AAbstractsbstracts VVolumeolume Growth, Conservation and Responsibility Promoting Good Governance and Corporate Stewardship through Impact Assessment

27th Annual Conference International Association for Impact Assessment

3-9 June 2007 COEX Convention Center Seoul, Korea

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Notes

This document contains the abstracts for papers and posters presented at IAIA07, “Growth, Conservation and Responsibility: Promoting Good Governance and Corporate Stewardship through Impact Assessment,” the 27th annual conference of the International Association for Impact Assessment.

Abstracts and updates received by IAIA online per submission and updating guidelines and with the presenting author registered in full on or before 15 March 2007 are included.

Abstracts, as available, are arranged in alphabetical order by the presenting (first) author. Abstracts have been formatted for style consistency and minimally edited; otherwise, text and contact information are generally reproduced as submitted by the author(s).

Full proceedings are published on CD-ROM following the conference.

Authors

Bruch, Carl...... 44 A Bultink, Benno...... 91, 92, 101, 102 Bunteongjit, Kannikar...... 55 Abate, Asferachew...... 11 Burdge, Rabel...... 20 Abordi, Marco...... 17 Burke, Marshall...... 108 Adhikari, Dipak...... 11 Burlakota, Gokul Prasad...... 150 Admasu, Mesfin ...... 11 Burwood, Andrew ...... 21, 33 Aguinaco-Bravo, Vicente ...... 36 Bynoe, Paulette ...... 21 Ahn, Kyung-Hee...... 149 Byun, Byung Seol ...... 21, 22 Ahn, Se Ah...... 21, 22 Aikins, Regina...... 12 C Al Riyami, Maisoon ...... 11 Ali, Saleem...... 12 Carter, Jeremy ...... 22 Álvarez-Chávez, María del Carmen ...... 36 Catalon, Maria Lourdes Nanette ...... 22 Amakiri, Jonathan ...... 31 Cezar, Elsie P ...... 95 Amilivia Barreto, Fabricio ...... 113 Chae, Jinho...... 23, 65 Amiri, Bahman Jabbarian...... 149 Chae, Min-Hi...... 148 Amoako, Richmond...... 12 Chahng, Eun-Soo ...... 81 Amoke, Irene...... 12 Chalabianlou, Reza ...... 43 Ampim Sackey, Michael...... 13 Chambi, Alexander ...... 23 Annandale, David...... 13 Chandrtat, Pitiporn...... 55 Aranha, Carlos Henrique...... 13 Chang, Nam Ik...... 98 Araújo Soares, Vania ...... 113 Chang, Tung-Wan ...... 146 Arts, Jos...... 14, 100, 140 Chang, Won Keun ...... 24, 100, 128 Aschemann, Ralf...... 41 Chanthaphone, Soutsakhone ...... 24 Aspuru, Itziar...... 107 Charerntanyarak, Lertchai ...... 52 Asuquo, Leo...... 14 Chau, Dao Minh...... 112 Attanayake, Kalyanaratne...... 14 Chechetkin, Vladimir...... 62 Attanayake, Nilmini ...... 14, 149 Chen, Shenjie ...... 29 Axelsson, Anna...... 15 Cheng, Hongguang...... 24, 25 Ayasuk, Chrisian ...... 145 Cheng, Honhguang...... 48, 49 Chevalier, Jacques ...... 122 B Chisholm, Amanda ...... 14, 26 Cho, Cheol Joo ...... 70 Babasaki, Masahiro ...... 15 Cho, Kong Jang ...... 27, 77 Badarch, Mendbayar...... 79 Cho, Kwangwoo...... 56, 66, 88 Bae, Hyunjoo ...... 15, 66, 109 Cho, Kyu Man ...... 21, 22 Bae, MyoungSoon ...... 16 Cho, Sung Hoon ...... 72 Baik, Jong-Jin ...... 63 Cho, Yong-Hyeon ...... 27 Baily, Marc ...... 135 Choi, Byoung-Cheol...... 28, 63, 65, 77 Baines, James ...... 16 Choi, Doo San ...... 69, 70 Baker, Krista ...... 35 Choi, Han Na ...... 110 Balfors, Berit ...... 16 Choi, Jai-Ung ...... 28 Belcakova, Ingrid ...... 41 Choi, Joon-Gyu...... 27 Belgiorno, Vincenzo ...... 16 Choi, Kyoungyoung ...... 28 Bettini, Virginio ...... 17, 18, 88, 90 Choi, Mihee...... 28 Birley, Martin ...... 18 Choi, Sangki ...... 133 Blaschke, Paul ...... 135 Choi, Tae Bong...... 65 Bond, Alan ...... 44 Choi, Yu Kyung...... 110 Bongardt, Daniel ...... 18, 32 Christensen, Vern ...... 87 Borla, Gabriele ...... 142 Chuenchit, Wipawa...... 102 Borrego, Carlos...... 30 Chun, Dong Jun...... 29, 120 Bouaphachanh, Viengkhone...... 131 Chun, Sang-Ki ...... 56 Boubacar, Djibo ...... 141 Chung, Il-rok ...... 148 Boudphommueng, Somphath ...... 124 Ciuriak, Dan ...... 29 Bouvier, Anne-Laure ...... 19 Clausen, Javier ...... 30 Bouvoune, ViIlavan ...... 131 Cobb, Dick ...... 44 Brewster, Luther...... 19 Colosimo, Ken ...... 84 Bringas, Nora Leticia...... 140 Contreras, Sergio...... 30 Brisco, Margaux ...... 19 Corby, Angus ...... 26 Bristol-Alagbariya, Edward...... 20 Costa de Assis, Antônio Augusto...... 86 Bronevoi, Vladislav ...... 61 Coutinho, Miguel...... 30 Brons, Johan...... 20 Craig, Jennifer ...... 26 Brown, David...... 19 Crawford, Imogen ...... 30 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume -

Cullen, Sean ...... 21, 33 Fujikura, Ryo...... 60 Cunchao, Yuan ...... 84 Furu, Peter...... 41, 52 Cuong, Pham Anh...... 95 G D Gagnon, Christiane ...... 19 Dada, Oritsetimeyin...... 31 Garcia de Brigard, Juan Carlos...... 41 Dadang, Purnama...... 31 García, Gemma ...... 107 Dalkmann, Holger ...... 32 Gaskell, Joanne ...... 108 d'Auria, Lianda ...... 33 Gazzola, Paola...... 41 Davidson, Gillian ...... 21, 33 Geng, Haiqing...... 42 Davis, Frank...... 126 Gherbavaz, Hugo...... 42 de Goes Leite de Barros, Ruy...... 113 Ghodoosi, Feraidoon ...... 31, 42 De Mulder, Jan...... 34 Giannella, Giuseppe ...... 16 De Silva, Kanthi...... 149 Gianoni, Pippo ...... 17 del Rosario, Rosemarie...... 34 Gilmer, Alan ...... 45 Dela Maza-Borja, Eduardo...... 91 Goh, Kuan...... 43 den Broeder, Lea ...... 34 Golby, Alison...... 43, 44 d'Entremont, Andre ...... 35 Goldman, Lisa...... 44 Desmond, Margaret ...... 35 Gomez Osorio, Maria Teresa...... 44 Devlin, John ...... 35 Gong, Li ...... 24, 25, 49 Devotta, Sukumar ...... 141 Gonzalez, Ainhoa...... 45 Dey, Dipayan...... 36 Gough, Janet ...... 135 Diaz-Chavez, Rocio ...... 36 Grabowecky, Rick ...... 45 Díaz-Perea, Francisco Javier...... 36 Greig, Lorne...... 45 Doan Ngoc, Hai...... 37 Grigorieva, Maria ...... 61 Domingos, Elizabete ...... 114 Grochowska-Niedworok...... 46 Donnelly, Alison ...... 37, 96 Gry, Peter...... 45 Doran, Russ ...... 85 Guerzoni, Stefano ...... 90 Draaijers, Geert...... 34 Gulis, Gabriel ...... 45 Dung, Phan Anh...... 32 Guo, Liang ...... 134 Duyen, Nguyen van...... 112 H E Ha, Jongsik ...... 46, 66, 109 Early, Gerard...... 97 Ha, Sung Ryong..... 16, 46, 47, 48, 110, 112, 121, Eber, Sue ...... 38 148 Eggenberger, Markus...... 112 Hamada, Ryunosuke ...... 106 Elliott, Eva ...... 43 Hamadina, Mohammed...... 48 Emaruchi, Bunlur...... 93 Han, Sang Wook...... 59, 64, 68, 77 Emerhi, E.A...... 103 Han, Young Han ...... 64, 68, 70 Emmelin, Lars ...... 76 Hannah, Lee ...... 126 Enriquez, Santiago...... 123 Hao, Fanghua ...... 48, 49 Enserink, Bert...... 38, 145 Hara, Nobuhiro...... 49 Erdelez, Anita...... 38 Harashina, Sachihiko ...... 49, 50, 127 Ertel, Jeurgen...... 136 Harriman, Jill ...... 50 Esteves, Ana Maria ...... 38 Hayashi, Kii...... 50 Eum, Jeong-Hee ...... 39 Helming, Katharina ...... 125 Herberg, Alfred...... 37 F Herreborg Jørgensen, Tine...... 51 Hirvonen, Kimmo ...... 74 Faith-Ell, Charlotta ...... 14, 16, 39 Hodur, Nancy M ...... 83 Fajardo, Belinda...... 39, 150 Hokkanen, Pekka...... 51 Fedra, Kurt ...... 40 Hong, Hyun-Jung ...... 55 Fehr, Rainer ...... 101 Hong, Jeong-Hwa ...... 81 Fehrenbach, Ute ...... 39 Hong, Jun Suk ...... 51 Feliu, Efren...... 107 Hong, Min Ho ...... 83 Ferreira, Sandra...... 113 Hooper, Michael...... 121, 122 Filin, Pavel ...... 61 Hossain, Md. Khalid ...... 52 Finney, Rob...... 144 Hugé, Jean...... 52 Fischer, Thomas B ...... 41 Huh, Yu Jeong ...... 98 Flores, Augusto...... 121, 122 Hwang, Jae Seok...... 47 Foley, Ronan...... 45 Hwang, Jong-Yeon ...... 148 Frederikson, Pia...... 125 Freitas Couto, Leandro ...... 113 Fry, John ...... 45

