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The Netherlands: Paving the Way for Open Access

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The Netherlands: Paving the Way for Open Access The Netherlands: paving the way for open access The negotiations: ‘Big deals’ as lever 15 important results: The road to open access 4 factors of success: ‘The Dutch Approach’ Open access: How does open access publishing work? The future: Creating momentum Table of contents Introduction 3 Paving the way for open access 4 ‘Big deals’ as lever 6 The road to open access 8 ‘The Dutch Approach’ 12 How does open access publishing work? 16 Creating momentum 19 2 Introduction Dear reader, The Netherlands is undergoing rapid growth in the field of open access, which is being recognised across the globe. This rapid growth is the result of a unique approach, inspired and supported by other national and international organisations. In October 2014, I stated that although the Netherlands is not alone, I am confident our country is leading the way towards open access. It is up to you to be the judge of this, as you read through this magazine. Dutch universities have together taken great steps towards enabling open access to scientific articles for everyone. Contracts with large publishing houses have been concluded whereby the articles of our researchers can now be openly accessed online, at no extra cost. More and more publishers are willing to make the switch to open access publishing. Some publishers want to make the switch right away, while others are willing to do so in smaller steps. Our neighbouring countries are bene­ fiting from the road that we have taken in the Netherlands. It helps them to make progress in the field of open access and, conversely, it helps the Netherlands to continue to develop. This reciprocity is necessary, because not all pub­ lishers are convinced that the time has come for open access. The Dutch presidency of the EU can help to stimulate its development across Europe. I read and hear many opinions about the path the VSNU has embarked on together with other stakeholders. There are critical questions about the cost and the differences between disciplines. However, the principle of open access is not in dispute. Its social importance is too great for this to be an issue. After all, we know that many citizens are already consulting open access medical journals, for example. It demonstrates how dynamic the field of open access is and shows that there are many possible applications in the future. There is still a way to go, but I am confident that open access will strengthen the link between science and society! Karl Dittrich President of the VSNU 3 Paving the way for open access Publicly funded scientific research should be freely accessible. With this basic principle firmly in mind, negotiations were started in 2014 with eight large national and international scientific publishers, which have already borne fruit. The Netherlands is the fastest growing open access country in the world. Globally, the Netherlands is even considered a change agent, paving the way for other countries with open access ambitions. wesults of scientific research are published in scientific journals with high subscription fees. The Dutch universities united in the Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU1), and the Dutch university libraries and the National Library of the Netherlands (working together in the UKB consortium) believe that everyone should have open access to science. RAfter all, most research is publicly funded. In addition, open access is good for Dutch researchers; the publications are easier to find on the internet and are therefore more frequently cited. More Info? Scan these codes: Gerard Meijer, Koen Becking, Jaap Winter State Secretary Dekker of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) has fired the starting 2 shot in connection with open access. Dekker’s aim is that in 2018, 60% of Dutch scientific publications 1. VSNU will be open access, rising to as much as 100% by 2024. Open access is a key point on the agenda during the Dutch presidency of the EU. On behalf of the UKB, VSNU and SURF (the collaborative organisation for ICT in Dutch education and research), Gerard Meijer (President of the Executive Board of Radboud University Nijmegen), Koen Becking (President of the Executive Board of Tilburg University) and Jaap Winter (President of the Executive Board of the VU University Amsterdam) launched talks with eight major publishers, which 2. aim together account for 70 to 80 per cent of the turnover of all Dutch scientific publications. This has (in Dutch only) led to important agreements with publishers such as Springer3 (20 November 2014), Wiley4, Sage5 (2 July 2015), Elsevier6 (10 December 2015). Constructive talks are underway with the other publishers and new agreements are expected. 3. Springer 4 The Dutch negotiations have not gone unnoticed. ‘Dutch lead European push to flip journals to open access’, Nature7 headlined on 6 January 2016. In this article, the author states that ‘the Netherlands is leading what it hopes will be a pan­European effort in 2016 to push scholarly publishers towards open­access (OA) business models’. 