LCS NAME CHANGE: NOW IT’S A FRIGATE 4 Defensewww.defensenews.com News January 19, 2015 Engineer Shortage EUROPE Shrouded in Secrecy, US Air Force’s Sea Mine Study Threatens UK BAE, Thales, DCNS team leads competition to develop system to Stealthy New Bomber Makes Waves defeat sea mines. Page 15 Aviation Safety 16 Germany: Euro Hawk UAV revival? By AARON MEHTA By ANDREW CHUTER NORTH AMERICA WASHINGTON — In late spring or LONDON — A shortage of engineers early summer, the US Air Force and other skilled personnel is an will decide who will build its next- imminent threat to British military generation bomber. Yet, despite all aviation safety, according to a high the hype and public interest, the ranking safety official. program remains shrouded in mys- When Military Aviation Author- tery. ity (MAA) boss Air Marshal Dick The Long Range Strike-Bomber Garwood informed the defense (LRS-B) program is stealthy, liter- STAFF SGT. NICK WILSON/US AIR FORCE secretary in his report for the year ally and figuratively. Few details Secrets Spark Questions: Will the Air Force’s planned long-range strike bomber, like the to Aug. 24 that he could give only Defeating the Hack are actually known about the B-2, above, be so classified that it cannot be stationed abroad? “limited assurance” of air safety, Governments struggle with how bomber’s capabilities or design. the cause was “mainly due to the to best respond to cyber assault. But the program’s impact is al- Whichever competitor wins will “This is crunch time,” said Rich- significant and widespread short- Page 12 ready being widely felt throughout reap a windfall of development ard Aboulafia, an analyst with the age of suitably qualified experi- the Pentagon and its industry part- money; the loser could find itself Teal Group. “It’s the biggest single enced personnel,” such as 14 Canada: Crafting spec ops gear needs. ners. out of the military attack airframe outstanding DoD competition by a engineers, aircrew and air traffic ASIA & PACIFIC RIM The half a dozen analysts and ex- business entirely. very wide margin. That makes it managers. perts interviewed by Defense And while the program appears important in and of itself.” That doesn’t mean military avia- News for this piece all agree on to be on track, Congress is waiting tion here is unsafe. Garwood re- Naval Gun Buy Known Unknowns India short-lists Oto Melara to one thing: The LRS-B has the in the wings for any sign of cost ported an historically low accident provide weapons despite probe chance to shape American military overrun or technological prob- The bomber is largely a black rate for the 12 months. But it does of parent Finmeccanica. Page 14 aerospace for the next 20 years. lems. See NEW BOMBER, Page 6 mean that items like dealing with routine air worthiness issues are MIDDLE EAST not being addressed. The problem’s not new. The MAA Sifting the Fog of War Experts: Japan Budget Boost Still Won’t Meet Goals has been reporting shortages of skilled civil and military personnel Israeli combat recordings from By PAUL KALLENDER-UMEZU fierce Gaza battle underscore the for much of its four-year history. The shortages, particularly of en- complexity of war in a democra- TOKYO — cy. Page 17 While Japan’s newly un- New Equipment gineers and others at the Defence veiled defense budget represents Coming: Japanese Equipment & Support (DE&S) arm INTERVIEW the third small hike in a row after Prime Minister Shinzo of the Defence Ministry, is not an decades of low spending, experts Abe inspects an isolated issue affecting only mili- Derek say such spending remains insuffi- MV-22 Osprey and tary aviation safety. cient to fund Tokyo’s plans for “dy- a mock-up F-35A Garwood’s MAA report said the Chollet namic defense forces.” joint strike fighter on Defence Board, the highest com- The departing Japan’s defense budget for fiscal Oct. 26. mittee in the MoD led by Defence assistant US 2015 is edging up 0.8 percent to Secretary Michael Fallon, has KAZUHIRO NOGI/ AFP/GETTY IMAGES secretary of ¥4.82 trillion (US $41.12 billion), ac- identified “achieving and sustain- defense for inter- cording to figures by the Defense assertive defense posture under its southeast island chain south of ing manpower numbers and skills national security Ministry, bringing defense spend- the administration of the conserva- Okinawa, and boost its naval fleet as the greatest single challenge affairs discusses changes in US ing closer to 1990 levels. tive Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. to strengthen its deterrence pos- currently facing the department.” security policy, global military While well below the 2.4 percent The MoD will receive funding for ture against China’s Navy. As of September 2014, the MoD action against the Islamic State boost requested last August, the in- all the major purchases it has re- Three big-ticket items include was advertising 102 program and group, and evolving relations crease represents the third small quested to begin updating its Air ¥350.4 billion (down from ¥378.1 project management posts and 70 with Eastern European and Baltic hike in a row after a decade of de- Force, restructure its defense pos- billion requested) to deploy 20 engineering and science posts. nations. Page 22 cline. Japan has adopted a more ture to better protect Nansei Shoto, See JAPAN BUDGET, Page 7 See UK ENGINEERS, Page 7 PERIODICALS-NEWSPAPER HANDLING Vol. 30 No. 3 $4.50

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ing over $500,000 in cash, hun- dreds of thousands of dollars in ‘Fat Leonard’ Pleads Guilty prostitution services, travel ex- penses, luxury hotel stays and spa treatments, lavish meals, including In US Navy Bribery Scandal Kobe beef, Spanish suckling pigs, n Byron Callan of Capital Alpha “top-shelf” alcohol, Cuban cigars, Partners discusses the financial perfor- AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE in the scandal. designer handbags, watches, foun- mance of major defense contractors. Dusek, 47, admitted to using his tain pens, designer furniture, elec- n Juliet Beyler, Pentagon director of WASHINGTON — A Malaysian con- position as a senior officer to en- tronics, ornamental swords and Officer and Enlisted Personnel Management, tractor at the center of a corrup- sure ships stopped at ports where handmade ship models, authori- talks about DoD efforts to integrate women tion scandal rocking the US Navy Francis’ company operated, and ties said. into combat jobs. has pleaded guilty to fraud on one occasion arranged for an SCREEN GRAB In return, naval officers gave TV.DefenseNews.com charges, admitting to bribing offi- aircraft carrier strike group to stop Guilty Plea: Leonard Francis pleaded Francis classified and confidential cials with cash, prostitutes, Cuban at Port Klang, Malaysia, a terminal guilty to a variety of charges tied to bribing information, including ship sched- cigars and Kobe beef, according to owned by Francis, officials said. US Navy officials. ules. Francis also secured prefer- MOST POPULAR Agence France-Presse. The plea by “Fat Leonard,” por- ential treatment for his firm in the Known as “Fat Leonard” by the trayed as the ringleader of the brib- lions of dollars. Now they will be contracting process. On the Web American sailors who dealt with ery scheme, represents a coup for held to account,” she said. Sentencing hearings for Francis LCS Now Officially Called a Frigate him, 50-year-old Leonard Francis prosecutors in the worst scandal Francis pleaded guilty to bribery, and the naval officer, Dusek, are Since its inception in 2001, the US Navy’s of Glenn Defense Marine Asia to hit the Navy in years. It also conspiracy to commit bribery and scheduled for April 3. Littoral Combat Ship program has been (GDMA) entered a guilty plea in a raised the possibility that more na- conspiracy to defraud the United Francis told prosecutors of sev- described as needed to replace the fleet’s federal court in San Diego, con- val officers could be implicated. States, authorities said. en Navy officials that he bribed, in- frigates, minesweepers and patrol ships. But firming he presided over a decade- Federal prosecutors said the in- He agreed to forfeit $35 million cluding Dusek and three others its place in the line of battle is debated. long scheme involving tens of mil- vestigation is “ongoing” and that that he made in the scheme and to who have entered guilty pleas. A DefenseNews.com lions of dollars in bribes, the case is not closed. repay the Navy whatever amount fifth officer, Cmdr. Michael Vannak prosecutors said. “It is astounding that Leonard the court decides. Khem Misiewicz, has pleaded not In addition, his ship supply com- Francis was able to purchase the As part of his guilty plea, Francis guilty and will face trial. On the Blog pany, GDMA, pleaded guilty to integrity of Navy officials by offer- admitted he bilked the US military The other two named by Francis Pentagon: Hack of CENTCOM Site bribery charges. US Navy Capt. ing them meaningless material out of tens of millions of dollars by have yet to be identified or a ‘Prank’ Daniel Dusek pleaded guilty to possessions and the satisfaction of routinely overbilling for fuel, tug- charged. In addition, two naval ad- In a cyber attack on a Pentagon social conspiracy to commit bribery, the selfish indulgences,” US Attorney boat services and sewage disposal. mirals have had their access to media account, a group calling itself the highest-ranking officer so far to ad- Laura Duffy said in a statement. classified information suspended “CyberCaliphate“ hacked into to the Twitter mit wrongdoing in the case. “In sacrificing their honor, these Prostitutes, Pigs and Handbags over accusations of inappropriate and YouTube accounts of the US Central Four other current and former officers helped Francis defraud Francis’ firm gave naval officers contact with Francis. Neither of Command. But Pentagon spokesman Col. naval officers have been charged their country out of tens of mil- millions of dollars in gifts, includ- them has been charged. N Steve Warren told reporters “this is little more in our view than a cyber prank.” DefenseNews.Com/Intercepts gets on the ground, according to and present a new plan by the end each congressional session, which FOR THE RECORD numbers provided by the Penta- of the week, Hollande said. also span two years. On Twitter gon. Russia Wants Formal French An- Two-Year US Budget Plans Urged Beretta: Tell Us the Problems swer on Mistral US Troops Under Mortar Fire France May Halt Personnel Cuts Two former governors are push- The US Army’s long-time pistol The 300 US soldiers and Marines French President François Hol- ing legislation in the US Senate supplier, Beretta, is criticizing the Follow our reporters on Twitter at at al Asad air base in Iraq’s Anbar lande said the government will re- that would require presidents to service for failing to communicate @AaronMehta @paulmcleary province continue to see mortar think a planned cut in military submit two-year budget plans to perceived shortcomings of the M9 @BennettJohnT @reporterjoe fire directed at their positions. personnel due to the “exceptional Congress. sooner — a move the gun maker @CavasShips @OpallRome @awadz A Pentagon spokesman con- situation,” as he gave a Jan. 14 New Democratic Sens. Mark Warner says would have led to improve- firmed the incoming fire, but said Year’s address to the armed forces and Tim Kaine, both former Vir- ments to the weapon, saving the that the closest rounds landed aboard the Charles de Gaulle air- ginia chief executives, believe the Army time and potentially millions SIGN UP ONLINE about a kilometer away, noting craft carrier. federal government’s practice of of dollars. that the base is roughly the size of Hollande was speaking as crafting budgets each year is “bro- “There’s never been any formal Early Bird Brief: the city of Boulder, Colorado. France reeled from the impact of ken.” The duo also said Congress correspondence or formal com- defensenews.com/ebb The 2,200 US personnel on the this month’s shooting of 17 civil- should devote more time to its munication from the government ground in Iraq are busily training 12 ians by three self-avowed Islamic oversight of the executive branch. to Beretta suggesting that there are Iraqi and Kurdish brigades at facil- fundamentalist gunmen. That’s why they introduced legis- flaws or concerns with the weapon Arabic e-newsletter: ities located at al Asad, Camp Taji In view of an “exceptional situa- lation that would shift the Penta- system,” said retired Brig. Gen. defensenews.com/arabic just north of Baghdad, and in the tion,” the pace of staff reduction gon and other federal departments Howard Yellen, Beretta consultant Kurdish-controlled north in Erbil. set out over the next three years away from crafting annual bud- and senior military adviser. Training & Simulation Report: And while about 900 more Amer- under the multiyear budget law gets. Instead, the White House The Army, meanwhile, is expect- defensenews.com/training ican troops are slated to flow into will be revised, the head of state would submit two-year budget re- ed soon to release a request for Iraq in the coming weeks, the air said. quests. Under the Warner-Kaine proposal seeking options for a new war is continuing apace. As of Jan. Defense Minister Jean-Yves Le “Biennial Budgeting and Appropri- pistol. A new handgun could ad- RSS feeds: 11, the US and its allies have flown Drian has been asked to conduct ations Act of 2015,” presidents dress soldier complaints concern- Our new site has brand-new RSS 15,670 sorties over Iraq and Syria, the review while taking into ac- would send lawmakers two-year ing the M9’s reliability, lethality feeds as well. Find them at 1,761 of those involved striking tar- count the tough budgetary climate, budget blueprints at the start of and ergonomics. N http://static.defensenews.com/rss/

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down displays. As a result, the Mi- rage 2000-9 is claimed to enjoy a world-beating, highly intuitive UAE Offers Mirage man-machine interface. The UAE in 2014 also offered an undisclosed number of Mirage 2000-9s to Egypt as part of its Fal- Fighters to Iraq con Eye military satellite deal with France. According to the source, discus- By AWAD MUSTAFA 2000 fighters that have been in ser- sions included the possible pur- vice since 1986, 30 of which have chase of 40 Rafale Fighters and the ABU DHABI — The United Arab been extensively refurbished and refurbishment of the UAE’s Mirage Emirates may be offloading up to then upgraded to the same stan- 2000-9 fleet with intent to provide 10 Mirage 2000-9s to the Iraqi Air dard as the newer fleet of 32 Mi- to the Egyptian Air Force. STAFF SGT. AARON ALLMON/US AIR FORCE Force in March, according to a rage 2000-9s delivered starting in The UAE is also completing the Fighters to Iraq? A Dassault-made Mirage 2000 fighter from the United Arab Emirates UAE government source. 2003 by France’s Dassault Avia- purchase of 24 Embraer EMB-314 Air Force. The decision comes after the tion. Super Tucano light strike aircraft Dec. 15 visit of Iraqi Prime Minister The technologies and advanced for border patrol and anti- made special operations forces gangs,” he said. Haider al-Abadi to Abu Dhabi to capabilities that the Mirage insurgency operations. A number tactical weapons will be provided During a November visit, UAE “discuss mechanisms to enhance 2000-9s incorporate include Das- of those will also be provided to for the Iraqi Army. Foreign Minister Sheikh Abdullah cooperation between the two sault’s “Rafale technology,” with the Iraqi Air Force, the source said. “al-Abadi will be coming back in Bin Zayed al-Nahyan pledged to countries and dry up the sources of similar modular avionics, an LCD “The UAE is also presenting a March to discuss the procedures support Iraq. terrorism.” glass cockpit with full night vision number of the Super Tucano air- for providing aircraft and weap- Abdullah said the UAE would “The UAE is trying to fortify goggles compatibility, and ad- crafts from Brazil before the end of ons,” the source said. continue to back the political proc- Iraq’s security from north to south, vanced sensors and systems, ac- this month for border patrol and A spokesman for the Iraqi Prime ess in Iraq, which would lead to se- specifically the areas from Bagh- cording to the Bader 21 purchase counterinsurgency to Iraq,” he Minister, Sabri Saad, said in De- curity, justice and equality in the dad to Erbil,” the source said. agreement signed in 1998. said. “We are hoping to finalize the cember that key issues were dis- unstable country. “Mainly, Erbil because many UAE At the core of the Mirage 2000-9’s deal before the end of the month.” cussed during the visit in relation “We stand by brotherly Iraq as it strategic interests are there with navigation and attack system is a On Jan. 2 Brazilian Air Force to supporting efforts to fund the re- is making efforts for reconstruc- regards to oil and gas investments, Thales-and-Dassault-developed commander Gen. Juniti Saito an- construction of affected areas. tion and achievement of peace and as well as others.” modular data processing unit simi- nounced that the UAE has begun “Iraq faces an existential threat safety and in combating the forces “During discussions, the UAE of- lar to the one used in the Rafale. negotiations for the procurement. and challenge ... not only threat- of terrorism, which poses a danger fered a batch of upgraded Mirage This serves as the mission comput- He said the UAE wants six of the ened but all countries in the region to all the countries of the region 2000-9s to Iraq, they are expected er, manages the navigation and at- aircraft to be delivered immediate- have reason to cooperation in all and defaces the values of our true to be under 10 aircraft,” the source tack system, controls the cockpit ly. political, security and social fields religion, Islam,” Abdullah said. N added. display system and generates sym- The source added that an undis- in order to defeat terrorism of [the The UAE has 36 multirole Mirage bology for the head-up and head- closed number of light Russian- Islamic State group’s] terrorist Email: [email protected].

