NBA's Virtual Virtuosos Holding Court
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Volume 11, Number 2 Spring 2020 Contents ARTICLES Reexploring the Esports Approach of America’s Three Major Leagues Peter A. Carfagna.................................................. 115 The NCAA’s Agent Certification Program: A Critical and Legal Analysis Marc Edelman & Richard Karcher ..................................... 155 Well-Intentioned but Counterproductive: An Analysis of the NFLPA’s Financial Advisor Registration Program Ross N. Evans ..................................................... 183 A Win Win: College Athletes Get Paid for Their Names, Images, and Likenesses, and Colleges Maintain the Primacy of Academics Jayma Meyer and Andrew Zimbalist ................................... 247 Harvard Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law Student Journals Office, Harvard Law School 1585 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 3039 Cambridge, MA 02138 (617) 495-3146; [email protected] www.harvardjsel.com U.S. ISSN 2153-1323 The Harvard Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law is published semiannually by Harvard Law School students. Submissions: The Harvard Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law welcomes articles from professors, practitioners, and students of the sports and entertainment industries, as well as other related disciplines. Submissions should not exceed 25,000 words, including footnotes. All manuscripts should be submitted in English with both text and footnotes typed and double-spaced. Footnotes must conform with The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (20th ed.), and authors should be prepared to supply any cited sources upon request. All manu- scripts submitted become the property of the JSEL and will not be returned to the author. The JSEL strongly prefers electronic submissions through the ExpressO online submission system at http://www.law.bepress.com/expresso or the Scholastica online submission system at https://harvard-journal-sports-ent-law.scholasticahq.com. -
Nba 2K League Announces Partnership with Champion Athleticwear Ahead of March 5 Draft
NBA 2K LEAGUE ANNOUNCES PARTNERSHIP WITH CHAMPION ATHLETICWEAR AHEAD OF MARCH 5 DRAFT – Champion Athleticwear Becomes Official Outfitter of NBA 2K League – – 2019 NBA 2K League Draft Set for March 5 at Barclays Center – NEW YORK, Feb. 12, 2019 – Ahead of the 2019 NBA 2K League Draft, which will be held Tuesday, March 5 at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, N.Y., the NBA 2K League announced today a multiyear partnership with Champion Athleticwear to serve as the league’s official outfitter. Champion will provide the NBA 2K League’s 21 teams with game uniforms as well as warmup, travel and practice apparel. In-game avatars will also be outfitted in Champion-branded uniforms. Throughout the season, Champion will provide apparel for marquee events like the NBA 2K League Draft Clash, in-season tournaments and the NBA 2K League Finals. Starting today, fans can purchase NBA 2K League merchandise on Champion.com. “We are thrilled to have an iconic brand like Champion as our official outfitter,” said NBA 2K League Managing Director Brendan Donohue. “Champion’s authentic designs and innovative products make them a great partner for the league, and we can’t wait to see our teams compete in their new uniforms this season.” “The need for esports apparel is quickly evolving and Champion is pleased to be an integral part of this historical opportunity,” said Champion Group President-Global Activewear Jon Ram. “Being the official outfitters for the NBA 2K League is an exciting and pivotal opportunity for Champion to continue our evolution and expansion to outfit teams within the esports and traditional sports communities. -
Sports & Esports the Competitive Dream Team
SPORTS & ESPORTS THE COMPETITIVE DREAM TEAM JULIANA KORANTENG Editor-in-Chief/Founder MediaTainment Finance (UK) SPORTS & ESPORTS: THE COMPETITIVE DREAM TEAM 1.THE CROSSOVER: WHAT TRADITIONAL SPORTS CAN BRING TO ESPORTS Professional football, soccer, baseball and motor racing have endless decades worth of experience in professionalising, commercialising and monetising sporting activities. In fact, professional-services powerhouse KPMG estimates that the business of traditional sports, including commercial and amateur events, related media as well as education, academic, grassroots and other ancillary activities, is a US$700bn international juggernaut. Furthermore, the potential crossover with esports makes sense. A host of popular video games have traditional sports for themes. Soccer-centric games include EA’s FIFA series and Konami’s Pro Evolution Soccer. NBA 2K, a series of basketball simulation games published by a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive, influenced the formation of the groundbreaking NBA 2K League in professional esports. EA is also behind the Madden NFL series plus the NHL, NBA, FIFA and UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship) games franchises. Motor racing has influenced the narratives in Rockstar Games’ Grand Theft Auto, Gran Turismo from Sony Interactive Entertainment, while Psyonix’s Rocket League melds soccer and motor racing. SPORTS & ESPORTS THE COMPETITIVE DREAM TEAM SPORTS & ESPORTS: THE COMPETITIVE DREAM TEAM In some ways, it isn’t too much of a stretch to see why traditional sports should appeal to the competitive streaks in gamers. Not all those games, several of which are enjoyed by solitary players, might necessarily translate well into the head-to-head combat formats associated with esports and its millions of live-venue and online spectators. -
