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Turquie : La Mort De 14 Prisonniers Turcs En Irak Sert De Prétexte À La Relance De La Répression Intérieure

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Turquie : La Mort De 14 Prisonniers Turcs En Irak Sert De Prétexte À La Relance De La Répression Intérieure INSTITUT KURDDE PARIS E Bulletin de liaison et d’information N°431 FEVRIER 2021 La publication de ce Bulletin bénéficie de subventions du Ministère français des Affaires étrangères (DGCID) et du Fonds d’action et de soutien pour l’intégration et la lutte contre les discriminations (FASILD) ————— Ce bulletin paraît en français et anglais Prix au numéro : France: 6 € — Etranger : 7,5 € Abonnement annuel (12 numéros) France : 60 € — Etranger : 75 € Périodique mensuel Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire : 659 13 A.S. ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tél. : 01- 48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01- 48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: [email protected] Bulletin de liaison et d’information de l’Institut kurde de Paris N° 431 février 2021 • TURQUIE : LA MORT DE 14 PRISONNIERS TURCS EN IRAK SERT DE PRÉTEXTE À LA RELANCE DE LA RÉPRESSION INTÉRIEURE • ROJAVA : LA TURQUIE COUPABLE DE CRIME CONTRE L’HUMANITÉ, DANS LE SILENCE INTERNATIONAL • IRAK : DISCUSSIONS SUR LE BUDGET TOU- JOURS EN COURS; TIRS DE ROQUETTES SANS PRÉCÉDENT SUR ERBIL • IRAN : VAGUE D’ARRESTATIONS AU KUR- DISTAN, PLUS DE 150 PERSONNES INCAR- CÉRÉES DEPUIS JANVIER TURQUIE : LA MORT DE 14 PRISONNIERS TURCS EN IRAK SERT DE PRÉTEXTE À LA RELANCE DE LA RÉPRESSION INTÉRIEURE a Turquie vit décidé- tives de contrôle de la société tentatives ont dérapé. Sa tenta- ment un début d’année civile et répression tous azimuts. tive début janvier pour contrôler difficile. La crise écono- Les provinces kurdes du pays l’université Boğazici (Université mique a des consé- sont les laissées-pour-compte du Bosphore) a suscité un mou- L quences sociales drama- aussi bien de la pandémie que de vement de résistance universi- tiques, et au plan sanitaire, mal- l’économie; selon les propres taire sans précédent depuis 2016, gré tous les efforts de dissimula- chiffres du ministère de la Santé, et le conflit de Boğazici est rapi- tion du gouvernement AKP, elles ont jusqu’à trois points de dement devenu dans tout le pays l’épidémie du COVID-19 pour- retard sur la moyenne nationale une bataille pour les libertés uni- suit son extension de manière de pour la vaccination… (Ahval) versitaires. Quant à l’opération plus en plus visible. Isolé à l’in- militaire fétiche du Président ternational, contesté à l’intérieur, Pour sauver son pouvoir, M. turc au Kurdistan d’Irak, partici- le Président turc tente de rega- Erdoğan voulait flatter l’ex- pant de sa politique régionale gner sa popularité à coups trême-droite par un succès mili- «néo-ottomane», elle s’est soldée d’opérations militaires exté- taire tout en imposant le silence à mi-février par un fiasco catastro- rieures tout en intensifiant tenta- ses opposants. Mais ses dernières phique: la mort de treize prison- • 2 • Bulletin de liaison et d’information n° 431• février 2021 niers turcs du PKK plus que pro- dont Hüda Kaya, se sont vus de droit et de communications à bablement tués par les gaz de interdire l’accès. 159 étudiants ont Boğazici, une manière de leurs propres compagnons été arrêtés, dont 98 libérés le len- contourner les enseignants des d’armes dans la grotte où ils demain. Le ministre turc de l’inté- départements existants, nom- étaient retenus… rieur, Süleyman Soylu, a tweeté : mant dans le même temps onze «Devrions-nous tolérer que les recteurs d’universités dans tout À Istanbul, la nomination autori- dégénérés LGBT insultent la le pays. En réponse, les étudiants taire de Melih Bulu comme rec- sainte Kaaba et tentent d’occuper de Boğazici ont fait connaître teur de l’université Boğazici ne le rectorat? Certainement pas!». leurs revendications dans une passe décidément pas. La seule Son message a été supprimé par lettre ouverte au Président, com- «qualité» académique de ce mem- le réseau social pour insulte. mençant par la phrase: «Vous bre de l’AKP, surtout connu pour n'êtes pas un sultan, et nous ne son soutien à l’invasion d’Afrîn Les habitants du quartier de sommes pas vos sujets». Ils en 2018 l’université, qui ont klaxonné et demandent la libération immé- (https://www.youtube.com/wa frappé des casseroles, mais aussi diate de toutes les personnes tch?v=JpanTG_bD1Y), est d’être les avocats ou les artistes – les arrêtées, la démission de tous les soupçonné de plagiat dans ses opposants en général – ont administrateurs universitaires travaux, dont sa thèse… Le 3 apporté leur soutien aux étu- nommés, à commencer par Bulu, février, le corps enseignant de diants. Le 2, des enseignants se et la tenue d’élections universi- Boğazici a dénoncé sa nomina- sont rassemblés sous les fenêtres taires démocratiques. tion dans un communiqué révé- de Bulu en criant «démission». lateur: «Nous n’acceptons pas Aucun n’a voulu postuler pour Après que M. Erdoğan a insulté cette violation flagrante de l’au- devenir vice-recteur. Plus grave publiquement l’économiste Ayşe tonomie, de la liberté scientifique pour le pouvoir, les manifesta- Buğra, enseignante