Book Recommendations F&P LEVELS ABCD

Book Recommendations Book Recommendations Book Recommendations Book Recommendations F&P LEVELS F&P LEVELS F&P LEVELS F&P LEVELS A-B-C-D E-F-G H-I J K-1st 1st 1st 2nd

Level A Level E Level H Level J

Count & See / Hoban Bear Play / Ford Building a House / Barton A Color of his Own / Lionni Do You Want to Be My Friend / Carle Clifford's Puppy Days / Bridwell Bunny Cakes / Wells About Amphibians (series) / Sill Good Morning, Good Night / Grejniec Hats, Hats, Hats / Morris Fox in Socks / Seuss Arthur Babysits / Brown Growing Colors / McMillan Herman the Helper / Kraus Goodnight Moon / Brown Ask Mr. Bear / Flack One Hunter / Hutchins More or Less Fish Story / Wylie Hi! Fly Guy / Arnold Bear Shadow / Asch Sunshine / Ormerod Oh, A Hunting We Will Go / Langstaff Just Me and My Dad / Mayer Moonbear's Bargain / Asch Quick as a Cricket / Wood Little Mouse, the Red Ripe Strawberry... / Wood B-e-s-t Friends / Giff Spring is Here / Gomi Oliver / Hoff Level B Cam Jensen series / Adler This Old Man / Adams Picture for Harold's Room / Johnson Cat in the Hat / Seuss Should I Share My Ice Cream? Willems Clifford the Big Red Dog / Bridwell Have you Seen My Cat / Carle Level F Sleepy Book / Zolotow Cork & Fuzz (series) / Chaconas Have You Seen My Duckling / Tafuri What is a … (animal) series / Schaefer Whose The Cow Who Clucked / Fleming I Like Stars / Brown Apples & Pumpkins / Rockwell Mouse Are You? / Kraus Curious George / Rey Let’s Go Visiting / Williams Bread, Bread, Bread / Morris You'll Soon Grow into Them Titch / Hutchins The Doorbell Rang / Hutchins Clifford's Thanksgiving Visit / Bridwell Fancy Nancy (series) / O’Connor Level C Curious George / Rey Level I The Firecat / Averill Growing Vegetable Soup / Ehlert Fox on the Job (series) / Marshall Baby Says / Steptoe Harry Takes a Bath / Ziefert About Birds (series) / Sill Funnybones / Ahlberg Big Pig & Little Pig / McPhail Just Like Daddy / Asch Airport / Barton Good Morning Chick / Ginsburg Brown Bear Brown Bear / Martin Lady with the Alligator Purse / Westcott Are You My Mother? Eastman Green Eggs and Ham / Seuss Flying / Crews Mother, Mother I Want Another / Polushkin Dragon series / Pilkey Happy Birthday, Martin Luther King / Marzollo I Went Walking / Williams Nobody Asked Me If I Wanted a Baby Brother / Fix-It / McPhail Henry and Mudge series / Rylant Mice Squeak, We Speak / Shapiro Alexander Fly Guy / Arnold Hop on Pop / Seuss Now We Can Go / Jonas One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish / Seuss Goodnight, Owl! / Hutchins The Horse in Harry's Room / Hoff Jump Frog, Jump / Kalan Biscuit series / Rylant Hattie and the Fox / Fox How Kittens Grow / Selsam Blue Sea / Kalan Shortcut / Crews Henny Penny / Galdone I Can Read with My Eyes Shut / Seuss A Rainbow of My Own / Freeman Soccer Game / Maccarone Jim's Dog Muffins / Cohen I Was So Mad / Mayer Spots, Feathers, and Curly Tails / Tafuri The Teeny Tiny Woman / O'Connor Leo the Late Bloomer / Kraus In a Dark, Dark Room & Scary Stories / Schwartz Yo! Yes? / Raschka Who Will Be My Friends? / Hoff Liar, Liar Pants on Fire / Cohen Jimmy Lee Did It / Cummings Mama, Do You Love Me? / Joosse Let's Be Enemies / Udry Level D Level G Messy Bessey / Rookie Readers Little Bear / Minarik Mirror, Mirror / Fowler The Littles series / Peterson Alphabet Under Construction / Fleming Are You Ready to Play Outside? Willems Never Spit on Your Shoes / Cazet Little Blue and Little Yellow / Lionni Bears, Bears, Everywhere / Milios Can I Play Too? / Willems Noisy Nora / Wells Little Gorilla / Bornstein Bears in the