Implementation of an Esports Program in Your School
Implementation of an Esports Program in Your School WORKSHOP 37, TUESDAY DECEMBER 17, 2019 JULIAN TACKETT, CAA - COMMISSIONER, KENTUCKY HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION RYAN BRINGHURST, CAA - ATHLETIC DIRECTOR, LOUISVILLE CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL The Overall Why? Like most, supply and demand. Students demanded, we needed supply PlayVS offered opportunity to states through network New Offering, No perceived conflicts with others offerings The Overall Why? Some said we don’t need anything else on our plate, but overwhelming thought- We have NEVER needed participation more for kids Initial season - 9 state association (AL, AR, CT, GA, KY, MA, NM, MS, RI along with GISA (GA Independent and TCSAAL (Texas Charter School) January, 2018 NFHS Network signs deal with PlayVS, a startup company from Los Angeles The Overall How? PlayVS offered “allegedly” turnkey solution, managing signups, matches and scheduling Results and Standings Issues Company Issues (same for any third party) The Overall How? Lots of company resources on limiting cheating (no, that doesn’t happen in sports) Don’t worry about semantics (break down barriers like the word sports!) It is not traditional. Accept and embrace! The Overall Which? KNOW THE GAMES! Yes, which game matters. Yes, it is Pay to Play. But Why? SECURITY ISSUES (Learn DDDos attacks, port alteration, etc.) Know the environment in your state (i.e. Security Issues, etc.) The Overall What? The PlayVS model (two seasons), three games Games have issues (battle, shooting, strategy, etc.) View the trailers, -
Steam Und Die Plattformisierung Virtueller Güter. Eine Analyse Der
Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Tim Glaser Steam und die Plattformisierung virtueller Güter. Eine Analyse der Waffenskin-Ökonomie in COUNTER STRIKE: GLOBAL OFFENSIVE 2020 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/14338 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Glaser, Tim: Steam und die Plattformisierung virtueller Güter. Eine Analyse der Waffenskin-Ökonomie in COUNTER STRIKE: GLOBAL OFFENSIVE. In: Navigationen - Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kulturwissenschaften. SPIEL|MATERIAL, Jg. 20 (2020), Nr. 1, S. 111–131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/14338. Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0/ Attribution - Share Alike 4.0/ License. For more information see: Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ finden Sie hier: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ SPIEL|MATERIAL STEAM UND DIE PLATTFORMISIERUNG VIRTU- ELLER GÜTER Eine Analyse der Waffenskin-Ökonomie in Counter-Strike: Global Offensive VON TIM GLASER ABSTRACT Zufallsbasierte Belohnungsmechanismen, wie Lootboxes, Crates oder Cases, wer- den in den letzten Jahren verstärkt von Computerspiel-Firmen implementiert, um zusätzliche Inhalte zu monetarisieren. Zunehmend werden diese Mechanismen kri- tisiert, insbesondere als digitale Form von Glücksspiel. In diesem Zusammenhang sind bereits verschiedene psychologische und soziologisch-empirische Studien durchgeführt worden. Dieser Artikel betrachtet das Phänomen jedoch aus einer medienökonomischen und kulturwissenschaftlichen Perspektive. Analysiert wird dabei, inwieweit zufallsbasierte Belohnungsmechanismen als Plattformisierung (nach Helmond, Niebog und Poell) von Spielkultur betrachtet werden kann. Bei- spielhaft wird dies anhand der Waffenskin-Ökonomie in Counter-Strike: Global Of- fensive verhandelt. -
Esports Marketer's Training Mode
ESPORTS MARKETER’S TRAINING MODE Understand the landscape Know the big names Find a place for your brand INTRODUCTION The esports scene is a marketer’s dream. Esports is a young industry, giving brands tons of opportunities to carve out a TABLE OF CONTENTS unique position. Esports fans are a tech-savvy demographic: young cord-cutters with lots of disposable income and high brand loyalty. Esports’ skyrocketing popularity means that an investment today can turn seri- 03 28 ous dividends by next month, much less next year. Landscapes Definitions Games Demographics Those strengths, however, are balanced by risk. Esports is a young industry, making it hard to navigate. Esports fans are a tech-savvy demographic: keyed in to the “tricks” brands use to sway them. 09 32 Streamers Conclusion Esports’ skyrocketing popularity is unstable, and a new Fortnite could be right Streamers around the corner. Channels Marketing Opportunities These complications make esports marketing look like a high-risk, high-reward proposition. But it doesn’t have to be. CHARGE is here to help you understand and navigate this young industry. Which games are the safest bets? Should you focus on live 18 Competitions events or streaming? What is casting, even? Competitions Teams Keep reading. Sponsors Marketing Opportunities 2 LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE: GAMES To begin to understand esports, the tra- game Fortnite and first-person shooter Those gains are impressive, but all signs ditional sports industry is a great place game Call of Duty view themselves very point to the fact that esports will enjoy even to start. The sports industry covers a differently. -
