Pre and Post Soviet's Language Policy
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Contours and Consequences of the Lexical Divide in Ukrainian
Geoffrey Hull and Halyna Koscharsky1 Contours and Consequences of the Lexical Divide in Ukrainian When compared with its two large neighbours, Russian and Polish, the Ukrainian language presents a picture of striking internal variation. Not only are Ukrainian dialects more mutually divergent than those of Polish or of territorially more widespread Russian,2 but on the literary level the language has long been characterized by the existence of two variants of the standard which have never been perfectly harmonized, in spite of the efforts of nationalist writers for a century and a half. While Ukraine’s modern standard language is based on the eastern dialect of the Kyiv-Poltava-Kharkiv triangle, the literary Ukrainian cultivated by most of the diaspora communities continues to follow to a greater or lesser degree the norms of the Lviv koiné in 1 The authors would like to thank Dr Lance Eccles of Macquarie University for technical assistance in producing this paper. 2 De Bray (1969: 30-35) identifies three main groups of Russian dialects, but the differences are the result of internal evolutionary divergence rather than of external influences. The popular perception is that Russian has minimal dialectal variation compared with other major European languages. Maximilian Fourman (1943: viii), for instance, told students of Russian that the language ‘is amazingly uniform; the same language is spoken over the vast extent of the globe where the flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics flies; and you will be understood whether you are speaking to a peasant or a university professor. There are no dialects to bother you, although, of course, there are parts of the Soviet Union where Russian may be spoken rather differently, as, for instance, English is spoken differently by a Londoner, a Scot, a Welshman, an Irishman, or natives of Yorkshire or Cornwall. -
The Ethno-Linguistic Situation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory at the Beginning of the Third Millennium
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Siberian Federal University Digital Repository Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 7 (2011 4) 919-929 ~ ~ ~ УДК 81-114.2 The Ethno-Linguistic Situation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory at the Beginning of the Third Millennium Olga V. Felde* Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia 1 Received 4.07.2011, received in revised form 11.07.2011, accepted 18.07.2011 This article presents the up-to-date view of ethno-linguistic situation in polylanguage and polycultural the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The functional typology of languages of this Siberian region has been given; historical and proper linguistic causes of disequilibrum of linguistic situation have been developed; the objects for further study of this problem have been specified. Keywords: majority language, minority languages, native languages, languages of ethnic groups, diaspora languages, communicative power of the languages. Point Krasnoyarsk Territory which area (2339,7 thousand The study of ethno-linguistic situation in square kilometres) could cover the third part of different parts of the world, including Russian Australian continent. Sociolinguistic examination Federation holds a prominent place in the range of of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is important for the problems of present sociolinguistics. This field of solution of a number of the following theoretical scientific knowledge is represented by the works and practical objectives: for revelation of the of such famous scholars as V.M. Alpatov (1999), characteristics of communicative space of the A.A. Burikin (2004), T.G. Borgoyakova (2002), country and its separate regions, for monitoring V.V. -
Linguistic Typology, Vol
Edinburgh Research Explorer Depth, brilliance, clarity Citation for published version: Iosad, P, Koptjevskaja-tamm, M, Piperski, A & Sitchinava, D 2018, 'Depth, brilliance, clarity: Andrey Anatolyevich Zaliznyak (1935–2017)', Linguistic Typology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0006 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1515/lingty-2018-0006 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Linguistic Typology Publisher Rights Statement: The following article: Iosad, P., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M., Piperski, A., et al. (2018). Depth, brilliance, clarity: Andrey Anatolyevich Zaliznyak (1935–2017) . Linguistic Typology, 22(1), pp. 175-184 has been originally published at: https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0006 General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 08. Oct. 2021 Linguistic Typology 2018; 22(1): 175–184 Obituary Pavel Iosad, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm*, Alexander Piperski and Dmitri Sitchinava Depth, brilliance, clarity: Andrey Anatolyevich Zaliznyak (1935–2017) https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0006 The renowned Russian linguist, a fellow of the Russian Academy of Sciences Andrey A. -
Life Science Journal 2014;11(7S) Http