à Boğazici et des valeurs démocratiques de tions se sont étendues à Ankara, mais aussi épouse de l’activiste notre université». C’est que ou 69 personnes ont été arrêtées. Osman Kavala, prisonnier poli- Boğazici, l’une des universités Le 3, après de nouveaux affronte- tique depuis 2017, près de 140 publiques les plus anciennes et ments toujours émaillés de bru- économistes turcs ont signé un prestigieuses du pays, a une his- talités policières, le leader du message commun pour défendre toire de résistance à la dictature MHP Devlet Bahceli a traité les celle-ci, se déclarant «fiers et remontant aux années 90, quand manifestants de «serpents veni- honorés» de l’avoir comme col- elle avait réussi à empêcher la meux, vandales et barbares» lègue. Le Président turc l’avait nomination d’un recteur et (Duvar). Ces déclarations, les accusée d’être «parmi les provo- imposé le résultat d’une élection propos homophobes et anti- cateurs à l’Université Boğazici». interne. Puis elle avait provoqué LGBT d’Erdoğan, ainsi que les Le 10, on comptait onze arresta- un scandale pour «haute trahi- violences policières, n’ont fait tions d’étudiants, dont quatre son» en coorganisant un colloque que renforcer la détermination pour lesquels les charges sur la situation des Arméniens des protestataires. n’étaient pas connues. Le 11, un dans l’Empire ottoman d’avant étudiant a été à la fois assigné à 1915 (Libération) Les États-Unis ont fait part de résidence avec port d’un bracelet leur «préoccupation» à propos électronique et condamné à se La répression des étudiants qui des arrestations d’étudiants et présenter une fois par semaine refusaient le «recteur-kayyum» ont condamné la «rhétorique au commissariat, deux ordres (administrateur nommé, en réfé- anti-LGBT» des autorités, tout impossibles à respecter simulta- rence aux municipalités kurdes) a comme plusieurs dirigeants de la nément. Les étudiants rassem- pourtant été féroce: bouclage de Commission européenne et le blés en soutien aux accusés tout le quartier, tabassage et Bureau des Droits de l'homme devant le tribunal, transformé en usage de gaz lacrymogènes et de des Nations Unies. Le 4, le minis- véritable camp retranché, ont été balles de défense par la police. tre turc des Affaires étrangères a frappés et incarcérés par la L’AKP et le MHP, son allié d’ex- sèchement rejeté ces critiques police. Les manifestations ont trême-droite, ont hurlé au nou- d’«affaires intérieures à la rassemblé enseignants, syndica- veau «Gezi» et au «défi terro- Turquie» qui «encouragent des listes et membres d’associations riste». Le 1er février, le campus actions illégales». Le 5, M. de la société civile. Au moins 565 s’est transformé en camp retran- Erdoğan, reprenant l’attitude personnes ont été incarcérées ché, avec des tireurs d’élite provocatrice qui lui vaut le sou- (Duvar). Malgré cette violente déployés sur les toits des bâti- tien de l’extrême-droite, a répression, le mouvement s’est ments. Plusieurs députés HDP, ordonné la création de facultés propagé à Ankara, Izmir et n° 431 • février 2021 Bulletin de liaison et d’information • 3 • Adana, et 147 intellectuels, dont suivi sa répression antikurde. ont surtout détruit plusieurs vil- le Prix Nobel de littérature Après l’arrestation de 30 partici- lages de la zone, la guérilla a Orhan Pamuk, ont publié une pants d’un meeting à Batman le conservé ses moyens, et les com- lettre de soutien aux étudiants. 29 janvier, durant la première mandos turcs, isolés les uns des Au 11, on comptait plus de 600 semaine de février, deux respon- autres dans un difficile terrain arrestations depuis le début du sables de jeunesse du HDP ont accidenté, sont devenus des mouvement le 4 janvier (Le été condamnés à des peines de cibles. Au lieu de la «bonne nou- Monde). prison pour «direction d’une velle» attendue, le ministre de la Simultanément, le pouvoir a organisation terroriste» après Défense Hulusi Akar a dû annon- aussi attaqué une autre institu- deux semaines de détention pré- cer la nuit du 12 la mort de trois tion académique prestigieuse ventive. Tandis qu’un tribunal de soldats et surtout de «13 citoyens d’Istanbul: l’université franco- Diyarbakir condamnait un turcs civils exécutés par le PKK». phone de Galatasaray. Suite au ancien responsable du DBP à six Après ce résultat, les opérations refus récent de deux fédérations ans et trois mois de prison pour dans la région ont été interrom- islamiques turques de France de «appartenance à une organisa- pues. Dans l’hystérie antikurde signer la «Charte des principes tion terroriste», à Ankara, un qui a suivi, on a appris que les pour l’islam de France» et aux autre tribunal rejetait de nou- soi-disant civils décédés étaient tensions qui ont suivi, les ensei- veau la demande de libération de des militaires, des policiers et des gnants français de l’université Selahattin Demirtaş par la Cour membres du renseignement… doivent maintenant obtenir un européenne des droits de diplôme de maîtrise de la langue l'homme (CEDH), la qualifiant Arguant avoir toujours libéré ses turque, une mesure en miroir de de «non contraignante »… (WKI) prisonniers dans le passé, le PKK ce qui est demandé aux imams Puis en deux jours à peine, du 10 a réfuté toute exécution.
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