Night / Berenstain Curious George at the Beach / Rey A Pill Bug’s Life (series) / Himmelman The Little Red Hen / Galdone Big Brown Bear / McPhail Each Peach Pear Plum / Ahlberg The Quilt / Jonas Milk and Cookies / Asch Chick & the Duckling / Ginsburg Feathers for Lunch / Ehlert Small Pig / Lobel The Missing Tooth / Cole Click Clack Quackity-Quack / Cronin I Like Me / Carlson Spot's Birthday Party / Hill Morris Goes to School / Wiseman Feathers for Lunch / Ehlert I Love My New Toy! / Willems There’s a Nightmare in My Closet / Mayer Mouse Soup & Mouse Tales / Lobel Fire Truck / Sis Jason's Bus Ride / Ziefert Three Billy Goats Gruff / Brown Mr. Putter and Tabby series / Rylant Hide & Snake / Baker Jump, Frog, Jump / Kalan The Three Little Pigs / Ziefert Otto the Cat / Herman How Many Bugs in a Box / Carter Mittens / Schaefer Tidy Titch / Hutchins Owl at Home / Lobel I Like Books / Browne One Monday Morning / Shulevitz The Trek / Jonas Peace at Last / Murphy I’m Not Scared / Wilhelm Polar Bear, Polar Bear, What Do You See / Martin Trucks / Gibbons Peter's Chair / Keats Little Bear / Namm Sheep in a Jeep / Shaw Trucks / Rockwell Poppleton series / Rylant Max’s Birthday / Wells Spot's First Walk / Hill The Very Busy Spider / Carle SkyFire / Asch Mole in a Hole / Gilman There Was an Old Lady Who Swallowed / Adams We're Going on a Bear Hunt / Rosen There's Something in My Attic / Mayer Quack & Count / Baker Titch / Hutchins We're in Big Trouble, Blackboard Bear / Too Much Noise / McGovern Sam’s Cookie / Lindgren When You Were a Baby / Jonas Alexander Uncle Elephant / Lobel School Bus / Crews Yes We Can! / Obama The Very Hungry Caterpillar / Carle Tomorrow’s Alphabet / Shannon Where the Wild Things Are / Sendak More books for grades 1 & 2 MOST IMPORTANT: Find other books for beginning readers @ http://tiny.cc/uPnG9 Your child enjoys the books you read together! Funny fiction for kids http://bit.ly/M6qkSS http://tiny.cc/xTmAm Book Recommendations Book Recommendations Book Recommendations Book Recommendations F&P LEVELS F&P LEVELS F&P LEVELS F&P LEVELS K L M-N-O-P N-O-P continued 2nd 2nd 3rd 3rd

Level K Level L Level M Level N

A Letter to Amy / Keats Amazing Snakes / Eyewitness Afternoon on the Amazon A-Z Mystery series / Roy Bear Goes to Town / Browne Amelia Bedelia series / Parish (Magic Tree House series) / Osborne Amber Brown series / Danziger Bear's Toothache / McPhail Animal Tracks / Dorros The Art Lesson / De Paola Be a perfect person in just three days! / Manes Bedtime for Frances / Hoban Annie and the Old One / Miles Aunt Flossie's Hats / Howard Buffalo woman / Goble Baseball Pals / Christopher Catwings series / LeGuin Bony-Legs / Cole Arthur Meets the President / Brown The Bremen Town Musicians / Gross & Kent Bathwater Gang / Spinelli The Chalk Box Kid / Bulla Buffalo Bill and the Pony Express / Coerr Beans on the Roof / Byars Blueberries for Sal / McCloskey Chicken Sunday / Polacco Caps for Sale / Slobodkina Cam Jensen / Adler Chicken Sunday / Polacco Drive-by / Ewing The Case of the Double Cross / Bonsally Chang's Paper Pony / Coerr Chinese Mirror / Ginsburg Gung hay fat choy = Happy New Year / Behrens Chester / Hoff Dolphins! / Bokoske Dirt Bike Racer / Christopher Fables / Lobel Chicka Chicka Boom Boom / Martin George and Martha / Marshall Dr. De Soto / Steig The Giving Tree / Silverstein Chicken Soup w/ Rice / Sendak Grasshopper on the Road / Lobel The Empty Pot / Demi Lion Dancer / Waters Clara and the Bookwagon, Levinson Great White Man-Eating Shark / Many Fables / Lobel The Magic Finger / Dahl Fossils Tell of Long Ago / Aliki