Life Science Journal 2014;11(7s) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Some results of the research system-synchronous modern dialect of the Tatar language Ferits Yusupovich Yusupov and Irina Sovetovna Karabulatova Kazan Federal University, Tatarstan str, 2, Kazan, 420021, Russian Federation Abstract. This article analyzes the study of modern dialects of the Tatar language. The authors were carried out dialectological expeditions over the years of various regions of residing Tatars. The authors have drawn parallels with the different groups of Turkic languages. The specific layer is highlighted in the diasystem, which we nominally call as oguzizms. They belong to archaism category and have the anachronistic character. Their presence in all specific systems shows that these forms were frequently used, but later they were superseded by “rival” forms. It seems probable that these forms were derived from old-Kipchak language. Nowadays they are considered as the old-Turkic layer of origins. The authors provide new classification parameters to allocate Tatar dialects. [Yusupov F.Y., Karabulatova I.S. Some results of the research system-synchronous modern dialect of the Tatar language Life Sci J 2014;11(7s):246-] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50 Keywords: Turkology, Tatar language, modern dialect, Classificatory features of dialects, verb Introduction the formation of infinitive forms from archaic action Researchers are studying the Turkic nouns (as uku faydaly / reading is useful) and languages from different positions. However, the main participles. The formation of participles became line of research is based on the ethnography of complicated by means of additional morphological speaking and contrastive linguistics. The first is features as a result of grammatical designation of directed represented widely in the American studies. -
TORE NESSET How Russian Came to Be the Way It Is 2015 Review By
BOOK REVIEW TORE NESSET, How Russian Came to Be the Way It Is. A Student’s Guide to the History of the Russian Language, Bloomington, Indiana: Slavica Publishers, 2015, 361 pp. Tore Nesset’s How Russian Came to Be the Way It Is provides a compact introduction to the history of Russian for readers with different interests and academic backgrounds. On the one hand, it is a welcome and attractive textbook for students of Russian linguistics. On the other hand, the book can serve as a useful tool for those who are already specialists in, for instance, general linguistics, Modern Russian language, Russian history or Russian literature and would like to get acquainted with the main developments in the history of the Russian language. Nesset points out the relevance of historical linguistics for students of Russian, and he has indeed succeeded in creating an inspiring, motivating and pedagogical material. A basic knowledge of Modern Russian is, however, necessary in order to take in the information – and enjoy it. The structure of the book is very clear. In the Introduction the author addresses different types of readers from students to scholars, but motivates students of Russian by promising answers to many problematic exceptions in Russian grammar. The main pedagogical idea of the book is that “today’s exceptions are yesterday’s rules”. Knowledge of the history of Russian strengthens students’ language skills in contemporary Russian. The book may be read from cover to cover or the reader may pick up separate chapters or sections. The first three chapters give background information on history, literature and linguistics. -
Jewish, Tatar and Karaite Communal Dialects and Their Importance for Byelorussian Historical Linguistics*
THE JOURNAL OF BYELORUSSIAN STUDIES 41 Jewish, Tatar and Karaite communal dialects and their Importance for Byelorussian Historical Linguistics* BY PAUL WEXLER Almost every speech community comprises dialects which are geographically, socially and sometimes even ethnically defined. The historical linguist can to some degree reconstruct the geographical relationship of dialects in earlier periods by comparing modern day dialect groupings with the language of older texts written in the same territories. The student of Byelorussian historical dialectology is in a relatively favourable position since he has at his disposal numerous descriptive monographs and dialect atlases for most areas of Byelorussia: cf. e.g., the first dialect atlas published by P. Buzuk, Sproba linhvistycnaje hieahrafii Bielarusi, I, Minsk, 1928, and the more comprehensive Dyjalektalahicny atlas bielaruskaj movy, Minsk, 1963, edited by R. I. Avanesau et al. (henceforth abbreviated as DABM).1 On the other hand, social and ethnic differentiation within the speech community is much more difficult to reconstruct and hence is usually totally ignored by historical linguists. In this regard, Christian S. Stang, the eminent Norwegian Slavicist, seems to be alone in suggesting the desirability of reconstructing both the geographical and social parameters of Old Byelorussian (see his Die westrussische Kanzleisprache des Grossfilrstentums Litauen, Oslo, 1935, p. 125). The purpose of the present paper is twofold: (1) to explore the possibility of reconstructing the broad outlines -
The Sociolinguistics of Variation in Odessan Russian
