep racial data, institute racial quotas or affirmative action programs, or allow for any religious or (non-French) cultural dress in schools (Calvès, 2004). In contrast, the Netherlands until recently had some of the least-restrictive citizenship requirements in the EU; The state sponsored ethnic diversity clubs and instituted policies that encouraged primary school children to speak their native Arabic, Turkish, or Berber in school. France as a country has stressed assimilation above all. One could argue that by officially ignoring cultural differences France forced assimilation of its immigrant population. On the other hand, the Netherlands has embraced the idea of multiculturalism and refused to stress assimilation, even linguistic assimilation. But curiously, the two countries have had similar problems with immigrant unrest and deepening cultural divides, and violence has erupted in both countries. It is possible in most large European cities to live in a neighborhood comprised of immigrants representing most major ethnicities. Assimilation is always a matter of degree, of course. But the larger the immigrant population gets, the more likely they are to transplant their own tradition and laws without regard for the laws and traditions of the country they move to. -
Germany: a Changing Country of Immigration
1 Germany: A Changing Country of Immigration SIMON GREEN Final post-acceptance manuscript version Please do not cite without permission Despite being one of Europe’s most significant destinations for migration, Germany has long wrestled with the notion that it may or may not be a ‘country of immigration’. Approaching this question from a positive rather than a normative perspective, this article explores how Germany is changing in this respect, by examining changes over the past two decades in terms of migration flows, the policy framework and the degree of societal and institutional adaptation to migration. It argues that Germany has become much more diverse and also notes the major policy developments that have taken place after the change of government in 1998. While the dominant theme of migration policy has moved on from prevention to integration, Germany’s impending demographic transformation poses a major new challenge, which will require governments to look once again to more active recruitment of labour migration. Introduction: Germany as a ‘Country of Immigration’ One of the most significant meta-trends of post-1945 Europe has been the way in which immigration has progressively changed nation-states across the continent. 1 Northwestern European countries such as the UK, Netherlands, Belgium and France were among the first to 2 experience this in the 1950s and 1960s, followed by Mediterranean countries such as Spain and Italy after 1990; more recently, the accession of ten central and east European countries to the European Union (EU) in 2004/7 has in turn led to countries such as Poland, Hungary and Slovakia experiencing much greater levels of immigration.