The Democratic Society Movement, TEV-DEM
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45 the RESURRECTION of SYRIAN KURDISH POLITICS by Ro
THE RESURRECTION OF SYRIAN KURDISH POLITICS By Rodi Hevian* This article examines the current political landscape of the Kurdish region in Syria, the role the Kurds have played in the ongoing Syrian civil war, and intra-Kurdish relations. For many years, the Kurds in Syria were Iraqi Kurdistan to Afrin in the northwest on subjected to discrimination at the hands of the the Turkish border. This article examines the Ba’th regime and were stripped of their basic current political landscape of the Kurdish rights.1 During the 1960s and 1970s, some region in Syria, the role the Kurds have played Syrian Kurds were deprived of citizenship, in the ongoing conflict, and intra-Kurdish leaving them with no legal status in the relations. country.2 Although Syria was a key player in the modern Kurdish struggle against Turkey and Iraq, its policies toward the Kurds there THE KURDS IN SYRIA were in many cases worse than those in the neighboring countries. On the one hand, the It is estimated that there are some 3 million Asad regime provided safe haven for the Kurds in Syria, constituting 13 percent of Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) and the Syria’s 23 million inhabitants. They mostly Kurdish movements in Iraq fighting Saddam’s occupy the northern part of the country, a regime. On the other hand, it cracked down on region that borders with Iraqi Kurdistan to the its own Kurds in the northern part of the east and Turkey to the north and west. There country. Kurdish parties, Kurdish language, are also some major districts in Aleppo and Kurdish culture and Kurdish names were Damascus that are populated by the Kurds. -
A Blood-Soaked Olive: What Is the Situation in Afrin Today? by Anthony Avice Du Buisson - 06/10/2018 01:23
www.theregion.org A blood-soaked olive: what is the situation in Afrin today? by Anthony Avice Du Buisson - 06/10/2018 01:23 Afrin Canton in Syria’s northwest was once a haven for thousands of people fleeing the country’s civil war. Consisting of beautiful fields of olive trees scattered across the region from Rajo to Jindires, locals harvested the land and made a living on its rich soil. This changed when the region came under Turkish occupation this year. Operation Olive Branch: Under the governance of the Afrin Council – a part of the ‘Democratic Federation of Northern Syria’ (DFNS) – the region was relatively stable. The council’s members consisted of locally elected officials from a variety of backgrounds, such as Kurdish official Aldar Xelil who formerly co-headed the Movement for a Democratic Society (TEVDEM) – a political coalition of parties governing Northern Syria. Children studied in their mother tongue— Kurdish, Arabic, or Syriac— in a country where the Ba’athists once banned Kurdish education. The local Self-Defence Forces (HXP) worked in conjunction with the People’s Protection Units (YPG) to keep the area secure from existential threats such as Turkish Security forces (TSK) and Free Syrian Army (FSA) attacks. This arrangement continued until early 2018, when Turkey unleashed a full-scale military operation called ‘ Operation Olive Branch’ to oust TEVDEM from Afrin. The Turkish government views TEVDEM and its leading party, the Democratic Union Party (PYD), as an extension of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) – listed as a terrorist organisation in Turkey. Under the pretext of defending its borders from terrorism, the Turkish government sent thousands of troops into Afrin with the assistance of forces from its allies in Idlib and its occupied Euphrates Shield territories. -
IDP Camps in Northern Rural Aleppo, Fact Sheet.Pdf
