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Louisiana Speaks Pattern Book Sections: Appendix section F APPENDIX GLOSSARY OF TERMS Acadian-Creole: Descriptive term for an architec- Colonial Revival: The use of Georgian and colo- Insulating Concrete Forms (ICFs): Rigid foam tural style that blends French-Canadian, Spanish nial design in the U.S. in the late 19th and early forms that hold concrete in place during curing and Colonial, and Carribean influences in response to 20th centuries. remain in place afterwards to serve as thermal the local climate and inherited building traditions of insulation for concrete walls. The foam sections are the early settlers of the Gulf Coast. Corner Board: A board which is used as trim on lightweight and result in energy-efficient, durable the external corner of a wood-frame structure. construction. Visit www.forms.org to learn more. Accessibility: Accessibility for people with disabil- ities is defined by building standards and codes that Cornice: An ornamental molding at the meeting of Invasive Vegetation: An exotic plant adapted to apply to new construction, renovations and additions the roof and walls; usually consists of bed molding, very similar growing conditions as those found in made to existing buildings and facilities that are cov- soffit, fascia, and crown molding. the region to which it is imported. Because such a ered by non-discrimination laws. Accessibility provi- species usually has no natural enemies (pests, dis- sions in the federal Americans with Disabilities Act, Crown Molding: Projecting molding forming the eases, or grazers), it flourishes, disrupting the the Architectural Barriers Act, and the Rehabilitation top member of a cornice, door, or window frame. native ecosystem and forcing out native plant Act, apply to public buildings and facilities and to 5% species, resulting in habitat loss, water-table Dentil: One of a band of small, square, tooth-like of the dwelling units in any federally funded program. modification, and other serious problems. blocks forming part of the characteristic ornamen- The Fair Housing Act Amendments of 1988 cover tation of some classical orders. all newly constructed multi-family projects and Ionic Order: The classical order of architecture characterized by its capital with large volutes, a fas- require a much larger percentage of accessible units Doric Order: The column and entablature devel- ciated entablature, continuous frieze, usually dentils but not the same level of accessibility required by the oped by the Dorian Greeks, sturdy in proportion, in the cornice, and by its elegant detailing. other federal laws. It is important to note that no fed- with a simple cushion capital, a frieze of triglyphs eral accessibility law currently covers 1-, 2- and 3- and metopes, and mutules in the cornice. family housing units, with the exception of a very Jack Arch: A flat or straight masonry arch. small number (5%) that are built through federally Fascia: Vertical board that terminates a sloped Knee Wall: Short, vertical wall that closes off the funded programs. Contrast with “Visitability” which roof at the eave. low space created by a sloping ceiling and the floor. has fewer requirements. FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency Leaders in Energy and Environmental Apron: A raised panel below a window sill. (http://www.fema.gov) Design (LEED): LEED is a building environmen- tal certification program developed and operated Arts & Crafts: Eclectic movement of American Fenestration: Any opening, or arrangement of by the U.S. Green Building Council. domestic architecture in the arts and architecture openings, in a building (normally filled with glazing) during the second half of the 19th century and that admits daylight and any devices in the immedi- Light: A pane of glass, a window, or a subdivision early part of the 20th century, emphasizing crafts- ate proximity of the opening that affect light distri- of a window. manship in a regional expression. bution (such as baffles, louvers, draperies, over- hangs, light shelves, jambs, sills, and other light- Lintel: A horizontal structural member (such as a Balustrade: An entire railing system including a diffusing materials). beam) over an opening which carries the weight of top rail, balusters, and often a bottom rail. the wall above it. Gable: The vertical triangular portion of the end of Batten: A narrow strip of wood applied to cover a a building having a double-sloping roof, from the Louver: An assembly of sloping, overlapping joint along the edges of two parallel boards in the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. blades or slats designed to admit air and/or light same plane. and exclude rain and snow. Gable L: Describes the massing of a house Beaded-Profile Panels: Panels manufactured having a hipped roof with a projecting gable form at Low-E: Most often used in reference to a coating to resemble traditional bead board. the front, typically two-thirds the width of the facade. for high-performance windows, the ‘e’ stands for Biodiversity: The tendency in ecosystems, when emissivity or re-radiated heat flow. The thin metallic Gable Roof: A roof having a gable at one or oxide coating increases the U-value of the window undisturbed, to have a great variety of species form- both ends. ing a complex web of interactions. Human popula- by reducing heat flow from a warm(er) air space to a cold(er) glazing surface. The best location for the tion pressure and resource consumption tend to Hipped Roof: A roof which slopes upward from coating is based on whether the primary heat flow reduce biodiversity dangerously; diverse communi- all four sides of a building, requiring a hip rafter at you want to control is from the inside out (heating ties are less subject to catastrophic disruption. each corner. climates) or the outside in (cooling climates). Boxed Eave: (boxed cornice): A hollow eave Home Energy Ratings Systems (HERS) Manufactured House: A Manufactured House enclosed by the roofing, the soffit, and building wall. Rating: A HERS rating is an evaluation of the or “HUD-code” house complies with the 1976 energy efficiency of a house, compared to a com- Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Brickmold: Window or door trim, typically 2 puter-simulated reference house (of the identical Safety Standards Act. Manufactured houses are inches wide. size and shape as the rated home) that meets min- constructed on non-removable steel chassis and imum requirements of the Model Energy Code Building: The complete, outfitted, and furnished are generally placed on site in a more temporary (MEC). The HERS rating results in a score between ‘Structure,’ operational in every way, and ready for manner, anchored to the ground without permanent 0 and 100, with the reference house assigned a immediate occupancy and use. foundations. Visit www.mfghome.org to learn more. score of 80. From the 80 point level, each 1 point Classical Architecture: The architecture of increase in the HERS score results in a 5 percent Massing: The general form or shape of a building. Hellenic Greece and imperial Rome. reduction in energy usage (compared to the refer- ence house). Therefore, an ENERGY STAR quali- Classical Revival: An architecture movement in fied new house, that is required to be at least 30% the early 19th century based on the use of Roman more energy-efficient than the reference house, and Greek forms. must attain a HERS score of at least 86. 90 Modular House: Houses composed of multiple, Side Hall: Narrow residential house type that is Verge: The edge projecting over the gable of a factory-built units, or modules, that are up to 90% one room wide, associated with French settlements roof. Also, the area of planting, lawn or pavement finished when shipped from the factory to the house and the Mississippi River region. between the sidewalk and the curb on a street. site. Walls, floors, ceilings, stairs, and some interior work are built in a conditioned factory. The modules Simulated Divided Light: Refers to a light in a Vergeboard: An ornamental board hanging from are individually shipped on flat-bed trailers to the window sash that is visually subdivided by applied the rake, or verge, of a gable roof. site where they are placed by crane on permanent muntins and that simulates a true divided sash. foundations. Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing Vernacular Architecture: A mode of building are roughed-in at the factory and finished on-site. Site: The natural location intended for the based on regional forms and materials. Visit www.modularhousing.com to learn more. ‘Building,’ altered, modified, and prepared to the point where ‘Construction’ activities for the Victorian Architecture: Revival and eclectic Mullion and Muntin: The vertical and horizontal ‘Structure’ can be initiated. architecture of Great Britain named after the reign members separating (and often supporting) win- of Queen Victoria (1837–1901); also its American dow, doors, or panels set in series. Site Selection and Preparation: That com- counterpart which reached its zenith in the U.S. plete sequence or series of activities and actions during the latter half of the 19th century. Native Vegetation: A plant whose presence and that begins with the natural environment and survival in a specific region is not due to human results in some specific geographic location Visitability: Unlike the more extensive features intervention. Certain experts argue that plants defined in terms of boundaries, and altered and legally required by accessibility standards and imported to a region by prehistoric peoples should modified to the point where it has become the codes, visitability involves a short list of features be considered native. The term for plants that are building ‘Site’ ready for ‘Construction’ to begin. recommended for voluntary inclusion in virtually all imported and then adapt to survive without human new homes—single-family detached, rowhouses, cultivation is naturalized.
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