Every Piece of Artillery, Every Wagon and Tent and Supporting Line of Troops Were in Easy Range of Our Vision
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Shenandoah Telecommunications Company
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D. C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from__________ to __________ Commission File No.: 000-09881 SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Virginia 54-1162807 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 500 Shentel Way, Edinburg, Virginia 22824 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (540) 984-4141 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT: Common Stock (No Par Value) SHEN NASDAQ Global Select Market 49,932,073 (The number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding on (Title of Class) (Trading Symbol) (Name of Exchange on which Registered) February 23, 2021) SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT: NONE Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Note - Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act from their obligations under those Sections. -
Syntectonic Deposition of Lower to Middle Silurian Sandstones, Central Shenandoah Valley, Virginia W
Vol. 24 February 1978 No. 1 SYNTECTONIC DEPOSITION OF LOWER TO MIDDLE SILURIAN SANDSTONES, CENTRAL SHENANDOAH VALLEY, VIRGINIA W. P. Roberts1 and J. S. Kite2 The stratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician to It is proposed that the differences in thickness Middle Silurian rocks of the Massanutten between the quartz arenite formations to the west of synclinorium in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia the Shenandoah Valley and the Massanutten contrasts sharply with the stratigraphy in the Sandstone are, at least partially, a result of defor- folded part of the Valley and Ridge province to the mation penecontemporaneously with deposition west (Figure 1).Five formations between the top of during the Taconic orogeny. Downfolding may have the Martinsburg Formation (Middle and Upper begun in the Massanutten synclinorium area while Ordovician) and the top of the Keefer Sandstone an arch may have been forming to the west (Figure (Middle Silurian) crop out in the Cove Mountain 2) (Rader and Perry, 1976). Assuming such a outcrop belt to the west of the Shenandoah Valley, pattern of deformation, the thickness of the quartz whereas the Massanutten Sandstone represents the sand deposits should be greater in the synclinal same time span in Massanutten Mountain (Figure 2). trough than over the arch. The direction of current Only two of the formations that are exposed west flow should also have been influenced by the of the Shenandoah Valley, the Tuscarora Formation tectonics. Currents would probably flow down the and the Keefer Sandstone, contain quartz arenite in axis of a synclinal trough whereas they would flow the same abundance as that found in the Massa- away from the crest of an arch. -
A Guide to Information Sources and Services on the Civil War, 1984-1991. PUB DATE Dec 91 NOTE 52P.; M.L.S
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 352 062 IR 054 302 AUTHOR Rother, Jeffrey A. TITLE A Guide to Information Sources and Services on the Civil War, 1984-1991. PUB DATE Dec 91 NOTE 52p.; M.L.S. Thesis, Kent State University. PUB TYPE Dissertations/Theses Masters Theses (042) Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibliographies; Books; *Civil War (United States); Databases; *Information Sources; Organizations (Groups); Periodicals; Reference Materials; Theses; *United States History IDENTIFIERS *Military History ABSTRACT This research paper is both an annotated bibliography of books and dissertations on the Civil War that were published between 1984-1991, and an annotated guide to currently-available periodicals, online databases, and organizations. The bibliography and guide are aimed primarily at historians and Civil War buffs. Because of the large number of books on the Civil War being published, only the military history of the War and topics directly related to military history are covered. The 12 reference works that are annotated include bibliographies, dictionaries, encyclopedias, atlases, and biographical sketches. The 40 topical studies covered focus on campaigns, battles, and the military life. Book annotations are both descriptive and evaluative. The bibliography also includes 10 dissertations on the military history of the war. Seven periodicals which serve Civil War historians and buffs are briefly described, and six online bibliographic databases are given descriptive annotations. The guide concludes with descriptions of 10 organizations that sponsor or encourage research, educational, or historical activities relating to the Civil War. The paper includes an author and title index of annotated materials. (Contains 21 references.) (Author/KRN) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. -
Follow in Lincoln's Footsteps in Virginia
