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Annual Report 1998Annual Report International Plant Genetic Resources Institute Improving conservation strategies and technologies Understanding the extent and distribution of diversity; supporting collecting of genetic resources; improving ex situ and in situ conservation and developing integrated approaches Increasing the use of plant genetic resources Improving methods of using ex situ conserved germplasm; supporting conservation through use; supporting increased use of diversity in production Managing and communicating information Improving germplasm documentation; supporting SINGER and the Musa germplasm information system; providing technical information; increasing public awareness Addressing socioeconomic and policy issues Determining links between diversity and socioeconomic factors; meeting gender concerns and increasing participation; valuing genetic resources; supporting improved policy-making Conserving and using specific crops Supporting work on Musa (through the INIBAP programme), coconut and cocoa; improving conserva- tion of neglected and underused species; conserving wild relatives of crops Conserving and using forest genetic resources Conserving intraspecific diversity through sustainable use; supporting network development; improv- ing ex situ conservation techniques Working with networks Supporting established regional, crop and thematic networks and helping to develop new ones to strengthen international collaboration Strengthening national systems Supporting improved germplasm management strategies and technologies; providing training and assistance in capacity-building; giving advice and information on policy Strategic choices ADB Asian Development Bank IMTP International Musa Testing Programme APO Asia, the Pacific and Oceania INIBAP International Network for the Improvement BMZ Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche of Banana and Plantain, Montpellier - Zusammenarbeit, Germany IPGRI/CGIAR CAPGERNet Caribbean Plant Genetic Resources Network IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources CFC Common Fund for Commodities, EU Institute, Italy - CGIAR CGIAR Consultative Group on International IRRI International Rice Research Institute, the Agricultural Research Philippines - CGIAR CIAT Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, KUL Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Colombia - CGIAR LACNET INIBAP Regional Network for Latin America CIP Centro Internacional de la Papa, Peru - and the Caribbean, Costa Rica CGIAR NRI National Resources International, UK CIRAD Centre de Coopération Internationale en PARC CGIAR Public Awareness and Resources Recherche Agronomique pour le Committee Développement PROCISUR Programa Cooperativo para el Desarrollo COGENT International Coconut Genetic Resources Net- Tecnológico Agropecuario del Cono Sur, work Argentina CTA Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural RAPD Random amplified polymorphic DNA Cooperation, the Netherlands REDARFIT Andean Network on Plant Genetic CWANA Central and West Asia and North Africa Resources DFID Department for International Development REMERFI Mesoamerican Network on Plant Genetic DIT Documentation, Information and Training Resources ECP/GR European Cooperative Programme for Crop RISBAP Regional Information System for Banana Genetic Resources Networks and Plantain - Asia and the Pacific, INIBAP EUFORGEN European Forest Genetic Resources SSA Sub-Saharan Africa Programme SGRP System-wide Genetic Resources FAO Food and Agricultural Organization of the Programme - CGIAR United Nations SINGER System-wide Information Network for GIS Geographic Information Systems Genetic Resources - CGIAR GPA Global Plan of Action TBRI Taiwan Banana Research Institute GRST Genetic Resources Science and Technology TROPIGEN Amazonian Plant Genetic Resources GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Network Zusammenarbeit, Germany UNDP United Nations Development Programme IAEG Impact Assessment and Evaluation Group UNEP United Nations Environment Programme IDB Inter-American Development Bank USAID United States Agency for International IDRC International Development Research Centre, Development, USA Canada USDA United States Department of Agriculture, IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Develop- USA ment VIR N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry, IICA Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación Russia para la Agricultura, Costa Rica WANANET West Asia and North Africa Network for IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Genetic Resources Nigeria - CGIAR Acronyms 3 1998ForewordAnnual Report toReport IPGRI’s 1998 In the four years since the publication of its first strategic plan, Diversity for Develop- ment, IPGRI has worked hard to keep pace with the rapid evolution of global genetic resources efforts. The growth in the institute’s programmes, its increased emphasis on policy and on promoting the use of genetic resources led IPGRI to commence a process of internal stocktaking in 1998. The process, which drew on the wisdom and experience of IPGRI’s staff and partners, will result in the production of a new strategy, to coincide with the institute’s 25th anniversary next year. IPGRI’s strategy for the coming years is based on the knowledge that the use of plant genetic resources makes a vital contribution to the development of human society. Plant genetic resources are the key to food security, providing a vast array of cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits and other foods for human consumption in addition to feeding the animals that supply us with meat, milk and eggs. They contribute to the eradication of poverty, both by providing cheaper food and raw materials for poor consumers and by raising and diversifying the incomes of rural producers and processors. And they protect © Chris Stowers/Panos Pictures Girls in a Zambian and enhance the environment, through enriching the soil, preventing erosion by wind and wheatfield rain, sustaining birds, insects and animals and absorbing atmospheric carbon. IPGRI has chosen to concentrate its efforts on eight strategic areas of work. All are essential to fulfilling IPGRI’s mission and reflect a strong demand from its partners: national and international institutions, non-governmental organizations, universities, advanced research institutes, farmers and community groups. This Annual Report provides a glimpse of IPGRI’s work in each of these strategic areas. We are confident that, given the sustained support of the CGIAR and our donors, we can continue to make a strong and focused contribution to global efforts to conserve and use genetic diversity for the benefit of the poor and disadvantaged throughout the developing world. Geoffrey Hawtin Marcio de Miranda Santos Director General Board Chair Contents Foreword 3 Programme highlights Conservation strategies 4 Core collections: accessing diversity 7 Information initiatives 9 Leafy vegetables: an essential crop 11 Musa and coconut 12 Bamboo and rattan: major forest products 15 Networking in the Americas 16 Safeguarding unique resources 18 Institutional structure 19 Financial report 20 Financial support 20 Establishment Agreement 21 IPGRI’s projects 22 IPGRI’s Board of Trustees 23 IPGRI’s management team 23 4 Conservationstrategies 1998Annual Report Knowing how genetic diversity is distributed within a genepool and how it changes in time is the first step in planning a strategy for how to conserve it. IPGRI and its partners are measuring and monitoring genetic diversity with ethnobotanical, molecular and more conventional morpho- logical approaches. For example, a study in southern China compared how local people’s know- ledge of genetic diversity in taro (Colocasia escuIenta), an important root crop cultivated in the region for thousands of years, compares with the results obtained from DNA markers. The local people had a deep understanding of variation within the crop, particularly the morphological characteristics of the material that were most important to the users. The results of the study were a significant input into the national conservation strategy developed for the crop by the Chinese national programme. Analyzing diversity using geographic information systems Once the genetic diversity occurring in different places within a country or region has been measured, national programmes need tools and methodologies to manage and analyze the information to reveal patterns, associations and anomalies. Geographic information systems (GIS) are becoming valuable tools for managing information on plant diversity. IPGRI is carrying out case studies applying GIS methodologies to the distribution What is a geographical of diversity of different crops and information system? wild species in Latin America and Africa. One study is looking A geographical information system as- at cultivated peanuts in a sembles, stores, manipulates and displays number of Latin American different types of data identified by their countries. The distribution of location on the Earth’s surface. It makes it genetic diversity in crops possible to integrate complex spatial depends not just on environ- information from many different sources, and then analyze and model the data in different mental factors such as climate ways to reveal patterns, relationships and and soil, but also to a great alternative scenarios. GIS technology has extent on the preferences and enhanced the efficiency and analytic power practices of farmers. Associa- of traditional mapping. Now, as the scientific community recog- tions between socioeconomic nizes the environmental consequences of human activity, GIS technology is becoming
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