Martin’s Big Words / Rappaport Clifford, the Big Red Dog / Bridwell Gregory, the Terrible Eater / Sharmat Commander Toad / Yolen The Fox Went Out on a Chilly Night / Spier 26 Fairmont Avenue / DePaola Curious George / Rey The Grouchy Ladybug / Carle Harold's Circus / Johnson Pompeii: Buried alive / Kunhardt Diary of a Worm / Cronin Happy Birthday, Moon / Asch Hattie Rabbit / Gackenbach Ruby Lu / Look Dino-baseball / Wheeler Happy Hippopotami / Martin Heckedy Peg / Wood Silver / Whelan The Doorbell Rang / Hutchins Harry Goes to Day Camp / Ziefert The Hit-Away Kid / Christopher Smiffy Blue: Ace Crime Detective / Myers Farmer Duck / Waddell Hill of Fire / Lewis How Much is a Million? Schwartz Why did the Underwear Cross the Road / Korman Flash, Crash, Rumble / Branley Horrible Harry / Lee The Hundred Penny Box / Mathis Frog and Toad series / Lobel I Know a Lady / Zolotow If the Dinosaurs Came Back / Most Level O Ira Sleeps Over / Waber Geraldine's Blanket / Keller Judy Moody series / McDonald If You Give a Mouse a Cookie / Numeroff Island Baby / Keller Katy and the Big Snow / Burton Babysitters Club series / Martin Is Your Mama a Llama? / Guarino Junie B. Jones series / Park The Black Snowman / Mendez A Long Way to a New Land / Sandin It's Halloween / Prelutsky The Little Engine That Could / Piper Boxcar Children series / Warner Jafta--The Town / Lewin Madeline / Bemelmans The Little House / Burton Clementine / Pennypacker Jamaica's Find / Havill Make Way for Ducklings / McCloskey The Littles series / Peterson Bill Gates: Helping people use computers / Simon Knuffle Bunny / Willems Miss Nelson is Missing / Allard Man Out at First / Christopher Bunnicula series / Howe Lionel series / Krensky Mitchell is Moving / Sharmat Marvin Redpost series / Sachar Fantastic Mr. Fox / Dahl Madeline / Bemelmans The Mitten / Tresselt Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel / Burton George’s Marvelous Medicine / Dahl The Mitten / Brett May I Bring a Friend? / DeRegniers Mop Top / Freeman Jake Drake series / Clements Mercy Watson series / DiCamillo My Father's Dragon series / Gannett Mr. Gumpy's Outing / Burningham Rain Forest Secrets / Dorros More Tales of Oliver Pig / Van Leeuwen Night Tree / Bunting Secrets of Droon series / Abbott The Mud Pony / Cohen Nate the Great series / Sharmat A Picture Book of (famous people) series / Adler Stone fox / Gardiner No Fighting, No Biting! / Minarik Mystery of the Tooth Gremlin / Graves A Promise is a Promise / Munsch The Story of Ruby Bridges / Coles Sleeping Ugly / Yolen The Old Woman and Her Pig / Kimmel No Jumping on the Bed! / Arnold On Mother's Lap / Scott The Story of Ferdinand / Leaf One Fine Day / Hogrogian Level P Orca Song / Armour The Sun, Wind, and the Rain / Peters Over the Green Hills / Isadora Owl Babies / Waddell Pee Wee Scouts series / Delton Tallyho, Pinkerton! / Kellogg There's No Such Thing as a Dragon / Kent Adventures of Captain Underpants series / Pilkey Oxcart Man / Hall Perfect the Pig / Jeschke A Pocket for Corduroy / Freeman Tops & Bottoms / Stevens Bad Kitty series / Bruel Sand Cake / Asch Pinky & Rex series / Howe Vampires Don’t Wear Polka Dots / Dadey Battle for the Castle / Winthrop Brainstorm! 