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I Kim, Ho...... 46 Kim, Im Soon ...... 64, 68 Ide, Makoto ...... 146 Kim, Jae-cheol ...... 81 Inmuong, Uraiwan...... 52 Kim, Jae-Uk ...... 70, 104 Inmuong, Yanyong...... 53 Kim, Jandi ...... 12 Inoue, Shigeru...... 50 Kim, Ji Young...... 29, 69, 71, 75 Islami, Besim...... 53 Kim, Jin Hwan...... 70 Ito, Masaru...... 53 Kim, Jin-Oh ...... 69 Ivanova, Galina...... 86, 120 Kim, Jiyoun ...... 67 Kim, Jiyoung ...... 28, 64, 77 J Kim, Jong Min ...... 63, 64, 66, 69 Jalava, Kimmo ...... 54, 75 Kim, Jongdeog...... 99 Jang, Gab-Sue...... 54, 58 Kim, Joon Hyun ...... 69, 70, 71 Jang, Seong-wan ...... 79, 105 Kim, Jung...... 54 Jang, Young-Kee ...... 54 Kim, Jun-Hwan ...... 148 Jeon, In-Soo...... 55 Kim, Ke Chung...... 94 Jeon, Seong-Woo ...... 55 Kim, Kee Dae...... 65 Jeong, Hoi-Seong ...... 111 Kim, Ki Kyeong ...... 64 Jeong, Seunghyun ...... 105 Kim, Kyu Rang...... 63 Jeong, Won-Mo...... 81 Kim, Kyung-Tae ...... 68, 80, 111 Jeong, Won-Sam ...... 58 Kim, Min-kyung ...... 67 Jeoung, Myung-Gook...... 147 Kim, Myung-Hyun ...... 66, 109 Jha Thakur, Urmila...... 41 Kim, Myungjin ...... 67 Ji, Heongsun...... 126 Kim, Seongtaek ...... 65 Jianchun, Wang ...... 84 Kim, Soontae ...... 96 Jin, Guoping...... 135 Kim, Sung-ok ...... 67, 82 Jindawattana, Amphon ...... 55 Kim, Tae Kyu ...... 65 Johann, Koeppel ...... 143 Kim, Tai J...... 40 Johnson, Brent...... 56 Kim, Won Hee...... 63 Jones, Mike...... 37 Kim, Won Myeong ...... 64 Joo, Yongjun...... 56, 88 Kim, Yeon-Hee ...... 63 Joo, Young-Joon...... 27 Kim, YongHwan ...... 57 Jung, Dong-Il...... 148 Kim, Young Ha...... 80 Jung, Eui Sung...... 57, 80 Kim, Younggeel ...... 65 Jung, In-Su...... 57 Kim, Younghwan...... 74 Jung, Ji-Hyang ...... 67 Kirchgeorg, Manfred ...... 72 Jung, Jong-Gwan...... 54, 58, 59 Kishita, Mizuo ...... 73, 93 Jung, Jong-Han...... 56 Kittiwarodom, Supaporn...... 32 Jung, Juchul...... 58 Knol, Anne ...... 34 Jung, Nam-In ...... 58 Ko, Chang Hwan...... 47 Jung, Sung Gwan ...... 68, 80, 111 Ko, Ick Hwan...... 121, 127, 128, 129 Jung, Sunhee...... 130 Koech, Michael ...... 73 Koenig, Bettina ...... 125 Koh, Kang Suk...... 64 K Kolhoff, Arend ...... 73 Kaariainen, Janne ...... 35, 59 Kong, Hak Yang...... 66 Kähö, Tiina...... 59 Kontes, Prachoen ...... 73 Kang, Byung-Jin...... 55 Koo, Hae-Jung...... 63 Kang, Ho Geun ...... 110 Koo, Jakon...... 74 Kang, Jae-Gu...... 27 Köppel, Johann...... 39 Kang, Sun-hong...... 77 Kørnøv, Lone ...... 74 Karimi, Syafruddin...... 60 Kotova, Maria...... 61 Kelly, Charles...... 60 Kuiper, Hans ...... 53 Kempenaar, Christa ...... 91, 92, 101, 102 Kuitunen, Markku...... 54, 74 Kerapletswe, Charity...... 60 Kulatunga, Albert Alupathange ...... 31 Khadka, Ram ...... 61 Kurosaki, Yasusuke ...... 123 Khadka, Ram Bahadur...... 61 Kusumoto, Yoshinobu...... 146 Khanal, Anil...... 61 Kwiatkowski, Roy...... 75 Khotuleva, Marina ...... 61, 62 Kwon, Do-Gyun ...... 111 Kigonya, Anita...... 62 Kwon, Young Han...... 29, 75 Kihaule, Joseph ...... 62 Kwon, Young-Ah...... 67 Kil, Ji Hyon...... 63, 66 Kim, Cheol Jin...... 130, 147 L Kim, Dong-Yeob...... 28 Kim, Duk Woo...... 64 Laamari, Abdelali ...... 75 Kim, Eun-Young...... 71, 72 Labhasetwar, Pawan Kumar...... 150