modified LCS was to make it more “frigate- LCS Now Officially Called a Frigate like.” Navy sources said it was intended to desig- nate only the modified LCS as frigates, but By CHRISTOPHER P. CAVAS many of the upgrades intended for those ships are to be backfitted into earlier LCS WASHINGTON — Since its inception in 2001, hulls, blending the types. So in the end, the the US Navy’s Littoral Combat Ship program decision was made to make the change to has been described as needed to replace the the entire class. fleet’s frigates, minesweepers and patrol Navy sources said a decision on what hull ships. But the ship’s place in the line of battle numbers the ships will carry has yet to be continues to be debated. made. There are several possibilities — if Navy Secretary Ray Mabus thinks one of the ships pick up with the frigate series, the the reasons the ship is misunderstood is the next number available is FF 1099. nontraditional LCS designator. He directed The fleet’s last guided-missile frigates an effort to find a more traditional and ap- (FFGs) will be decommissioned in Septem- propriate designation for the LCS and sever- ber, and the next number in that sequence is al other recent ship types, such as the Joint FFG 62. But unlike the Oliver Hazard Perry- High Speed Vessel (JHSV), the Mobile Land- class frigates being phased out, the LCS ing Platform (MLP) and the Afloat Forward doesn’t carry an area air-defense missile Staging Base (AFSB). MC2 ANTONIO TURRETTO RAMOS/US NAVY VIA AFP such as the Standard missile — the basis for The first of the types to be redesignated is On Its Mission: The littoral combat ship Fort Worth takes part in the search for the AirAsia flight on Jan. 7. the “G” — so the FFG series isn’t entirely ap- the LCS. propriate. “If it’s like a frigate, why don’t we call it a priate and traditional name.” ship the Navy counts as a surface combat- The Navy also could decide not to change frigate?” he said Thursday morning to a Mabus has long been irked by the habit in ant, not an amphibious lift ship. the hull numbers but simply change the des- roomful of surface warfare sailors at the Sur- recent years of applying program-like desig- “When I hear L, I think amphib,” Mabus ignator — something that was done in the face Navy Association’s annual symposium nations to ships, and LCS is an example. said. “And it’s not an amphib. And I have to late 1970s when new Aegis guided-missile just outside Washington. In the Navy’s designation system, the first spend a good deal of my time explaining destroyers were redesignated as cruisers “We are going to change the hull designa- letter sometimes is the key to the overall role what littoral is.” without changing the numbers. tion of the LCS class ships to FF,” Mabus of the ship, and “L-class” ships are widely Redesignating the ships as FF puts Mabus said he would announce additional said, citing the traditional hull designation considered to be those involved in carrying the ship squarely back in the surface com- ship changes in coming weeks. N for frigates. “It will still be the same ship, the Marines and their equipment for an amphibi- batant category, and is appropriate, since same program of record, just with an appro- ous assault. LCS is the sole exception — a the Pentagon direction in developing the Email: [email protected]. 6 DefenseNews January 19, 2015 www.defensenews.com WORLD NEWS

could be based on technologies developed NEW BOMBER for the previous bomber recapitalization, From Page 1 which was canceled in 2009. Mark Gunzinger, a retired Air Force offi- program, one officials step around talking cial and senior fellow at the Center for Stra- about in any setting. tegic and Budgetary Assessments, argued The program is targeting a production line that the mystery around the jet isn’t a bad of 80 to 100 planes. It will replace the fleet of thing. B-52 and B-1 bombers. It will be stealthy, ca- “We don’t know performance specifics in pable of carrying nuclear weapons and op- terms of range, payload, low observability, tional manning has been discussed. A what weapons, what missions, radar capa- NORTHROP GRUMMAN ILLUSTRATION down-selection will be made this spring or bilities — all these specific performance de- Future Concept: Next-generation long-range strike early summer, with initial operating capabil- tails,” he said. “Nor should we. Those should aircraft concept. ity planned for the mid-2020s. Nuclear certi- not be announced publicly. It is a black pro- fication will follow two years after that. gram and those kind of details now would do “If you want Northrop to stay in the game The target price, set by former Defense nothing but give our potential enemies more as a prime, and you don’t want to see the en- Secretary Robert Gates, is $550 million a time to develop countermeasures.” tire combat air forces at Lockheed, you have copy. To keep the price down, the Air Force to go with Northrop,” noted the first source is looking to use mature technologies that Industrial Impact familiar with the program. are available now, rather than launching One of the larger unknowns is how much Aboulafia, however, questions whether AARON MEHTA/STAFF new developments. At the same time, the weight the Air Force, or higher ups at the there is truly enough work available to Promotion: At the annual Air Force Association program will have an open architecture ap- Pentagon, are putting on industrial base im- spread among the three firms. conference last September, Northrop Grumman hung proach for future technologies. pact. The answer to that question could have “That presupposes the Pentagon has this a major ad for its LRS-B program. Unless there is a secret competitor still un- a serious affect on which team wins. illusion that there can be three military air- known — highly unlikely, but like many Deptula said industrial base considera- framers, and that’s living in a fantasy land,” budgetary pressures, as the bomber will be things with the program, impossible to rule tions “absolutely” need to be part of the cal- he said, adding that strengthening the two competing not just with other service priori- out — there are two teams bidding for the culus. military primes in Boeing and Lockheed ties, but with programs like the Navy’s Ohio- contract. One is Northrop Grumman, which “It has been a factor in other segments of would be “appealing” to DoD. class ballistic missile submarine replace- developed the B-2 stealth bomber. The other our defense architecture, and one could Aboulafia also points out that the contract ment, something Rebecca Grant of ISIS is a team of Lockheed Martin and Boeing. make the case that in the aerospace indus- could have major implications for one long Research says the Navy is positioning as a Together, those companies represent three try, it is perhaps even more important than in rumored transaction among aerospace ana- “national asset” on Capitol Hill. of the top five defense firms in the nation. the shipbuilding industry,” he said. lysts — the potential sale of Northrop’s aero- “The black program status makes it harder Breaking down the rest of the program is a Asked about that topic on Jan. 14, William space group to Boeing. in my opinion to build support for the bom- master class in the classic “known un- LaPlante, the civilian acquisition head for “If Northrop loses, it could tip things to be- ber,” Grant said. “With new [Senate Armed knowns“ phrase coined by Donald Rums- the service, indicated that while industrial ing bought by Boeing because it would not Services Committee] leadership, the pro- feld. What equipment will it carry? Will it be base concerns are something the Pentagon have a new airframe to build,” Aboulafia gram will come under additional scrutiny as in a flying wing shape? What is more impor- is aware of in a broad sense, that is not spe- said. “If Northrop wins, it could make them a the first big budget wedges appear this year tant, stealth or speed? Will the planes, like cifically one of the criteria for the bomber more attractive target, and do the same.” and beyond. So the USAF had best have its the B-2, be so classified that they cannot be program. Once the primes are settled, the subcon- act together on why the bomber they pick is stationed abroad? If so, does that affect the “There is a bigger picture of just making tractor battle is likely to be just as fierce, the right bomber now, in the hands of the range vs. payload tradeoff? sure we understand when will [different pro- Aboulafia noted. right manufacturer.” A source with knowledge of the program grams] have a downselect, what will come Spokespeople for both teams expressed Congress could also interfere with the pro- said the Air Force is likely looking at some- out of that — it’s almost like a game theory confidence that they were offering the bet- gram in another way. The loser could protest thing smaller than a B-2, perhaps as small as thing to understand the implications,” La- ter option to the Air Force. the award, which could set up not only a bat- half the size, with two engines similar in size Plante said. “It’s at the strategic level. Occa- Another thing to keep an eye on is the fight tle at the Government Accountability Office, to the F135 engines that power the F-35, so sionally you might put it into a single over the engine. If F135-maker Pratt & Whit- but a public relations fight. High-profile con- enhancement programs can also be applied competition. I don’t think that’s the case on ney wins that competition, it would give it a tract protests often result in each company to the bomber. the LRS-B.” stranglehold on the US military engine mar- tapping its preferred congressmen to lobby “They should go bigger [in terms of air- The stakes are high for all three compa- ket. Whether the Pentagon be OK with that, on its behalf. frame], but Gates threw that $500 million fig- nies, Aboulafia said. After this contract, the or look to award a contract to General Elec- According to public data analyzed by the ure out there without thinking through the next attack airplane will be a new fighter in tric instead, is another known unknown. non-profit OpenSecrets.org, Lockheed ($4 overall effect and requirement,” the source the 2030s, and then a follow-on bomber million), Northrop ($3.9 million) and Boeing said. sometime after that. Challenges Ahead? ($3.1 million) were the top three contrib- Retired Lt. Gen. David Deptula, former If Northrop loses, the chances of it having Right now, the program is humming along, utors to congressional campaigns and affili- deputy chief of staff for ISR, agreed that the the infrastructure to compete for a jet 15 with strong support from inside the Penta- ated political action committees from the focus on the $550 million figure may end up years from now, or on a bomber longer out, gon. defense sector in 2013-2014. All three compa- hurting the bomber’s capabilities by driving seem slim. Losing the contract now would Last week, outgoing Defense Secretary nies also rank in the top 25 of US companies the discussion from what the plane does to essentially end that part of their business. Chuck Hagel threw his weight behind the in terms of dollars spent on lobbying. what can keep the price down. Boeing, too, is coming to the end of its time new bomber in a speech at Whiteman Air Drawing a direct line from dollars spent on “One of the biggest concerns is that this is as an attack aircraft manufacturer, despite Force Base, Missouri. campaigns and lobbying and results for cer- going to turn into a cost shootout, and the company’s best efforts to keep the F/A-18 “I think the Long-Range Strike Bomber is tain programs is always a bit risky, especial- whomever can produce a ’technically ac- Super Hornet line humming. While the absolutely essential for keeping our deter- ly given the breadth of each company’s ceptable’ airplane at the lowest cost will be KC-46A tanker remains a Boeing program, it, rent edge,” Hagel said. “We need to do it. We portfolio. After all, Boeing and Lockheed the winner, without any judgment or look at and many other products from the company, need to make the investments. We’ll have it traditionally work against each other, while the ability for growth, the ability to connect are commercial derivatives rather than a in the budget. It’s something I have partic- both companies work with Northrop on dif- to new technologies,” he said. “That is a big brand new design. ularly put a priority on.” ferent programs. concern amongst folks out there who are in- Awarding Northrop the bomber would But some foresee challenges ahead as the While Boeing and Lockheed each have volved in this evolution.” spread out the US Air Force’s three top re- bomber moves from a black, hypothetical their own local supporters, Northrop may be And then there are the theories that the capitalization priorities among three compa- program to one actually bending metal — able to call on the California and Florida del- bomber is further along in its development nies. On the flip side, giving the contract to and one that can become a high profile tar- egations following its decision to expand fa- cycle than it appears. Last year, J.J. Gertler, the Lockheed/Boeing team would mean that get for government spending watchdogs and cilities at Melbourne International Airport, an analyst with the Congressional Research Lockheed Martin, the producer of the F-35, the nonproliferation community. on Florida’s Space Coast. Service, penned a memo noting that the essentially has full control over Air Force “As the F-35 gets spun up, LRS-B will be- While a company official did not confirm bomber’s budget profile looks more like a combat aviation production. come a new target, especially with the arms that Northrop plans to work on a potential production than a research and develop- Analysts are divided as to who would be control people,” said the source with knowl- LRS-B in Florida, Sen. Bill Nelson, D-Fla., ment program, hinting that much of the tech- favored if the industrial base is a high priori- edge of the program. “This a big airplane, told media in May that the company plans on nological development and testing has ty. On the one hand, an industrial base angle and it will cost a lot.” using the facility for that purpose. N already occurred behind the scenes. should benefit Northrop, as it would spread Several experts agreed that the larger One analyst noted that some of that work the major programs among competitors. threat to the program comes from internal Andrew Tilghman contributed to this report. www.defensenews.com January 19, 2015 DefenseNews 7 WORLD NEWS

Guard senior rate engineering reside in the private sector,” he UK ENGINEERS technicians are close to complet- said. From Page 1 ing a six-month period of Royal Na- One leading defense industry ex- vy familiarization training and will ecutive here said finding recruits “The problem is most acute in be joining Type 23 frigates in com- with the right skills and experience posts relating to aircraft engineer- plement marine engineering sec- is among the top two or three chal- ing,” an MoD spokesman said. tion head billets for two-year sea lenges facing his company. DE&S has filled some of the assignments over the next few “Many companies are investing gaps. weeks,” a Navy spokesman said. in trying to encourage children into Among a number of recent initia- “Following the success of the engineering careers, but this will tives were recruitment campaigns trial, it is intended that a further 16 take at least a generation to fix,” he that netted 32 new staff, while ef- will arrive in the UK in July 2015 said. “Unless as an industry we can forts are being made to better re- and will be ready to go to sea in find a solution to this problem, it tain the 300 existing airworthiness January 2016. There will be a final will eventually impact on our abil- safety critical staff with a new re- tranche of 16 arriving in July 16,” he ity to grow the business here.” ward and recognition plan. said ROYAL NAVY Nuclear submarine building and Under new salary freedoms be- The Navy is also looking to tem- Engineers Wanted: This photo from the Royal Navy’s website encourages people to apply support and cybersecurity were ing implemented at DE&S, the or- porarily stiffen the engineering to become an engineering technician (weapon engineering). among the pinch points, he said. ganization is better placed to ranks with other foreign recruits, The threat to industry health was compete for staff with industry, the as well as using other solutions threatened by the scarcity of engi- is in the hands of the government. borne out by work conducted by spokesman said. such as financial incentives for neers and technicians emerging “It’s an important part of the the trade lobby group ADS. Finding sufficient recruits for technicians and others. from universities and elsewhere. skills agenda that there is a real “There is clearly a need for a fo- the British Army and its expanding “We are also looking to similar A report last week from the Engi- commitment to future programs cus on boosting engineering skills. reserves is likely the biggest worry initiatives with other navies. Num- neeringUK lobby group illustrated and technology by the MoD at the Research undertaken last year by for the Defence Board, but attract- bers involved in all these initiatives the scale of the problem. requirement stage, otherwise it’s ADS indicated one in five defense ing and retaining engineers, tech- would be low, amounting to a com- “Engineering companies will difficult to see how the key skills companies were concerned about nicians and others to operate and bined total of no more than 20,” the need 182,000 people a year with en- and competencies industry re- accessing the necessary research support the military’s sophisticat- spokesman said. gineering skills in the decade to quires are going to be maintained,” and development skills,” an ADS ed equipment is also a headache. A source close to the Navy said 2022, but there is a current annual Louth said. spokeswoman said. “Similarly, one Among the armed services, the one idea is to encourage engineers shortfall of 55,000 skilled work- But, he added, the problem could in four security organizations were problem is most acute in the Navy. from industry to join the service in ers,” it said. go further than that. concerned as to how they would It has had to borrow US Coast a sideways entry set-up that would Jon Louth, director of the De- “We might see industry and mil- meet domestic and international Guard maritime engineers to fill see them come onboard, after fence, Industries and Society pro- itary fighting over a diminishing demand with the current UK skill- skill gaps on its Type 23 frigate training, at a rank commensurate gram at the Royal United Services pool of skills. It could be a double set.” N fleet and elsewhere. with their experience. Institute think tank in London, said whammy as these days 50 percent “A trial group of four US Coast Like the military, industry is also part of any solution to the skills gap of defense front-line capabilities Email: [email protected].

of its constitution to allow for limited rights gration of military power in the tools of fense Force have to cooperate. It’s rare that a JAPAN BUDGET of collective self-defense, meaning Japan statecraft, without seeking to challenge the piece of hardware — and an inexpensive one From Page 1 could come to the aid of another country, for regional or international order.” at that — has a strategic effect.” example, under certain circumstances. A However, analysts differ as to how far Ja- Those forces, tentatively named the PC-3 replacement Kawasaki P-1 maritime huge raft of legislation concerning this pan is from establishing the “Dynamic De- Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade patrol aircraft; ¥168 billion to start the pur- change should preoccupy Japan’s Diet this fense Force” set out by the nation’s 2014 (ARDB), should number 3,000 by 2018, said chase of new Atago-class Aegis destroyers; year. National Defense Program Guidelines. Corey Wallace, a Japan security policy ex- and ¥103.2 billion (compared with ¥131.5 bil- Also, for the first time since 1997, Japan Those guidelines stressed for the first time a pert at New Zealand’s University of Auck- lion requested) for six F-35A joint strike and the US are rewriting their defense coop- “full amphibious capability” for the recap- land. fighters for the air self-defense forces. eration guidelines to work together more ture of remote Japanese islands subject to “Japan is adding more MSDF capacity to The budget also solidifies the first steps closely. invasion. try to prevent China asserting sea control in the MoD is taking toward increasing its mo- Because of severe budgetary restrictions “Building a Dynamic Joint Defense Force, the East China Sea, and Japan is demonstrat- bility, improving its ISR capabilities and de- and the MoD’s purchasing strategy of buying which emphasizes both soft and hard as- ing that it is serious to defend the southern terring threats to the Nansei Shoto. For major weapons in small lots, the P-1s will be pects of readiness, sustainability, resiliency islands, even if it still has a long way to build example, the purchase of five tilt-rotor V-22 deployed in groups of five between 2018 and and connectivity, reinforced by advanced the necessary capacity,” said Christopher Ospreys has been funded, as well as the first 2021, and Japan’s Aegis fleet will not be ex- technology and capability for C3I, with a Hughes, an expert on Japan’s military, and of three Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global panded to eight ships until fiscal 2020. consideration to establish a wide range of in- professor of international politics and Japa- Hawk UAVs. The MoD also confirmed that it However, under the headline-making pur- frastructure to support the SDF’s operation, nese studies at the University of Warwick. will now buy 30 AA-7 assault amphibious ve- chases, the MoD is quietly upgrading its F-15 is a multiyear task still in its first year of im- But Newsham argued that the current bud- hicles for its nascent Marine forces. and F-2 fighters and building out its subma- plementation under the National Defense get levels are chronically insufficient, as are The Japanese fiscal year runs April rine fleet from 16 to 22 boats, including im- Program Guidelines for FY 2014 and be- the small purchases of advanced hardware through March. The ¥4.8 trillion figure re- proving the propulsion systems on its yond,” said Jun Okumura, a visiting scholar and that Japan’s budget is about “half” what flects the MoD’s own figures for its budget. already advanced, stealthy Soryu-class sub- at the Meiji Institute for Global Affairs. it should be if it had been unable to rely on Additional items such as new government marines. “Given the necessary overhaul of the hard- the US. planes used for diplomatic purposes and ad- The new budget clarifies three points ware, software and wetware involved, it “In terms of percentage of [gross domestic ministrative costs associated with the re- about Japanese defense, said Alessio Patala- must be very much a work still in progress,” product], Japan is still about at the same lev- alignment of US forces take the figure to no, a professor at the Department of War he said. el as Nepal,” he said. ¥4.9 trillion. Studies, King’s College London. Grant Newsham, a senior research fellow “Japan is buying some useful equipment The Abe administration is positioning the “First, the Japanese are serious about their at the Japan Forum for Strategic Studies, a and hardware, but there are no silver bullets budget hike as the minimum necessary to de- security, and they are seeking to retain the local think tank, welcomed the steps taken or wonder weapons that will make up for six- ter aggression in the region, as Japan faces current edge in implementing sea control in as a sign that Japan is finally paying long plus decades of too little defense spending,” an unpredictable, nuclear-armed North Ko- the East China Sea, whilst adding a small overdue attention to the need to establish a Newsham said. “Japan needs a number of rea and an expansionist China. amphibious component adequate to defend military presence in the Nansei Shoto. consecutive years of genuine increases. And “The level of defense spending reflects the the archipelago,” Patalano said. “Second, the “If you’re not there, you’re not interested. beyond simple hardware, it’s about time amount necessary to protect Japan’s air, sea investment is not a blank check. Procure- Amphibious capability is essential and the JSDF personnel got a pay raise and more and land, and guard the lives and property of ment is targeted to either develop niche ca- budget recognizes this. The Ospreys will also money allocated for training. That would say our citizens,” said Japanese Defense Minis- pabilities or modernize aging platforms. help extend Japanese coverage in the south- plenty about how serious Japan is about ter Gen Nakatani, speaking ahead of the re- Third, this budget confirms the myth of a ern areas,” he said. “The AAVs also deserve defense.” N lease of the figures. Japanese militarization. It is a cautious, mod- comment. To use them properly, the Ground In July, Abe changed Japan’s interpretation erate choice aimed at confirming the reinte- Self Defense Force and the Marine Self-De- Email: [email protected]. 8 DefenseNews January 19, 2015 www.defensenews.com