20 stories of 20 American kid Sheila Rae, the Brave / Henkes Polk Street Kids / Giff The Village of Round and Square Houses / Stone Soup / Brown Ricky Ricotta series / Pilkey Grifalconi inventors / Tucker The Surprise Party / Hutchins Seven Blind Mice / Young The Wednesday Surprise / Bunting, Eve Dragon prince: A Chinese Beauty & the Beast tale / Yep Teacher From the Black Lagoon / Thaler Stink series / McDonald When I Was Young in the Mountains / Rylant Three Bears / Galdone William's Doll / Zolotow Stone Fox / Gardiner Sylvester and the Magic Pebble / Steig Tar Beach / Ringgold Three Up a Tree / Marshall The Tale of Peter Rabbit / Potter Wise Woman and Her Secret / Merriam Write Up a Storm with the Polk Street School / Time Warp Trio series / Scieszka Zelda & Ivy / Kvasnosky Three Little Pigs / Galdone Giff Wayside school series / Sachar There’s nothing more powerful than matching a You Read to Me & I’ll Read to You / Hoberman Yang the Youngest & his Terrible Ear / Namioka

reader and an author! Egawa (updated 2012) SPS Level T Book Recommendations Book Recommendations Reading Recommendations

F&P Levels F&P Levels F&P Levels Sounder / Armstrong Q R S-T Dear America series / various 4th 4th 4th-5th It's not the end of the world / Blume ------Then Again, Maybe I Won’t / Blume Level Q Level R continued Level S Cracker Jackson /Byars Notes from a liar and her dog / Choldenko

A week in the woods / Clements If you lived… traveled… series (Scholastic) Fire Within / D’Lacey A day in the Life of … (history) / Branse What Jamie saw / Coman How Tia Lola came to visit stay / Alvarez Charlie and the Chocolate Factory / Dahl How Many Days to America? : A How I, Nicky Flynn, finally get a life (and a All about … (wildlife) / Arnosky Witches / Dahl Thanksgiving Story / Bunting dog) / Corriveau Exploring the Titanic / Ballard Because of Winn-Dixie / DiCamillo Sahara Special / Codell Quake! A novel / Cottonwood The case of mistaken identity / Barnett Copper Sun / Draper My Teacher series / Coville Love that dog / Creech Ace Lacewing, bug detective / Biedrzycki Phoebe the Spy / Griffin Matilda / Dahl Bud, not Buddy / Curtis Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing / Blume Our Only May Amelia / Holm The Twits / Dahl Boy: Tales of childhood / Dahl The Big Wave / Buck Snakehead: Alex Rider Adventure / Horowitz 14 Cows for America / Deedy Tiger Rising / Draper Catch that pass / Christopher Nighty-Nightmare / Howe Out of My Mind / Draper Sees behind trees / Dorris Dear Mr. Henshaw/Cleary Top of the World: Climbing Mount Everest / Lily’s Crossing / Giff The broken blade / Durbin Aliens Ate my Homework / Coville Jenkins Ida B. / Hannigan The birchbark house / Erdrich James and the Giant Peach / Dahl Abduction! / Kehret A Night Without Stars / Howe The Ch’i-lin purse: A collection of ancient BMX bikes / Deady Babe Ruth, athlete of the century / Knudson Emily Windsnap series / Kessler Spiderwick Chronicles / DiTerlizzi Kidnapped series / Korman From the Mixed-Up files of Mrs. Basil E. Chinese stories / Fang Ghosthunters series / Funke Harry Houdini: Master of Magic / Kraske Frankweiler / Konigsburg Brendan Buckley’s universe & everything in it Nelson Mandela / Holland Sarah, Plain & Tall / McLachlan Lewis & Clark / Kroll / Frazier Bunnicula series /Howe The Dark-Thirty: Southern Tales of the Facing West: A Story of the Oregon Trail / Chief Seattle / Freed Great Black Heroes: Five Brilliant Scientists Supernatural / McKissack Kudlinski Ink trilogy / Funk / Jones Lockdown / Myers Hey world, here I am! / Little Joey Pigza series / Gantos Amulet series / Kibuishi Slam / Myers The Doll People / Martin Julie of the Wolves (trilogy) / George Dragonquest series / Koller Shiloh / Naylor Journey to Jo’burg: A South African Story / Million Dollar Strike / Gutman Island trilogy / Korman The Island / Paulsen Naidoo Princess Academy series / Hale Witch Hunt: It happened in Salem Village / Hatchet series / Paulsen Boys Start the War and