IDP Camps in Northern Rural Aleppo, Fact Sheet www.stj-sy.com IDP Camps in Northern Rural Aleppo, Fact Sheet 58 IDPs and Iraqi refugees’ camps are erected in northern rural Aleppo, controlled by the armed opposition groups, the majority of which are suffering from deplorable humanitarian conditions Page | 2 IDP Camps in Northern Rural Aleppo, Fact Sheet www.stj-sy.com Syrians for Truth and Justice/STJ recorded the presence of no less than 58 camps, random and regular, erected in northern rural Aleppo, which the armed Syrian opposition groups control. In these camps, there are about 37199 families, over 209 thousand persons, both displaced internally from different parts in Syria and Iraqi refugees. The camps spread in three main regions; Azaz, Jarabulus and Afrin. Of these camps, 41 are random, receiving no periodical aid, while residents are enduring humanitarian conditions that can be called the most overwhelming, compared to others, as they lack potable water and a sewage system, in addition to electricity and heating means. Camps Located in Jarabulus: In the region of Jarabulus, the Zaghroura camp is erected. It is a regular camp, constructed by the Turkish AFAD organization. It incubates 1754 families displaced from Homs province and needs heating services and leveling the roads between the tents. There are other 20 random camps, which receive no periodical aid. These camps are al- Mayadeen, Ayn al-Saada, al-Qadi, Ayn al-Baidah, al-Mattar al-Ziraai, Khalph al-Malaab, Madraset al-Ziraa, al-Jumaa, al-Halwaneh, al-Kno, al-Kahrbaa, Hansnah, Bu Kamal, Burqus, Abu Shihab, al-Malaab, al-Jabal and al-Amraneh. -
Uitgelokte Aanval Op Haar Burgers.S Wij Roepen Alle Democratische
STOP TURKIJE'S OORLOG TEGEN DE KOERDEN De luchtaanvallen van Turkije hebben Afrin geraakt, een Koerdische stad in Noord-Syrie, waarbij verschillende burgers zijn gedood en verwondNiet alleen de Koerden, maar ook christenen, Arabieren en alle andere entiteiten in Afrin liggen onder zware aanvallen van TurkijeDe agressie van Turkije tegen de bewoners van Afrin is een overduidelijke misdaad tegen de mensheid; het is niet anders dan de misdaden gepleegd door ISIS. Het initiëren van een militaire aanval op een land die jou niet heeft aangevallen is een oorlogsmisdaad. Turkse jets hebben 100 plekken in Afrin als doelwit genomen, inclusief vele civiele gebieden. Ten minste 6 burgers zijn gedood en I YPG (Volksbeschermingseenheden) en 2 YPJ (Vrouwelijke Volksbeschermingseenheden) -strijders zijn gemarteld tijdens de Turkse aanvallen van afgelopen zaterdag. Ook zijn als gevolg van de aanval een aantal burgers gewond geraakt.Het binnenvallende Turkse leger voerde zaterdagmiddag omstreeks 16:00 uur luchtaanvallen uit op Afrin met de goedkeuring van Rusland. De aanvallen die door 72 straaljagers werden uitgevoerd raakten het centrum van Afrin, de districten Cindirêsê, Reco, Shera, Shêrawa en Mabeta. Ook werd het vluchtelingenkamp Rubar geraakt. Het kamp wordt bewoond door meer dan 20.000 vluchtelingen uit Syrië. Het bezettende Turkse leger en zijn terroristen probeerden eerst middels aanvallen via de grond Afrin binnen te dringen, maar zij faalden. Daarom probeerden ze de bewoners van Afrin bang te maken en ze te verdringen naar vrije gebieden van het Syrische leger / gebieden die door Turkije worden beheerd. Het inmiddels zeven jaar durende interne conflict in Syrië is veranderd in een internationale oorlog. -
Weekly Conflict Summary | 3 – 9 June 2019
WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 3 – 9 JUNE 2019 WHOLE OF SYRIA SUMMARY • NORTHWEST | Government forces made advances in the southwest corner of the Hayyat Tahrir ash Sham (HTS)-dominated Idleb pocket. HTS and other opposition groups conducted a counter attack focused on Tal Mallah. Attacks were also recorded in the Turkish-controlled Euphrates Shield and Olive Branch Areas. • SOUTH & CENTRAL | In addition to low-level attacks against government- aligned personnel in the south, ISIS claimed to have conducted an attack on the Nimr – Gherbet Khazalah Road this week, the first since 2018. ISIS activity against government patrols was also recorded in central areas of the country. In Rastan town, in northern Homs Governorate, anti- government graffiti appeared. • NORTHEAST | Routine small arms fire and improvised explosive device (IED) activity against Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and their allies continued despite large-scale security operations in previous weeks. Further north, an IED attack occurred in Hassakeh City. Figure 1: Dominant Actors’ Area of Control and Influence in Syria as of 9 June 2019. NSOAG stands for Non-state Organized Armed Groups. For more explanation on our mapping, please see the footnote on page 2. Page 1 of 7 WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 3 – 9 JUNE 2019 NORTHWEST SYRIA1 This week, Government of Syria (GOS) forces made advances in the southwest corner of the Hayyat Tahrir ash Sham (HTS)-dominated Idleb enclave. On 3 June, GOS Tiger Forces captured al Qasabieyh town to the north of Kafr Nabuda, before turning west and taking Qurutiyah village a day later. Currently, fighting is concentrated around Qirouta village. However, late on 5 June, HTS and the Turkish-Backed National Liberation Front (NLF) launched a major counter offensive south of Kurnaz town after an IED detonated at a fortified government location. -