FOLLOW IN LINCOLN’S FOOTSTEPS IN VIRGINIA A 5 Day tour of Virginia that follows in Lincoln’s footsteps as he traveled through Central Virginia. Day One • Begin your journey at the Winchester-Frederick County Visitor Center housing the Civil War Orientation Center for the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District. Become familiar with the onsite interpretations that walk visitors through the stages of the local battles. • Travel to Stonewall Jackson’s Headquarters. Located in a quiet residential area, this Victorian house is where Jackson spent the winter of 1861-62 and planned his famous Valley Campaign. • Enjoy lunch at The Wayside Inn – serving travelers since 1797, meals are served in eight antique filled rooms and feature authentic Colonial favorites. During the Civil War, soldiers from both the North and South frequented the Wayside Inn in search of refuge and friendship. Serving both sides in this devastating conflict, the Inn offered comfort to all who came and thus was spared the ravages of the war, even though Stonewall Jackson’s famous Valley Campaign swept past only a few miles away. • Tour Belle Grove Plantation. Civil War activity here culminated in the Battle of Cedar Creek on October 19, 1864 when Gen. Sheridan’s counterattack ended the Valley Campaign in favor of the Northern forces. The mansion served as Union headquarters. • Continue to Lexington where we’ll overnight and enjoy dinner in a local restaurant. Day Two • Meet our guide in Lexington and tour the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). The VMI Museum presents a history of the Institute and the nation as told through the lives and services of VMI Alumni and faculty. -
Issue of Play on October 4 & 5 at the "The 6 :,53"
I the 'It, 980 6:53 OCTOBER !li AMTRAK... ... now serving BRYAN and LOVELAND ... returns to INDIA,NAPOLIS then turns em away Amtrak's LAKE SHORE LIMITED With appropriate "first trip" is now making regular stops inaugural festivities, Amtrak every day at BRYAN in north introduced daily operation of western Ohio. The westbound its new HOOSIER STATE on the train stops at 11:34am and 1st of October between IND the eastbound train stops at IANAPOLIS and CHICAGO. Sev 8:15pm. eral OARP members were on the Amtrak's SHENANDOAH inaugural trip, including Ray is now stopping daily at a Kline, Dave Marshall and Nick new station stop in suburban Noe. Complimentary champagne Cincinnati. The eastbound was served to all passengers SHENANDOAH stops at LOVELAND and Amtrak public affairs at 7:09pm and the westbound representatives passed out train stops at 8:15am. A m- Amtrak literature. One of trak began both new stops on the Amtrak reps was also pas Sunday, October 26th. Sev sing out OARP brochures! [We eral OARP members were on don't miss an opportunity!] hand at both stations as the Our members reported that the "first trains" rolled in. inaugural round trip was a OARP has supported both new good one, with on-time oper station stops and we are ation the whole way. Tracks glad they have finally come permit 70mph speeds much of about. Both communities are the way and the only rough supportive of their new Am track was noted near Chicago. trak service. How To Find Amtrak held another in its The Station Maps for both series of FAMILY DAYS with BRYAN qnd LOVELAND will be much equipment on public dis fopnd' inside this issue of play on October 4 & 5 at the "the 6 :,53". -
150 Years Ago in the Civil War, June 1862
150 Years Ago in the Civil War, June 1862 Three major campaigns continued in this month: Peninsular Campaign—the Union used their naval superiority to land their army SE of Richmond and move NW to attempt to capture the Confederate capital and thus end the war. Union forces were led by Gen George McClellan. CSA forces were led by Gen R.E. Lee. Jackson’s Valley Campaign--CSA Gen Stonewall Jackson conducted a brilliant campaign of maneuver to keep vastly superior Union forces in the Shenandoah Valley, thus they were unable to reinforce McClellan in the Peninsula Campaign. Union Naval Campaign—action begun by President Lincoln at the start of the war called for blockading the Confederate coast and isolating the Confederate Armies from their supply and troop base by systematically gaining control of the southern river system. June 1-- General Robert E. Lee takes command of the Army of Northern Virginia after General J.E. Johnston is wounded June 3--Evacuation of Fort Pillow, Tennessee June 4--Southern planters burn cotton shipments on Yazoo River to keep them from Union hands June 6--Battle of Memphis, Tennessee June 7--William Mumford hanged in New Orleans for destroying the U.S. flag June 8--Battle of Cross Keys, Virginia, Valley Campaign, CSA victory June 9--Battle of Port Republic, Virginia, Valley Campaign, CSA victory June 12--J.E.B. Stuart begins his "Ride around McClellan", Peninsular Campaign June 13--Federals, after a brief skirmish, occupy Romney, Virginia (now West Virginia) Skirmish at New Market, Virginia June 16--Engagement at Secessionville, South Carolina, Union Naval Campaign, CSA victory June 19--Lincoln signs a law prohibiting slavery in the Western territories June 25--Seven Days Battles begin at Oak Grove (French's Field), Virginia, Peninsular Campaign, CSA victory June 26--Battle of Mechanicsville, Ellerson's Mill, (Beaver Dam Creek), Virginia, Peninsular Campaign, CSA victory June 27--Battle of Gaines' Mill (First Cold Harbor), Virginia, Peninsular Campaign, CSA victory June 28--Passage of Vicksburg batteries by Flag Officer D.G. -