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Labuschagne, Carin ...... 143 Lindemark, Helena...... 85 Lacdan, Natividad F ...... 150 Loayza, Fernando ...... 85 Laçi, Hysni ...... 53 Lockie, Stewart ...... 86, 120 Lajoie, Ginette...... 76 Lopez, Gustave...... 114 Larmie, Seth...... 12 Lossack, Harald ...... 107 Larsson, Stefan...... 76 Lowrance, Courtney...... 86 Le Dang, Hoan...... 76 Lundberg, Kristina...... 39 Lee, ByungHwa...... 57 Lee, Chan-Sik ...... 57 M Lee, Chong-Soo...... 55 Lee, Choon-won...... 77 MacDonald, Alistair ...... 135 Lee, Dae-Geun...... 28, 77 Machado, Hugo...... 86 Lee, Do Kyung ...... 83 Macharia, Sarah...... 87 Lee, Dong-kun...... 71, 72, 79, 82, 104, 105, 148 Mackenzie-Scott, Gabrielle ...... 87 Lee, Dongwoo...... 105 Maeng, Junho ...... 56, 66, 88 Lee, Gusung ...... 100 Magro, Giuseppe ...... 88, 89, 90 Lee, Gyoung-Sook ...... 111 Manaog, Melanie ...... 22 Lee, Hwakyun ...... 74 Manomaipiboon, Kobkaew...... 93 Lee, Hye Keun ...... 127, 128, 129 Mansur, Hamdun Rashid ...... 89 Lee, Hyoun-Young ...... 111 Marangoni, Federica ...... 17 Lee, Hyun-Woo ...... 81 Marchesini Ferreira, Sandra Neusa ...... 86, 89 Lee, Jae Hee...... 110 Markus, Eric...... 90 Lee, Jae Ho...... 65 Marotta, Leonardo...... 88, 90 Lee, Jae-Choon...... 58 Marshall, Ross ...... 119 Lee, Jae-Hac...... 23 Martinez-Garcia, Jaime...... 91 Lee, JaeYil ...... 48 Martins Dias, Luis ...... 91, 101, 102 Lee, Jeom-Sook...... 23 Martuzzi, Marco ...... 46, 92 Lee, Jeongho ...... 57, 79, 80 Mashinga, Theobald ...... 92 Lee, Jisun...... 100 Mathur, Vinod B ...... 92, 118 Lee, Jiwang...... 65 Matsuyuki, Mihoko ...... 73, 93 Lee, Jong Ho...... 78, 104 May, Anja...... 143 Lee, Jungmin ...... 125 McClymont-Peace, Diane ...... 19 Lee, Jungwoo...... 74 McCullough, Ellen ...... 108 Lee, Kyoo-seock ...... 81 Mchome, Beatrice ...... 93 Lee, Kyounga...... 74 Mickelson, John ...... 94 Lee, Moung-Jin ...... 55 Milintangkul, Ugrid ...... 55 Lee, Mu Choon...... 74, 77, 83 Mirumachi, Naho...... 99 Lee, Murray...... 78 Misiuchenka, Viktoryia ...... 94 Lee, Myung-woo...... 82 Miyashita, Yuki...... 49 Lee, Sang Eun ...... 110 Mlakar, Borut...... 137 Lee, Sang Hoon ...... 54 Mmom, Prince Chinedu ...... 94 Lee, Sangbum...... 83 Moghe, Chandrashekhar ...... 95 Lee, Sang-don...... 67, 77, 82 Moghe, Chandrashekhar Anantrao ...... 95 Lee, Seung Chul ...... 47 Monkhoo, Monkhtulga...... 95 Lee, Seung Ho ...... 23 Montañez-Cartaxo, Luis E...... 36 Lee, Seung Hoon ...... 78 Moon, Nankyoung...... 96 Lee, Seungho...... 67 Moon, Pil Joong ...... 147 Lee, Suk Ho ...... 64, 68 Mooney, Peter...... 96 Lee, Sung Woo ...... 147 Moradi, Hossein ...... 96 Lee, Sungwoo ...... 125 Morgan, Richard ...... 127 Lee, Won-Seok ...... 57 Morigi, Massimo...... 18 Lee, Woo-Kyun ...... 130 Morrison, Elizabeth ...... 26 Lee, Woo-Sung ...... 68, 80, 111 Morrison-Saunders, Angus ...... 97, 115, 119, 140 Lee, Yeon-Hee...... 149 Mosgaard, Mette ...... 51 Lee, Yong-Woon ...... 58 Moua, Keu...... 97 Lee, Young Soo ...... 80 Mujuni, Harriet...... 97 Lee, Young-Joon...... 79 Mullen, Gabrielle ...... 139 Lee, Young-Shin ...... 111 Mun, Hyun Saing ...... 98 Lee, YoungSook...... 78 Murata, Tomoyoshi ...... 43 Leistritz, F. Larry ...... 83 Mwakaje Kamanga, Agnes ...... 98 Liang, Xuegong...... 84 Mwakipesile, Augustino ...... 98 Lie, Rico ...... 145 Mwalyosi, Raphael...... 23 Lien, Kent...... 84 Lijun, Ren...... 84 Liljedahl, Birgitta...... 84, 142 Lim, Jaeyoung...... 58

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Park, Joo Hyun ...... 64, 68 Park, Jung-Ha...... 47 N Park, Kyung Hun...... 68, 80, 111 Park, Mi Ran ...... 110 Na, Jungho...... 99 Park, Sangyoung ...... 110, 112 Nakayama, Mikiyasu...... 60, 99 Park, Se-Hoon ...... 111 Nam, Jungho...... 100, 147 Park, Seokhyo ...... 126 Nam, Le Hoai ...... 149 Park, Su Young...... 98 Nascimento, Paulo Tromboni...... 13 Park, Su-Jeong ...... 148 Navaratne, Udayachandra Ratnawansha Park, Youngmin ...... 133 Bandara...... 95 Partidario, Maria ...... 13, 112, 113 Navida, Criste Z ...... 149 Pasanen, Sanna ...... 54 Nickel, Elke ...... 72 Patiri, Victor ...... 113 Nijsten, Roel...... 100 Pawley, Kim ...... 45 Nishikizawa, Shigeo...... 101 Pellegrini, Stefania...... 89 Nishiura, Sadatsugu...... 73, 93 Pelletier, Pierre ...... 21, 33 Noble, Bram...... 50 Pengkam, Somporn ...... 55, 114 Nowacki, Julia ...... 101 Perez-Soba, Marta...... 125 Nuesink, Jan ...... 91, 92, 101, 102 Picchio, Stefano...... 90 Nuntavorakarn, Suphakit ...... 102 Pinho, Raquel ...... 30 Nwiisuator, David ...... 103 Pinilla Urzola, Angela...... 114 Nyedrup, Karma C ...... 13 Pirillo, Ernesto...... 114 Pisanty-Levy, Julieta...... 115 O Podhora, Aranka...... 115 Pope, Jenny...... 115 O'Beirne, Sean...... 61 Pratt, Cynthia ...... 116 Obradovic, Bora ...... 103 Prendergast, Terry...... 37 Odekunle, Jokotade Folasade ...... 104 Pu, Xiao ...... 25 Oh, Kyounghee...... 67 Pulido-Castañon, Jesus...... 91 Oh, Kyushik...... 72, 105 Oh, Seung-hwan ...... 79, 105 Oh, Won Jin ...... 104 Q Oh, Young-Chool ...... 104 Qain, Yibing ...... 116 Ohene Sarfoh, Rita ...... 106 Quigley, Robert...... 117 Ohkura, Toshiaki...... 106 Quintero, Juan ...... 41, 117 Ohkuro, Toshiya...... 146 Ojile, Meshach ...... 106 R Olazabal, Marta...... 107 Olearius, Axel...... 107 Radojcic, Dusica ...... 117 Oleson, Kirsten ...... 108 Rajvanshi, Asha...... 93, 118 Olsson, Svante...... 85 Ramahobo, Segaetsho Shado...... 118 O'Mahony, Tadhg...... 37 Ramteke, Dilip ...... 95 Onyango, Vincent ...... 108 Ravdan, Myagmar ...... 118, 149 Orenstein, Marla ...... 78 Regalado, Ayn Grace...... 118 Ortega Vásquez, Nancy Milagros ...... 108 Retief, Francois...... 119 Osaliya, Richard...... 109 Rhee, Deok-Gil ...... 119 Otorepec, Peter...... 46 Ro, Tae Ho ...... 29, 120 Oyaro, Duncan...... 109 Roachanakanan, Raywadee...... 93 Oyebade, Bukola, A ...... 103 Rodsawad, Jittima ...... 120 Roh, Baik-ho ...... 67 P Rolfe, John...... 86, 120 Rosnati, Chiara ...... 18, 88 Paddon, Michael ...... 112 Ross, Bill...... 121 Padilla-Velasco, Carmen Elena ...... 109 Rousseaux, Patrick...... 122 Panza, Daniele...... 16 Ryu, EulRyul ...... 16 Park, Chang Yong...... 111 Ryu, Taesang ...... 121 Park, Daehee ...... 112 Park, Gwang-Ho ...... 80 S Park, Hansan ...... 23 Park, Hyun-Su...... 57 Saczkowski, John ...... 121, 122 Park, In-Hwan ...... 54 Salah, Nuha ...... 150 Park, In-Hyeok ...... 46 Salazar, Claudia ...... 122 Park, Jeongim ...... 15, 46, 66, 109 Sanchez, Luis ...... 123 Park, Ji-Eun ...... 67 Sanchez-Triana, Ernesto ...... 123 Park, Jin Hee ...... 80 Santa Coloma, Oscar...... 107 Park, Jong Whan ...... 69 Sato, Ritsuko ...... 123