CongressWatch defensenews.com/congresswatch More Money for Defense Issue Tracker Not Likely a Price Priority DHS Appropriations o say Rep. Tom Price, high debt level takes money T the newly installed away from paying for that House Budget Com- security. The House last week passed a $39.7 billion De- mittee chairman, has an am- To Price and other Repub- partment of Homeland Security spending bill. bitious agenda is putting it licans, who believe the fed- Several controversial immigration riders could be mildly. To say that agenda eral debt is an anchor stripped out before it goes to the president. But includes providing more holding back the United both parties support the underlying DHS funding dollars for the Defense De- States, in his words, “the bill. Here are some highlights: partment, as the pro-mili- problem is spending. PAC BOBBY NASH/US COAST GUARD tary wing of his party wants, “Now, there are three National Security Cutter his three decades in Congress has Underway: The national security cutter (NSC) appears a stretch. ways to solve the less progress been made than on Bertholf underway. The House’s DHS funding Price wants to problem, right?” The Huntington Ingalls Industries- cybersecurity. The bill’s report bill proposes $632.8 million for the US “save and strength- he said. “You can managed program “is really hitting lauds the department’s cyber Coast Guard’s NSC program. en and secure raise taxes. It’s our on all cylinders,” Christie Thomas, efforts: “DHS has made progress Medicare, Medi- favorite way to do Ingalls’ director of business devel- through its collaborative efforts quested $8 million for its HC-130J caid and Social Se- that from our opment for the program, said in with federal agencies in overcom- acquisition/conversion/sustainment curity.” He aims to friends on the oth- August. The Coast Guard is slated ing obstacles and implementing program. The House bill would slash federal er side of the aisle. to buy eight of them, and some of cybersecurity tools while safe- increase that to $103 million, the spending and ush- Or you can de- its congressional allies defeated guarding sensitive information.” plus-up driving the category’s big er in even more crease spending.” plans to delay buying two recent Beyond the numbers: Given law- increase. The H-60 airframe replace- federal debt reduc- Price wants to hulls. The House bill proposes makers’ collective support for all ment and HC-27J conversion/sus- tion. He wants to John T. Bennett is do the latter. $632.8 million for the program. things cybersecurity — it’s not a tainment program also would get overhaul the feder- the senior congress- He clearly be- Beyond the numbers: A report ac- partisan issue — it’s notable that $12 million and $5 million increases, al budgeting proc- ional reporter for lieves, as he put it companying the legislation that the proposed DHS funding mea- respectively. ess to “a default to Defense News. last week, “where explains proposed funding lines sure would not devote signifi- Beyond the numbers: The legislation spend less, not a Email: jbennett@ the problem is, and restrictions states the $7.5 cantly more resources to it. For includes a provision plucked from a default to spend defensenews.com. where the big million reduction in the service’s instance, a group of programs the previous House version of the 2015 more.” Twitter: spending is, is ob- request is “based upon previous report calls “Infrastructure Protec- House DHS funding bill. “The de- All fiscal legisla- @BennettJohnT. viously the manda- production cost savings and up- tion and Information Security” partment shall continue to pursue tion must start in tory, the automatic dated execution data from the would get a smaller appropriation joint aviation requirements, as appli- the House. So Price will set spending: Medicare, Medi- Coast Guard and [$3.9 million] for ($1.18 billion) than requested ($1.19 cable, for the Coast Guard and CBP the tone for what, if any- caid and Social Security.” close-out and other costs request- billion). Still, the bill’s authors [Customs and Border Patrol],” the thing, happens to sequestra- But Price didn’t mention ed well ahead of need.” Notably, made it clear that DHS should step report states. “Both components tion with his 2016 budget anything about raising the the bill would require $6.3 million up its cyber research and devel- shall maximize commonality be- resolution. defense caps. be spent on small remotely piloted opment game: “The department is tween their aircraft fleets. Further, Price provided some clues To that end, his spokes- aircraft systems. strongly encouraged to expand its CBP shall develop a flying hour last week in a speech at the man recently told Defense work with cyber research infra- program using the Coast Guard Heritage Foundation. It was News that Price “believes Cybersecurity structure test beds and accompa- program as a model.” And it picks a little-ballyhooed appear- we need to address spend- In the wake of the recent hackings nying cyber education.” up language from a Senate version ance at a conference that ing priorities within the of Sony and US Central Command, of the 2015 DHS bill that said “the also included likely GOP overall caps.” the bill is not silent on steeling the Aircraft Programs Coast Guard shall notify the com- presidential candidates. Price also talked about federal information infrastructure. Very few categories of hardware mittees of any changes in the type But hey, only the few and passing a budget resolution Senate Armed Services Committee or systems would get an allotment or number of its command and the proud in D.C. get fired through a controversial bud- Chairman John McCain, R-Ariz., well above the amount requested control aircraft.” N up about the budget chair- get tactic known as reconcil- recently told a Washington audi- by DHS. One exception is aircraft man. It comes with the terri- iation, which would allow ence that on no other issue during programs. The department re- — John T. Bennett tory. the 2011 Budget Control Act Pentagon officials and in- to be amended. dustry executives echo con- But reconciliation only mittee chairman, for the in- proved a $39.7 billion De- Corker: More Paris-Like gressional hawks’ calls for works with the president’s tel panel. The appointment partment of Homeland Attacks Coming raising defense spending signature making a budget ICYMI makes him the only Armed Security appropriations bill caps. Whether the new measure binding. Barack Services subpanel chairman that would give the agency A senior US senator last House Budget point man Obama simply isn’t going to Intel Seat Gives Turner to also sit on the House Per- funding to do operations, week issued a chilling pre- will propose doing so will be sign anything that guts do- More Influence manent Select Committee buy equipment and do a myr- diction about Islamic ex- known by mid-March, when mestic programs. on Intelligence. iad of other things. tremist group attacks like he has to produce his resolu- A Republican lobbyist House Armed Services But they also tacked on the recent ones in Paris that tion. with ties to GOP leaders Committee member Mike House OKs Controversial several amendments target- left 16 civilians dead. If Price is interested in or says all of this means, for the Turner has secured a seat on DHS Funding Measure ing President Barack Oba- “More is coming,” Senate willing to raise the caps, he Pentagon and defense sec- the Intelligence Committee, The US House on Jan. 14 ma’s recent immigration Foreign Relations Commit- didn’t let on at Heritage. tor, “a good year would be giving the Ohio Republican approved a homeland secu- action. tee Chairman Sen. Bob He uttered the word “de- buying back some of seques- added influence on national rity spending bill with bil- Congressional aides and Corker, R-Tenn., said. “And I fense” just once, but only tration by finding savings in- security issues. lions for defense firms — observers predict both think we all know that.” N when ticking off things the side the defense budget.” House Speaker John but it likely is DOA in the chambers will pass a “clean” federal government must Probably wise to start Boehner last week tapped Senate. DHS appropriations bill be- do. He did say national secu- drawing up those 2016 More online defensenews.com/ Turner, HASC’s Tactical Air In a mostly party-line vote, fore Feb. 27, when the agen- rity is important, but only in sequester contingency congresswatch. and Land Forces subcom- 236-191, House members ap- cy’s funding will run out. the context that servicing a plans. N 10 DefenseNews January 19, 2015 www.defensenews.com NORTH AMERICA Taking Offense: Surface Navy Eyes New Weapons, Platforms, Sensors

By CHRISTOPHER P. CAVAS deployments and unpredictable most unheard of for a landing craft. schedules. The L-Cat gets it speed from an WASHINGTON — The US Navy’s sur- He also offered a full-throated unusual configuration. It’s essen- face warfare community is going defense of the LCS, the Navy’s tially a twin-hulled landing craft on offense — looking for new ways highly criticized new warship that with a vehicle deck in the middle to attack an enemy, looking for is a replacement for both frigates that can be lowered to the water’s new platforms on which to mount and minesweepers. edge for direct access onto shore, weapons, looking to get new weap- The LCS program, which in Feb- then raised to turn the vessel into a ons, systems and sensors into ser- ruary was capped at 32 ships, high-speed catamaran. vice. down from 55, is still capable of The concept was developed by Those were the key messages in performing a full range of mis- CNIM, a French firm based near SGT. ED GALO/US MARINE CORPS the annual Surface Navy Associa- sions, including the mine warfare Toulon. The company built one L- Show Talk: Littoral combat ships, tion’s (SNA) symposium held last mission, and can be upgraded in a Cat prototype followed by four including the Fort Worth, left, were a hot week just outside Washington. cost-effective way, Rowden said. units for the French Navy. The topic at this year’s Surface Navy Defense Secretary Chuck Ha- craft have been tested by the US Association symposium, along with the REPORTERS’ NOTEBOOK gel’s action to set an upper limit on Navy. return of US Marines — boarding a LCS acquisitions — which could Now, CNIM, partnering with the rigid-hull inflatable boat, above, during an More than 3,500 attendees, includ- later be lifted — and upgrade the Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri, is exercise — to their amphibious roots. ing a high quotient of active-duty platform was part of the normal offering the craft to the US Army. personnel, gathered to hear about life-cycle of any class of ship. The Army’s Maneuver Support Ves- MC2 ANTONIO TURRETTO RAMOS/US NAVY the state of the Navy’s ships and “We have never looked at a new sel Light program issued a request the people who man them. class of warship at its commission- for information last summer, and a ation of advanced weapons.” ly approved. He estimated that Notably different from last year ing as a finished product,” Rowden request for proposals should come To meet those challenges, the adding a moving target capability was a decided jump in the number said. this year. service could put a small special would cost about $250,000 for of littoral combat ship models on The LCS has been criticized on a The craft can travel 700 nautical purpose MAGTF on the next gener- each missile, which already cost display — seemingly anyone asso- number of levels, from its surviva- miles without a payload, 500 nauti- ation LXR amphibious ship. While $1.1 million each. ciated with the program wanted to bility in a fight with a high-end ad- cal miles loaded. It has a total lift the ship, based on the hull of the be identified with it. The renewed versary to its lethality. The new capacity of 100 tons, said Philippe Navy’s San Antonio-class amphibi- Marines Return to Roots enthusiasm came from the Penta- small surface combatant, a modi- Neri of CNIM. ous transport dock ships, has The Marine Corps is returning to gon’s December decision to con- fied version of the littoral combat space for two fewer landing craft its roots as a sea-based strike force tinue building modified variants of ship’s existing hulls, will be up- Expeditionary Force 21 air cushions, it has a much larger after 13 years of ground wars, but the two LCS classes already in pro- gunned and more deadly, accord- The Marine Corps is refining its flight deck, O’Donnell said. That getting there in fighting shape re- duction. ing to Navy officials. new concept of operations, Expe- means it could be used as a “single quires flexibility and resourceful- Ironically, given the plethora of The Navy is also looking for a ditionary Force 21, as it begins to deployer” floating on its own with ness, warned Maj. Gen. Robert LCS-related signs and displays, Na- longer-range surface-to-surface apply the doctrine to real-world a crisis response unit aboard. Walsh. vy Secretary Ray Mabus rendered missile that “puts [the Navy] back missions and large-scale military But the Navy’s amphibious as- many of them obsolete when, on the positive side of the range exercises, a Marine general said at Active Seeker for Tomahawk sault ship force needs a chance to speaking on the last day of the equation,” he said. the symposium. More than 2,000 Tomahawk recuperate after more than a dec- three-day symposium, he an- The current Harpoon missile can That could include basing mini cruise missiles have been fired at ade of hard use, added Walsh, di- nounced he was redesignating the hit targets at a range of about 64 special-purpose Marine air-ground live targets since 1991. In every rector of the Expeditionary ships as frigates. miles. In September, the Navy test- task forces (MAGTFs) on small case, the missile has been aimed at Warfare Division. Extended de- But the themes of war fighting ed the Naval Strike Missile, devel- ships in the Pacific and the Gulf of a fixed target. ployments, compressed training first, going on the offensive, and oped by Norway’s Kongsberg, Guinea to quell crises on a mo- That could change in a few years, cycles and ship substitutions have distributed lethality dominated which has a range beyond 100 ment’s notice, said Maj. Gen. An- Raytheon officials told reporters. taken a toll. many of the presentations. miles. drew O’Donnell, deputy The defense giant is working on a “We were running ships too hard Rowden said he is looking to put commanding general for Marine company-funded variant of the and readiness went down,” he said. Manning, Maintenance and LCS more lethal weapons, such as a Corps Combat Development Com- missile that would allow it to chase As the service shifts its focus to The surface Navy’s top officer longer-range surface-to-surface mand. moving targets. the Asia-Pacific region, it still said his ships are getting manned, missile, on as many platforms as The major tenets of EF-21 and “Raytheon has invested heavily needs to remain ready to respond their maintenance is getting back possible. the closely related Marine Expedi- in a multi-mode seeker, passive to ongoing and unexpected crises on track and the future is bright for The concept, called “distributed tionary Brigade Concept of Opera- and active,” said Christian Sprin- in the Middle East, Africa and the controversial LCS program. lethality,” is gaining currency tions, which emphasize scalable kle, the company’s senior program Europe. The Corps is looking at Vice Adm. Thomas Rowden said among Navy leaders. forces built and deployed within manager for air warfare systems. placing Marines on new types of he is happy with the progress that hours of a crisis, are sound, he The infrared seeker would be add- Navy vessels, he said. Marines ex- personnel leaders have made in Speedy Landing Craft said. ed to existing Tomahawks during a perimented with embarking on closing the gap in unfilled billets at The venerable LCM-8 “Mike” But service leaders are now mid-life recertification overhaul, nontraditional vessels including sea, once as high as 20,000, in his boat is well known to military har- weighing the nature of distributed Sprinkle said, which occurs as it an aircraft carrier, destroyer and address that opened the annual bormasters and US Army logistics operations, studying after-action reaches the end of its 15-year ser- dry cargo ship last summer. SNA symposium. teams. Chugging at a sedate 12 reports — most recently from Bold vice life. The versatility of the MV-22B Os- In his first SNA speech as the knots with no load — 8 knots or Alligator 14 — and considering The overhaul, Sprinkle said, is “a prey also has given the Corps more head of Naval Surface Forces, less when fully loaded — the craft how current and future amphibi- great opportunity to insert new ca- options, Walsh said. For instance, Rowden detailed steps he’s taken with bow ramps can drop right on- ous and air platforms will influ- pabilities.” Plans already call for while joint high speed vessels can- to bring maintenance schedules in to a beach and perform a myriad of ence how the doctrine is applied. the insertion of upgraded commu- not support Ospreys, dry cargo line. He said he’s met with fleet unglamorous but necessary tasks. “The operating environment that nications systems, a new, multi-ef- ships or mobile landing platform maintenance leaders such as Vice But the Army’s Mikes, which are we live in today has obviously fects warhead, and a multimode ships like the soon-to-be finished Adm. William Hilarides, head of from the late 1950s and 1960s, are changed,” O’Donnell said. “It is sensor suite. Lewis B. Puller can. N Naval Sea Systems Command, as worn out. And one of the contend- based more on poor governance, Raytheon is seeking Navy fund- well as the shipyards, to get ahead ers is the L-Cat, a French-designed, bigger gaps between the haves and ing to continue the research and David Larter, James K. Sanborn and of the issues that have caused de- multipurpose craft that can zip the have-nots, increases in unrest development effort for the new Derrick Perkins contributed to this lays and ultimately led to longer across the water at 30 knots — al- and instability, along with prolifer- seeker, which has yet to be official- report. www.defensenews.com January 19, 2015 DefenseNews 11 NORTH AMERICA Report: V-22 Osprey To Take Over Carrier Deliveries

