The Caroline Islands Script
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Kiribati Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity
KIRIBATI FOURTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Aranuka Island (Gilbert Group) Picture by: Raitiata Cati Prepared by: Environment and Conservation Division - MELAD 20 th September 2010 1 Contents Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS .................................................... 8 1.1 Geography and geological setting of Kiribati ......................................................................................... 8 1.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Status of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.1 Soil ................................................................................................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Water Resources .......................................................................................................................... -
IOM Micronesia
IOM Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia Republic of the Marshall Islands Republic of Palau Newsletter, July 2018 - April 2019 IOM staff Nathan Glancy inspects a damaged house in Chuuk during the JDA. Credit: USAID, 2019 Typhoon Wutip Destruction Typhoon Wutip passed over Pohnpei, Chuuk, and Yap States, FSM between 19 and 22 February with winds of 75–80 mph and gusts of up to 100 mph. Wutip hit the outer islands of Chuuk State, including the ‘Northwest’ islands (Houk, Poluwat, Polap, Tamatam and Onoun) and the ‘Lower and ‘Middle’ Mortlocks islands, as well as the outer islands of Yap (Elato, Fechailap, Lamotrek, Piig and Satawal) before continuing southwest of Guam and slowly dissipating by the end of February. FSM President, H.E. Peter M. Christian issued a Declaration of Disaster on March 11 and requested international assistance to respond to the damage caused by the typhoon. Consistent with the USAID/FEMA Operational Blueprint for Disaster Relief and Reconstruction in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), a Joint Damage Assessment (JDA) was carried out by representatives of USAID, OFDA, FEMA and the Government of FSM from 18 March to 4 April, with assistance from IOM. The JDA assessed whether Wutip damage qualifies for a US Presidential Disaster Declaration. The JDA found Wutip had caused damage to the infrastructure and agricultural production of 30 islands, The path of Typhoon Wutip Feb 19-22, 2019. Credit: US JDA, 2019. leaving 11,575 persons food insecure. Response to Typhoon Wutip IOM, with the support of USAID/OFDA, has responded with continued distributions of relief items stored in IOM warehouses such as tarps, rope and reverse osmosis (RO) units to affected communities on the outer islands of Chuuk, Yap and Pohnpei states. -
"Higher" Form of Truth in The
26 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [52,1950 According to the psychocultural thesis here submitted, myth varies with LITHI AND THE OUTER NATIVE WORLD* the historical stages of cultural thought, but the process of myth-making does not die a natural death with the emergence of critical, scientific thought. Each By WILLIAM A. LF6'$1\ epoch has its own type of myth and the age of science has inevitably produced LITHI occupies a significant and strategic place in the rel<, its own secular myths of rationalization. We must reckon with the fact that .-< which exist among the natives of the West Caroline Islands,'l'tions _rly cultural progress is not inevitable, and that rational thought has,proved itself ,ie<a'rea under the domination of Yap. It is the purpose of this papeoAicuWam quite capable of undermining its own foundations by espousing myth as a '~ethe manner in which the various islands and atolls are structun(Jiy~linked "higher" form of truth in the interests of national solidarity23 and by reducing p::.?ueanother, as well as to scan the more distant horizons of the native world all cultural ideologies to the level of fictions. Normative, critical, scientific iPown to ffiithians. thought provides the only tested means of combatting the growth of myth, External relations between Ulithi and certain islands stretching from Yap but it may do so only on condition that it retains its own integrity, and does ~!~ost to Truk are determined by political, kinship, and religious factors. not mistake reason for rationalization. !litically, the atoll is subordinate to Yap, on the west, but superior to THE VIKING FUND oleai"-the name which the people of Ulithi apply to the string of islands NEW YORK CITY ween them and Truk, on the east. -
MANDE LANGUAGES INTRODUCTION Mande Languages
Article details Article author(s): Dmitry Idiatov Table of contents: Introduction General Overviews Textbooks Bibliographies Journals and Book Series Conferences Text Collections and Corpora Classifications Historical and Comparative Linguistics Western Mande Central Mande Southwestern Mande and Susu- Yalunka Soninke-Bozo, Samogo, and Bobo Southeastern Mande Eastern Mande Southern Mande Phonetics Phonology Morphosyntax Morphology Syntax Language Contact and Areal Linguistics Writing Systems MANDE LANGUAGES INTRODUCTION Mande languages are spoken across much of inland West Africa up to the northwest of Nigeria as their eastern limit. The center of gravity of the Mande-speaking world is situated in the southwest of Mali and the neighboring regions. There are approximately seventy Mande languages. Mande languages have long been recognized as a coherent group. Thanks to both a sufficient number of clear lexical correspondences and the remarkable uniformity in basic morphosyntax, the attribution of a given language to Mande is usually straightforward. The major subdivision