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Sauvaly, Vivath ...... 124, 131 Tembo, Mackion ...... 136 Sayyalath, Ekvinay...... 150 ten Holder, Veronica ...... 34 Scarpanti, Stefano...... 89 Teodori, Francesco ...... 89 Scherer, Dieter...... 39 Thamsenanupap, Penkhae...... 53 Schirmer, Jacki...... 124 Thorne, James ...... 126 Schmid, Bernhard ...... 96 Thullier, Wilfried ...... 126 Schoesser, Birthe...... 125 Tommasel, Enrico ...... 90 Senechal, Donald M...... 83 Torresi, Fabrizio ...... 17 Seo, Changwan...... 126 Treweek, Jo ...... 139 Seo, Jinwon ...... 125, 126 Trotter, Doug...... 56 Shakib-Manesh, Tiina ...... 74 Tscherning, Karen...... 125 Shakir, Aslam...... 127 Tshivhandekano, Aubrey ...... 136 Shanaurin, Dmitry ...... 61 Tumbo, Madaka ...... 136 Sharma, Suman ...... 61 Shimizutani, Takashi ...... 127 U Shin, Chul-Oh...... 128, 147 Shin, Dongwon...... 128 Udomporn, Teerayut ...... 53 Shin, Gihye ...... 130 Ugochukwu, Collins ...... 136 Shin, Hyun Chul ...... 63 Urago, Akiko ...... 124, 131 Shin, Jae-Ki...... 127, 128, 129 Ursic, Andrej ...... 137 Shin, Young Chul ...... 128 Ursic, Simona...... 137 Shin, Young Kyu ...... 65 Urzelai, Arantzazu...... 107 Singh, Harsh Vardhan...... 129, 140 Ussavathirakul, Nirachara...... 55 Singh, Rishi Narayan ...... 141 Uwimbabazi, Berina ...... 137 Smith, Graeme...... 121, 122 Soares Gavião, Roberta...... 89 V Söderman, Tarja ...... 129 van Alphen, Theo...... 34 Soeberg, Matthew...... 46 van Gent, Petrie ...... 73, 138 Son, Min-Ho ...... 129 Van Kemenade, Solange ...... 19 Song, Won-kyong...... 82 van Putten, Maartje...... 138 Song, Young-Il ...... 130 Van, Pham Thi Mai ...... 149 Songpragob, Tanawan...... 32 Vanclay, Frank ...... 138 Sopapoom, Navin...... 120 Varkalis, Ben...... 139 Sosovele, Hussein ...... 130 Varnäs, Annika...... 16 Sotiri, Matilda ...... 131 Vathi, Elona...... 139 Sotoudeh, Ahad ...... 42 Vemuri, Siva Ram ...... 139 Souvannavong, Somphath...... 131 Venn, Orlando...... 139 Stevanin, Marco ...... 17 Verduzco-Chavez, Basilio...... 140 Stiff, Kaarina ...... 131 Verheem, Rob...... 140 Stoms, David...... 126 Verma, Parikshit...... 140 Storch, Harry...... 132 Viloria, Dolores M...... 31 Storm, Ilse...... 34 Stoughton, Mark...... 132, 133 Strizhova, Tatiana ...... 62 W Subasinghe Arachchige, Gamini Lakshman .....32 Waaub, Jean-Philippe...... 19, 141 Suh, Min Hwan...... 65 Wachukwu, Confidence Kinikannwo ...... 141, 142 Sukkumnoed, Decharut...... 102, 114 Waleij, Annica ...... 84, 142 Sumini, Marco ...... 88, 89 Wang, Dan...... 24, 25, 49 Sun, Hyosung...... 133 Wang, Xiao ...... 48 Sun, Wei-Chien...... 146 Warren, Julie...... 135 Sushko, Alla ...... 133 Watanabe, M...... 134 Swee Lian, Khew ...... 150 Wate, Satish...... 95, 141 Sweeny, John...... 45 Weaver, Alex...... 143 Syed Sahab, Sharifah Zakiah ...... 95 Wende, Wolfgang ...... 143 Wessels, Francisca...... 143 T Wetang'ula, Gabriel...... 144 White, Graham...... 87 Tachibana, N...... 134 Wiggering, Hubert ...... 125 Tahir, Akino...... 133 Wijesooriya, Wijesooriya A. D. D ...... 95 Takeda, M ...... 134 Williams, Gareth...... 43 Takesada, Naruhiko ...... 134 Witchalls, Ben ...... 144 Talpur, Mir Sajjad Hussain ...... 95 Witteveen, Loes ...... 145 Tang, Tao...... 134 Wolf, C.P...... 103, 145 Tapsell, Mary...... 135 Woods, Jeremy ...... 36 Taylor, Nick ...... 135 Wotto, Marguerite ...... 141 Teixeira, Izabella...... 113

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Wright, James T C ...... 146 Yoon, Se-Jong ...... 58 Wu, Hsiao-Tien ...... 146 Yoon, So-won ...... 79, 105 Wu, Zhaoning...... 117 Yoon, Sung-hyun ...... 77 Yoon, Sung-Soon ...... 147 X You, Ju Han ...... 80 You, Ju-Han...... 68 Xiao, Duning ...... 150 You, Jun-Han...... 111 Xu, He...... 134 Yu, Soon-Ju ...... 148 Yun, Seong-Taek...... 79 Y Yun, Zhou ...... 32 Yurkin, Egor ...... 61 Yakunina, Natalia...... 69, 71 Yamamoto, Shori ...... 146 Yang, Won-Mo ...... 58 Z Yee, Jeong Min ...... 146 Zhang, Jiaxun ...... 49 Yeon, Myung Hun ...... 65 Zhang, Minxia ...... 49 Yoo, Byungho ...... 67 Zhao, Xinfeng ...... 149 Yoo, HeonSeok...... 78 Zheng, Shaoqing ...... 150 Yook, Keunhyung...... 100, 147 Zhou, Huarong...... 150 Yoon, Eun Joo ...... 148 Zhu, Chenyan ...... 150 Yoon, Jeong-Ho...... 57, 81 Yoon, Jin-Sook...... 147

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IAIA07 Paper and Poster Abstracts

286. (Paper) These issues need to be brought up in the Environmental Impact Assessment in the appropriate sections in this any development areas. Booming Floriculture Industry of Ethiopia Nevertheless, the information published by us provides a basis for assessing the state of the Abate, Asferachew; Environment and Social environment in Nepal, as well as factors like Assessment International, P.O. Box 41079, Addis environmental governance, financing, and trade that Ababa, Ethiopia. 00-251-911-24-30-43 Fax 00-251- influence it. The extensive sources listed will provide 11-660-43-79 [email protected] future researchers with a basis

Despite the huge potentials for floriculture Industry 280. (Paper) in Ethiopia, the sector has been neglected until Humbo and Soddo Community-Managed Natural recently. Flower farming was effectively operating in Regeneration Project: Social Assessment not more than 20 ha of land until 2003. The last (Recipient of the IAIA President's Bursary 2007) three years have seen significant developments in flower farming, and at present the area coverage is Admasu, Mesfin; Federal Evironmental Protection estimated at more than 2000 ha of land. Authority, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa Administration

30441 Ethiopia. 211116464879 Fax 21116464882 While the flower industry is beneficial to the country [email protected] in terms of employment creation, foreign exchange earning and multiplier effect on the local economy, it This case study is the first of its kind in Ethiopia. induces undesirable impacts on the environment. Thus, it can be replicated in many parts of Ethiopia The undesirable impacts of the Industry largely in future. emerge from the wide ranges of pesticide use.

The social impact assessment on the Humbo and Despite the significant roles of EIA in avoiding and the Sodo Zuria Wereda Administration of the SNNP mitigating environmental impacts of pesticides, it is part of the “Humbo and Soddo Community- has been reported that EIA studies within the Managed Natural Regeneration Project.” The floriculture Industry in Ethiopia are weak in assessment focuses on a number of Kebeles that addressing environmental and social issues. have communal land in the areas proposed for

regeneration.The assessment report was supposed I strongly believe that environmental damages and to provide information on households that may be health havoc reported elsewhere in the world affected as the result of the envisaged Carbon because of pesticide use can be avoided if the Project. corporates involved in the floriculture industries of

Ethiopia are responsible. The paper will discuss The result of the assessment showed that the environmental impacts of the floriculture industry in number of community members to be displaced due Ethiopia and recommends ways to improve EIA to the implementation of the project would be practices in the sector before it becomes too late. insignificant, and it is in line with the World Bank's

Safe guard policy. Based on the assessment finding, 236. (Paper) it was recommended to implement the project in the How Impact Assessment Is Needed in study area. Sustainable Development in Nepal? (Mixed View) The aim of my paper is to present the result obtained duing the SIA study at Humbo Sodo Adhikari, Dipak; Media Forum for Research & community. Development - Nepal (MFRD), Shrutimarga, Gyaneshwor, Kathmandu, Bagmati Nepal. 00977-1- The expected outcome of the paper to be presented 2081059 Fax 00977-1-4480246 in IAIA07 is to share experiance and learn from the [email protected] international experts on SIA.