4. Wiley Efforts by major institutions such as theMax Planck Society8 and various bottom­up initiatives in the field, such as thelinguïsts at Lingua9, are now helping to spread open access more quickly. The train has left the station and we are on a clear course to achieving State Secretary Dekker’s goal. There is no going back now! 5. Sage Key issues The VSNU is currently negotiating with the following Where does this enthusiasm come from? eight major publishers: 6. Elsevier Moreover, what exactly is the Dutch approach? In this magazine, we will discuss all the key 1. Elsevier issues: the need for open access, the ways to 2. Springer achieve it, the views of the different actors and 3. Sage a timeline with key national and international 4. Wiley developments in the field. Finally, we will 5. Oxford University Press (OUP) unravel the successful Dutch lobby (what were 6. Taylor & Francis 7. Nature the critical success factors?), and look ahead to 7. American Chemical Society (ACS) the future: what are the next steps to be taken? 8. Kluwer ‘ 8. Max Planck The Netherlands is leading what it hopes will be a Society pan-European effort in 2016 to push scholarly publishers ‘ towards open-access (OA) business models. Declan Butler 9. linguïsts at Lingua 5 ‘Big deals’ as lever So what exactly is open access? Why is it so important? How are the negotiations going with the eight large national and international publishers, and with what result? hy open access? some kind. This is already possible at all Dutch The results of scientific research universities. Publishers allow this, but often are published in scientific journals employ a waiting period, an embargo period, of large national and international which varies per magazine. You have to pay for Wpublishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Wiley and quick access to the documents. People who are Sage. Scientific journals have high subscription patient get free access. costs, leaving only financially strong institutions such as universities and hospitals able to afford In the gold route publications are made available, access. Other interested parties, such as on an open access basis, via the websites of the teachers, patients, policymakers or SMEs, often publishers. The subscription model is replaced by do not have unrestricted access. a model in which the researcher pays an article processing charge (APC) to get their article Dutch universities believe1 that everyone should published in a magazine. After publication, it have open access to science. After all, most is then accessible to everyone online for free. research is publicly funded. Open access allows Publishers such as BioMed Central, Public Library researchers to disseminate their results to a of Science (PLOS) and Frontiers are already wider audience, which is something that can working in this way. Many publishers also offer More Info? Scan benefit society. For example, open access allows an intermediate form of open access: ‘hybrid these codes: doctors, practitioners and patients to access the journals’. These journals have a hybrid form, in latest developments in treatment methods. Open which some of the articles are available only to access also helps companies develop and apply subscribers, while others can be accessed by innovations, and allows teachers and students to everyone. more easily utilise scientific knowledge in their classes and assignments. Moreover, open access Multiple stakeholders, different 1. believe knows no geographical boundaries, meaning preferences scientists and academics in developing countries can also have access to the latest scientific findings. Routes to open access: gold or green There are two key routes to open access: the 2. the green and the green and the gold route2. The green route gold route assumes that the author will make their work public themselves, by depositing the manuscript in a repository (a freely accessible database) of 3. letter The Dutch government is strongly in favour of (in Dutch only) open access. State Secretary Dekker wants to work towards 100% open access publications in the Netherlands by 2024, as he announced in his letter3 to the Lower House of the Dutch Parlia­ ment of November 15, 2013. The Netherlands has 4. ‘big deal’ 6 As an interim conclusion: The Netherlands is definitely on track 5. responded variably opted for the gold route. The UK has also chosen Publishers have responded variably5, because the gold route. On the other hand, countries such open access constitutes a dramatic change to 6. Springer as Germany, Denmark and the US have actually the existing business model. Nevertheless, it chosen for the green route. The EU Framework has been possible to reach agreements with a Programme for Research and Innovation, number of publishers, such as Springer6, Wiley7 ‘Horizon 2020’, has also shown ‘a slight and Sage8.
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