By LANCE BACON Greyhounds with new wings, a new cockpit, Ospreys landings have been more frequent more fuel-efficient engines and most of the in the past three years. The aircraft carrier WASHINGTON — The days of catapult shots tail from the E-2D Advanced Hawkeye. Harry S. Truman completed a successful as- and arrested landings will soon be coming to Officials instead went with Bell-Boeing’s sessment last summer in which officials ex- an end for mail, parts and passengers head- MV-22 Osprey. The versatile tiltrotor is able amined whether the Osprey could operate ed to and from aircraft carriers, as the US to perform carrier delivery missions and has during busy take-off and landing cycles. Navy plans to phase out its aging C-2A Grey- also been looked at for search and rescue The tiltrotor aircraft, which has seen ex- hounds in favor of the V-22 Osprey for carri- and special forces missions. An added plus tensive combat action in Afghanistan and er on board delivery missions. is that it can land on a variety of ships. so it is Iraq, has been dogged by negative publicity The Navy has decided to buy four tiltrotors not only able to perform the role of the COD dating to its earliest days, when separate annually from fiscal 2018 to 2020 as the next- but also bring people and equipment to am- MC2 AMANDA GRAY/US NAVY crashes claimed the lives of dozens of Ma- generation COD aircraft, a development the phibious assault ships, transport docks and Bringing the Goods: Sailors direct an MV-22 Osprey rines. More recently, safety concerns arose service had been eyeing for years. The deci- other Navy ships. as it lands on the amphibious dock landing ship in Japan, where civilians and some politi- sion came in a Jan. 5 memo signed by Navy Navy officials said they were unable to talk Germantown. The Navy will use Ospreys for the carrier cians protested the Marine Corps’ intent to Secretary Ray Mabus, Chief of Naval Opera- about an internal memo. Cmdr. Thurraya on board delivery mission. fly Ospreys over densely populated parts of tions Adm. Jon Greenert, and Marine Corps Kent, spokeswoman for the assistant Navy Okinawa. Commandant Gen. Joseph Dunford, the ex- secretary for research, development and ac- COD missions was a good example of saving A classified 2013 report by the Defense De- istence of which was first reported by the quisition, said she was “unable to release in- money by using a tested airframe rather than partment Inspector General’s Office also website Breaking Defense. ternal correspondence or discuss specifics developing a new one. raised concerns about the way Osprey readi- The Navy has long sought to replace the 35 at this point in time. Our recommended way Bell Helicopter and Northrop Grumman ness was recorded. A summary of findings aging turboprop aircraft that shuttle passen- ahead will be submitted as part of the nor- did not respond to requests for comment by found that commanders in five of six squad- gers and cargo to and from the fleet’s flat- mal budget process.” press time Jan. 16. rons used erroneous aircraft inventory re- tops. The newest C-2As date from 1990. Asked about the decision at a Jan. 15 pub- “We are standing by to support the Navy’s ports and work orders from fiscal 2009 Northrop Grumman, the Greyhound’s manu- lic appearance, Navy Secretary Ray Mabus requirements as outlined in the fiscal year through 2011. N facturer, pitched an upgraded COD as a re- declined to comment on the memo, saying 2016 budget request,” Boeing spokeswoman placement. Its plan was to retrofit only that the “possible use” of the V-22 for Caroline Hutcheson wrote in an email. Email: [email protected].

rayed to protect sensitive sites, cles would be an option at the earli- formed vendors of a safety inspec- said Lt. Col. Kevin Parker, light sys- est stages of a conflict, in an area tion in 30 days and the US Army Officials: Field tems branch chief in the Mounted where improvised explosives are demonstration in 76 days. With Requirements Division. “If I am go- not expected. The ULCV would more time, he said, they might have ing to go into a country and going to also allow troops to avoid roads, had more than six contenders. Ultralight Vehicles Quickly seize an airfield so that I can create and drive routes the infantry would The demonstration showed the Bagram Air Base, the assumption otherwise be walking. Army that it could find an afford- has to be they’ve got stuff there that In April, US Special Operations able solution to its requirements By JOE GOULD pabilities and Integration Center. can bring down aircraft,” he said. Command (SOCOM) awarded a among existing vehicles, enabling Allyn years earlier, as chief of the The MCoE has been floating re- contract to General Dynamics for it to skip an expensive tech devel- WASHINGTON — For more than a 18th Airborne Corps, signed off on quirements for two vehicles that its Ground Mobility Vehicle 1.1, opment stage that might have decade, the US Army’s vehicle de- an operational-needs request for seek to answer this gap: which is similar in concept. doomed it in the current budget en- velopment efforts have focused on the capability. n The ultralight combat vehicle Though the requirements have not vironment, Parker said. heavily armored vehicles, taking “We know that we need a middle- (ULCV) is required to carry an in- been made public, General Dynam- MCoE officials say the UCLV sup- for granted the presence of road- weight, mobile, protected firepow- fantry squad with equipment (3,200 ic touts its Flyer 72 vehicle’s top ports the Army’s divestiture of the side bombs common to Iraq and er platform to allow early entry pounds); weigh 4,500 pounds and speed of 100 mph, cruising range of Humvee and it is separate from the Afghanistan. Now Army officials forces to seize and exploit the ini- travel 250 to 300 miles on one tank 350 miles and capacity to carry Army’s procurement of joint light say they want to quickly field a new tiative,” Allyn told reporters in Oc- of gas. It must fit inside a CH-47 nine operators with payload while tactical vehicles, which are ar- class of vehicles that trades armor tober. “Our tanks and our Bradleys Chinook, by sling load on a UH-60 traversing remote and demanding mored. Whereas a 36-man scout for mobility and lets airborne as- are the finest fighting platforms in Blackhawk and be air-droppable terrain. platoon is equipped with nine sault troops drop far from objec- the world, but they’re heavy. You’ve by a C-130 Hercules or C-17 Globe- The infantry’s requirements were Humvees, it would need only six tives protected by air defense, got to seize a major airfield to get master. for a lighter vehicle than SOCOM’s, LRVs, which adds up to a savings of speed them over land and capture them in [to the fight]. You’ll see, in n The light reconnaissance vehi- Parker said, so an infantry battal- 18 vehicles per squadron, Pignato them. the future, some equipment that’s cle (LRV) would provide protec- ion commander can safely assume said. The Army’s Maneuver Center of not quite so heavy, but enables us tion to a moving force. It would he has access to UH-60s, but not Parker acknowledges the LRV, Excellence (MCoE) at Fort Ben- to have tactical mobility.” carry six scouts with gear and be the larger CH-47 Chinook. Special which is the subject of a platform ning, Georgia, is seeking the ap- The driving force behind the light transportable by a CH-47 internally operations forces have ready ac- demonstration in August, will take proval of senior Army acquisition vehicle effort is the contention, or by sling load. It would be ar- cess to the CH-47. longer to field than the ULCV be- officials for a plan to choose from backed by a 2006 Army analysis, mored against 152mm shrapnel The Army last summer held a cause it will require a modest de- readily available vehicles and field that the service lacks the mobility, and host a medium caliber weapon demonstration at Fort Bragg, velopment effort to integrate some 300 to the service’s global re- protection and firepower to enter and sensors equivalent to the long- North Carolina, home of the 82nd sensors and weaponry into the ve- sponse force (GRF), under the 18th foreign territory, immediately over- range advance scout surveillance Airborne Corps, in which six com- hicle. Airborne Corps. Once the program come armed opposition and hold system, in use by Army scouts. panies showed vehicles: GD’s Fly- MCoE has drafted acquisition is established, a vendor could be an area that enables further troops The idea is not to motorize all air- er; the Boeing-MSI Defense plans for both vehicles and is wait- selected and a vehicle fielded in to enter, like a major airfield. borne infantry units, Parker said, Phantom Badger; Polaris Defense’s ing for senior Army acquisition of- 2016, they say. Because troops in an airborne but provide a pool of vehicles for deployable advanced ground off- ficials to approve it as a program of “Industry is saying, ‘I can build force are on foot after an airdrop, the brigade acting as GRF. The GRF road DAGOR; Hendrick Dynamics’ record. The Army could order it this right now for you, I just need they have to land close to their ob- mission means being ready to Commando Jeep; Vyper Adamas’ forward, reject it outright or ac- someone to say go,’ ” said Carl Pig- jective or lose the initiative, risking quickly deploy anywhere in the Vyper; and Lockheed Martin’s High knowledge the need and shelve it nato, a light combat vehicle analyst their aircrafts’ exposure to air de- world. The mission rotates within Versatility Tactical Vehicle, which until funds are available. at the MCoE’s mounted require- fense artillery. Today, the Army the brigades of the 82nd Airborne is a version of the UK Army’s “If we don’t get it right the first ments division. largely relies heavily on the Air Division, for which airborne forc- HMT-400 Jackal. time, no one’s going to give us an- Senior Army leaders have been Force and Navy to neutralize air de- ible-entry is a core mission. Touting the speed at which the other shot,” Parker said. “If no ven- calling for such a capability, includ- fenses, Army officials say. As for armor and roadside Army will be able to act on the dors could do it, we’d know we ing Vice Chief of Staff of the Army Even Third World powers are as- bombs, Parker acknowledged ULCV, Pignato said the Army an- were asking for too much.” N Gen. Daniel Allyn and Lt. Gen. H.R. sumed to have sophisticated anti- bombs will remain a battlefield nounced its interest last January, McMaster, director of the Army Ca- access/area-denial measures ar- threat, but said lightweight vehi- saw 18 responses in March and in- Email: [email protected]. 12 DefenseNews January 19, 2015 www.defensenews.com NORTH AMERICA Governments Struggle To Respond to Nation State Hacking By PAUL McLEARY ners, the breach has hardly been the most In 2007, China even managed to penetrate worrisome of corporate hacks. Lockheed Martin’s system, stealing critical WASHINGTON — The North Korean cyber hit In August 2012, it is widely suspected that design data about the F-35 program and then on the network of Sony Entertainment in No- Iran breached the internal network of the using the terabytes of information it extract- vember is hardly the first state-sponsored bit Saudi oil giant Aramco, an event that insert- ed to design its own J-31 stealth fighter jet. of corporate hacking to strike the US or its ed a virus dubbed “Shamoon” into the sys- One of the most difficult questions to an- allies, and experts say it is likely a harbinger tem, which replaced the data on hard drives swer about this new method of warfare, ana- of things to come. with an image of a burning American flag and lysts say, is how to respond. “This is a whole new day in cyber for a host erasing information. President Barack Obama said the United of reasons,” Mike Rogers, former chairman The hackers called the erasing mechanism States would offer a “proportional response” of the House Permanent Select Committee implanted on the network “Wiper,” which MICHAEL THURSTON/AFP/GETTY IMAGES to the Sony hack, and days later the handful on Intelligence, told an audience at the Bi- was suspected as being a sly nod to a compo- Responding to Cyber Attacks: Workers remove a of IP addresses active in the north went partisan Policy Center in Washington on Jan. nent contained in “Flame,” a virus that struck poster-banner for “The Interview” from a billboard in down. 15. Not least of which is that the United Iranian oil companies that May, forcing them Hollywood, California, Dec. 18, a day after Sony But that doesn’t strike some as nearly States “is going to have to show nation states to cut the Internet connection to the Kharg announced it was canceling the movie’s Christmas enough in terms of either rhetoric, or action. that it will not tolerate it.” Island oil terminal, a critical spigot through release due to a terrorist threat. “I probably would have tried to strike the But how to respond is the issue. which about 80 percent of Iran’s oil flows. word ‘proportional’ from the US response” The US government has publicly blamed American officials have also blamed Iran chain,” said Rogers, pointing out that a na- former CIA and NSA chief Michael Hayden North Korea for the hack, which is assumed for the September 2012 cyber attacks that tion-state could do damage to US defense said at the Bipartisan Policy Center event. “I to have come in retaliation for the release of took the websites of Bank of America, prime contractors by targeting their smaller, don’t think we should give them comfort … it “The Interview,” a Sony movie in which two JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, US Bank, Wells more easily hackable suppliers, effectively gave them a little too much relief in terms of bumbling Americans assassinate the north’s Fargo and PNC offline for several days, shutting down programs or stealing informa- what we may or may not do.” dictator, Kim Jong-un. blocking access for customers. tion. He added that the problem is, the US has One of the biggest implications of the at- More seriously, the German government The Chinese government has already been not yet worked out how to fight in this new tack is that “we now know that a nation with recently reported that a spear phishing at- active in that regard, having hacked into US realm. 1,000th of the [gross domestic product] of tack on an unnamed German factory last networks in order to pilfer information “We have not yet worked out a taxonomy” the United States has the sophistication to year caused massive physical damage. In a about a whole host of weapons systems from for action in the cyber domain like the US has carry out such an attack,” added Paul Stock- report released in January, the Bonn govern- the Patriot missile system, the Terminal High for land, sea and air warfare, he said. “How ton, former assistant defense secretary for ment admitted that one of the plant’s blast Altitude Area Defense system, and the Aegis do you categorize an event in the cyber do- homeland defense and Americas’ security af- furnaces could not be shut down, resulting in ballistic-missile defense system. main that tells you what is or is not a propor- fairs. “The trend is one way and that is to- “massive damage to plant.” A 2013 Pentagon report also identified the tional response?” ward nations obtaining increasingly But hackers don’t need to go after the F/A-18 Hornet fighter, the V-22 Osprey, and None of his fellow panelists had an sophisticated cyber capabilities.” Aramcos and Sonys of the world in order to the Littoral Combat Ship as programs com- answer. N While Sony will likely pay a price for the cause disruption. promised by Chinese hackers over the past hack from shareholders and industry part- “All you have to do is go after the supply several years. Email: [email protected].

military pay and benefits. came a target for cuts since Penta- As He Exits, Hagel Candid on Intervention The future of military compensa- gon budgets stopped their steady tion, including retirement and wartime rise in 2010. These days By ANDREW TILGHMAN are emerging despite pressures on rine Corps Air Station Miramar in health care, will become a top po- the overall defense budget is es- the Pentagon’s budget. San Diego on Jan. 14. litical issue in a few weeks when a sentially flat and the top brass says FORT BLISS, Texas — Wrapping up At times Hagel seemed to implic- “You can’t force the United commission empaneled by Con- if per-troop personnel costs con- his tenure in the Pentagon’s top itly rebut criticisms that the US States’ value system and our val- gress releases the results of its tinue to grow, they could crowd job, Defense Secretary Chuck Ha- military and the Obama admini- ues and our standards and our two-year study, Hagel said. out spending on weapons modern- gel offered a pointed critique of stration should be doing more to structures and our institutions “I think this will be as big an issue ization and high-tech research. America’s use of military force and fight Islamic extremists in Iraq and down anybody’s throat,” Hagel ... over the next year as there is, “We cannot sustain the current cautioned against expecting im- Syria. told Marines. “And we make huge and it should be, because when trajectory that we are on with the mediate military solutions to to- “Sometimes there are no imme- mistakes when we think we can go you are talking about that entire current system we have,” Hagel day’s complex challenges. diate answers to problems. We around and make many USAs all compensation package for all of said. Hagel, who once served as an Americans contest that. We fight over the world. It just won’t work, you and your families, I mean that “We have an opportunity here to Army sergeant fighting in the jun- that. ‘Of course there’s an answer. never has worked. is key,” Hagel told several hundred make some shifts, some reforms, gles of Vietnam, warned in unusu- We’ll fix it. Let’s commit troops. “Help them; human rights, free- sailors during a visit aboard the early on over a period of time ally blunt language against forcing Let’s present a policy to address dom, people having rights to de- amphibious assault ship America, which assures that no one gets American values “down anybody’s that problem,’ ” he told several cide their own lives for their own just off the coast of San Diego. hurt on this. And the longer we de- throat.” He repeatedly raised simi- hundred senior enlisted soldiers at families and opportunities. That’s “I think this year will be the be- fer it and not make these decisions lar issues in a series of recent pub- this Army post Jan. 15. “Well, many universal. How they do that, how ginning, with those commission on how do we come to grips with lic meetings with enlisted service times we find the problem, the they structure that, that should be recommendations, of where we these realities, the more difficult members. challenge, the issue, can only be up to them, not to us or anybody start moving forward on making it’s going to be and in particular the For three days ending Jan. 15, solved through an evolving proc- else.” some of these calls,” Hagel said af- more costly it’s going to be, I think, Hagel made a sort of farewell tour ess of solutions.” At a stop at Whiteman Air Force ter a sailor asked him directly for the men and women in uni- after two years on the job. Stop- He warned that the judgment of Base in Missouri early in the week, about the future of military retire- form,” he said. ping to speak with enlisted sol- today’s leaders can be “intimidated Hagel more specifically cited the ment. “We’ve got to address this and we diers, sailors, airmen and Marines, by the immediacy of everything, mission to fight the Islamic State. Hagel was referring to the Mili- have to be honest about it and we he made no major speeches but in- the immediacy of judgments, the “Our physical presence in Iraq, tary Compensation and Retire- have to deal with it,” Hagel said. stead conducted a series of town immediacy of wanting an answer as you all know, is very limited: to ment Modernization Commission, “In the end, as advanced as our hall-style meetings, thanking the now. training, to equipping, to assisting. which Congress created in 2013 to technologies are, as good as they troops for their service, offering “We have blundered when we We can’t fight those wars for those study potential changes to military will become, even better, without unscripted remarks and taking have tried to force issues, tried to people. That is not going to resolve pay and benefits and make de- quality people, it won’t matter. ... questions. force the answer on other people, the problem. The problem is deep- tailed recommendations for Capi- We are going to continue to keep One message he delivered is that with the virtue of trying to help, er than that,” Hagel told airmen. tol Hill to consider. and must prioritize a cycle of troops should expect changes re- trying to fix the problem. ... Not ev- The commission’s report is com- bringing good people, the best peo- garding military compensation ery problem has an easy answer,” Compensation Changes plete and will be released publicly ple into this business.” N and health care. And he highlight- he said. Hagel also told troops that big by Feb. 1. ed new military capabilities that He made a similar point at Ma- changes are probably coming to Military compensation has be- Email: [email protected]. www.defensenews.com January 19, 2015 DefenseNews 13 NORTH AMERICA