Environmental data is still a new and incomplete 330. (Paper) area in Nepal. It can be difficult both to discover Environmental Impact Assessment in an Oil and what data are available and to obtain access to Gas Company-Petroleum Development Oman them. Relevant data are scattered among many Experience institutions, and are often unpublished. There are many gaps and inconsistencies, problems in data Al Riyami, Maisoon; Petroleum Development Oman, quality, lack of clear information about methods and P.O. Box 81, Muscat, 113 Oman. 00968 24675875 definitions used lack of time series, and lack of [email protected] comparability between different data sets.

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Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) is considered 263. (Paper) as the largest oil exploration and producing Gender Issues in the Participatory Approach to company in Oman. PDO’s concession area Resource Management for Water Supply and occupies about 60% of the total Sultanate area. Sanitation in Ghana PDO executes a range of developments of various magnitude and variety, from oil and gas Amoako, Richmond; AY & A Consult, # 5 Odum development projects to construction of sewage Lane, Accra, Greater Accra Region P O Box OS treatment plants and communication towers. 2922 Ghana. +233 21 767408 Fax +233 21 767408 [email protected] | PDO’s statement of general business principles has www.ayaconsult.com made it mandatory to conduct Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prior to all new activities and Larmie, Seth; AY & A Consult, # 5 Odum Lane, facility developments, or significant modifications of Accra, Greater Accra Region P O Box OS 2922 existing projects. In addition PDO undertakes Ghana. +233 21 767408 Fax +233 21 767408 Integrated Impact Assessment (IIA) through which [email protected] | www.ayaconsult.com Environmental, Social and Health impact are considered in a holistic manner. Aikins, Regina; AY & A Consult, # 5 Odum Lane, Accra, Greater Accra Region P O Box OS 2922 The impact assessment process follows a sequence Ghana. +233 21 767408 Fax +233 21 767408 of several steps which starts at the early stage of [email protected] | project definition into design process to minimise www.ayaconsult.com impacts and maximise benefits. The process is linked throughout the project life cycle, from Environmental Assessment (EA) studies are feasibility through design to decommissioning, with employed in Ghana as a resource management tool a clear deliverable at each phase of the Value providing a formal process for the Ghana Assurance Review (VAR) process. This paper Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess discusses impact assessment process in PDO and the environmental and social implications of projects its application to business. in line with the EPA Act 1994, Act 490 and Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999, LI 1652. The Government of Ghana continues to invest 220. (Paper) heavily in the water supply and sanitation sector Conservation Warriors: The Role of the Military under the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy in Transboundary Environmental Protection (GPRS) and also in fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which expects water Ali, Saleem; University of Vermont, 151 S. Prospect supply coverage to increase by the year 2015 from St., Burlington, VT 05401 United States. 802-656- 36% to 68% for rural and 85% to 93% for urban 0173 Fax 802-656-8015 [email protected] | areas, and sanitation from 37% to 69% for rural and http://www.uvm.edu/~shali 54% to 77% for urban areas. These aspirations are continuously scrutinized within the framework of a Border areas are often under military jurisdiction and national Integrated Water Resources Management the impact on the environment in such zones is thus (IWRM) Plan and also the Strategic Environment often considered a security issue, hence reducing Assessment of the Sector. The participatory public knowledge and access. While military approach has been recognized to play a vital part to operations can clearly have a negative impact on implement the development programmes, and the the environment due to ammunition usage and paper examines the critical role of women and testing, there can potentially also be some positive children in both the IWRM study and SEA exercise spillovers of military operations. Border areas may to achieve the MDGs for the sector. become default conservation zones because large infrastructure development is prohibited for security 619. (Poster) reasons. However, despite such positive spillovers, Reclaiming Conservation in Developing the military presence is emblematic of tacit or overt Countries through Sustainable Waste conflict between neighboring states. This paper will Management examine how the role of the military in such contexts can be transformed to have both conservation Amoke, Irene; Environmental Information Exchange, benefits through monitoring and enforcement of School of Life Sciences; Oxford Brookes University, environmental violations and also promote peace. Oxford, OX3 0BP United Kingdom. +0044-1865- Interviews with key military personnel in the United 483-299 [email protected] States, Europe and Asia will be analyzed in this context. Recommendations will be provided to Kim, Jandi; BAA, 3rd Floor; Enterprise House, governments and military planners on training Stansted, CM23 1QW United Kingdom. +0044- border forces in cocnservation issues. Many of the 7825-282-120 [email protected] outdoor survival skills which military personnel are so familiar with could play a vital role in this regard. Conservation efforts continually make headlines as Partnerships between local border communities and man tries to save several species from extinction. the military will also be explored. Tourism, which to a large extent depends on the success of these efforts, has over the past few

12 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - decades been a major source of income for 271. (Paper) countries in transition. Environmental Mainstreaming in Bhutan

Along with substantial economic growth, tourism has Annandale, David; National Environment brought environmental degradation in these Commission of Bhutan, P.O. Box 466, Thimphu, countries as a result of related infrastructure such as Bhutan. 975 2 323 384 Fax 975 2 323 385 hotels and transport systems like airports. Improper [email protected] waste disposal in tourism facilities is a major problem that without proper handling could spiral out Nyedrup, Karma C.; National Environment of control and destroy conservation efforts. Lack of Commission of Bhutan, P.O.Box 466, Thimphu, waste-related legislation and poor implementation Bhutan. 975 2 323 384 Fax 975 2 323 385 has turned tourism into an environmental opponent [email protected] in several developing countries. As is the case with many developing countries in the Managing waste in tourism infrastructure is essential region, Bhutan has a strong environmental in mitigating threats to the natural environment, but regulatory framework, and an active environmental it can also provide a strong understanding of how impact assessment system. Unlike many of its certain waste material can be profitable. Through a neighbours, however, Bhutan also has a very strong comprehensive assessment of issues arising as a legal basis for strategic environmental assessment. result of non-compliance, potential risks are This provides an excellent opportunity for the identified from common practices. These can country to extend beyond project assessment, to provide an early identification system of any build environmental concerns into the strategic increasing risk, enabling preventative or corrective planning activities of line Ministries and regional measures to be put in place to protect the governments. surrounding environment and ultimately help in using resources efficiently and maintaining This paper outlines some recent progress made in conservation efforts. explaining the techniques associated with environmental mainstreaming, especially in relation to the five-year National Development Planning 701. (Paper) process. It also aims to provide ideas and guidance Impact of Mining on Community Water - Tarkwa for other developing countries that are in a similar Mine in Ghana situation.