The Sociolinguistics of Variation in Odessan Russian Lenore A. Grenoble Of course, Odessa had a common lingua franca; and, of course, this was a language of Slavic descent; but I deny with indignation the widely held misunderstanding that this was corrupted Russian. First of all—not corrupted; second—not Russian. —Zhabotinskii, “My Capital”1 1. Introduction Odessan Russian (OdR) is a contact variety of Russian that emerged with massive immigration into the region that is currently Odessa, officially founded in 1794. It was robustly spoken at the beginning of the 20th century by some but not all segments of the population; since WW II it has been in steady decline. OdR is a contact variety, with substrate influences from Yiddish, Ukrainian, and Polish. The impact of contact can be seen in all linguistic levels (phonological, lexical, morphological, and syntactic), as well as lexical borrowing from other languages, including French, Greek, and Turkic. Today OdR is an endangered dialect with speakers concentrated in Brighton Beach, Research was funded by the Humanities Division of the University of Chicago. To verify some of the more salient features of Odessan Russian, in 2010 I conducted fieldwork in Brighton Beach with Jessica Kantarovich, who was instrumental both in data collection and analysis. My own thinking on this topic has benefited enormously from many lengthy discussions of the material with Barry Scherr, who also pointed me to critical Odessan literary works. In particular the topic of variation in Odessan Russian attracted our mutual interest and thus seems a worthy subject to explore in the present article. -
The Position of the Dialect of Varzuga in the Russian Dialect Landscape
MARGJE POST The Position of the Dialect of Varzuga in the Russian Dialect Landscape Until recently, few researchers had studied the archaic Russian dialects of the Kola Peninsula. In 2001 and 2004, slavists from the University of Tromsø carried out dialectological field work on the Ter Coast of Kola Peninsula. On our first expedition we were joined by colleagues from Moscow. In 2004, the universities of Tromsø and Bochum received funding from NFR (Norway) and DAAD (Germany) to set up a coopera- tion project for the study of the endangered Russian dialects around the White Sea. This autumn, dr. Christian Sappok from Bochum University combined his visit to Tromsø with a joint field work expedition to the villages of Varzuga and Kuzomen' on the Ter Coast. Our studies have so far resulted in a Master's thesis (Pétursdóttir 2003) and a range of short articles, part of which has been published in this journal (vols. 4, 5 and the present volume). In due course I hope to finish my PhD dissertation about the dialect of the village of Varzuga. In the present article I will discuss the position of the Varzuga dia- lect in the Russian dialect landscape. Comparisons between dialects tell us how a dialect relates to other dialects: how isolated it is, and which dialects it is most closely related to. Areal linguistic studies also give in- formation about the historical ties of the dialect and its speakers to other regions and about their cultural background. The people of Varzuga and the other villages around the White Coast lived relatively isolated from the rest of the Russian world, and their closeness to the sea, their contact with different cultures and the poor conditions for agriculture led to the development of a distinct coastal, Pomor culture. -
Nominal Constructions in Slavic and Beyond, Edited by L. Schürcks, U
Nominal constructions in Slavic and beyond, edited by L. Schürcks, U. 13 October Etxeberria, A.Giannakidou, & P. Kosta. 2011 Slavic Clitic Systems in a Typological Perspective1 Peter Kosta and Anton Zimmerling 1. Aims and framework 2. Clitic clusters 2.1. The Internal Structure of Slavic NPs/DPs and Cliticization 2.2. Clusters and the Template Principle 2.3. Clause-level Clitics and Clusterization in Slavic 2.4. Syntactic Clitics and Prosodic Clitics 2.5. Areal Slavic Types of a Clitic Template 2.6. 2P Clitics and Non-clusterizing Clitics 2.7. Comp/XP as a Universal Clitic Basis and Constituency Conditions 2.8. Tobler-Musaffia‘s Law, 2P-clitics and VA-clitics Revisited 3. Barrier Theory and Derived Word Orders with Clitics 3.1. Blind and Selective Barriers 3.2. Communicative and Grammaticalized Barriers 3.3. Barriers and Verb Movement 3.4. Barriers and Clitic Movement 3.5. Multiple Barriers and Blocking of the Barrier Effect 4. Slavic Word Order Systems 4.1. Standard W-systems 4.2. W+-systems 4.3. W*-systems 4.4. C-systems 4.5. The Unity and Diversity of Slavic Word Order Systems 5. Slavic VA Clitics as Strong 2P clitics: the VA vs 2P Distinction Revisited 6. Further Problems and Perspectives: Possessor Raising 7. Conclusions 1 We are thankful to the FDSL-08 audience for a fruitful discussion and express personal gratitude to Guglielmo Cinque, Anastasia Giannakidou, Gaspar Ilc, Ilyana Krapova, Gilbert Rappaport, Lilia Schürcks, Radek Šimík and Hannu Tommola for the their comments. We are particularly indebted to Lilia Schürcks who consulted us with Bulgarian data. -
East Slavic Dialectology: Achievements and Perspectives of Areal Linguistics