case explosion and now they’re Zukunft: Ships Needed for Arctic, Drug Interdiction beset in ice, I don’t have a buddy system,” Zukunft said. The Coast Guard used to have a By MEGHANN MYERS but ice melt is increasing access. the Coast Guard doesn’t have sleep over, he said. second icebreaker, the Polar Sea, Thirteen percent of the world’s enough ships to thoroughly patrol “As the Coast Guard cutter Polar as a back-up, but it’s out of service WASHINGTON — The US Coast untapped oil and 30 percent of its the Arctic, or to help many of the Star [a heavy icebreaker] breaks because there’s no money for re- Guard’s 11 missions keep the ser- natural gas are in the Arctic, Zu- people who travel there to pros- into [Antarctic research station] pairs. N vice up to its neck in operations. kunft said, and that’s going to draw pect or do research. McMurdo, if they have a main con- Things are under control, the ser- a crowd sooner or later. However, That’s the one thing he loses sole failure, if they have a crank- Email: [email protected]. vice’s top officer said, but there are a few key areas where they’re stretched thin. Commandant Adm. Paul Zukunft made his case for more ships, air- planes and resources, though the service already has a long acquisi- Coming up in tion list to tackle. “We’re a small service, but as al- Don’t miss these special features in print and online ways, we do punch above our weight class,” Zukunft said Jan. 15 in a speech at the annual Surface Navy Association symposium in Arlington, Virginia. Some highlights from Zukunft’s speech and Q&A before hundreds of sailors, Coast Guardsmen and contractors: Drug Interdiction Stopping the flow of drugs from South America is one of the Coast Guard’s top priorities, but as it Special Report: Special Report: stands, there aren’t enough cutters Special Report: Special Operations Off-the-Shelf-Weapons Air Force Leaders and Programs to do the job. Intelligence teams have eyes on 80 percent of the US special operations capabilities and The Pentagon has launched The Top Air Force leaders discuss: drugs coming into the country by requirements: Buying Power 3.0 initiative to • The new bomber sea, Zukunft said, but only enough • New equipment being developed streamline purchasing. • First flight of the KC-46 platforms to stop 20 percent. “So 60 percent get a free ride,” he • Emerging requirements • Will it make it easier to acquire • The latest on the F-35 said. “It’s a $750 billion enterprise • Budgetary issues commercial technology? • Future space contracts and I’ve got a $10 billion slingshot.” • Bonus distribution at the SO/LIC • How will it change the procurement • Bonus distribution at the The Coast Guard has a squadron conference in Washington process? AFA Winter show of patrol boats in Bahrain to do ca- pacity building among allies and Issue Date: Jan. 26, 2015 Issue Date: Feb. 2, 2015 Issue Date: Feb. 9, 2015 provide offshore presence, and he’d like to see that system expand to stem the flow of narcotics into the US. Immigration Enforcement The Coast Guard routinely stops boats to prevent migrants from en- tering the US illegally or, in some cases, to ensure the safety of those on board dangerous vessels. Cu- ban immigrants are common, but late last year their flow doubled in anticipation of the Obama admini- Special report: stration’s move to normalize rela- US Defense Budget 2016 AERO India Special with IMR tions with Cuba, Zukunft said. Middle East defense requirements “Just over the Christmas holiday, The first defense budget with the new Defense News and Indian Military This issue will explore the military there was a misunderstanding in GOP-controlled Congress. Review have created a full menu of Cuba that on Jan. 15, our [immigra- requirements, land, sea and ISR, in tion] policy was going to change,” Defense News will explore: print and digital advertising and Middle Eastern countries. Zukunft said. • Army and Marine vehicles sponsorship opportunities to reach • Bonus distribution at the Migrant flow increased by 200 • Navy surface combatants and subs Asia’s Premier Air Show. IDEX show in Abu Dhabi percent, forcing the service to di- • Air Force strike and ISR platforms Issue Date: Feb. 16, 2015 vert cutters to head off the vessels. • Recapitalization vs. new purchases Issue Date: Feb. 23, 2015 Four medium endurance cutters were in emergency dry dock at the Issue Date: Feb. 16, 2015 time, so smaller ships had to cover for them. 14_290_01-12-15 ADVERTISING: Catherine Foley Polar Strategy FIND OUT MORE: [email protected] | 703.750.8164 Call us about Since the Coast Guard was es- EDITORIAL: Greg Couteau AERO India opportunities tablished, the waters of the Arctic [email protected] | 703.642.7343 Circle have been largely impass- able throughout most of the year, 14 DefenseNews January 19, 2015 www.defensenews.com NORTH AMERICA Canada Crafts Spec Ops Equipment Needs www.defensenews.com By DAVID PUGLIESE Canadian special operations forces will pro- (800) 252-5825 ceed with the acquisition. VICTORIA, British Columbia — Canada’s special Rouleau did not get into specific details about operations forces are focusing on acquiring ISR the aircraft purchase. ADVERTISING aircraft and new vehicles as it develops its fu- ture equipment needs, according to its com- Humvee Replacement DIRECTOR, SALES mander. Both projects are in their early phases Rouleau noted that his command also wants Catherine Foley but are already attracting interest from interna- to acquire a new vehicle to replace its Humvees. Email: [email protected] tional and domestic companies. It has dubbed the replacement the Next Genera- (703) 750-8164 The purchase of a small fleet of ISR aircraft tion Fighting Vehicle (NGFV). NGFV will be a WEST would improve special operations capability to multirole vehicle comprising different variants Renee Wheeler track and target insurgents on the ground. Four that can be outfitted for various missions. Email:[email protected] aircraft will be bought and outfitted with sig- CANSOFCOM has just finished upgrading its (703) 642-7366 nals intelligence capability and sensors to tar- AFP/GETTY IMAGES Humvees, extending their life until 2024, Rou- get ground movement. New Gear for CANSOFCOM: Canada wants to buy ISR leau said. VIRGINIA & WASHINGTON, DC “I would say that the manned airborne intelli- aircraft and new vehicles for its special operations forces. “We’re looking at various options” for the Leslie Hunter gence, surveillance and reconnaissance plat- NGFV, he said. “That project is scheduled to Email: [email protected] form is very, very significant to me,” said Brig. He said Boeing remains flexible in responding start delivering in 2023, 2024, when the Humvee (703) 642-7388 Gen. Mike Rouleau, commander of the Canadi- to the Canadian special operations acquisition. fleet fades out.” an Special Operations Forces Command (CAN- “If it’s modifying existing aircraft, we’re ready to The examination of vehicle options will pro- NORTHEAST & MID-ATLANTIC SOFCOM). “It’s a co-sponsored project do that and we have programs do that,” Fergu- ceed this year. A request for proposals will be Jerry Foley between us and the Air Force, but that for me son said. “Or if it is buying new aircraft from the released to industry in 2017 and a contract Email: [email protected] represents a real generational capability leap United States through [a foreign military sales] awarded in 2018. (703) 750-8912 from an operational perspective.” case, we’re ready to support them on that.” The preliminary budget estimates for the pro- MIDWEST & SOUTHEAST The planes would be flown by the Royal Cana- Ferguson noted that RAMIS can be installed ject range between CAN $115 million (US $106 Kathleen Kenney dian Air Force but special operations forces on any air platform, but the most common pair- million) and $249 million, but a more accurate Email: [email protected] would be in the rear of the aircraft to operate ing would be with a Beechcraft King Air 350. figure will be determined when CANSOFCOM (703) 642-7327 the specialized equipment, Rouleau said. Boeing brought the RAMIS production proto- better understands what it is looking for. He said the ISR aircraft would be connected type aircraft to Ottawa in August for a demon- CANSOFCOM spokesman Maj. Steve Haw- FRANCE & SPAIN to a new special operations command-and-con- stration for Royal Canadian Air Force officers, ken said the command has not yet determined Emmanuel Archambeaud trol system to allow forces on the ground to re- including Chief of the Air Staff Lt. Gen. Yvan exact quantities of NGFVs that it needs. Email: ceive data. Blondin. The command believes there are off-the-shelf [email protected] No specific timelines have been set for the ac- At this point, industry officials have not been products that could satisfy its requirements and Tel: +33 1 4730 7180 quisition, but there have been discussions provided with details on when the project have been talking to allied special operations AUSTRIA, GERMANY, SWITZERLAND about purchasing the planes through US for- would proceed. forces about the vehicles they use. Audrey Meyre eign military sales and having companies pro- Mike Greenley, vice president for CAE Cana- General Dynamics has already noted that it is Email: vide the specialized on-board equipment. da Military, said if CANSOFCOM does acquire interested in the Canadian acquisition. [email protected] Boeing had been promoting its Reconfigura- the aircraft as a direct purchase from the US Ken Yamashita, General Dynamics Land Sys- Tel: +33 6 72 80 72 83 ble Airborne Multi-Intelligence System (RA- government, there could be additional work for tems-Canada’s manager of corporate affairs, MIS) to the Canadian Forces for the project. Canadian firms. That could involve provision of said the company is maintaining contact with NORTHERN & EASTERN EUROPE, RAMIS can provide an array of payloads, in- specific sensors or long-term maintenance and CANSOFCOM to keep abreast of developments SCANDINAVIA, ITALY, TURKEY, MIDDLE cluding a ground moving target indicator as support of the planes. “We would have the capa- in the project. “We are considering a number of EAST, PAKISTAN, SOUTH AFRICA well as communications intercept capabilities, bility to support an ISR platform in Canada,” General Dynamics products, including the Oce- & ASIA PACIFIC said Mike Ferguson, the Boeing official in Greenley noted. lot, for this program,” he said. Diana Scogna charge of business development for RAMIS. L-3, which was involved in modifying King Air The modular design of the Ocelot, which the Email: [email protected] It has plug-and-play software and sensors can 350s for the US Air Force as part of the Project UK military calls the Foxhound, allows quick Tel: +336 62 52 25 47 be quickly added or removed. “You can fly one Liberty Aircraft program, has also expressed in- cabin modifications for specific missions. N sortie in the morning and fly another module in terest in the Canadian program. A company offi- DIGITAL SALES MANAGER the afternoon,” Ferguson said. cial said it is unclear at this point on how Email: [email protected]. Adam VerCammen Email: [email protected] ASIA & PACIFIC RIM (703) 658-8375 DIRECTOR, MARKETING produced by state-owned Bharat Richard Sandza Oto Melara To Supply Indian Naval Gun Heavy Electrical Ltd. (BHEL). Email: [email protected] “The clear stand against black- (703) 750-8678 By VIVEK RAGHUVANSHI Oto Melara emerged as the sole AgustaWestland. listing of overseas defense compa- bidder in the naval gun tender of Parrikar took advantage of the nies on alleged corruption charges NEW DELHI — Italy’s Oto Melara 2013 because the UK’s BAE Sys- July order on technical grounds to will enthuse overseas companies ADVERTISING MATERIAL TO: has been short-listed to supply tems did not respond. short-list Oto Melara, the source to participate keenly in Indian de- 127mm naval guns to the Indian Parrikar sought to complete the added. fense programs,” defense analyst Mary Poston Navy in a deal pushed by India’s tender to meet the Navy’s needs, The partial ban imposed in July Nitin Mehta said. “There should be Production Manager new defense minister despite a and decided not to debar the Fin- said that if a Finmeccanica group a clear-cut policy on dealing with 6883 Commercial Drive fraud probe against the firm’s par- meccanica group company, ac- company emerged as the lowest overseas companies found guilty Springfield, Va. 22159 ent company, Finmeccanica, an In- cepting the single-vendor bid of bidder, the tender cannot be of using kickbacks to swing deals, [email protected] dian Defence Ministry source said. Oto Melara, the MoD source said. awarded to that company if it can and blanket blacklisting these Defence Minister Manohar Parri- Last July, the previous defense be negotiated with other bidders. companies is not the answer.” SUBSCRIBER SERVICE kar’s stand against the blanket minister, Arun Jaitley, now the fi- Because there were no other bid- A Navy official said the much- blacklisting of overseas defense nance minister, imposed a partial ders in this case, MoD took the po- needed Oto Melara 127mm gun has Phone: Toll free in U.S. companies was instrumental in the ban on Finmeccanica and its com- sition that the tender could go to a firing range of up to 100 kilome- 1-800-368-5718 ministry’s selection, an MoD panies in the wake of a probe by In- Oto Melara, the source added. ters. The Italian company also will Outside North America source said. dia’s anti-fraud investigating According to the tender, two transfer technology for the license 01-703-750-7400 The writing of the contract will agency, the Central Bureau of In- guns will be supplied by the origi- production of the guns to BHEL. N Fax: (703) 658-8314 take a few months after procedural vestigation, into the 2010 VVIP heli- nal equipment manufacturer and Email: [email protected] clearances. copter deal with Finmeccanica’s the remaining 11 will be license- Email: [email protected]. www.defensenews.com January 19, 2015 DefenseNews 15 EUROPE Audit Cites UK’s Strides On Procurement Fixes

By ANDREW CHUTER achieving substantial program savings — primarily in support, which accounts for LONDON — The UK Defence Ministry has two-thirds of the figure. mostly gotten budget overruns and procure- To date only £2.9 billion of the savings in ment delays under control, the National Au- support cost have been identified and the dit Office (NAO) said. But the ministry could spending watchdog says failure to find the be storing up significant problems by under- additional proposed reductions could cause estimating costs and potential savings. the MoD to delay or cancel existing projects. “Our work on the equipment plan revealed The NAO report said ROYAL NAVY/UK MOD a number of positive features, not least the the £4.6 billion contingency fund set aside Showing Progress: A British procurement organization has avoided further large cost overruns, last seen on the relative stability of forecast project costs for the 10-year equipment plan may not be Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier program. and control over in-year variations in ap- enough to mitigate the combined effects of proved timings and costs of major projects,” underestimates in project team forecasts of cizing the MoD’s potential underestimation A decision is expected in the next few said Amyas Morse, the head of the govern- procurement and support costs. of program costs, saying it remains unclear weeks on whether to reappoint Gray or ment spending watchdog. If the contingency is insufficient, the re- whether the equipment plan is affordable. award the post to another candidate after However, the NAO boss warned the MoD port said the MoD will have to “draw on the “Officials are still being far too over opti- the government advertised the post in late has “chosen a higher risk approach to man- £9.2 billion set aside to deliver equipment mistic in estimating future procurement and 2014 as the four-year deal to run DE&S ap- aging the affordability of the equipment plan [not yet committed to specific programs]” support costs, an issue the NAO and Public proaches its end. by relying on over-optimistic forecasts of outside the current £150 billion or so spend- Accounts Committee have been raising for a DE&S is in the early stages of a major re- costs and future savings, not all of which ing earmarked for equipment and support number of years,” she said in a statement. “If structuring of the way it does business, in- might be achievable in reality.” over the next 10 years. its own internal assurance service is telling it cluding bringing in industry teams to help The MoD’s own cost assurance and analy- Overall, the projected cost of the equip- that future procurement costs may be under- raise skill levels and capabilities in the £14 sis service reckons the forecast cost of pro- ment plan out to 2024 has fallen by £1.4 bil- estimated by as much as £3.2 billion and sup- billion a year procurement and support oper- curing equipment is underestimated by £3.2 lion to £162.9 billion compared with the port costs by £2 billion, clearly the Ministry ation. billion (US $4.8 billion). previous year’s estimates. is still lacking enough staff with the right The 10-year equipment plan envisions The underestimation trend, though, is Despite the concerns, the performance of skills to forecast and manage costs properly. spending £69 billion on procurement and £81 down. Last year’s NAO gave a figure of £4.3 the MoD’s Defence Equipment and Support If it cannot get its forecasts right, we cannot billion on support. billion and the year before it was higher still. (DE&S) arm in delivering major programs to have confidence that the equipment plan is Most of the equipment spending is already Investigation by the cost assurance ser- cost and budget has been improving for a robust and fit for purpose.” committed and the bulk of the uncommitted vice on nearly a third of MoD support con- while — aside from the £754 million increase The Warrior infantry fighting vehicle sus- funds will not be available until much later in tracts has resulted in a £2 billion in the Royal Navy’s aircraft carrier program tainment program and the core production the decade. understatement to date. reported by the NAO last year. capability for Britain’s nuclear submarine By far the largest single element of spend- Morse, who has served as a high-ranking It’s not that long ago that the MoD minis- build program did register delays totaling 14 ing will cover production of the remaining official at the MoD, spoke as the NAO re- ters would have been gritting their teeth in months between them. But the NAO record- Astute-class nuclear attack submarines and leased its annual examination of the afforda- the face of heavy criticism from the media, ed the MoD as saying neither delay would the Successor nuclear missile boats await- bility of the MoD’s 10-year equipment plan the parliamentary public accounts commit- have any operational impact. ing a go ahead planned for next year. out to 2024 and associated investigation into tee and others as the NAO reported cost Lockheed Martin UK officials who briefed The MoD said in a statement that the 10- the department’s 11 largest projects for the overruns running into billions of pounds and reporters last week on the £1.3 billion War- year plan includes spending around £40 bil- year to March 2014. delays amounting to years. rior program, on which they are the prime lion on nuclear submarines — 26 percent of The report said that a forecast £5.4 billion Philip Dunne, the defense procurement, contractor, said delays had been caused by the equipment budget. increase in procurement spending was support and technology chief, released a significant contract amendments to add ca- The Royal United Services Institute think largely caused by reclassifying one project statement saying: “We have reduced costs by pability to the vehicle. tank in London has put the figure at more as procurement rather than support. almost £400 million in our major projects The reduction in costs referred to by than 30 percent during some years in the That, and anticipated efficiency savings in and enjoyed our best performance on cost Dunne relates to lower forecast spending on 2020s. the support spend, generally are behind an since 2005 and time since 2001. There is al- the Typhoon and F-35B fighter jet programs. Other major spending includes £15.4 bil- expected £6.2 billion reduction in the sup- ways more we can do, but I am delighted [by] Overall, the improved MoD performance lion on land equipment and £11.1 billion on port budget over the period. the great strides the department has made.” will not have harmed DE&S boss Bernard helicopters, the MoD said. N The MoD has also removed more than £6 That didn’t stop Margaret Hodge, the chair Gray’s chances of retaining his post as the billion from budgets in anticipation of of the public accounts committee, from criti- chief of defense materiel. Email: [email protected].