Ampim Sackey, Michael; Gold Fields Ghana Limited -Tarkwa Mine, TK26, Tarkwa, WA Ghana. 233- 383. (Paper) 36222401 Fax [email protected] Lessons from the São Paulo-Brazil Ringroad Strategic Environmental Assessment Mining often occurs in or near sensitive natural environments and most often, the impact on Aranha, Carlos Henrique; PRIME Engenharia, Av. community water and fauna is undesirable. Damage Vereador Jose Diniz, 2466, São Paulo, São Paulo or clearing of native vegetation most often leads not 04604-004 Brazil. +55-11-5535.1618 Fax +55-11- only to direct losses but also fragmentation of 5535.1618 / 103 [email protected] habitat such as rainfall runoff from disturbed land leading to soil erosion, turbidity, siltation or pollution Nascimento, Paulo Tromboni; University of São of local streams. Solutions from processing can also Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 908, São Paulo, be a major pollutant on both surface and ground São Paulo Brazil. +55-11-3032.0519 water. This research assesses the quality of surface [email protected] water discharge into the communities as well community water provided by Gold Fields Ghana Partidário, Maria Rosário; Technical University of Limited, as part of its industry approach to water Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, management. Portugal. +351-21-841 8341 Fax +351-21-849 7650 [email protected] Data from a three-year (2004-2006) water monitoring programme from an external analytical At the outset of the 21st century, Strategic laboratory was used. The study revealed that the Environmental Assessment is one way to include physical parameters are within the WHO guidelines the environmental value early in the planning cycle. as well as the Ghanaian Environmental Protection At São Paulo Metropolitan Area, an experience with Agency. However, elevated pH values ranging SEA applied to a very large scale infrastructure between 4.7 and 11.3 were recorded in the initiative was developed. This region is building a community wells whilesvery high TSS (Total new ringroad with 173 km length, named The Suspended Solids) values were recorded. It was Rodoanel Mario Covas. Started off as a major found out that samples with high values were taken project initiative, yet characterized as a multi immediately after concrete work was undertaken governments program, the SEA was a consequence and the impact of the cement used is a factor for this. of great public opposition to the project and the need to consider and argue for its strategic reasons. This example allows some important lessons to be learned on how SEA was enabled with a strategic

13 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - focus, albeit in the midst of a major project context, design. Examples are taken from experience in the and how strategic insight can be conciliated with Netherlands, the UK and Scandinavia. project assessment. Among other issues, it is important to emphasize the long time frame of the strategic discussions supporting the initiative, the 727. (Paper) high level of central coordination on the SEA effort; Economic Development vs. Conservation - The the importance of being highly selective in early Okoroba FDP Experience questions considered; the establishment of strategic flexibility in the decision-making process; and the Asuquo, Leo; Shell Petroleum Development opportunity that a structuring program brings to Company, 51 Esatae Road, Port Harcourt, Rivers study, in detail, the sustainability prospects of a State Nigeria. + 234 84 4 20149 major region. [email protected]

The gains of biodiversity conservation can never be 529. (Paper) overemphasised, taking into consideration the Can Early Market Involvement Strengthen EIA? various conservation initiatives taking place all around the world and the value that they add to Arts, Jos; Infrastructure and Environment human existence. However, it goes without saying Department, Rijkswaterstraat, Ministry of Transport, to point out that these conservation initiatives Public Works & Water Management, Delft, 2600 GA sometimes clash with the genuine economic needs Netherlands. 31 15 2518461 Fax 31 15 2518555 of people – especially those originally inhabiting a [email protected] delineated conservation area. The need therefore arises for some biodiversity offsets to be effected in Faith-Ell, Charlotta; WSP Civils, 88 Stockholm- order to balance both the needs for human Globen, Stockholm, SE-121 Netherlands. 46 8 sustenance within a given conservation area while 6886544 Fax 46 8 6886910 charlotta.faith- also achieving the aims of biodiversity conservation. [email protected] A typical case is that which occurred during the Chisholm, Amanda; Historic Scotland, Longmore Okoroba FDP EIA process (in Shell Nigeria) of House, Edinburgh, EH9 1SH United Kingdom. 44 which the inhabiting communities demanded that 131 668 8747 Fax 44 131 668 8899 tarred roads be constructed to link their villages as a [email protected] prerequisite for a licence to operate; incidentally these roads would have to traverse the Edumanon This paper provides the introduction to the workshop forest that was gazetted as a conservation area by "Strengthening EIA through Early Market the Nigerian government. This, however, goes Involvement.” against the Shell group policy; and so government regulatory bodies were called upon to broker an Traditional methods of procuring and delivering agreement that would provide economic gains for national and municipal infrastructure have often the community while ensuring the sustenance of the resulted in problems of cost overruns and project proposed conservation area. Decisions that were delay. As a result, these methods have changed in reached are discussed. recent years, moving towards the integration of project design and assessment, construction, operation and maintenance. Examples include 683. (Paper) Design and Build, and Build Operate and Transfer. Impact Assessment of Urban Wetlands in the Market parties (e.g. , contractors, financiers) are Western Province of Sri Lanka involved more and earlier in project planning and impact assessment, and government parties are Attanayake, Kalyanaratne; Urban Development more removed from project implementation. These Authority, Sethsiripaya, Colombo, Western Sri project procurement have a direct impact on the Lanka. 0094 -1-0712275848 Fax 09412872296 practice of EIA. [email protected]

This paper provides an introduction to the workshop Attanayake, Nilmini; Central Environmental Authority, devoted to EIA and early market involvement. It Dencil Kobbekaduwa Mw, Colombo, Western Sri describes traditional procurement practices, Lanka. 0094-1-0712275848 Fax 09412872296 identifies recent changes to procurement methods, [email protected] and considers how these affect the EIA process. Key issues, based on lessons learned to date, are Urban settlements have preliminary begun in the identified and described. These include the roles areas of water available. Even in ancient Sri Lanka, and responsibilities of the different parties, the level most of the urban centres were begun at the edges of project design detail available, identification and of water bodies. In the capital city of Sri Lanka, the implementation of mitigation measures, transfer of wetlands are very much sensitive ecosystems and environmental information between different stages in the low-lying city areas they are very important of the process, changes to contractual requirements flood retention and detention areas, which give more and contract monitoring, and ensuring the comparative advantage than protection for integration of environmental issues in infrastructure biodiversity. However, the biodiversity in many

14 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - wetlands is very high and is yet another significant The head of Hakata Bay has been reclaimed since reason to conserve them. 1994. The planned reclaimed area is located adjacent to a shallow sea area, so we decided to The region’s wetland network is the macro scale construct an island instead of a reclaimed area natural drainage network affording vital storm water connected to the main land for environment friendly drainage and flood detention, thus protecting high reclamation. After beginning the island reclamation, land form flooding and making it available for the change of environmental condition such as intensive urban development at little or no cost. water quality around the site has been continuously Most wetlands also serve as green lungs and as monitored to prevent reclamation damage. essential open spaces for human health (both physical and mental) comfort and recreation. Since the water pollution at an enclosed area behind the reclaimed island was concerned, we conducted Lack of urban highlands for urban development in the numerical simulation in EIA (Environmental the western province creates pressures on urban Impact Assessment) prior to the reclamation. As a wetlands and sometimes loosens regulations. result, we took measures such as displacement of discharging point and reduction of phosphorus from sewage by MAP (Magnesium Ammonium 360. (Paper) Phosphate) method. Changed Environment - Impact on Livelihoods As the effect of the measures, the long-term Axelsson, Anna; Swedish EIA centre SLU, Ulls väg monitoring survey showed the improvement of 28, Uppsala, 75007 Netherlands. +4618672639 Fax transparency and the reduction of phosphorus in the +4618673512 [email protected] | area behind the island. As hypoxic water masses http://mkb.slu.se are still seen in summer, we have to discuss the way to reduce nitrogen originating from the sewage In its role as a support function to Sida (Swedish as one of the extra measures. International Development Cooperation Agency), the Swedish EIA Centre commissioned a study on linkages between livelihoods and natural resources 722. (Poster) in Niassa Province, Mozambique. The purpose was Socioeconomic Effects on PM10 Related to complement the available baseline data on the Mortality in Seoul, Korea area, in light of a planned investment in large scale tree plantations. An EIA was carried out in the same Bae, Hyunjoo; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 time period, covering impact on biophysical Bulgwang, Seoul, 122706 Korea. 82 2 380 7714 Fax parameters. The livelihood study aimed to [email protected] complement and add a poverty dimension to the impact assessment. Park, Jeongim; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 Bulgwang, Seoul, Korea. 82 2 380 7654 The majority of the rural population in Niassa is [email protected] totally dependent on natural resources and a conversion of land to large forest plantations, We examined the effects of PM10 exposure on daily without a concomitant change of agriculture mortality by socioeconomic status in Seoul from methods, may lead to land conflicts. An extensive 2000 to 2004. Socioeconomic status was defined land delimitation process was undertaken, yet not based upon the type of health insurance program. one person among the several hundred interviewed Korean health security system consists of two types during the livelihood study could identify an area of health insurance: National Health Insurance intended for plantation. program for common household and Medical Aid program for lowest-income households Change in livelihood patterns causing social (approximately 3.3% of Seoul citizens). disturbances must be taken into account in project planning and corresponding mitigation measures Evaluated over 10 ug/m3 increase in PM10, we implemented. We welcome a discussion on what is found the relative risk of premature mortality to be pro-poor development and which type of 1.003 for the all-age population. In 65 years and assessment is most appropriate to capture the over population, the relative risk for the medical aid interests of local poor and weigh them against group was 1.007, while that for the health insurance macroeconomic priorities. group was 1.004. For the 65 years below, the RR for the medical aid group was greater (RR=1.018, 95% CI 1.006~1.031) comparing to the health insurance 357. (Poster) group (RR=1.002, 95% CI 0.998~1.006). Influence of Island City (Artificial Island) on the Water of Head of Hakata Bay, Fukuoka Japan Our analysis suggested that the effects of PM10 exposure on health are differentially distributed by Babasaki, Masahiro; Fukuoka City Port and Harbor socioeconomic status, i.e., between the medical aid Bureau, 12-1,Okihama-machi, Fukuoka-shi, group and the health insurance group. In this study, Fukuoka 812-8620 Japan. 81-092-282-7152 Fax 81- the 65 years below with medical aid was the most 092-282-7772 [email protected] susceptible to PM10 exposure.

