Postmodern Identities and Consumerism in the New Novel of Manners Bonnie Mclean Marquette University
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Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects A Single Man of Good Fortune: Postmodern Identities and Consumerism in the New Novel of Manners Bonnie McLean Marquette University Recommended Citation McLean, Bonnie, "A Single Man of Good Fortune: Postmodern Identities and Consumerism in the New Novel of Manners" (2015). Dissertations (2009 -). Paper 507. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/507 A SINGLE MAN OF GOOD FORTUNE: POSTMODERN IDENTITIES AND CONSUMERISM IN THE NEW NOVEL OF MANNERS By Bonnie McLean, B.A., M.A. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2015 ABSTRACT A SINGLE MAN OF GOOD FORTUNE: POSTMODERN IDENTITIES AND CONSUMERISMIN THE NEW NOVEL OF MANNERS Bonnie McLean, B.A., M.A. Marquette University, 2015 In my dissertation, I argue that the novel of manners, while sometimes considered a moribund genre, presents itself as a genre relevant to contemporary criticism of social change from consensus politics to privatization both at governmental and domestic levels. I establish both key terms, cultural and theoretical trends, and define the novel of manners in context as a historical genre and a contemporary one. I further explore the novel of manners as a commentary on social and moral problems, particularly in tensions between social morality and individual morality that emerge when manners break down, a concept originally highlighted by Henry James. I interrogate the interplay between nostalgia, manners, and national identity, highlighting the recreation of moribund social and moral values as a means of exerting authority over the family unit and generating profit out of national heritage. Finally, I highlight the means by which literary texts cast consumerism as literal and figurative pornography that transforms the citizen into a consumer. I specifically examine the breakdown of manners through scenes of pornography and material consumption that illustrate moral depravity at the individual and national levels. The seven texts selected for my study in the new novels of manners—Hanif Kureishi’s The Buddha of Suburbia (1990), Jeffery Eugenides’ The Marriage Plot (2011), Alan Hollinghurst’s The Line of Beauty (2004), Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day (1989), Ian McEwan’s The Child in Time (1987), Martin Amis’s Money (1984), and Bret Easton Ellis’s American Psycho (1991)—engage with neoliberalism and its social effects on individuals. Because citizens were redefined as consumers during the 1980s in both the United States and Britain, I contend that the novelists and novels in my study formulate a critique of social amorality in the same way Henry James’s literary criticism established in the novel of manners’ early study: in viewing the domestic as a politicized space, we can better understand the tensions between social morality and individual morality when the manners of a society break down in public or private spaces. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bonnie McLean, B.A., M.A. “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.” When I first read the opening lines of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (1813) as a middle-school student, I had no idea that my adolescent passion for Jane Austen would lead me, almost 18 years later, to a doctoral degree and a commitment to academic research and education. Many others besides Ms. Austen have helped me in this academic quest, and I am deeply indebted to all of them. First thanks go to John J. Su, my dissertation director, whose tireless feedback and critical guidance have been vital in shaping this project from its inception as a seminar paper in his ENGL 6500 course to its current form. I am deeply grateful for his help and encouragement in shaping my argument and contributing to my field. My committee has also provided feedback, questions, and encouragement, which have propelled this project towards the finish. Sarah Wadsworth is a careful, concise reader, and her excitement about being involved in my research has been a boon from beginning to end. Gerry Canavan’s engagement as a reader, as well as his efficiency and enthusiasm, has also provided insight into focusing my argument. I would like to thank my wonderful colleagues from Marquette University for their support during my doctoral program. John Curran and Heather Hathaway have both provided encouragement and guidance during their respective tenures as Director of Graduate Studies. Angela Sorby has been instrumental in my professional development, as well. Dear friends and colleagues have also made this work seem lighter: Sareene Proodian, Katy Leedy, Tyler Monson, Bridget Kapler, Megan Swanson, Kathleen Burt, and Katie Sterr have been there during the good, the bad, the ugly, and to them I am deeply