within Mande is between Western Mande, which comprises the majority of both languages and speakers, and Southeastern Mande (aka Southern Mande or Eastern Mande, which are also the names for the two subbranches of Southeastern Mande), a comparatively small but linguistically diverse and geographically dispersed group. Traditionally, Mande languages have been classified as one of the earliest offshoots of Niger-Congo. However, their external affiliation still remains a working hypothesis rather than an established fact. One of the most well-known Mande languages is probably Bamana (aka Bambara), as well as some of its close relatives, which in nonlinguistic publications are sometimes indiscriminately referred to as Mandingo. Mande languages are written in a variety of scripts ranging from Latin-based or Arabic-based alphabets to indigenously developed scripts, both syllabic and alphabetic. -
A Companion to Contemporary Documentary Filn1
A Companion to Contemporary Documentary Filn1 Edited by Alexandra Juhasz and Alisa Lebow WI LEY Blackwell 2 o ,�- This edition first published 2015 © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc, excepting Chapter 1 © 2014 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota and Chapter 19 © 2007 Wayne State University Press Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Contents Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices,for customer services, and for informationabout how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Alexandra Juhasz and Alisa Lebow to be identifiedas the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print Notes on Contributors ix may not be available in electronic books. Introduction: A World Encountered 1 Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All Alexandra Juhasz and Alisa Lebow brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. -
Field Instructions for The
FIELD INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INVENTORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS 2013 Hawaii Edition Forest Inventory and Analysis Program Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service THIS MANUAL IS BASED ON: FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS NATIONAL CORE FIELD GUIDE FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR PHASE 2 PLOTS VERSION 5.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PURPOSES OF THIS MANUAL ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS MANUAL .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 UNITS OF MEASURE ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.3 PLOT SETUP .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.4 PLOT INTEGRITY ...................................................................................................................................................................... -
Ascertain Which Aspects of the Aboriginal Belief Structure, As 2) An
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 066 365 SO 002 935 AUTHOR Mitchell, Roger E. TITLE Oral Traditions of Micronesians as an Index to Culture Change Reflected in Micronesian College Graduates. Final Report. INSTITUTION Wisconsin State Univ.,Eau Claire. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. Bureau of Research. BUREAU NO BR-O-E-162 PUB DATE 1 Mar 72 GRANT OEG-5-71-0007-509 NOTE 27p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0 .65 BC-$3. 29 DESCRIPTORS *Acculturation; Biculturalism; *College Students; Cultural Background; Cultural Differences; *Cultural Factors; *Folk Culture; Interviews; *Oral Communication; Values IDENTIFIERS *Micronesians ABSTRACT The study on which this final report is based focused on selected Micronesian students at the University of Guam who, after receiving their degrees, will return to their home islands to assume positions requiring them to function as intermediaries between the American and Micronesian approaches of life. Interviews with these students and with less-educated fellow islanders were taped to: 1) ascertain which aspects of the aboriginal belief structure, as preserved in oral tradition, have been most resistant to change; and, 2) an attempt to establish if the students are fairly representative of their traditional belief and value system despite their American-sponsored educations. Some of the findings were: that student belief in, and knowledge of the old mythological and cosmological constructs was generally low; that belief was high in magic, native medicine, and spirits; and that young and old alike were receptive to attempts at cultural preservations. The report contains a summary of the study, a discussion of study background, a description of methods used in collection of the folktales, analyses of the oral traditions, 16 references, and a bibliography containing over 100 entries. -
Renewable Energy Development Project
Project Number: 49450-023 November 2019 Pacific Renewable Energy Investment Facility Federated States of Micronesia: Renewable Energy Development Project This document is being disclosed to the public in accordance with ADB’s Access to Information Policy. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS The currency unit of the Federated States of Micronesia is the United States dollar. ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BESS – battery energy storage system COFA – Compact of Free Association DOFA – Department of Finance and Administration DORD – Department of Resources and Development EIRR – economic internal rate of return FMR – Financial Management Regulations FSM – Federated States of Micronesia GDP – gross domestic product GHG – greenhouse gas GWh – gigawatt-hour KUA – Kosrae Utilities Authority kW – kilowatt kWh – kilowatt-hour MW – megawatt O&M – operation and maintenance PAM – project administration manual PIC – project implementation consultant PUC – Pohnpei Utilities Corporation TA – technical assistance YSPSC – Yap State Public Service Corporation NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States dollars unless otherwise stated. Vice-President Ahmed M. Saeed, Operations 2 Director General Ma. Carmela D. Locsin, Pacific Department (PARD) Director Olly Norojono, Energy Division, PARD Team leader J. Michael Trainor, Energy Specialist, PARD Team members Tahmeen Ahmad, Financial Management Specialist, Procurement, Portfolio, and Financial Management Department (PPFD) Taniela Faletau, Safeguards Specialist, PARD Eric Gagnon, Principal Procurement Specialist, -