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741. (Paper) 473. (Paper) Bridging the Gap Between EIA and Procurement Evaluation of Effect of TMDL on Local Government Balfors, Berit; Dept of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Bae, MyoungSoon; National Institute of Brinellvägen 28, Stockholm, 100 44 Netherlands. Environmental Research, 395-1, Dongdae-ri, +468-7906352 [email protected] Okcheon-gun, Chungbuk 373-812 Korea. +82-43- 730-5633 Fax +82-43-733-9403 Faith-Ell, Charlotta; Dept of Land and Water [email protected] Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 28, Stockholm, 100 44 Ha, SungRyong; Chungbuk National University, 48, Netherlands. +468-7908608 [email protected] gaeshin-dong, CheongJu, Chungbuk 361-763 Korea. +82-43-261-2497 [email protected] Varnäs, Annika; Dept of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Ryu, EulRyul; Chungbuk Development Institute, 89, Brinellvägen 28, Stockholm, 100 44 Netherlands. Munwha-dong, CheongJu, Chungbuk 360-765 +468-7908997 [email protected] Korea. +82-43-220-4396 [email protected] In Sweden, the procurement of infrastructure The Korean total maximum daily load Act (KTMDL) projects has been undergoing some fundamental enacted as a watershed-based water quality changes in recent years, moving towards the management tool in 2002. The Ministry of integration of project design, construction, operation Environment (MOE) set a water quality target at and maintenance. This development involves a boundary of metro-self-governing bodies (MSGB) number of changes for the practice of EIA. The and the MSGB allocate pollution load (BOD5, Swedish transport authorities and the Swedish kg/day) to local self-governing bodies (LSGB) to Environmental Code raise demands on the way EIA meet the water quality target. The LSGB devise and shall be performed, on the content of the EIS and manage the development plan within pollution load measures regarding the mitigation of significant allocated. But it is impossible to do that if there is no environmental impacts. However, due to a lack of load allocated or drained LSGB of load allocated. adequate mechanisms, environmental requirements The dissatisfaction on TMDL is increasing more and included in the EISs are often not considered in the more, especially where LSGB has low economic construction phase. This implies that important independence even though the effect of TMDL had information is not passed on to the construction not yet clearly recognized. This fact makes it more phase which means that environmental measures difficult to settling TMDL in Korea successfully. This that were considered during the selection of study was performed to address the economic and alternatives are not implemented. Green environmental effect of TMDL on local government. procurement could provide a link between the The study area was limited to a specific area planning process and construction phase in which because the economical and environmental value of the proposed measures of the EIS are transferred pollution load is depends on properties of LSGB. into clear environmental requirements. In order to

investigate the possibilities to improve the link 787. (Paper) between the planning and the construction phase of Stakeholders and Evaluative Integration: road projects a research study has been initiated. Opportunities and Incentives to Integrate This paper discusses factors for improved Knowledge - Some Converging Threads information transfer between the planning and the construction phase, which contributes to the Baines, James; Taylor Baines and Associates, PO environmental effectiveness of road development.

Box 8620, Christchurch, 1 New Zealand. +64 3 3433 884 [email protected] 422. (Paper) Environmental Impacts in Solid Waste In some jurisdictions, the nature of resource Management Systems: An Impressive Case management and policy decision making is Study changing from traditional government-oriented modes towards a model of network governance in Belgiorno, Vincenzo; University of Salerno, Faculty which non-government stakeholder groups play a of Engineering, via Don Melillo, Fisciano (SA), Italy. more prominent role. Sustainability assessment 0039089964089 [email protected] requires the integration of different forms of knowledge for the purposes of informing policy or Panza, Daniele; University of Salerno, Faculty of project decision makers, and stakeholders are Engineering, via Don Melillo, Fisciano (SA), Italy. important contributors to this integration. This paper 0039089964089 [email protected] draws together some converging threads and discusses implications for the practice of impact Giannella, Giuseppe; University of Salerno, Faculty assessment. of Engineering, via Don Melillo, Fisciano (SA), Italy.

0039089964089 [email protected]

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The paper discusses the environmental impacts Torresi, Fabrizio; Studio Torresi, via A. Murri 35, related to an incomplete and debatable integrated Fermo, Ascoli Piceno 63023 Italy. 00390734622950 municipal solid waste management system, with Fax 00390734623948 regard to the case study of Campania Region in [email protected] | Southern Italy. www.studiotorresi.it

The integrated solid waste management system Main project actions: planned in Campania is characterized by a • Definition of Valdaso “Territorial separated collection of 35% of the total solid waste Trademark” through the definition of a production and the treatment of the restwaste in participative strategic plan for the MBT plants to obtain Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) environmental management and Stabilized Organic Fraction (SOF). Currently • Definition of proposals for the seven RDF/Biostabilization plants have been environmental restoration of the river Aso working since 2000, while the two expected thermal to connect the different Municipalities of the treatment plants are under construction yet due to Aso area. social conflicts in siting. • Development of the guidelines for the organization of the “Rural District of The produced baled RDF are stocked in several Valdaso”, through the touristic regional sites: this temporary solution is very improvement of the area with attention to dangerous due to the risk of contamination and the historical towns and villages. accidental burning. Particularly, the implementation of an incomplete management system due to the The Valdaso territory represents a strategic absence of thermal treatments plants has implied opportunity for the enhancement of economic and the following critical situation: environmental sectors of the Ascoli Piceno Province. • 75,000 tons of RDF bales produced per month The Valdaso area represents a “corridor” between • 50,000 m2 per month used for bales the “Monti Sibillini” National Park and the future storing “Piceno” Sea-Park. Its geographical features • 3.5 millions of RDF bales produced until to represent an opportunity to let a sustainable 2006 year development. • 50 years for burning all the bales, if the in- construction thermal treatment plants begin These qualities are the source for giving a new to work immediately boost to the local economic structure, which is currently based on unconnected local policies.

321. (Paper) Strategic Guidelines for the Integrated This project has been developed within this context Development Oo Valdaso (Aso Valley) (Ascoli and its purposes are the definition of guidelines for Piceno) – Marche - Italia the integrated and sustainable development of Valdaso and the establishment of the basics for the institution of a “Territorial Trademark” (Marchio Bettini, Virginio; IUAV (Venice University), Santa d’Area) which should represent the area. This Croce 1957, Venice, Venice 00135 Italy. instrument will enable a large scale environmental 00390421332784 Fax 00390421456040 planning and an integrated management of the [email protected] | www.iuav.it/fpt landscape. This integrated system will be founded

on two core principles: the enhancement of Stevanin, Marco; TERRA Ltd. Liability Co., Via biodiversity and the improvement and promotion of Vittorio Veneto, 114, San Donà di Piave, Venice landscape, agricultural and touristic values. 30027 Italy. 00390421332784 Fax 00390421456040 [email protected] | www.terrasrl.com The Valdaso project approach is strictly joined to

environmental planning and strategic environmental Gianoni, Pippo; Dionea Ltd. CO./TERRA Ltd. assessment. That means every landscape element Liability Co., Lungolago Motta, 8, Locarno, Ticino and feature is analyzed and assessed to 6600 Switzerland. 0041917515120 Fax understand correlation among factors and to apply 0041917519346 [email protected] | sustainability principles to future local plans and www.dionea.ch projects.