Pyd-Ypg Can Acun, Bünyamin Keskin Branch In
REPORT REPORT THE PKK’S BRANCH IN NORTHERN SYRIA THE PKK’S PYD-YPG CAN ACUN, BÜNYAMIN KESKIN BRANCH IN The PYD, conducting activities as the PKK’s Syrian branch, contem- NORTHERN SYRIA plated exploiting the Syrian revolution which broke out in 2011 for its own ends and has since acted together with the Assad regime on the basis of their common interests. The PYD formed a military-wing owing to its military engagement with the regime and the support provided by the PKK. Therefore, the PYD has managed to control the PYD-YPG Kurds who previously sided with the Syrian opposition, has declared self-ruled cantons, and formed a sphere of influence as an “armed-non- PYD-YPG SYRIA: NORTHERN IN BRANCH PKK’S THE state-actor” in the north of Syria. In fact, the PKK has started to imple- ment its self-administration model in the cantons, a model it plans to implement in Turkey as well. The PKK has adopted a policy based on CAN ACUN, BÜNYAMIN KESKIN absolute authority over even dissident Kurds; it offers no alternatives to those who do not support its causes. The PYD has presented itself as a useful actor in the U.S. fight against DAESH by taking advantage of DAESH’s presence in Syria; and has exerted efforts to connect the can- tons under its control. After the Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war, the PYD has taken Machiavellist steps to establish a relationship with Russia similar to the one it enjoys with the United States. To realize its aspirations over the region, the PYD has developed tacti- cal relations with the Assad regime, the USA and Russia, and has been trying hard to capture the regions populated in majority by Arabs and Turkmens in Northern Syria. -
Turkey's Strategic Reasoning Behind Operation Olive Branch
NO: 34 PERSPECTIVE JANUARY 2018 Turkey’s Strategic Reasoning behind Operation Olive Branch MURAT YEŞİLTAŞ • What is the strategic reasoning behind Turkey’s military operation against the PKK in the Afrin region? • What does Turkey’s game plan mean for the region? • What are the implications of Turkey’s military operation for the future of the Turkey-U.S.-Russia triangle? Following Operation Euphrates Shield (OES), Tur- has been designated as a terrorist organization by key added a new dimension to its ongoing military NATO, the EU and the U.S., the YPG controls 65% activity in Syria in order to curb the PKK’s influence of the Turkey-Syria border and uses its position to at- in northern Syria and to “de-territorialize” it in the tack Turkey. More importantly, the YPG is playing a medium term in the rest of the Syrian territory. With vital role in the PKK’s ongoing terrorist attacks inside the advent of the Afrin operation, Turkey’s military Turkey.1 It is also well-known that the YPG is tactical- activity has spread to a wider geographical area in the ly used by the PKK as an integral part of its irregular western bank of the Euphrates. The operation, which warfare strategy both in terms of manpower and mili- had been in the preparation phase for a long time, tary equipment in the fight against the Turkish Armed started on October 20 with the offensive phase, Forces in the southeastern part of Turkey.2 Therefore, shortly after President Erdoğan’s statement with first and foremost, Operation Olive Branch (OOB) is strong references to the UNSC’s decisions with re- an integral part of Turkey’s counter-terrorism strategy, gards to war on terror and the ‘self-defense’ element which Turkish security forces have adopted against in Article 51 of the UN Charter. -
Significance of the New Kurdish Arrangements in Northern Syria