selection, with French firm iXBlue The study for an unmanned sys- France, while Atlas is 51 percent have shown close interest in the France Weighs and the UK unit of German special- tem is a key part of the cooperative owned by the German industrial gi- anti-mine studies, he added. ist group Atlas Elektronik part- Maritime Mine Counter Measure ant ThyssenKrupp, and 49 percent France has been working on fea- nered as the competitor in the (MMCM) program. After the study, by Airbus Group. sibility studies under the Espadon, Bids for bilateral tender. a decision to build a prototype is Last year, Airbus said it would or Swordfish, project. DCNS sup- The offer from BAE, DCNS and expected in 2016, an industry sell its Atlas stake, and ThyssenK- plied the remote-controlled and Thales “is well positioned,” one of source said. rupp said it would talk to Airbus, fully automated ship, ECA the Anti-Mine Study the executives said. The latter That contract will seek a demon- but did not say it would buy the AUVs, and Thales the mission sys- company, which leads the team, stration project to prove the capa- holding. tem. That project feeds into the By PIERRE TRAN will draw on its British unit. bility, rather than design of a If the British-French team wins système de lutte anti-mine future, Best and final offers were due in production standard system, a the deal, Atlas and iXBlue could also a naval program intended to PARIS — A team led by BAE Sys- October, a fourth industry source BAE spokeswoman has said. work as suppliers, executives said. replace the current minehunter tems, DCNS and Thales is in the said. ECA, a French builder of autono- The firms declined to comment. with an unmanned surface vehicle, lead in a competition for a study to At the Jan. 31 Anglo-French sum- mous underwater vehicles (AUV), “There is no fully mature MMCM which would tow sonars and de- develop an unmanned underwater mit last year, the British govern- would be a supplier to the BAE- solution based on autonomous ploy AUVs to detect, identify and system to fight against sea mines, a ment said an agreement had been DCNS-Thales group. drones available on the market,” destroy the mines. N key project for Anglo-French de- reached “on a £10 million contract One industry executive said the an executive said. “The first full so- fense cooperation, three industry for the development of underwa- selection is driven by “the political lution on the market will attract Christopher P. Cavas in Washington executives said. ter vehicles capable of finding and position.” BAE, DCNS and Thales great attention,” he said. and Andrew Chuter in London An evaluation is underway for a neutralizing seabed mines.” are leading firms in Britain and Navies across Europe and Asia contributed to this report. 16 DefenseNews January 19, 2015 www.defensenews.com EUROPE

Turkey specialist. The procurement official did not Turkey Won’t Rush comment directly on whether Con- gress’ decision would be a param- eter in selecting a winner in the contract, or whether the US con- tender would be blacklisted for po- Air Defense Contract litical reasons. But he said: “Our procurement decisions are not By BURAK EGE BEKDIL tin, offering the Patriot system, re- free of deliberations on foreign spectively. Davutoglu said talks policy.” ANKARA — Turkish government with all three bidders would cover Both the procurement and de- leaders are refraining from making an extended period of six months. fense officials said that although a hasty “final-final” decision on a “One imminent political deliber- all three bidders are in the picture, multibillion dollar contract that ation is whether the US Congress talks with CPMIEC have not been will build the country’s first long- will recognize the alleged Arme- productive. range air and anti-missile defense nian genocide in April. We will wait “I cannot say negotiations with architecture. Congress’ move before making a the Chinese contender have “There are political, technical decision on the contract,” said a evolved as we expected,” the pro- and financial parameters at play, top government official for de- curement official said. and we don’t want to make a fense and security issues. The defense official said: JOHN MACDOUGALL/ AFP/GETTY IMAGES wrong move,” one senior procure- The US Congress may, for the “[CPMIEC is] still in the game. But Deliberate Approach: A German soldier stands near a Patriot missile launcher in ment official said. first time, recognize as genocide they don’t stand where they stood southern Turkey on March 25, 2014. Turkey will not rush its anti-missile program decision. After a crucial meeting of Tur- the killings of 1.5 million Arme- when we selected them. We expect key’s top procurement panel, the nians during the Ottoman Turkey all bidders to improve their offers line for another six months is the with these assets, some analysts Defense Industry Executive Com- regime in 1915-1920. April will be in line with four criteria: better sixth extension. say. mittee, Prime Minister Ahmet Da- the centenary of the start of inci- technological know-how, local The Turkish program consists of NATO and US officials have said vutoglu said Turkey would dents that Armenians and several participation, quick delivery and radar, launcher and interceptor that no Chinese-built system could continue to negotiate with all three parliaments across the world have price.” missiles. It has been designed to be integrated with Turkey’s joint bidders in the disputed program. said was genocide, but the US has Turkish procurement officials counter enemy aircraft and mis- air defense assets with NATO and In September 2013, Turkey se- so far avoided to label them as earlier admitted that technical ne- siles. Turkey has no long-range air the United States. They also have lected China Precision Machinery such. gotiations with CPMIEC had defense systems. warned that any Turkish company Import-Export Corp. (CPMIEC) “Apparently, the Turks want to dragged into several problematic About half of Turkey’s network- that acts as local subcontractor in for a $3.44 billion offer. But after in- use the air defense contract as one areas and “this option now looks based air defense picture has been the program would face serious creased pressure from NATO al- of their many cards in the game [to much less attractive than it did [in paid for by NATO. The country is US sanctions because CPMIEC lies, Ankara opened parallel talks pressure Washington not to recog- 2013].” part of NATO’s Air Defense has been sanctioned under the with the second- and third-comers nize the genocide]. It may or may In September, for a fifth time, Ground Environment. Without Iran, North Korea and Syria Non- in the bidding — the European Eu- not work. But the success of the Turkey extended the deadline for NATO’s consent, it will be impos- proliferation Act. N rosam, maker of the Aster 30, and US contender depends first of all all three bidders to Dec. 31. The sible for Turkey to make the the US Raytheon/Lockheed Mar- on this,” said one London-based Jan. 7 decision to extend the dead- planned Chinese system operable Email: [email protected]. Germany Seeks To Revive Euro Hawk UAV Program

By DEANNE CORBETT EH GmbH, released a statement saying it is “proud” to be working with its German BERLIN — The German military intends to re- partners. vive its controversial Euro Hawk unmanned “The German Federal Ministry of Defense aerial vehicle program after it was canceled awarded EH GmbH a contract modification in 2013 due to spiraling costs and airworthi- to restart maintenance and testing on the ness issues. Euro Hawk Full Scale Demonstrator on Sources at the German Defense Ministry January 15, 2015,” the statement said. “The confirmed that the drone, developed by Nor- award authorizes the de-preservation and throp Grumman, would be “taken out of the maintenance assessment of the Full Scale garage” in order to finish testing its integrat- Demonstrator aircraft in Manching, Germa- ed signal intelligence system from Airbus ny. We are proud to work with our German Defence & Space. partners and believe that a high-altitude In October, German Defense Minister Ur- long-endurance aircraft is the only platform sula von der Leyen announced her intention able to fulfill Germany’s SIGINT require- to get the Euro Hawk drone in the air for test ments.” flights again in a move to recoup some of the Former German Defense Minister Thomas €600 million (US $750 million) already in- De Maiziere canceled the Euro Hawk pro- vested in the project. gram in May 2013 when it became apparent The German Air Force is keen to fill the the plane would not get flight clearance over gap left in its signals intelligence capability J.GIETL/CASSIDIAN Europe. since the retirement of a fleet of five Breguet Top Performance: On Aug. 8, 2013, the Euro Hawk unmanned aircraft set an endurance record by flying 25.3 This was due in part to NATO Stanag 4671, Br 1150 Atlantique aircraft in 2010. hours nonstop in European airspace. which requires lightning and icing protec- “We need this technology in order to gener- tion on all aircraft flying over Europe. The ate a clear intelligence picture on which to the drone’s SIGINT payload on an alterna- Bombardier’s Global Express XRS or Global original RQ-4 that was going to make up the base our decisions, and this is a specific area tive platform. One of the most likely options 5000 business jets, are also being consid- program doesn’t have those protections. of intel that we currently don’t have,” said Lt. is the Triton MQ-4C drone, which, like the ered. No decision has been made yet. In addition, the Euro Hawk lacked an on- Col. Gero von Fritsche, Defense Ministry Euro Hawk, is based on the initial Global “There’s no point in looking only at un- board “sense and avoid system” to avoid col- spokesman. Hawk design. The Triton has been devel- manned systems if we run into the problem lisions, a prerequisite to obtain flight permis- He said that there are no plans to complete oped by Northrop for the US Navy. of not being able to certify and fly the sys- sion in the EU. N development on a Euro Hawk series. In- However, von Fritsche confirmed that tem,” he said. stead, the military is eyeing options to put manned aircraft, such as Airbus’ ACJ319 or A spokeswoman for the joint venture, Email: [email protected]. www.defensenews.com January 19, 2015 DefenseNews 17 MIDDLE EAST

Campaign Fodder Vehement opposition to MAG-led criminal Combat Leaks, Postwar Probes probes by Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Ya’alon casts doubt here on Justice Ministry claims of military judicial independence. In Jan. 8 remarks distributed as a press re- Stir Soul-Searching in Israel lease by Ya’alon’s office, the defense minis- ter insisted events in southern Gaza on Aug. 1 are an operational matter and must not be By BARBARA OPALL-ROME probed for potential criminality. “I hope no one will decide to insert this TEL AVIV — Leaks from last summer’s Gaza matter into the hands of the military police,” war dramatize the forces at play here when Ya’alon said. democracy and commitment to interna- A clear distinction must be made between tional law appear to clash with obligations operational debriefs and criminal investiga- to those fighting on the fog-laden front lines. tions, the former of which strengthens trust Israeli combat recordings from a particu- among combat echelons and the latter of larly fierce battle initiated by Hamas during which aims to hold violators to account, he one of the many short-lived cease-fires of said. the war highlight complex operational, so- “One of the tests of a commander is the ex- cial and legal questions that extend far be- tent to which he backs his people. ... The cor- yond the terror tunnels of southern Gaza rect way to investigate operational events in where it all began. a manner that strengthens trust — even if Questions dramatized in the clips have be- professional mistakes were made — is come campaign fodder in the run-up to through operational debriefings,” Ya’alon March 17 elections, while the substance of said. the leaked recordings may be used to sup- Citing the inevitable fog of war that accom- port criminal probes here and possibly the panies battle, Ya’alon said operational de- Hague-based International Criminal Court. briefs should be forward-looking in terms of They involve issues of command responsi- applying lessons to future bility, rules of engagement, and the rights of JACK GUEZ/ AFP/GETTY IMAGES battles. individuals who make up Israel’s “people’s Black Friday: In a picture taken from the Israel-Gaza border, smoke rises from the coastal side of the Gaza Strip In contrast, Ya’alon said army” when measured against the collective following an Israeli controlled explosion of a tunnel on Aug. 1. criminal probes that scour benefit of the public at large. They also in- the past for purposes of affix- volve limitations of military censorship in a At another point, following sustained at- “Under military jurisprudence, the MAG ing blame must be reserved country that celebrates free press. tack on a mosque, another voice reported: operates independently, immune from the only for clear violations of And finally, actions taken in the aftermath “The entire mosque is full of holes. There’s chain of command and guided solely by con- the law. “Investigations are of that Aug. 1 battle call into question the in- nothing left of it.” siderations relevant to upholding the law — searching for the guilty ... and Ya’alon dependence of the military advocate general Lt. Gen. Benny Gantz, IDF chief of staff, and nothing else — in performance of his du- there are cases when this is (MAG), a general officer appointed by the condemned the media leaks, even though ties,” Pono wrote. essential. If someone, during battle, commit- defense minister yet subordinate only to Is- Ynet had cleared the clips through military ted criminal acts such as looting, rape, wan- rael’s attorney general. censor prior to publication. “This is an inves- Classified Rules of Engagement ton fire on a woman, a child or someone who Known here as Bloody Friday, the Aug. 1 tigation that involves bereaved families. ... It The Justice Ministry official disputed is waving a white flag, these are clear viola- battle began with an ambush that killed two is unacceptable in my eyes that recordings ACRI claims that the controversial Hannibal tions of the rules. The place for these crimi- Israeli infantrymen and caused one to go went public in such ways,” Gantz said of the protocol is patently illegal due to the approv- nal cases is with the military police,” he said. missing. Troops at the scene pursued Hamas Ynet-published clips. al it gives for indiscriminate fire on populat- Ya’alon reiterated his position Jan. 13, a operatives into the tunnels built by the or- In a Jan. 14 interview, a military censor ed areas. day after the Justice Ministry publicized its ganization as subterranean staging grounds. officer said only those parts of the official ra- However, due to its classification as se- position on the free rein granted to the MAG In parallel, the Israel Defense Forces dio transmissions with direct bearing “on is- cret, the ministry could not honor ACRI’s re- under law. (IDF) activated its Hannibal protocol, allow- sues of security” were excised prior to quest for details concerning the extent to With Efroni just weeks or days away from ing massive force to thwart an abduction in publication by Ynet. As for the rest, “It cer- which the IDF can endanger the life of an ab- determining whether to investigate events of progress, even at the risk to the life of the tainly wasn’t pleasant; perhaps even in poor ducted soldier or civilian populations of the Black Friday, Ya’alon’s repeated public com- soldier they sought to save. taste. But after all, we’re still a democracy enemy in efforts to prevent him from falling ments have been widely perceived as pre- The mission failed to retrieve the missing here.” into enemy hands. election attempts to curry public favor at the comrade, but evidence recovered from the The Black Friday battle is one of dozens While Hannibal rules of engagement re- expense of judicial independence. mission allowed forensics experts to subse- from the 50-day Protective Edge campaign main classified, the Justice Ministry official Ya’alon “seems to be exploiting his final quently conclude that the soldier, 2nd Lt. Ha- investigated by teams Gantz appointed to said, “The operational order prohibits fire days as defense minister to bolster his posi- dar Golden, had been killed in the initial learn operational lessons from failings in the whose objective is the death of the kidnap tion both before the election and afterwards attack. field. victim.” when ministerial portfolios are distributed,” But scores of innocent Palestinians were It is also one of a handful of “exceptional In a reference to the disproportionate ratio Ha’aretz wrote in its Jan. 11 editorial. also killed in Hannibal-driven airstrikes, ar- events” that Maj. Gen. Danny Efroni, the IDF of Palestinian prisoners Israel has traded in Assailing Ya’alon’s remarks as improper, tillery barrages and ground attacks aimed at MAG, is considering for possible criminal in- the past for a single soldier — or, in some the newspaper urged that suspected misuse retrieving Golden or preventing him being vestigation. cases, the corpses of IDF soldiers, Pono of “massive and disproportionate” force used as a tool for extortion in future prison- In a Jan. 12 letter to the Association for Civ- wrote: “The operational order prohibits fire should be investigated for the good of the er swaps. il Rights in Israel (ACRI), a Tel Aviv-based whose objective is the death of the kidnap IDF and Israel. “Such a probe has the power non-governmental organization, a senior victim.” Pono told ACRI that actions allowed to prevent international investigations, ‘You’re Firing Like Morons’ Justice Ministry official said probes con- under Hannibal “reflect, in our opinion, the which will entangle Israel and the IDF in an In tapes first published by Israel’s Ynet on- ducted on behalf of the General Staff would proper balance between the various consid- ‘adventure’ in international justice, the out- line news service, the extent of the counter- help Efroni determine whether actions tak- erations involved. come of which is unpredictable,” according attack on possible escape routes and sites en under the Hannibal protocol warranted “Allow us to add that a military action to to Ha’aretz. suspected of supporting the underground criminal investigation. foil a kidnapping after it has occurred (for Ya’alon, Ha’aretz added, “must understand labyrinth was clearly evident. “A decision on the matter has not yet been example, an action to release hostages) al- that his concern should be the good of the At one point, alarmed by fire delivered too taken,” wrote Oren Pono, senior legal aide to most always poses a risk to the life of the kid- IDF and the country, rather than his own per- close to friendly forces, the tactical com- Israeli Attorney General Yehuda Weinstein. nap victim. Despite this, we don’t believe sonal welfare, which he is trying to boost mander at the scene, a lieutenant colonel, In response to ACRI’s concerns of political there is anything in Israeli or international through his attempts to draw favor with IDF barked orders to halt fire: “I repeat: Stop fir- or military interference in a potential MAG- law that forbids taking action to foil a kid- commanders and ride the right-wing senti- ing! ... You’re firing like morons. You’re going led probe, Pono insisted Efroni answered napping, even under circumstances in which ments of the public.” N to kill each other. Enough! I’ve got [soldiers] only to Weinstein and the tenets of interna- such actions could endanger the life of the already dead. Morons! Hold it for a second.” tional law. kidnap victim.” Email: [email protected]. 18 DefenseNews January 19, 2015 www.defensenews.com BizWatch

