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Flathead Indian Reservation Fire Management Plan - 2007 Flathead Indian Reservation Fire Management Plan - 2007 Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes Branch of Forestry, Division of Fire Management Flathead Agency (406) 676-2550 44592 Old US Hwy 93 North Ronan, Montana 59864 1 FLATHEAD INDIAN RESERVATION FIRE MANAGEMENT PLAN 2007 Prepared by: ________________________________ __________ JAMES K STEELE – JOCKO VALLEY CONSULTING LLC DATE Reviewed by: ________________________________ __________ ANTHONY J HARWOOD – FIRE MANAGEMENT OFFICER DATE Reviewed by: ________________________________ __________ ROBERT L McCREA – OPERATIONS SPECIALIST DATE Reviewed by: ________________________________ __________ RONALD SWANEY – FUELS/FIRE MANAGER DATE Reviewed by: ________________________________ __________ JOHN F CURRIE – SUPERVISORY DISPATCHER DATE Reviewed by: ________________________________ __________ JIM DURGLO – TRIBAL FORESTRY DEPARTMENT HEAD DATE Bureau of Indian Affairs, Flathead Agency, Montana Approved by: _______________________________ __________ ERNEST T MORAN, FLATHEAD AGENCY SUPERINTENDENT DATE Confederate Tribes of the Flathead Nation Approved by: _______________________________ __________ JAMES STEELE JR. – CSKT TRIBAL COUNCIL CHAIRMAN DATE Bureau of Indian Affairs, Northwest Regional Office Approved by: _______________________________ __________ STAN SPEAKS, DIRECTOR NW REGIONAL OFFICE DATE 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Chapter 2: Relationship to Land Management Planning/Fire Policy 6 Chapter 3: Wildland Fire Management Strategies 8 Chapter 4: Wildland Fire Management Program Components 24 Chapter 5: Organization and Budget 71 Chapter 6: Monitoring and Evaluation 77 Table 1: Comparison of Fire Management Analysis Zones to Flathead Indian Reservation Forest Management Plan Landscapes 15 Table 2: Fire Management Zones and Representative Locations Display Fire Regimes by Landscapes 18 Table 3: Flathead Indian Reservation Lands by Acres and Status 24 Table 4: Functional Areas Included in Wildland Fire Suppression and Preparedness 28 Table 5: Guidelines for Determining Flathead Agency and Southwest Montana Zone Preparedness Levels Using Energy Release Component (ERC) 43 Table 6: Ignition Component and Preparedness Levels Combined to Reflect an Adjective Fire Danger Rating for Fire Prevention and Public Information 46 Table 7: Preplanned Initial Attack Responses Based on Preparedness Levels and Energy Release Component for Fire Management Zones 47 Table 8: Type 3 Organizational Structure and Minimum Position Qualifications 51 Table 9: Target Prescribed Fire Positions to Meet Needs of a Complex Burning Program 65 Table 10: Comparison of Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation Allowed Coverage and Constraints 71 Table 11: Division of Fire (FHA) Initial Attack Resource Modules 72 Table 12: Fire Program Budget 75 Figure 1: Flathead Agency Map – Fire Regimes 9 Figure 2: Shaded Relief Map showing land features that contribute to fire behavior in western Montana 11 Figure 3:Shaded Relief Map of Mission Valley, Jocko Valley, and Camas Prairie and typical wind patterns 12 Figure 4: Six Landscapes as defined by the Flathead Indian Reservation Forest Management Plan 16 Figure 5: Flathead Indian Reservation and Fire Management Units used for the 2006 Fire Planning 17 Analysis. Figure 6: Fire Risk Map 34 Figure 7: Fire Occurrence Map by Landscape 44 Figure 8: Example of the approved NWCG Fire Danger Pocket Card 45 Figure 9: Example of a non-complex Fire Use Organization – Stage 1 59 Figure 10: Example of moderate complexity Fire Use Organization – Stage 2 59 Figure 11: Example of a complex Fire Use Organization – Stage 3 60 Figure 12: Typical prescribed fire organization dealing with a single project 63 Figure 13: Typical prescribed fire organization dealing with a complex project or multiple projects 64 Figure 14: Organizational chart for Tribal Division of Fire 72 Appendix 1: Strategic Fire Behavior That Results in Large Burned Area 82 Appendix 2: High Reliability Organizations 85 Appendix 3: Delegation of Authority to Fire Management Officer 88 Appendix 4: Qualifications Committee and Position Certification Process 89 Appendix 5: Duty Officer Roles and Responsibilities 91 Appendix 6: Standard Incident Management Team Handoff Form 92 Appendix 8: Glossary of Terms 110 3 ILLUSTRATIONS Photo 1: Mollman Fire from Highway 93 Mission Valley Cover Photo 2: Passive crowning on the Dixon Complex, Selow 2 Fire 5 Photo 3: Active crowning on the Wedge Canyon Fire, Flathead Ntl. Forest 7 Photo 4: Flathead Lake from Boulder Creek Road 7 Photo 5: Fire Investigator Jim Westerman 14 Photo 6: Prescribed Fire, Pistol Creek 14 Photo 7: Rattlesnake Mountains, Jocko Valley 18 Photo 8: West McDonald and McDonald Peaks 20 Photo 9: Mollman Creek, Mission Mountains