Artical Name : Significance of the New Kurdish Arrangements in Northern Syria Artical Subject : Significance of the New Kurdish Arrangements in Northern Syria Publish Date: 21/08/2017 Auther Name: Future for Advanced Research and Studies Subject : The Kurdistan Democratic Union party (PYD) led by Saleh Musallam continues its efforts and takes new executive actions with the aim of turning the federal system, announced on 17 March 2016 in areas under its control in northern Syria (Rojava regions) into reality. The previous step taken by PYD was preparing a draft Federal Constitution composed of 85 articles stipulating that the constitution is a social contract for the democratic federal Rojava, and considering the city of Qamishli as the capital and center of the federation.Practical StepsThe constituent Assembly for the Union of northern Syria, on July 29, set dates for conducting the first local and legislative elections in northern Syria, after ratifying legal administrative divisions and elections, including the following: 1- September 22, is the date for elections of municipal institutions or the so-called communes, the first level of local administration in northern Syria, the smallest electoral unit across alleys and neighborhoods. 2- November 23 is the date for local and provincial governing bodies elections, the second level of local administration in northern Syria. 3- January 19, 2018 is the date for the Peoples¶Congress elections in northern Syria, and the Democratic Peoples¶Conference elections, a pan-Federal Parliament for -
Syrie : Situation De La Population Yézidie Dans La Région D'afrin
Syrie : situation de la population yézidie dans la région d’Afrin Recherche rapide de l’analyse-pays Berne, le 9 mai 2018 Impressum Editeur Organisation suisse d’aide aux réfugiés OSAR Case postale, 3001 Berne Tél. 031 370 75 75 Fax 031 370 75 00 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.osar.ch CCP dons: 10-10000-5 Versions Allemand et français COPYRIGHT © 2018 Organisation suisse d’aide aux réfugiés OSAR, Berne Copies et impressions autorisées sous réserve de la mention de la source. 1 Introduction Le présent document a été rédigé par l’analyse-pays de l’Organisation suisse d’aide aux ré- fugiés (OSAR) à la suite d’une demande qui lui a été adressée. Il se penche sur la question suivante : 1. Quelle est la situation actuelle des Yézidi-e-s dans la région d’Afrin ? Pour répondre à cette question, l’analyse-pays de l’OSAR s’est fondée sur des sources ac- cessibles publiquement et disponibles dans les délais impartis (recherche rapide) ainsi que sur des renseignements d’expert-e-s. 2 Situation de la population yézidie dans la région d’Afrin De 20’000 à 30’000 Yézidi-e-s dans la région d'Afrin. Selon un rapport encore à paraître de la Société pour les peuples menacés (SPM, 2018), quelque 20 000 à 30 000 Yézidis vivent dans la région d'Afrin. Depuis mars 2018, Afrin placée sous le contrôle de la Turquie et des groupes armés alliés à la Turquie. Le 20 janvier 2018, la Turquie a lancé une offensive militaire pour prendre le contrôle du district d'Afrin dans la province d'Alep. -
Turkish Invasions
Turkey’s Invasion Campaigns in Syria Washington Kurdish Institute September 8, 2020 The report highlights the activities of ISIS since the Turkish invasion of the Kurdish region and Turkey’s three invasion campaigns in Syria since 2016. 1 www.dckurd.org Islamic State Sleeper-Cell Activities from October 2019 - July 2020 Since the beginning of the Turkish invasion into the Kurdish region of Syria, the so-called “Operation Peace Spring” of October 2019, the activity of ISIS sleeper- cells has changed significantly over the course of late 2019 and the first 7 months of 2020. There was a noticeable increase in attacks that correlated with the Turkish invasion, likely as a result of the Kurdish -led and US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) needing to reroute manpower and equipment towards the frontlines near where Turkey occupied in Gire Spi (Tal Abyad) and Serekaniye (Ras al-Ain). Following the end of offensive operations by the Turkish-backed forces, the activities of sleeper-cells dipped significantly, including arson attacks on the farmlands under the control of the SDF. However, in June, activity significantly decreased again, directly correlating with the beginning of the “Deterrence of Terror” operation that the SDF began conducting with Coalition forces. This led to a major increase in raids, which directly seemed to impact the activity and number of attacks. Notably in some cases, despite the number of attacks decreasing, the efficiency in terms of casualties (especially assassinations of political and tribal figures) seemed to increase. Overall, what can be concluded is that Deir Ez Zor province will continue to be a hotbed of instability for the Kurdish-led Autonomous Administration of North and East of Syria (AANES), due mostly to ISIS activity, but also partially because of the Syrian regime influence, and increasingly, sleeper-cell activities of the Turkish-backed groups. -