for Jan. 20, where industry and govern- ment participants can show off tech- USAF Launches Slate of nology to Air Force Research Lab officials. If a suitable technology is shown at the event, the goal is to use an Army acquisition model to quickly pro- New Acquisition Initiatives cure that system, perhaps in a matter of weeks. MINISTRY OF DEFENCE AND ARMED FORCES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC By AARON MEHTA The test of this strategy will focus on The Czech Republic plans to buy 20 additional Pandur II 8x8 armored a distributed common ground system, personnel carriers later this year. WASHINGTON — The US Air Force is which James called a “good fit” be- launching a wave of new initiatives cause of the open architecture nature aimed at bringing down the cost and of that program. time associated with acquiring new If the event is successful, James said, RANDOM NOTES technologies, service Secretary Debo- the idea is to expand it to future pro- rah Lee James announced. grams. Pandurs for Czech Army The initiatives are bundled together Internally, the service is working to The Czech Ministry of De- under the banner of “Bending the Cost become better at sharing best practices fense aims to order 20 Pan- Curve,” a program title that comes with SCOTT ASH/US AIR FORCE through its “Matchmaker Project,” dur II eight-wheeled its own logo and the requisite BTCC ac- Quicker, Less Expensive: US Air Force wherein industry and service acquisi- armored personnel carriers ronym. The goal is to work more close- Secretary Deborah Lee James speaks Jan. 12 tion officials can get together and figure (APCs) from Madrid-based ly with industry in order to find at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland. James wants out what worked and didn’t work fol- General Dynamics Euro- solutions that work for both sides, to speed the acquisition process and reduce lowing the completion of a program. pean Land Systems. The James said during an event hosted at costs. Those experts will then share their in- deal is expected to be the Atlantic Council here. formation with acquisition officials awarded in July, Czech Dep- “We have got to stop spending more facilitate the flow of information back who are working on upcoming pro- uty Defense Minister Jiri Bo- and more in order to get less and less, and forth between industry and the ser- jects, with the goal to increase the rovec said. The ministry did so what we have to do is bend that cost vice. James held up a hypothetical ex- knowledge pool of best practices. not disclose the amount of MBDA curve,” James said. ample where a future jet may have a For information technology, the ser- the planned deal. The land-based future local area As an example of how slowly the ac- requirement for a 500 mph speed, but vice is standing up an IT Business Ana- The new APCs will im- air defense system (FLAADS) will quisition system moves, James noted industry could come back and say if the lytics unit, which will collect business prove the military’s com- replace Britain’s aging Rapier that the average time to award a sole- engine speed goes down to 450 mph, it data and help drive decisions on pro- mand and communication system. source contract is 17 months, some- can save millions. curing the increasingly expensive IT in- capability, Borovec told lo- thing she called a “horrifying fact.” “Perhaps we can use that knowledge frastructure needed by the service. cal Czech news agency CTK. duction of FLAADS into ser- “We in the Air Force — and I can say to make tradeoffs in how we develop The Pentagon is littered with the re- “The [supplied] vehicle vice toward the end of the this broadly across the Department of our RFP [request for proposal], our mains of acquisition reforms, but should not differ significant- decade.” Defense as well — we are way too slow evaluation factors, and maybe we James indicated that starting relatively ly from the rest [of the Czech One of the first deploy- in all that we do,” James said. might even choose to modify that re- small and building up, as well as the per- APCs]. And not only visual- ments for the truck-based The BTCC plan is aimed at address- quirement,” she said. sonal focus from top service officials, ly, but also in terms of their missile system could be to ing both those issues. It is divided into To launch the use of this process, the should keep these programs on track. tactical-technical specifica- bolster British air defense in three target areas: enhancing interac- service has selected four upcoming ac- “All the ideas I spoke about today are tion,” said Gen. Petr Pavel, the Falklands. tions with industry, expanding compe- quisition programs: the T-X trainer re- within [Chief of Staff Gen. Mark Welsh] the chief of the General Staff tition for programs among both placement, the Long-Range Stand Off and I’s purview,” James said. “These of the Czech Armed Forces. Next-gen C4I for Israel traditional and non-traditional industry weapon, the Multi-Adaptive Podded can all be implanted within our own au- The planned contract will Israel’s Defense Ministry partners, and improving the service’s System and the Space-Based Infrared thorities, so we are marching out to do expand the APC fleet oper- has awarded Elbit Systems internal acquisition processes. Radar System, also known as SBIRS. so. ated by the Czech Army. In rights to develop the next James laid out the first big steps be- T-X will be first, with James noting “None of this is easy, because it in- March 2009, the government generation of the Israeli ing taken in each of those categories that they expect to release an RFP in volves change, and change is hard. But I approved the purchase of Army’s digital C4I network during her speech. about two years for that program. would submit it’s worth putting the ef- 107 Pandur II vehicles for under a series of multiyear In the “enhancing interactions” cate- Under the “expand competition” cat- fort into it,” James concluded. 14.4 billion crowns (US $609 contracts estimated at $117 gory, the service is launching a Cost Ca- egory, James announced a “PlugFest million). million. pability Analyses process, which will Plus” event at George Mason University Email: [email protected]. The Haifa, Israel-based UK’s Rapier Replacement firm, developer of the Israeli The British Army is to get a Army’s operational network been appointed chief execu- tions & Services Group’s Raytheon Intelligence, In- new ground-based air de- known here as Tzayad, or tive of the European Defence Army business unit, the Fair- formation and Services ef- fense missile to replace the Digital Army Program, last ON THE MOVE Agency, the EDA announced. fax, Virginia-based company fective March 2, succeeding aging Rapier system follow- week announced receipt of Domecq, a senior Spanish said. The retired US Army Lynn Dugle, who will retire, ing the signing of a develop- the bundled MoD contracts, BAE Systems has named Jo- diplomat, will take up his brigadier general was chief Waltham, Massachusetts- ment and manufacture deal most of them extending over seph Campbell as vice presi- duties next month, replac- operating officer of Phycal. based Raytheon said. by the Defence Ministry and a six-year period. dent and general manager of ing Claude-France Arnould. Anthony “Toby” O’Brien will MBDA last month. Under the contracts, Elbit the company’s US-based US-based Northrop Grum- succeed Wajsgras as vice The contract for the land- will develop what it de- Ship Repair business. Camp- James Amos, who retired man announced the appoint- president and chief financial based future local area air scribed as “a master pro- bell, who was vice president Dec. 1 as 35th commandant ment of Kevin Mitchell as vice officer. He was vice presi- defense system (FLAADS) gram that computerizes all and director at American of the US Marine Corps, has president of global supply dent and chief financial offi- has yet to be publicly an- operations in the land Systems, succeeds Bill Clif- joined the board of directors chain in its Aerospace Sys- cer for Raytheon’s Integra- nounced, but an MoD forces, connecting all field ford, who will retire. of LORD Corp., the North Car- tems sector, replacing Lisa ted Defense Systems. N spokeswoman confirmed a and command echelons into olina-based company said. Kohl, who is retiring. He was program worth £228 million a central data transfer net- Jorge Domecq, Spain’s am- the sector’s vice president of Compiled by Michele Savage. (US $343 million) had been work.” bassador permanent repre- Andrew Twomey has joined production operations. signed with Europe’s lead- sentative to the Organisa- ManTech International as sen- ing missile maker just be- ICBM Support for USAF David Wajsgras Send personnel news to tion for Security and ior vice president-general has been [email protected]. fore Christmas. She said the The US Air Force has Cooperation in Europe, has manager of its Mission Solu- appointed president of MoD “anticipated the intro- awarded Northrop Grum- www.defensenews.com January 19, 2015 DefenseNews 19 man a contract for the sup- and weapon simulators at port of Minuteman III US Marine Corps facilities at intercontinental ballistic home and abroad. Delivery missile (ICBM) ground sub- begins at the end of this year. TO PLACE AN EVENT LISTING, systems, the US-based com- CALL (703) 658-8365 OR EMAIL [email protected] pany said. Northrop is the EW for Swedish Subs Calendar sole award recipient for the Exelis has been awarded a $963.5 million contract, with contract valued at more an initial value of about $4.4 than $17 million to provide million. electronic support mea- JANUARY 2015 MARCH 2015 Under this five-year con- sures technology and ser- January 26-28, 2015 March 11, 2015 tract, Northrop will provide vices to Sweden through a program management sup- subcontract with Swedish 26th ANNUAL SO/LIC SYMPOSIUM WOMEN IN DEFENSE port, engineering services shipbuilder Saab. & EXHIBITION NATIONAL CONFERENCE and emergency response to Under the contract, Exelis Washington, D.C. Arlington, VA the Air Force. This effort en- will provide Swedish sub- www.ndia.org/meetings/5880 www.ndia.org/meetings/5WID compasses weapon system marines with the latest mod- analyses, system and sub- el of the ES-3701 electronic Explore requirements, policies and tech- nology solutions to support persistent SOF system assessment, and warfare system, which will operations across the globe. Keynote technical advisement and boost situational aware- Speakers include: USSOCOM Commander, assistance to the ICBM Sys- ness, targeting, self-protec- USSOCOM Acquisition Executive and March 16-18, 2015 tems Directorate on ground tion and surveillance. NATO Special Operations HQ Commander. 31st ANNUAL NATIONAL LOGISTICS systems-related programs, FORUM risk management and miti- $17M in Orders Washington, DC gation. Arotech’s Power Systems January 28-29, 2015 www.ndia.org/meetings/5730 Division has recently re- HOW WASHINGTON WORKS - AMVs for Poland ceived $17 million in new or- The forum will highlight challenges, attempt NAVIGATING THE DoD to identify opportunities, and assess future Poland’s Ministry of Na- ders for batteries and power Reston, VA impacts on logistics support to Warfighters tional Defense has placed an systems, according to Ann www.ndia.org/meetings/543B based on known and anticipated fiscal additional order for AMV Arbor, Michigan-based Aro- constraints. eight-wheel-drive vehicles tech. from Patria’s Polish partner The total includes about FEBRUARY 2015 Rosomak, Finland-based $10 million in orders from a Patria said. The order’s total foreign defense ministry for February 5, 2015 value is €90 million (US $106 military batteries and char- March 24-26, 2015 million). gers for tactical communi- COMBATING TERRORISM TECHNICAL 16th ANNUAL SCIENCE & Patria will deliver compo- cation systems. The SUPPORT OFFICE (CTTSO) APBI ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY nents for 200 vehicles for remaining $7 million was for Washington, DC www.ndia.org/meetings/5090 CONFERENCE Rosomak, which produces batteries and chargers for a Springfield, VA the vehicles under Patria’s li- variety of customers, of www.ndia.org/meetings/5720 cense. Deliveries will take which $1 million in orders CTTSO identifies and develops technology- based capabilities to combat terrorism and place 2015-19. has been delivered. irregular adversaries and to deliver these capabilities to DoD components and inter- Falcon Radios for USMC Signal Processing Deal agency partners. This APBI will forecasts the requirements anticipated for funding in Harris has received a $15 Mercury Systems, Fiscal Year 2016. March 25-26, 2015 million order to expand ap- Chelmsford, Massachusetts, CYBERWEST: THE SOUTHWEST plications for wideband tac- announced it has received a tical networking for the US $4.3 million follow-on order CYBERSECURITY SUMMIT February 10-11, 2015 Phoenix, AZ Marine Corps, the Roches- from a leading defense www.afei.org/events/5A06 ter, New York-based compa- prime contractor for high- 2015 HUMAN SYSTEMS CONFERENCE Alexandria, VA ny said. performance signal process- www.ndia.org/meetings/5350 Harris will provide Falcon ing subsystems for a ship- III vehicular radio systems borne radar application. The Focusing on the theme "Human Systems: Maintaining Our Physical Edge, Enabling and accessories to the order was booked in the March 30-April 1, 2015 Corps’ AN/MRC-145 pro- company’s fiscal 2015 sec- Our Cognitive Edge" the conference will feature brief, high-impact presentations of gram. The system is based ond quarter and is expected technical accomplishments and research JOINT UNDERSEA WARFARE on the Falcon III AN/ to be shipped by its fiscal based recommendations in 90-minute TECHNOLOGY SPRING CONFERENCE blocks across the five Human Systems COI San Diego, CA PRC-117G, a software up- 2016 third quarter. Topic Areas. gradeable manpack radio www.ndia.org/meetings/5260 that delivers tactical Inter- Name Change for Sabtech net capability to the battle- Yorba Linda, California- MARCH 2015 field and allows users to based Sabtech has changed communicate by voice, its name to IXI Technology, APRIL 2015 video and data for enhanced the company announced. March 2-4, 2015 command and control and “We continue to focus on 30th ANNUAL NATIONAL TEST & situational awareness. advanced communications EVALUATION CONFERENCE April 22-24, 2015 technology, exceptional Springfield, VA ADRIATIC SEA DEFENSE & USMC Small Arms Trainers customer service, on-time www.ndia.org/meetings/5910 AEROSPACE Meggitt Training Systems delivery for the US military Split, Croatia has won a $31.7 million con- and its allies,” CEO Michael "The Future of T&E: Maintaining the www.adriaticseadefense.com Defense Technology Edge." T&E develop- tract for indoor simulated Carter, who joined and pur- ments, BBP review and lessons learned. marksmanship training sys- chased the tactical data tems from the US Marine communications company Corps, UK-based parent 11 months ago, said in a DECEMBER 2015 company Meggitt an- press release. N March 10, 2015 nounced. WOMEN IN DEFENSE The five-year contract Send product information ANNUAL DINNER December 8-10, 2015 covers the design, develop- and financial news to Arlington, VA GULF DEFENSE & AEROSPACE ment, installation and sup- [email protected]. www.ndia.org/meetings Kuwait City, Kuwait port of some 670 systems www.GulfDefense.com 20 DefenseNews January 19, 2015 www.defensenews.com Commentary WORD FOR WORD “Germany is providing leadership in EDITORIAL so many areas in Europe, but we are also looking for German leadership US NAVY’S LITTORAL COMBAT SHIP when it comes to investing in defense. Ensure Success of New Frigates We need to invest in our defense to be able to protect all our allies and to maintain fter years of criticism, debate and angst, the capabilities come standard on LCS hulls, which are the security and stability of Europe.” A US Navy appears to — finally — have em- delivered with a single 57mm gun. braced the littoral combat ships that will All that said, the LCS is here to stay and it is criti- NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg prove to be a critical element of its surface force. cal that the right steps are taken to ensure the pro- Speaking at a joint news conference with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin on To address persistent concerns that both versions gram’s success. Jan. 14 of the speedy warship were too lightly armed and First, both LCS designs will benefit from the dis- vulnerable, Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel ordered tributed lethality concept to improve the fleet’s the Navy to study alternatives and capped the pro- firepower. A top priority is a new lightweight, long- “No, I do not.” gram at 32 ships. range missile to give the ships an offensive punch. Unsurprisingly, the Navy proposed adding weap- Second, changeable mission modules are core to US Air Force Secretary Deborah Lee James ons and improving the survivability of the last 20 the LCS design, so the Navy must ensure the mine When asked if she had any regrets about trying to retire the A-10, a ships of the class, referring to them as small surface warfare, anti-surface and anti-submarine modules move unpopular in Congress combatants. work and can be rapidly swapped as needs change. Critics maintain the changes will do little to im- Third, as the ships require more people to operate prove the utility of the LCS while increasing unit than originally expected, the Navy must determine cost by tens of millions of dollars apiece. the appropriate crew size and make the design “Why am I not shocked that, in Supporters say the program is on time and budget changes needed to accommodate them. and that LCS offers an ideal foundation as a potent Fourth, consider modifications to increase range addition to wanting to cut Social future warship that will provide flexible forward and persistence. presence and assume key minesweeping duties Finally, equip the ships with a gun that is more Security and Medicare as we know it, when current ships are retired in about a decade. powerful than the 57mm weapon now fitted, which They contend the shallow-draft ships will prove many consider too small for the job. cut education, cut nutrition programs valuable, as in the search for the wreckage of the The LCS is far different in fundamental approach AirAsia jetliner. than past ships. The Navy and its contractors must for hungry kids, their other brilliant To make the ships more attractive and help work hard to improve capabilities of both types of idea is to increase military spending at a time assimilate them more quickly into a skeptical fleet, ships, which have limitations. Half the fleet will be a Navy Secretary Ray Mabus last week announced steel monohull by Lockheed Martin and Marinette when we spend more money than almost the rest that the ships would be redesignated as frigates. The Marine and the other half an aluminum trimaran by decision comes as the last of the Navy’s once-ubiqui- Austal USA. Adding weapons and systems on either of the world combined.” tous Oliver Hazard Perry-class guided-missile frig- one without compromising performance or driving ates are decommissioned after decades of exempla- other costly changes will be a challenge. Senate Budget Committee Ranking Member Bernie Sanders, ry service. The right way to map the future LCS frigates is to I-Vt. The announcement at last week’s Surface Navy get ships to the fleet where commanders and sailors On congressional Republicans Association’s annual conference and tradeshow can operate them to determine future capabilities outside Washington, however, did little to assuage while taking advantage of a fast, light warship de- skeptics who were quick to point out that the term signed for engagement, presence and limited com- n Email letters to [email protected]. frigate is usually applied to warships with multiple bat in relief of larger, more powerful ships. Please include phone number. Letters may be edited. built-in capabilities. The Navy has signaled it is all-in with LCS. Now The Perry-class ships had anti-submarine gear, a leadership must dedicate itself to ensuring this Submissions to Defense News may be published or distributed in print, electronic or other forms. bigger gun and air defense missiles. None of these massive investment is a success.