indebted. Special thanks go to my dissertation partner, Carolyne Hurlburt, whose wisdom, realism, and insight have given me impetus to finish this project. My Milwaukee “family” has also been instrumental in sheltering me during coursework and beyond. Marianne Kordas and Clara Meyer (neé Logan) opened their home to me during my years of coursework, enabling me to focus on my studies. The hospitality and love of my beloved Paulsen-Burris family—Jodari, Tommi, Alexander, and Aviana—has been a blessing and joy. I am also deeply indebted to the faculty and friends at Andrews University and Western Michigan University, where I received my bachelor’s and master’s degrees. You are all too many to name, which makes me one rich woman. But special thanks to Monique Pittman, Beverly Matiko, Doug Jones, and Meredith Jones Gray at Andrews University, and to Gwen Tarbox, Chris Nagle, Jonathan Bush, and Todd Kuchta at Western Michigan University, for their support of my postgraduate work. To the late Drs. Gary Land and Barbara Reid I owe a debt that I can never repay. Beyond academic encouragement, I have been incredibly lucky to find dear friends who have encouraged and fed me throughout this doctoral journey. My pastor, Jenniffer Ogden, and my church young adult group leader, Liz Marrero, have been instrumental in their mental and spiritual support, along with the dear friends in my ii young adult group. Cheers to the funny and insightful women and men in my book club, who have helped me rediscover my love of reading throughout this process. Special thanks to Shellie Kuebler and Fawn Scherencel for helping me prepare for my Doctoral Qualifying Exam. I thank my family for their love and encouragement. My brother Tim and sister Sara have cheered me on with funny videos, text messages, and hugs. My in-laws, Randy and Carolyn Ferguson, have graciously supported and loved my efforts, including a writing spree during Christmas Eve 2014. My parents, Joe and Molly McLean, have shown their support for my education and academic ambitions in ways I can only begin to note. Their endless love and cheer, as well as providing books and music, has made even the darkest days seem bright. My dad was especially influential in helping me consider a PhD when I was just a naïve freshman in college. My sister, Erin McLean, has been instrumental throughout this entire process. She has listened to my ideas and responded with questions of her own, making her the “right hand” of this dissertation. Her contributions to my thinking on my fourth chapter are especially invaluable. I hope her book club forgives her someday for having them read Money. This dissertation is dedicated to my husband and “left hand,” Justin Ferguson. He has lived with this project and sustained my dream of receiving a doctoral degree. He has cheerfully abandoned many a dissipated Saturday night so that I could write, and he has fed me with jokes, gossip, music, and many a baked good. There are no words that can contain the extent to which his sacrifices and unselfishness have fueled this dissertation and this degree. Like Frodo Baggins, I can only say, “I am glad you are here with me. Here at the end of all things...” Finally, I send eternal thanks to my Lord and Savior, through whom all things are possible. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………………………i CHAPTER I. WHAT HAPPENED TO SILAS LAPHAM? : DEFINING AND DEFENDING THE NOVEL OF MANNERS IN PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE…………..1 II. A JAMESIAN RELUCTANCE: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DOMESTIC MANNERS IN THE PORTRAIT OF A LADY AND TWO CONTEMPORARY TRANSFORMATIONS…………………………………..49 III. “A REPOSITORY OF COLLECTIVE FANTASY”: NOSTALGIC MANNERS IN KAZUO ISHIGURO’S THE REMAINS OF THE DAY AND IAN MCEWAN’S THE CHILD IN TIME……………………………….123 IV. ‘I AM ADDICTED TO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY’: MANNERS, MORALS AND THE PORNOGRAPHIC DOMESTIC IN MARTIN AMIS’S MONEY AND BRET EASTON ELLIS’S AMERICAN PSYCHO………………………………………………..203 V. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………….268 1 Chapter 1: What happened to Silas Lapham? : Defining and Defending the Novel of Manners in Past, Present, and Future My study of the new novel of manners began when I compared usage of the literary genre “comedy of manners” in the back cover copy of two late twentieth-century British novels. The back cover blurb for Hanif Kureishi’s The Buddha of Suburbia (1991) asserts that the novel is a “high-spirited comedy of sexual manners and social turmoil.” A similar phrase, excerpted from Anthony Quinn’s review in The New York Times Sunday Book Review appears on the back cover of Alan Hollinghurst’s The Line of Beauty (2004): “Although it gathers ominously in mood, “The Line of Beauty” [sic] feels more blissful than baleful in its anatomy of the era because it is, among other things, a magnificent comedy of manners” (par.