In PDF Format, Please Click Here
Deprivatio of Existence The use of Disguised Legalization as a Policy to Seize Property by Successive Governments of Syria A special report sheds light on discrimination projects aiming at radical demographic changes in areas historically populated by Kurds Acknowledgment and Gratitude The present report is the result of a joint cooperation that extended from 2018’s second half until August 2020, and it could not have been produced without the invaluable assistance of witnesses and victims who had the courage to provide us with official doc- uments proving ownership of their seized property. This report is to be added to researches, books, articles and efforts made to address the subject therein over the past decades, by Syrian/Kurdish human rights organizations, Deprivatio of Existence individuals, male and female researchers and parties of the Kurdish movement in Syria. Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ) would like to thank all researchers who contributed to documenting and recording testimonies together with the editors who worked hard to produce this first edition, which is open for amendments and updates if new credible information is made available. To give feedback or send corrections or any additional documents supporting any part of this report, please contact us on [email protected] About Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ) STJ started as a humble project to tell the stories of Syrians experiencing enforced disap- pearances and torture, it grew into an established organization committed to unveiling human rights violations of all sorts committed by all parties to the conflict. Convinced that the diversity that has historically defined Syria is a wealth, our team of researchers and volunteers works with dedication at uncovering human rights violations committed in Syria, regardless of their perpetrator and victims, in order to promote inclusiveness and ensure that all Syrians are represented, and their rights fulfilled. -
And Conflict in the 21St Century
REPORTING WAR AND CONFLICT IN THE 21ST CENTURY beyaz zemin turkuaz zemin zemin siyah zemin beyaz Edited by Dr. Tarek Cherkaoui siyah zemin turkuaz zemin REPORTING WAR AND CONFLICT IN THE 21ST CENTURY Edited by Dr. Tarek Cherkaoui Project Coordinator Hajira Maryam beyaz zemin siyah zemin turkuaz zemin © TRT WORLD RESEARCH CENTRE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PUBLISHER TRT WORLD RESEARCH CENTRE APRIL 2021 REPORTING WAR AND CONFLICT IN THE 21ST CENTURY Edited by: Dr. Tarek Cherkaoui Project Coordinator: Hajira Maryam Photo Cover: Anadolu Agency Design: Ekrem US TRT WORLD İSTANBUL AHMET ADNAN SAYGUN STREET NO:83 34347 ULUS, BEŞİKTAŞ İSTANBUL / TURKEY www.trtworld.com TRT WORLD LONDON PORTLAND HOUSE 4 GREAT PORTLAND STREET NO:4 LONDON / UNITED KINGDOM www.trtworld.com TRT WORLD WASHINGTON D.C. 1620 I STREET NW, 10TH FLOOR, SUITE 1000, 20006 WASHINGTON DC / UNITED STATES www.trtworld.com researchcentre.trtworld.com www.trtworld.com Printed by: HERMES TANITIM OFSET BASKI HİZ. KAG. LTD. ŞTİ. BÜYÜK SANAYİ 1. CAD. NO: 105 İSKİTLER / ANKARA Certificate Number: 47869 ISBN: ????????? REPORTING WAR AND CONFLICT IN THE 21ST CENTURY Edited by Dr. Tarek Cherkaoui Project Coordinator Hajira Maryam beyaz zemin siyah zemin turkuaz zemin REPORTING WAR 4 AND CONFLICT IN THE 21ST CENTURY FOREWORD This book on war coverage by the TRT World Research Centre is an invaluable addition to the literature on the topic. The book’s personal and enlightening perspectives display a different side of conflicts and their many dynamics to the reader. This is especially so because of the fact that reporting on wars has always been a precarious endeavour, a fact that has still not stopped TRT World journalists from scouring the globe to deliver their journalistic mission.