East Slavic Dialectology: Achievements and Perspectives of Areal Linguistics Björn Wiemer & Ilja A. Seržant 1. Introductory remarks The aim of this introductory chapter is to provide uptodate insights into East Slavic dialectological tradition against a background of dialectologi cal traditions and areal linguistics in Western Europe. We have also tried to take insights from areal typology and theorizing on language contact into account. Because of this perspective, we have tried to keep sight of the chronology of approaches and goals in dialectological research since the nineteenth century, and we focus in particular on the evolution of dialect geography, as we consider it to be a kind of linkage between dia lectology and areal linguistics (and typology). The main idea behind this paper and the volume in general is to foster the integration of dialectol ogy into other linguistic subdisciplines. We will argue below that (areal) typology, theory of language contact, historical linguistics and various approaches to grammar may considerably benefit from dialectology and, of course, vice versa. The structure of this introduction is as follows. We start with a sketch of the main lines along which dialectology in Western Europe (1.1–1.2) and in East Slavic countries (1.3) has been developing. This sketch is also meant to highlight the ideological orientations and more global research endeavours within which dialectology has been embedded. The first sec tion ends with a critical assessment of one of the most neglected fields of dialectology, namely dialectal syntax (1.4), emphasizing the importance of annotated dialectal corpora for progress in contemporary dialecto logical research. -
Ethno-Lingual Aspect of Modern Functioning of Russian Dialects in North Kazakhstan (On an Example of Kostanai Region)
World Applied Sciences Journal 27 (Education, Law, Economics, Language and Communication): 137-140, 2013 ISSN 1818-4952 © IDOSI Publications, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.27.elelc.28 Ethno-Lingual Aspect of Modern Functioning of Russian Dialects in North Kazakhstan (On an Example of Kostanai Region) 1Irina Sovetovna Karabulatova, 1 Flera Sagitovna Sayfulina and 2Bigaysha Zeynulyevna Akhmetova 1Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia 2Kostanai State University Named A. Baytursynov, Kostanai, Kazakhstan Submitted: Oct 28, 2013; Accepted: Dec 17, 2013; Published: Dec 20, 2013 Abstract: Modern functioning of Russian dialects of North Kazakhstan has been analyzed in the article. Research has been carried out on the base of data of dialect expeditions governed by authors. Ethnography of descendants of Russian immigrants’ speech allows defining ethno-lingual specifics of Russian language functioning in Turkic environment. Authors consider a certain usages of modern Russian dialects in Kostanai region, define their localization, note specifics that remain from mother dialects and manifested as a result of contacts with Turkic languages. Authors come to a conclusion that native speakers of Russian dialects in North Kazakhstan are example of Russian Turkic-speaking person. Key words: Ethno-linguistics Anthropology Speech ethnography North Kazakhstan Russians Kazakhs Interference Russian dialects Mother dialects INTRODUCTION There are certain parallels between the research of language functioning and culture of aboriginal peoples of Ethno-lingual research in modern science American continent and post-Soviet space [4, 5, 6]. originates from the works of American scientists who For example researchers of Russian-Kazakhstan studied Indians. Since that time areal research has near-border territories note that native speakers of been becoming more and more topical [1]. -
Pilot Description of Phonetic Features of Canadian Doukhobor Russian the Proposed Presentation Focuses on the Phonetic Character
Pilot description of phonetic features of Canadian Doukhobor Russian The proposed presentation focuses on the phonetic characteristics of Doukhobor Russian speech. Doukhobors are a religious, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural minority who immigrated to Canada from Russia in 1899 Canadian Doukhobor Russian is a unique language spoken by this minority. The language is not found anywhere else in the world and is on the brink of extinction. In some families descending from the original 8,000 Doukhobor settlers, Doukhobor Russian is still maintained, although the numbers of Doukhobor Russian speakers and dwindling, and most fluent speakers are in the age group between 60 and 90 years old. There are about 200-300 fluent speakers of Doukhobor Russian still remaining in Canada, most of them residing in British Columbia, and a few – in Saskatchewan. There are also a few speakers remaining in Saskatchewan. The unique features of Canadian Doukhobor Russian stem from a lexico- grammatical base of 19th century central and southern Russian dialects, combined with loan words from Ukrainian, Canadian English and languages of Transcaucasia: Georgian, Armenian, Azerbaijani (Makarova, 2012). No detailed phonetic descriptions of Doukhobor Russian are available to date. The objective of the study was to outline differences between Doukhobor and Standard Russian at segmental level. The presentation reports the results of an experimental phonetic (acoustic and auditory) study of segmental quality in the speech of ten speakers of Canadian Doukhobor Russian (4