Timeline 1864
CIVIL WAR TIMELINE 1864 January Radical Republicans are hostile to Lincoln’s policies, fearing that they do not provide sufficient protection for ex-slaves, that the 10% amnesty plan is not strict enough, and that Southern states should demonstrate more significant efforts to eradicate the slave system before being allowed back into the Union. Consequently, Congress refuses to recognize the governments of Southern states, or to seat their elected representatives. Instead, legislators begin to work on their own Reconstruction plan, which will emerge in July as the Wade-Davis Bill. [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/states/sf_timeline.html] [http://www.blackhistory.harpweek.com/4Reconstruction/ReconTimeline.htm] Congress now understands the Confederacy to be the face of a deeply rooted cultural system antagonistic to the principles of a “free labor” society. Many fear that returning home rule to such a system amounts to accepting secession state by state and opening the door for such malicious local legislation as the Black Codes that eventually emerge. [Hunt] Jan. 1 TN Skirmish at Dandridge. Jan. 2 TN Skirmish at LaGrange. Nashville is in the grip of a smallpox epidemic, which will carry off a large number of soldiers, contraband workers, and city residents. It will be late March before it runs its course. Jan 5 TN Skirmish at Lawrence’s Mill. Jan. 10 TN Forrest’s troops in west Tennessee are said to have collected 2,000 recruits, 400 loaded Wagons, 800 beef cattle, and 1,000 horses and mules. Most observers consider these numbers to be exaggerated. “ The Mississippi Squadron publishes a list of the steamboats destroyed on the Mississippi and its tributaries during the war: 104 ships were burned, 71 sunk. -
Civil War Generals Buried in Spring Grove Cemetery by James Barnett
Spring Grove Cemetery, once characterized as blending "the elegance of a park with the pensive beauty of a burial-place," is the final resting- place of forty Cincinnatians who were generals during the Civil War. Forty For the Union: Civil War Generals Buried in Spring Grove Cemetery by James Barnett f the forty Civil War generals who are buried in Spring Grove Cemetery, twenty-three had advanced from no military experience whatsoever to attain the highest rank in the Union Army. This remarkable feat underscores the nature of the Northern army that suppressed the rebellion of the Confed- erate states during the years 1861 to 1865. Initially, it was a force of "inspired volunteers" rather than a standing army in the European tradition. Only seven of these forty leaders were graduates of West Point: Jacob Ammen, Joshua H. Bates, Sidney Burbank, Kenner Garrard, Joseph Hooker, Alexander McCook, and Godfrey Weitzel. Four of these seven —Burbank, Garrard, Mc- Cook, and Weitzel —were in the regular army at the outbreak of the war; the other three volunteered when the war started. Only four of the forty generals had ever been in combat before: William H. Lytle, August Moor, and Joseph Hooker served in the Mexican War, and William H. Baldwin fought under Giuseppe Garibaldi in the Italian civil war. This lack of professional soldiers did not come about by chance. When the Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia in 1787, its delegates, who possessed a vast knowledge of European history, were determined not to create a legal basis for a standing army. The founding fathers believed that the stand- ing armies belonging to royalty were responsible for the endless bloody wars that plagued Europe. -
Civil War Chronological History for 1864 (150Th Anniversary) February
Civil War Chronological History for 1864 (150th Anniversary) February 17 Confederate submarine Hunley sinks Union warship Housatonic off Charleston. February 20 Union forces defeated at Olustee, Florida (the now famous 54th Massachusetts took part). March 15 The Red River campaign in Louisiana started by Federal forces continued into May. Several battles eventually won by the Confederacy. April 12 Confederates recapture Ft. Pillow, Tennessee. April 17 Grant stops prisoner exchange increasing Confederate manpower shortage. April 30 Confederates defeat Federals at Jenkins Ferry, Arkansas and force them to withdraw to Little Rock. May 5 Battle of the Wilderness, Virginia. May 8‐21 Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia (heaviest battle May 12‐13). May 13 Battle at Resaca, Georgia as Sherman heads toward Atlanta. May 15 Battle of New Market, Virginia. May 25 Four day battle at New Hope Church, Georgia. June 1‐3 Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia. Grants forces severely repulsed. June 10 Federals lose at Brice’s Crossroads, Mississippi. June 19 Siege of Petersburg, Virginia by Grant’s forces. June 19 Confederate raider, Alabama, sunk by United States warship off Cherbourg, France. June 27 Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia. July 12 Confederates reach the outskirts of Washington, D.C. but are forced to withdraw. July 15 Battle of Tupelo, Mississippi. July 20 Battle of Peachtree Creek, Georgia. July 30 Battle of the Crater, Confederates halt breakthrough. August 1 Admiral Farragut wins battle of Mobile Bay for the Union. September 1 Confederates evacuate Atlanta. September 2 Sherman occupies Atlanta. September 4 Sherman orders civilians out of Atlanta. September 19 Battle at Winchester, Virginia. -