the Girls Get Even Cousins / Hamilton Krensky Big Nate series / Peirce / Naylor Jericho: a novel / Hickman Alvin Ho series / Look Life As We Knew It / Pfeffer Ancient Greece / Nicholson It's our world, too! Young people who are Anastasia series / Lowry Satchel Paige / Ransome Borrowers / Norton making a difference / Hoose Kayaking / Lund Sea of Monsters / Riordan Boys only: How to survive anything / Oliver Diary of a wimpy kid series / Kinney Rock Climbing / Lund Freaky Friday / Rodgers Girls only: How to survive anything / Oliver Chronicles of Narnia series / Lewis Dragon slayers’ academy / McMullen Boy who Lost his Face / Sachar All Alone in the Universe / Perkins Where the Mountain Meets the Moon / Lin Amazing spiders / Parsons Vampire Kisses Series / Schreiber Bats: The Amazing Upside-downers / Perry Charlie Bone series / Nimmo The Dumb Bunnies / Pilkey Peak / Smith Jackie Robinson and the Breaking of the Bridge to Terabithia / Paterson True Story of the 3 Little Pigs / Scieszka The Library Card / Spinelli Color Barrier / Shorto Tracker / Paulsen Cesar Chavez / Shea Song of the Trees / Taylor The Van Gogh Café / Rylant Lizard music / Pinkwater I survived … series / Tarshis A Jar of Dreams / Uchida Abraham Lincoln / Schott Storm Runners series / Smith Freedom’s Wings: Corey’s Diary / Wyeth Charlotte’s Web / White Benjamin Franklin / Sherrow The sign of the beaver / Speare Earthquake! : San Francisco, 1906 / Wilson Blister / Shreve Ballad of the Civil War / Stolz Level R Summer School! What Genius Thought That Finding Buck McHenry / Slote On Board the Titanic / Tanaka

Up? / Winkler Taking Sides / Soto Surviving the Applewhites / Tolan Who was … (famous person) / various Zippity Zinger / Winkler Mr. President: Bk of US Presidents /Sullivan The Girl Who Chased Away Sorrow: The Otherwise known as Sheila the Great / Blume Locomotion / Woodson The Friendship & The Gold Cadillac / Taylor Diary of Sarah Nita, a Navajo Girl / Turner Smack / Burgess Later, Gator / Yep Hiroshima / Yep The Best Bad Thing / Uchida Frindle / Clements Lon Po Po: A Red Riding Hood Story from Sammy Keyes series / VanDraanen Sadako & the Thousand Paper Cranes / Coerr China / Young Magic Shop series / Coville Egawa (updated 2012, Chambers) SPS Reading Recommendations Reading Recommendations Book Recommendations Level X The Shakespeare Stealer / Blackwood F&P Levels F&P Levels F&P Levels Al Capone Does My Shirts / Choldenko U-V V W-X-Y-Z Artimis Fowl series / Colfer 5th 5th 6th-8th Dark is Rising series / Cooper ------Children of the River / Crew Level U Level V continued Level W Matilda Bone / Cushman Echohawk / Durrant 39 Clues series / various authors Absolutely Normal Chaos / Creech Colibrí / Cameron The Graveyard Book / Gaiman Poison Apple series / various authors Pleasing the Ghost / Creech The House on Mango Street / Cisneros Clique series / Harrison (YA) Keeper / Appelt Pictures of Hollis Woods / Giff Supernaturalist / Colfer Ghost Canoe / Hobbs Dreadful acts / Ardagh Dragon Rider series / Funke Year of Impossible Goodbyes / Choi Alex Rider series / Horowitz Squashed / Bauer Inkheart series / Funke Who is Carrie? (trilogy) / Collier You Don't Know Me / Klass Wizard of Oz / Baum The Thief Lord / Funke Say Yes / Couloumbis Pendragon series / MacHale Tangerine / Bloor Pictures of Hollis Woods / Giff Heartbeat / Creech Ties that Bind, Ties that Break / Namioka If you’re reading this, it’s too late / Bosch Clay Marble / Ho City of Ember / DuPrau Overdrive / Walters Princess diaries series / Cabot The Maze / Hobbs Parvana's Journey / Ellis Homeless bird / Whelan