Tribal Wilderness 20 Photo 10: Bob McCrea, Mollman Fire 24 Photo 11: Prescribed Fire, Boulder Creek 27 Photo 12: Roberts Fire, Flathead National Forest 29 Photo 13: Fire perimeter in grass, Dixon Complex, Selow 2 Fire 29 Photo 14: Jocko Landscape from Flathead Indian Reservation Forest Mgt Plan 30 Photo 15: Mission Mtns. Landscape from FIR Forest management Plan 32 Photo 16: Fire effects from prescribed burn near Camas Prairie 43 Photo 17: Night on the Chipmunk Fire, Flathead National Forest 45 Photo 18: Prescribed Burn, Camas Prairie 46 Photo 19: Cherry Creek Fire, Lolo National Forest 48 Photo 20: Cherry Creek Fire, Lolo National Forest 50 Photo 21: Flathead Lake from Boulder Creek 53 Photo 22: Left: Rattlesnake Wilderness Fire 57 Photo 23: Center: Rattlesnake Wilderness Fire 57 Photo 24: Right: Boles Meadow Fire 57 Photo 25: Prescribed Burn briefing, Pistol Creek 59 Photo 26: Mt. Harding aerial view 61 Photo 27: Prescribed burn, Boulder Creek 63 Photo 28: Prescribed burn, Pistol Creek 63 Photo 29: Helitorch malfunction 64 Photo 30: Prescribed burn, Boulder Creek 64 Photo 31: Aerial ignition, Boulder Creek 65 Photo 32: Prescribed Burn, Frog Logging Unit 68 Photo 33: Excavator demonstrating fireline rehabilitation 70 Photo 34: Constructed helispot on the Mollman Fire 71 Photo 35: Mollman Fire burnout 74 Photo 36: Ron Swaney, Mollman Fire 74 Photo 37: Jocko Valley Landscape 76 Photo 38: Prescribed burn, Camas Prairie 76 Photo 39: Arrowleaf Balsamroot, Camas Prairie 76 Photo 40: Curt Matt and Fred Roullier, Boulder Creek 80 Photo 41: Vic Stevens, Prescribed Fire Frog Logging Unit 81 Photo 42: Backing Fire, Mineral Primm Fire 82 Photo 43: Active Crowning, Mineral Primm Fire 83 Photo 44: Mollman Fire from Highway 93, Mission Valley 84 Photo 45: Mollman Fire crown fire run 84 Photo 46: Cross section of an old growth tree showing limb growth and decay 90 Photo 47: Fancy Dancer, Arlee 115 Photographs are copyrighted and courtesy of Jim Steele. Use of any photograph outside of this document or the presentation of this document is prohibited unless permitted in writing. 4 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION Introduction: Fire Management Overview and Direction This Fire Management Plan (FMP) will provide direct guidance and authorities so fire management specific activities can occur and be compliant with the 2001 Federal Fire Policy, Department of Interior Manual, and Indian Affairs Manual. It will provide the margins for fire operations to meet natural resource and social objectives stated in the Flathead Indian Reservation Forest Management Plan (FIRFMP). As a result of the FIRFMP, this plan has been cleared through the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA) requirements, and has received direction from the Tribal membership through resource objectives development based on an interdisciplinary teams efforts, public meetings, written comments, and direction from an ad hoc oversight committee of tribal members. Wildland fire and prescribed fire use have both been identified and approved through these processes as an integral part of managing forest and rangelands on this Reservation. Through the collaborative efforts of developing the FIRFMP, changes to fire dependent ecosystems were identified because of 90 years of fire suppression, silvicultural treatments, domestic livestock grazing, and building construction. The historical occurrence of fire and planned use of fire has been incorporated into Tribal management philosophy for the next 30 years to reach desired conditions that will be more consistent with forest conditions prior to European contact. As this FMP is implemented, program coordination will be required with Tribal Departments, Tribal public, and neighboring agencies. These opportunities will open this plan for further development as time exposes new prospects for improvement. “Because of the ladder fuels (fuels that reach from the forest floor into the canopy), fires in this zone now burn as partial stand- replacement or stand-replacement fires.” Flathead Indian Reservation Forest Management Plan – 2000 Recommendations were made on the following topics: • Improve Fire Prevention and Suppression Reduce Hazardous Fuels Restore Fire-adapted Ecosystems Promote Community Stability and Collaboration Challenges Western Governors Association, Press Release – Diverse interests offer recommendations to Western Governors for improving forest health, June 19, 2003. Photo 2 Dixon Complex, 2003 5 CHAPTER 2 - Relationship to Land Management Planning/Fire Policy The approved FIRFMP logically identifies fire as the principle medium of change in forest ecosystems before social interventions that includes 90 years of wildland fire suppression. The integration of fire use back into forested ecosystems as an important element of natural processes is a step
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