Occurrence of the Longtailed Cuckoo Eudynamis Taitensis on Caroline Atoll, Kiribati DAVIDH
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Occurrence of the Longtailed Cuckoo Eudynamis taitensis on Caroline Atoll, Kiribati DAVIDH. ELL IS^, CAMERONB. KEPLER~, ANGELAKAY KEPLER~& KATINO TEEBAKI~ US. Fish and WiIdhye Service, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD 20708 US.A Banana, Christmas Island Kiribati Emu 90,202 Received 8 March 1990, accepted 29 August 1990 The Long-tailed Cuckoo Eudynamis taitensis performs sized land bird for about 20 min on 27 September. what is perhaps the most remarkable overwater migration of any land bird (Lack 1959). It breeds in New Zealand These records establish the Long-tailed Cuckoo at least and is known to winter in the islands of the Central Pacific as a winter straggler to the Line Islands. Since our visit, we Ocean, with stragglers seen as far away as Palau to the learned from corresponding with the atoll's only human west and Pitcairn Island to the east (Bogert 1937). Al- inhabitants, the Ronald Falconer family, that an individual though the Line Islands are along the perimeter of this Long-tailed cuckoo was occasionally seen in 1989 near range, the Long-tailed Cuckoo has never been reported for their dwelling on the southem-most channel islet. Our the Line or Phoenix Islands (Pratt et al. 1987). In 1883, observations at five widely scattered locations (the most when Dixon (1884) visited Caroline Atoll (lOOS,150°W) distant observations were at least 9 km apart) suggest that at the south-eastem end of the Line Islands, he reported several individuals were present on the atoll during our that a colleague had heard 'the notes of a singing bird' but visit. -
Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2 N3977 L2/11-014
JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3977 L2/11-014 2011-01-27 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Preliminary proposal for encoding the Woleai script in the SMP of the UCS Source: UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project) Author: Michael Everson Status: Liaison Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: 2011-01-27 1. Introduction. The Woleai script has its origins in a diffusion of the Latin script to the Woleai Atoll. Alfred Snelling, a missionary in Chuuk (then called Truk) in 1888, had evidently helped to devise a Latin alphabet for the Chuukese language. In 1905 he became lost at sea and landed with his Chuukese crew on the island of Eauripik, a Woleaian-speaking atoll 100 km to the southwest of Woleai itself. There he taught the Latin orthography for Chuukese to the Woleaians, who re-interpreted the alphabet as a syllabary, where each letter-name stood for its syllable (consonant + -i). Later the writing spread to other islands in the Woleai Atoll, and additional characters were devised on the island of Faraulep (perhaps after “the big typhoon” in 1907), since a syllabary with endings in -i was not sufficient to be practical. An expedition from Hamburg arriving in Woleai in 1909 discovered the writing system and did ethnographic research on it, though this was not published until 1929. Riesenberg and Kaneshiro’s work was collected in 1954–57 and published in 1960. The Eauripik characters were described by Riesenberg and Kaneshiro as “Type 2 script”, and the script identified by their informants as originating in Faraulep as “Type 1 script”. -
A Grammar of Vai a Grammar of Vai
A GRAMMAR OF VAI A GRAMMAR OF VAI BY WM. E. WELMERS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY • LOS ANGELES • LONDON 1976 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS IN LINGUISTICS Volume 84 Approved for publication February 20, 1976 limed December 1, 1976 University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles California University of California Press. Ltd. London. England ISBN: 0-52009555-3 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-7774 Copyright © 1976 by The Regents of the University of California Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Introduction 1 L. Consonants 4 1*1* Stem-initial inherited consonants 4 1-2. Sfrem-inirial i nnnvated rnnsnnanl-c . ^^ . ^_fi 1.3. Statistical comparison 9 1.4. Intervocalic stops and fricatives 11 1.5. Intervocalic nasal-oral sequences 11 1.6. Intervocalic /y/ and /w/ 13 1.7. Intervocalic nasals 16 1.8. Intervocalic 71/ 16 1.9. Final /n/ 24 2_, Vowels 25 2.1. Inventory 25 2.2. Short and long vowels 25 2.3. Sequences of different vowels 26 2-4. Masaligpd vowels - - - - - - - - - 2fi 2.5. Absence of nasalized /e, o/ 27 3_, Tones 23 3.1. A discrete-level system 29 3.2. Sequences with two vowels 29 3.3. Tones and sequences with single vowels 30 3.4. Contraction of three identical vowels 3J. 3.5. Importance of contrasts 31 3.6. Sequences with three or more vowels 32 3.7. A syllabic nasal 33 3.B. Low-high with single vowel 33 3.9. Tone in orthography 34 4_ Intonations - - - - 36 4-1- Declarative . - - - . - - - - - - - - - 36 I v ] VI A Grammar of Vai 4.2.