Crazy lady! / Conly A Wrinkle in Time / L’Engle Drive-By / Ewing The Boggart / Cooper Guardians of Ga’Hoole series / Lasky The Skin I'm In / Flake Level Y Watsons go to Birmingham—1963 / Curtis Indian captive: Story of Mary Jemison / Begging for Change / Flake Ender's Game series / Card P.S. longer letter later / Danziger Lenski Coraline / Gaiman Artemis Fowl series / Colfer The magician’s elephant / DiCamillo Heat / Lupica Dead Girls Don't Write Letters / Giles All-American girl / Cabot The miraculous journey of Edward Tulane / Million-Dollar Throw / Lupica Sister / Greenfield Rodzina / Cushman DiCamillo Dragonsong / McCaffrey Running Out of Time / Haddix Jacob's Rescue: A Holocaust story / Drucker Julie of the wolves series / George Dogsong / Paulsen Hoot / Hiaasen Ear, the Eye, & the Arm / Farmer Warriors series / Hunter Harris and Me: A Summer Remembered / Phantom Tollbooth / Juster Dead End in Norvelt / Gantos Heaven / Johnson Paulsen The Moorchild / McGraw Anthony Burns: The Defeat & Triumph of a Small steps: the year I got polio / Kehret A Long Way from Chicago / Peck Sarny: A Life Remembered / Paulsen Fugitive Slave / Hamilton Ichiro Suzuki / Leigh The Teacher’s Funeral: A Comedy in Three Hero of Lesser Causes / Johnston When Zachary Beaver came to town / Holt Ella enchanted / Levine Parts / Peck The League series / Kenyon (YA) Seven Strange & Ghostly Tales / Jacques Journey to America / Levitin Circle of Magic series / Pierce After the War / Matas Call of the Wild & White Fang / London Jeremy Fink and the meaning of life / Mass Esperanza Rising / Ryan Handbook for Boys: A Novel / Myers Inheritance series / Paolini Alice series / Naylor Holes / Sachar Slam / Myers Leviathan Trilogy / Westerfield A single shard / Park Cirque du Freak series / Shan (YA) Seventh Tower series / Nix Elsewhere / Zevin Winter Room / Paulsen Twelve Rounds to Glory: The Story of Land of Promise series / Nixon The Boy who Saved Baseball / Ritter Mohammed Ali / Smith The Higher Power of Lucky / Patron Level Z The gypsy game / Snyder Crash / Spinelli The Last Book in the Universe / Philbrick Speak / Anderson Baseball in April and other stories / Soto Maniac McGee / Spinelli After the Dancing Days / Rostkowski Fever, 1793 / Anderson Flipped / Van Draanen Stargirl / Spinelli Harry Potter series / Rowling Princess Diaries series / Cabot Moon Over Manifest / Vanderpool A Series of Unfortunate Events Series / Forest of Hands and Feet / Ryan (YA) Hunger Games series / Collins (YA) Red dog / Wallace Snicket Lemony Snicket: Unauthorized Autobiography King of shadows / Cooper The Cay / Taylor / Snicket Romiette and Julio / Draper Level V Journey Home / Uchida Local news: a collection of stories / Soto Among the Hidden series / Haddix Falcondance series / Atwater Moses: When Harriet Tubman Led Her Accidental love / Soto Watcher / Howe Wolfcry / Atwater People to Freedom / Weatherford Maniac Magee / Spinelli Titanic: Voices of the Disaster / Hopkinson Fighting ground / Avi Cruise Control / Trueman Alex Rider series/ Horowitz Chronicles of Vladimir Tod / Brewer (YA) Search for additional SPS titles at Adam of the Road / Vining Son of the Mob / Korman City of Gold & Lead / Christopher http://bit.ly/LbUYXE (select school) Red Cap / Wisler I Am Number Four / Lore Gregor the Overlander series/ Collins The Power of Six / Lore Enter “level V” (etc.) click subject Dragon Cauldron / Yep City of Gold & Lead / Christopher Dark Materials series / Dragons Gate / Yep Pullman Gregor the Overlander series/ Collins Divergent and Insurgent / Roth (YA) Egawa (updated 2012, Chambers) SPS