Esports: a Whole Different Ball Game
Esports A Whole Different Ball Game BY AARON D. LOVAAS, ESQ. Boston Uprising, London About Esports Shaquille O’Neal, Joe Montana and the 1 Spitfire, San Francisco Oversimplified, esports is competitive Wilpon family (think New York Mets). video game play. However, unlike going Clearly, this is serious sports business. Shock, Shanghai Dragons: for the high score on a game like PacMan, If there are any lingering doubts, One might guess these esports involves head-to-head, real-time consider further that the NBA is now the competition, in which players dedicate first of the “big four” sports leagues to were the doomed team themselves to one particular game and venture directly into esports. The NBA monikers of some now- one specific character or avatar, develop 2K League, a joint venture between proficiency in utilizing the skill set the NBA and Take-Two Interactive defunct, professional programmed specifically to that avatar, Software, commenced its first season in indoor soccer league. To assemble teams with complementary skill May 2018, following scouting, a player combine and a full-blown draft at Madison the contrary, these are sets and develop fan bases through online broadcasts of the gaming action. Of course, Square Garden, presided over by NBA four of the 12 franchised, esports is also about money. Commissioner Adam Silver. The NBA city-based teams of the To begin to appreciate the scope 2K League consists of 17 teams, each and popularity of esports today, consider representing and owned by a real-life NBA Overwatch League (OWL). the recent launch of the OWL. In 2016, counterpart (e.g. -
Esports Impact Study
0 ESPORTS INDUSTRY ASSESSMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 2 2. ESPORTS ECOSYSTEM ........................................................................ 4 2.1 ABOUT THE GEORGIA ECOSYSTEM ............................................................ 4 2.2 KEY PLAYERS ............................................................................................. 8 2.3 EVENTS ..................................................................................................... 8 2.4 VENUES .................................................................................................. 10 2.5 HIGH SCHOOL AND COLLEGE ESPORTS .................................................... 12 3. ESPORTS INDUSTRY ......................................................................... 14 3.1 INDUSTRY DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION ............................................... 14 3.2 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE....................................................................... 16 3.3 OTHER KEY STATISTICS ............................................................................ 17 4. CONCLUSION .................................................................................. 18 5. APPENDIX - ABOUT THE GEORGIA TECH, ENTERPRISE INNOVATION INSTITUTE ........................................................................................... 19 1 ESPORTS INDUSTRY ASSESSMENT -
Nba 2K20 Review Guide
NBA 2K20 REVIEW GUIDE GENERAL PRODUCT OVERVIEW WELCOME TO THE NEXT NBA 2K has evolved into much more than a basketball simulation. 2K continues to redefine what’s possible in sports gaming with NBA 2K20, featuring best in class graphics & gameplay, ground breaking game modes, and unparalleled player control and customization. Plus, with its immersive open-world Neighborhood, NBA 2K20 is a platform for gamers and ballers to come together and create what’s next in basketball culture. FEATURES GAMEPLAY AS REAL AS IT GETS Take your skills to the next level with the most realistic player control ever, featuring an upgraded motion engine with signature styles, advanced shooting controls, a new dribble size-up system, refined off-ball collisions, and a new read & react defensive game. CONTROL YOUR ATTACK Take complete control of your offense with the next evolution of the Pro Stick. Choose how and where to gather on a drive before branching into limitless in-air finishes to evade the defense. OFF-BALL OFFENSE Execute seamless pick & rolls, rub off screens, perform quick flare cuts, and battle your way into the paint with the most realistic off-ball collision and interaction mechanics in 2K history. HANDLES WITH EASE Evade the defense with the new dribble size-up system, unleashing your creativity by building custom dribble sequences on the fly. LOCKDOWN D Defensive control is in your hands with the new Read and React defensive counter system. An indicator suggests when to shift, cutoff, and steal, but it’s up to you read, react, and make the stop. -