Confederate Forces at the Same Time
CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Shenandoah Valley Map 1864 CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 1 of 83 Table of Contents Shenandoah Valley Map 1864 ...................................................................................................................... 0 Shenandoah 1864 by Jonathan Sebastian .................................................................................................... 3 Lower Shenandoah Valley ............................................................................................................................. 9 Army of the Shenandoah ............................................................................................................................ 10 Army of the Valley....................................................................................................................................... 11 Maps ........................................................................................................................................................... 12 Overview Shenandoah Valley Campaigns May-June 1864 ..................................................................... 12 Battle of New Market Map 1 .................................................................................................................. 13 Battle of New Market Map 2 .................................................................................................................. 14 Battle of New Market Map 3 ................................................................................................................. -
The Battle of Sailor's Creek
THE BATTLE OF SAILOR’S CREEK: A STUDY IN LEADERSHIP A Thesis by CLOYD ALLEN SMITH JR. Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December 2005 Major Subject: History THE BATTLE OF SAILOR’S CREEK: A STUDY IN LEADERSHIP A Thesis by CLOYD ALLEN SMITH JR. Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved by: Chair of Committee, Joseph Dawson Committee Members, James Bradford Joseph Cerami Head of Department, Walter L. Buenger December 2005 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT The Battle of Sailor’s Creek: A Study in Leadership. (December 2005) Cloyd Allen Smith Jr., B.A., Slippery Rock University Chair: Dr. Joseph Dawson The Battle of Sailor’s Creek, 6 April 1865, has been overshadowed by Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House several days later, yet it is an example of the Union military war machine reaching its apex of war making ability during the Civil War. Through Ulysses S. Grant’s leadership and that of his subordinates, the Union armies, specifically that of the Army of the Potomac, had been transformed into a highly motivated, organized and responsive tool of war, led by confident leaders who understood their commander’s intent and were able to execute on that intent with audacious initiative in the absence of further orders. After Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia escaped from Petersburg and Richmond on 2 April 1865, Grant’s forces chased after Lee’s forces with the intent of destroying the mighty and once feared iv protector of the Confederate States in the hopes of bringing a swift end to the long war. -
Catoctin Formation
Glimpses of the Past: THE GEOLOGY of VIRGINIA The Catoctin Formation — Virginia is for Lavas Alex Johnson and Chuck Bailey, Department of Geology, College of William & Mary Stony Man is a high peak in Virginia’s Blue Ridge Mountains that tops out at just over 1200 m (4,000’). Drive south from Thornton Gap along the Skyline Drive and you’ll see the impressive cliffs of Stony Man’s northwestern face. These are the cliffs that give the mountain its name, as the cliffs and slopes have a vague resemblance to a reclining man’s forehead, eye, nose, and beard. Climb to the top and you’ll see peculiar bluish-green rocks exposed on the summit that are ancient lava flows, part of a geologic unit known as the Catoctin Formation. From the presidential retreat at Camp David to Jefferson’s Monticello, from Harpers Ferry to Humpback Rocks, the Catoctin Formation underlies much of the Blue Ridge. This distinctive geologic unit tells us much about the long geologic history of the Blue Ridge and central Appalachians. Stony Man’s summit and northwestern slope, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Cliffs expose metabasaltic greenstone of the Neoproterozoic Catoctin Formation. (CMB photo). Geologic cross section of Stony Man summit area (modified from Badger, 1999). The Catoctin Formation was first named by Arthur Keith in 1894 and takes its name for exposures on Catoctin Mountain, a long ridge that stretches from Maryland into northern Virginia. The word Catoctin is rooted in the old Algonquin term Kittockton. The exact meaning of the term has become a point of contention; among historians the translation “speckled mountain” is preferred, however local tradition holds that that Catoctin means “place of many deer” (Kenny, 1984).