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ell into the second dec- technical ability to do so. W ade of the 21st century, Putting Boots on the Ground Ukraine and many of our newer the future employment NATO allies are debating this of the US Army remains in doubt. issue even if we are not. The Army, the pre-eminent Since 1775, my Army has fought ground combat force on the plan- An Expeditionary US Army Must Rethink Role and won our nation’s wars, both et, is bedeviled by two funda- in battle and through the threat of mental questions regarding its In view of these facts, the Army lenges of an expeditionary, home- expeditionary Army concept. combat. If our landpower deter- future. has historically maintained 30 to based Army. If we determine that it is trans- rence is now to be based in the The first, on the nature of the 50 percent of its forces outside portation, and not training, that United States, we must question roles and the United States since World War Testing Capabilities limits the expeditionary Army, the size of the active force as well missions that II. This trend has changed precip- During the Cold War, despite this would bring into question the as what national policy we seek the Army itously since 1990. the approximately 200,000 Amer- Army’s plan to draw down the to achieve. When we declare, executes, is At the fall of the Berlin Wall, ican soldiers stationed in Europe, active components and much antebellum, that there will be “no intrinsically more than 40 percent of the reg- we regularly conducted an exer- cheaper reserve components boots on the ground,” we have linked to the ular Army was stationed outside cise known as “REFORGER,” an equally. proved to both allies and enemies second: how the US and its territories. The abbreviation for “Redeployment We know the threats from a the small regard the country has the Army bulk of these forces was in of FORces to GERmany.” Here, resurgent Russia and an increas- for the mission. executes that Europe, witness to the successful we tested our ability to rapidly ingly bellicose Beijing define our A grand strategy of “no boots mission. Rath- culmination of the Cold War. By reinforce our NATO allies with conventional challenges. Poland, on the ground” demonstrates a er than surren- 2014, this number has shrunk to a US-based units in case of building the Baltic republics, Ukraine, national disinterest in the affairs By Lt. Col. Paul dering to mere 6 percent. tensions with the Soviet Union. Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines of men. Every retreat of our na- Darling, a graduate bureaucratic The Army succeeded magnifi- This was a planned exercise that are some of our most likely areas tion from world affairs has ended of the United States inertia, the cently in its role as a strategic taxed and tested our strategic of conflict requiring our conven- violently in recent history. Every Military Academy. Army and its deterrent. In long-term occupa- transportation capabilities. tionally focused Army. The nation time we have stood shoulder to civilian lead- tions that evolved to symbiotic Today, the Army argues that the has decided we will not use the shoulder with our allies, we have ers must critically examine the stationing, it kept the peace in active force alone provides the previously successful strategy of reaped success. Often we answers to these questions. several countries, primarily in requisite readiness to meet the a forward-stationed Army. The achieved these victories without The Army exists to fight and Europe and Asia, first strength- vastly increased expeditionary question is why? violence. win our nation’s wars. In the ening them during postwar re- demand. Training is presumed to Even should the expeditionary absence of open conflict, it deters building and ultimately defending be the greatest challenge and not Willingness To Deploy Army prove logistically feasible, aggression by its readiness to them from threats largely emanat- the logistics required to move Do we have an expeditionary itself an unproven assumption, execute this mission. In their role ing from the Communist bloc. these heavy forces. Army that can handle the threat, the larger issue of an essentially as a deterrent to war, soldiers This permanent forward pres- To test this foundational as- or do we simply lack the will to missionless, large standing Army have served as the ultimate mani- ence provided a mission the sumption, a REFORGER-type do so? If the latter, then we must frames a debate that must be held festation of our nation’s commit- regular Army alone could ac- exercise to Poland or the Baltic conclude that if we are unwilling in all corners of Washington, as ment. Simply put, America’s complish. Abandoning this strate- states of an armored division to deploy US forces in time of well as the nation it represents, interests end where boots on the gy of deterrence must cause us to would not only provide much peace, we are unwilling to do so and not merely relegated to the ground end. look closely at the daunting chal- needed training, but validate our in time of war, regardless of any E-Ring of the Pentagon. N US Satellites Need More Than Swords and Shields

he 2011 National Security cal space capabilities and jeopar- Senior US leaders have spoken action against a hostile object to by themselves without support T Space Strategy (NSSS) for dize the strategy’s objectives. out against the testing of weapons prevent it from destroying a pro- from the norms, cooperation and protecting US space capa- Russia and China have height- in space that produce long-lived tected object. In the context of resilience elements will likely bilities, passed in 2011, contained ened their counterspace activities. space debris. Greater interna- space, active defenses could make the situation more unstable various elements, including devel- Since 2005, China has conducted tional cooperation has largely mean cyber or electronic warfare and could potentially lead to an oping international norms of at least seven test launches of been limited to situational aware- capabilities to interfere with the arms race instability scenario. behavior, building commercial one, and possibly two, ground- ness data-sharing agreements that ability of an adversary’s ASAT The result would be increased and international coalitions, en- based, kinetic-kill, anti-satellite do little more than formalize the weapon to target and track a threats to everyone’s space sys- hancing the (ASAT) systems that could poten- existing model of a one-way data protected satellite, or kinetic kill tems and increased tensions that resilience of tially reach targets at 36,000 kilo- flow from the American military capabilities that involve destroy- could lead to or escalate conflict. space capa- meters above the equator. to other countries. ing the ASAT weapon before it The US needs to better artic- bilities, deter- There have also been reports There are no public plans for reaches the protected satellite. ulate how it will implement all ring aggres- that Russia may be resuming the US military to include any of Active defensive and offensive elements of the 2011 NSSS and sion against work on air-launched ASAT sys- its allies in the development of counterspace capabilities can how these elements will work critical space tems, although there is no hard new satellite systems or to utilize contribute to the protection of US together. At the same time, the US systems, and evidence in the public domain on allied space capabilities instead of national security space systems, needs to weigh the perspectives preparing to actual testing. However, there is developing its own. And the DoD but only if they are implemented of its allies and the possible con- defeat attacks little detail on what threats these and ODNI have yet to detail a in conjunction with, and in a sequences for the burgeoning and operate in systems might pose to the US. strategy for how to make national manner that reinforces, the other commercial space sector, in the By Brian Weeden, a degraded Over the past three years, the security space capabilities more elements of the strategy. Estab- development of active defensive technical adviser for space environ- DoD and Office of the Director of resilient to attacks. lishing norms of behavior would and offensive counterspace capa- the Secure World ment. National Intelligence (ODNI) have The NDAA for fiscal 2015 directs help sensitize all countries to bilities. Foundation. Language in made modest progress toward an update to the 2011 NSSS to potential vulnerabilities and the Failing to do so will undermine the 2015 Na- implementing the 2011 NSSS. include space control and space dangers of conflict, and build the desired objective of strength- tional Defense Authorization Act Normative efforts on space secu- superiority aspects, and requires critical communication links for ening safety, stability and security (NDAA) suggests new focus on rity have been limited to recom- the majority of the $32.3 million use during a conflict. Building in space, and lead to greater insta- the last two elements — deterring mendations for transparency and allocated to the Space Security stronger international and com- bility for all. N and defeating attacks — in re- confidence-building measures, and Defense Program be used to mercial partnerships, and devel- sponse to what the national secu- voluntary guidelines to enhance develop “offensive space control oping coalition space capabilities n Send your opinion pieces to rity community perceives as a space sustainability, and the Euro- and active defensive strategies with key allies, would also rein- [email protected]. greater counterspace threat from pean Union-led negotiations on and capabilities,” capabilities that force deterrence, assuage allied Submissions must be roughly 800 Russia and China. But doing so at the nonbinding draft International can be thought of as swords and concerns and potentially increase words long and are subject to editing the expense of the other elements Code of Conduct for Space Activ- shields for satellites. resilience. for space and clarity. is likely to increase risks to criti- ities. Active defense includes taking Developing swords and shields 22 DefenseNews January 19, 2015 www.defensenews.com Interview ASD-ISA situation when allies were coming The assistant secretary of defense for to us wanting to contribute. Num- international security affairs: ber one, they see this as a shared n Is the principal adviser to the US DEREK CHOLLET security interest, the effort against secretary and undersecretary of [the Islamic State group]. Events defense on international security just in the last week in Paris only strategy and policy issues related to Assistant US Secretary of Defense underscore that. And also, they the nations and international organiza- recognize their role as responsible tions of Europe, the Middle East, Africa For International Security Affairs partners. That doesn’t mean we and the Western Hemisphere. don’t have huge challenges with n Oversees security cooperation t has been a busy two and a half years for Derek Chollet, as events our European partners, whether it programs, including foreign military Ihave left the White House and Pentagon scrambling to deal with be on their defense budgets, their sales, in these regions. complex issues in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, driven in capabilities, in some cases the Source: US DoD website large part by groups of non-state actors. As the principal adviser on political will. But I tend to see this international issues to the US defense secretary and undersecretary, as largely a good news story. WIN MCNAMEE/GETTY IMAGES Chollet has been in the middle of it all. Elissa Slotkin, principal deputy assistant secretary of defense for Q. And what of the newer Eastern anticipate that any of this training Q. The price of a barrel of oil has fallen international security affairs since 2012, will take over for Chollet, who European and Baltic partners? will require significant US pres- by more than half over the past several is heading to the German Marshall Fund as a counselor and senior A. With some of our newer part- ence. months, and it’s flirting with $50 a adviser. ners, the essential Eastern Euro- barrel. What kind of effect do you think pean partners, one of the things Q. Is the US involved in training the that may have on the activities of Iran, Q. Since you assumed this position, stone relationship for the United that they’ve been asking us for Iraqis to build their proposed new Russia and Venezuela? what have been some of the biggest States writ large. It’s not just help for — and we’ve been willing largely Sunni national guard? A. Particularly those countries shocks for the US government? about European security, it’s to do — is they would like to not A. I don’t think the training has that you named, Russia, Venezue- A. I started this job the first week about US/Europe working togeth- fly Russian helicopters and not begun on the national guard, but la, some others have used the of June 2012, so we were a year- er in North Africa, working to- drive Russian armored vehicles. it’s not the US doing it. Helping riches they were able to acquire plus into the so-called Arab gether in the Middle East, and They’re looking to us for help. train an Iraqi National Guard that due to the high price of oil to fund Spring and dealing with the con- even working together in Asia. Now, those are budget decisions includes Sunni, Shi’a, Kurd, that’s some pretty negative behavior. So tinuing repercussions of this in their governments, they’re consistent with our overall ap- to the extent that it makes those generational change in the Middle Q. So the conversations with European procurement decisions, so they’re proach, obviously, to have an Iraq countries more focused on their East. But Syria, Egypt, Israeli allies have focused on engagement not difficult because, like the United that’s unified. But it’s not the US internal stability and their eco- security issues, Iran, Libya, Iraq only on the continent, but globally? States, all of Europe has suffered doing it directly, or our partners nomic woes, and leaves them less have dominated my time, as well A. In those conversations, we take financial austerity recently. for that matter, the Europeans or time to think about ways that they as the NATO piece of the Afghani- a lot of care to ensure that we’re others. It’s an Iraqi effort. can destabilize neighbors, that’s a stan effort and our relationship working closely with our Euro- Q. Is there any movement toward doing good thing. with Europe, which is an endur- pean partners just as we’re mak- more partnered training activities with Q. What are some of the biggest issues ing effort. A year ago we were ing decisions to ensure that there Ukrainian military? facing your successor in the Middle Q. Several years after the Obama worried about the future of the isn’t a perception that we are A. Yes. We’ve already agreed to East and emerging areas of interest in administration announced its “rebal- trans-Atlantic relationship, how seeking to withdraw at all, be- help the Ukrainians build a na- Africa as far as counterterrorism and ance” to the Asia-Pacific region, where would it be relevant to people. cause it’s the opposite. What tional guard force, and that’s security assistance initiatives? does that stand? It seems the admini- And of course, the events of the we’ve been able to accomplish about $19 million in funds that A. If you look at the swath of stration continues to struggle to ex- last year with Russia and Ukraine with our European partners in the were allocated last year to help do territory from Northern Mali to plain what it’s trying to do. have focused people again on last year alone is a testament to that. That hopefully will be getting the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, A. I think the key word is “bal- threats to European security and that. There is a lot of skepticism underway in the coming months. you have what was known by ance.” It’s not meant in any way to the unfinished business, really, in Washington among the expert We’re very open to the idea that Zbigniew Brzezinski as the “arc of diminish our core relationships in still coming out of the end of the community about Europe and the that becomes a first step in fur- instability.” You have borders that Europe. In fact, our message to Cold War. US being willing to step up togeth- ther training for the Ukrainian matter less and less, non-state our European friends has been er to support Ukraine, to ensure military. That, of course, will actors who are using any means “rebalance with us.” We all have Q. There seems to be a shift afoot in that we have the capability in require additional resources and they can acquire — whether an interest in Asia-Pacific. This US security policy with more and more place in Europe to send a clear we’re going to have to continue weapons or technology and com- isn’t just an American thing. I US training and partner missions in message to Russia that the NATO the conversation with the Ukrai- munications — to try to foment think the difficulty is that it’s a big Eastern Europe but base closures and alliance remains strong and that nians about what they need and instability in that area but also, of strategic play, and is often hard to consolidation in Western Europe. Is we’re all committed to Article V, want. The Ukrainian military, course, to strike outside [that measure in the day-to-day, hour- there any tension there with allies? and that European partners would even before the events of the last region]. There are weak govern- to-hour news cycles that we live A. I see it as a continuing evolu- be willing to put real skin in the year, were too corrupt, not very ments, security threats, pop- in. So you have to just stick with tion of our force posture in game in the fight against [the well run, not very well organized. ulation movements and massive it, be patient about it and un- Europe, as we’re continually Islamic State group]. So we’ve worked very hard to put humanitarian problems — and derstand that the payoff may not trying to make it relevant to mod- in place a good consultative they are all problems that don’t be appreciated for another several ern threats. Also, the evolution in Q. France, the UK, Belgium, Canada, mechanism with the Ukrainians to know our bureaucratic stove- years, decades perhaps. our discussion with our European Denmark and the Netherlands ap- talk about their defense needs. pipes, so that can be a challenge. The theory coming in for this allies about the division of labor peared eager to take part in Operation I think the other challenge will administration was that we have between us. Despite all these Inherent Resolve against the Islamic Q. In building this national guard force, be what Russia is doing. On the been out of balance coming into changes and the efficiencies that State group in Iraq and Syria. would US soldiers be in Ukraine doing security side of it, where could the end of the 2000s, and that we we’re gaining by closing certain A. The fact that so many European the training, or would this be some- this lead, and how does this make had expended far too many re- facilities [in Europe], while also partners sought us out to contrib- where else in Europe? us think anew about European sources on wars in the Middle improving infrastructure in other ute in a meaningful way militarily A. It would largely be elsewhere. security issues and the relation- East. And while that was happen- parts of Europe and rotating in the efforts in Iraq and Syria is There are parts of Ukraine in the ships and the force posture issues ing, a big shift in geopolitics was forces through Central and East- significant. I think, frankly, it’s West that are far away from the or the defense spending issues? occurring that we were not as ern Europe, the bottom line is underappreciated. This was not fighting where we and NATO have One big challenge is how that much a part of as we should’ve we’re still deeply committed to something where the US was done exercises. So there are facil- conversation takes place within been. N European security. The trans- going around the world pressur- ities in Ukraine, but we can also the context of smaller budgets. Atlantic relationship is the corner- ing allies to contribute. This is a do it outside of the country. I don’t So, how we do more with less. By Paul McLeary in Washington.