NLSC NBA 2K20 Wishlist
NLSC NBA 2K20 Wishlist This is the official NLSC NBA 2K20 Wishlist. It represents a comprehensive overview of what our community most wants to see added and fixed in NBA 2K20 and beyond. Thanks to everyone who helped to compile this year's Wishlist! Key Points/Overview • Achieve better balance between offline and online play. • Strive for better balance in gameplay, particularly when it comes to player builds in MyCAREER and the connected modes. • Continue to fine-tune the motion system to reduce skating and improve physicality, without compromising the fluidity of the controls. • Continue to polish up player/team AI and overall strategy. Ensure that ACE makes more of a difference in all single player modes. • Implement fairer prices of items, increase VC earnings, or add different currencies for use in upgrading players and purchasing cosmetic items. • Reduce the tedium of the grind in MyCAREER and the connected online experiences. • Expand in-game customisation options even further. • Improve player ratings, especially for Legends. • Implement better/actual matchmaking in online modes, so that users face opponents of similar skill level while they're getting better at online play. • Make the PC version more modder-friendly, with roster and art files that are easier to work with. Gameplay • Find a way to fine-tune online and offline gameplay independently of one another, so that changes to one don't mess up the other. • Reduce the amount of skating/floating and clunky changes of direction, fix speed breaks, and improve foot planting, while retaining the responsiveness of the controls. • Improve physicality and reduce clipping. -
2020 Annual Report
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC. 2020 ANNUAL REPORT 3 Generated significant cash flow and ended the year with $2.00 BILLION in cash and short-term investments Delivered record Net Bookings of Net Bookings from recurrent $2.99 BILLION consumer spending grew exceeded original FY20 outlook by nearly 20% 34% to a new record and accounted for units sold-in 51% 10 MILLION to date of total Net Bookings Up over 50% over Borderlands 2 in the same period One of the most critically-acclaimed and commercially successful video games of all time with over units sold-in 130 MILLION to date Digitally-delivered Net Bookings grew Developers working in game development and 35% 4,300 23 studios around the world to a new record and accounted for Sold-in over 12 million units and expect lifetime units, recurrent consumer spending and Net Bookings to be 82% the highest ever for a 2K sports title of total Net Bookings TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC. 2020 ANNUAL REPORT DEAR SHAREHOLDERS, Fiscal 2020 was another extraordinary year for Take-Two, during which we achieved numerous milestones, including record Net Bookings of nearly $3 billion, as well as record digitally-delivered Net Bookings, Net Bookings from recurrent consumer spending and earnings. Our stellar results were driven by the outstanding performance of NBA 2K20 and NBA 2K19, Grand Theft Auto Online and Grand Theft Auto V, Borderlands 3, Red Dead Redemption 2 and Red Dead Online, The Outer Worlds, WWE 2K20, WWE SuperCard and WWE 2K19, Social Point’s mobile games and Sid Meier’s Civilization VI. -
Next-Up in NBA 2K20: Make Way for the WNBA
Next-up in NBA 2K20: Make way for the WNBA August 8, 2019 All 12 WNBA Teams and More Than 140 Players are Ready to Play on September 6 NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Aug. 8, 2019-- 2K today announced all 12 WNBA teams and more than 140 players are making their debut in NBA® 2K20, the next iteration of the top-rated and top-selling NBA video game simulation series of the past 18 years*. Available in Play Now and Season modes, fans of the franchise will be able to take control of their favorite WNBA players for the first time and experience gameplay animations, play styles and visuals built exclusively around the women’s game. “Growing up, I always remembered watching male athletes on TV and playing as them in video games. Now, to have the WNBA be in the position we are and to have women featured prominently in NBA 2K20, we are allowing young girls and boys to have female athletes as role models,” said Candace Parker, Los Angeles Sparks forward. “The 2K team has done an amazing job of making sure to not just put women into the game playing men’s basketball, but I’ve seen first-hand the hard work they’re doing to make this as real and authentic as possible to women’s basketball. I’m proud to be a part of this team paving the way for the future.” Many of the top WNBA superstars, like Parker and A’ja Wilson of the Las Vegas Aces, have been scanned into NBA 2K20 earlier this year using our best-in-class motion capture technology to create the most realistic simulation on the market.