Abordi, Marco; TERRA Ltd. Liability Co., Via Vittorio Veneto, 114, San Donà di Piave, Venice 30027 Italy. 380. (Paper) 00390421332784 Fax 00390421456040 Remote Sensing and Photointerpretation as [email protected] | www.terrasrl.com Essential Tools for the Monitoring of Illegal Waste-Disposal Practices Marangoni, Federica; TERRA Ltd. Liability Co., Via Vittorio Veneto, 114, San Donà di Piave, Venice Bettini, Virginio; IUAV University of Venice, Santa 30027 Italy. 00390421332784 Fax 00390421456040 Croce1957, Venice, 30135 Italy. +39 0412572224 [email protected] | www.terrasrl.com [email protected]

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Morigi, Massimo; IUAV University of Venice, Santa to come to the same dead end in which EIA is Croce1957, Venice, 30135 Italy. +39 0630993707 trapped, a route that surely does not lead to efficient [email protected] territorial management, but to a further bureaucratic load without positive results. New developments in remote sensing are taking place, particularly in the field of radar remote This comment is justified by Italian experience, with sensing and the acquisition of optical data at higher further verifications at European level, as well as by spectral and spatial resolutions and they could a large amount written on the subject at international applied in environmental monitoring. These level. techniques provide the capability for mapping and monitoring land cover and land use change. Data 241. (Paper) and information obtained through Earth Observation A Fault Analysis for Health Impact Assessment: (EO) can be used within Geographic Information Procurement, Competence, Expectations, and Systems for overlay and comparison with other geo- Jurisdictions referenced information.

Birley, Martin; Birley HIA, 44 Woodbines Ave, In this paper, a case study about the investigation Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2AY United on an illegal land use is presented. The site in study Kingdom. 02085460823 [email protected] | is located in the Campania Region, Southern Italy. www.BirleyHIA.co.uk By remote sensing it has been possible to identify different temporal transformations of the territory, I analyse failures in the health impact assessment due to an unprofessional management and disposal process of five different major international projects of solid waste, the origin and composition of which owned by various multinational consortia. My are unknown. The interpretation of remotely sensed objective is to improve the process. I examine how images has been verified by ground truth studies. the consortia approach the issue of procurement of The term most frequently used to define this consultancy services, and the competence with practise is eco-mafia or waste mafia. which consultancy companies offering such services

respond. I look at issues of jurisdiction over Remote sensing and photointerpretation are needed management and content and the ethics and to develop an effective monitoring program to expectations of baseline studies. Finally, I offer prevent infiltration by "ecomafia" organisations, solutions to some of the challenges described. which find fertile ground in this sector and cause enormous damage to the environment through illegal waste-disposal practices. 451. (Paper) Transformation of German Transport Governance? Contribution of Strategic 248. (Paper) Environmental Assessment to Change in SEA: The Missing Link Between Directive and Transport Policy Practice

Bongardt, Daniel; Wuppertal Institute, Döppersberg Bettini, Virginio; IUAV university of Venice, Santa 19, Wuppertal, 42103 Germany. +49 (0)202 2492- Croce1957, Venice, 30135 Italy. +390412572224 268 [email protected] [email protected]

The EU encourages environmental integration into Rosnati, Chiara; University of Sassari, Via Manzoni sector policies. In Germany the political system 29, Alghero, 07041 Italy. +39079975085 does not leave much room for this. A way to realize [email protected] the integrative approach in the transport sector is

the application of a Strategic Environmental The strategic environmental assessment has been Assessment (SEA). Due to the European SEA proposed and introduced as a standard procedure in directive, assessments provide information in the planning process to remedy the well known planning processes but there is little evidence on ineffectiveness of EIA in its role of controlling the how this leads to changes in decision-making. As environmental compatibility at the project scale. In every decision-making process is unique, there is no its general outline, SEA has been designed as a common indicator for “Integration into decision- good way to integrate, on environmental basis, the making.” Hence, the paper suggests using the different territorial management strategies, such as sociological concept of institutional change (of waste, energy and transport plans. The Cumulative procedures or methodologies) as an indicator for Impact Assessment is an essential tool of this new integration to find out if SEA has an influence on approach. The spatial and temporal windows decision-making in the transport sector or not. adopted in the environmental assessment of a project are too limited for this methodology. The This argument is elaborated in a case study of the typical spatial and temporal scales of the planning German, nation-wide transport infrastructure process, however, are adequate to carry out a program Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan. The cumulative impact assessment that could become a case illustrates how beyond methodologies planning reliable tool for prediction, comparative selection procedures have to be adjusted in order to match between alternatives, and a final choice consistent the requirements of the new SEA law. It concludes, with the environmental goals. Anyway, SEA seems

18 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - how an integrative approach could look like. The 203. (Paper) paper presents selected results of a Ph.D. Thesis Health Impact Assessment: An Underserved currently conducted at the University of Osnabrück Miami, Florida, Community Embraces the Future and the Wuppertal Institute. and Preserves the Past

Brewster, Luther; Florida International University, 556. (Paper) Robert Stempel School of Public Health, Miami, Socio-Economic Impacts of Large-Scale Natural Florida 33199 United States. 3053484517 Fax Resource Projects in Canada: Lessons Since 3053484903 [email protected] | http://www.fiu.edu the 1990s

Brown, David; University of Miami School of Bouvier, Anne-Laure; GEIGER and Health Canada, Medicine, 1801 NW 9th Ave, Suite 470, Miami, 2-185 Bourget, MOntreal, Quebec H4C 2M1 Florida 33136 United States. 786-466-4100 Fax Canada. 514 591 7372 [email protected] 305-577-4396 [email protected] |

Van Kemenade, Solange; Health Canada, Overtown was a thriving center for Greater Miami’s Environmental Health Assessment Services, Ottawa, African-American community. Tragically, the Ontario Canada. 613- 952-5347 Fax construction of a highway through the heart of [email protected] Overtown and subsequent public policies have

negatively impacted the health, economy and Waaub, Jean-Philippe; UQAM, Faculty of geography, culture of the community. Recent success in UQAM, Montreal, Quebec Canada. 514-987 3000 opposing yet another proposed road construction poste 8908# x [email protected] project illuminated the need for a consistent protocol

for assessing and detailing the potential health Gagnon, Christiane; University of Quebec in impact of these projects. Residents, however, were Chicoutimi, UQAC, Chicoutimi, Canada. conflicted in their perceptions of economic [email protected] development. Community residents were

interviewed to determine their perceived threat, The ultimate goal of this project was to find knowledge of HIA and efficacy related to opposing evidences of socio-economic and cultural impacts potentially detrimental community proposals. Data by large-scale projects in order to support policy will be used to develop a module to (1)train decision-making. Natural resource projects included residents on the principles of HIA, (2) assist mainly mining, hydroelectric and oil. Large-scale community stakeholders in negotiating with projects were defined as projects of significant municipal, private and public sector development financial engagement, with major impacts on host professionals and (3) encourage responsible communities. development by creating designated “healthy living”

zones. Overtown residents want their community to The authors tried to identify economic and social develop and resemble its proud past, but not if it will impacts through follow-up studies, but research negatively impact their health or force them to revealed that these kinds of studies are not yet relocate. regularly conducted in the Canadian context. Instead, other sources such as academic studies, project case-studies and other presented in the EIS 447. (Paper) process were of particular interest and useful. Consideration of the Impacts of Noise in Health Impact Assessment and the Canadian Main findings showed a fragile balance between Environmental Assessment Act positive impacts such as higher employment for local communities, infrastructure, incomes and Brisco, Margaux; Health Canada, 269 Laurier revenues for individuals and governments and Avenue W, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9 Canada. (613) negative impacts such as loss of land and traditional 946-3543 Fax (613) 952-8857 margaux_brisco@hc- way of life, increase in social and health problems, sc.gc.ca overloading of services, lack of affordable housing, decrease of quality of life. McClymont-Peace, Diane; Health Canada, Jeanne Mance Bldg, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9 Canada. Aboriginal people were particularly impacted, as it 613-946-9663 diane_mcclymont-peace@hc- appeared that most of the large-scale natural sc.gc.ca resource projects were usually in remote areas. The authors also provide a series of recommendations to Noise-induced hearing loss is well-documented at improve decision-making on future projects. high sound level exposures. However, sound levels below those causing impairment may also be capable of causing health effects, including annoyance, sleep disturbance and interference with communication.

In Canada, various approaches are used to assess community noise impacts, which can make them difficult to compare. Noise is for the most part

19 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - regulated by provincial and territorial governments 776. (Paper) and the criteria for managing community noise Tailor-Made Strategic Enironmental Assessment typically emphasize noise complaints as an end of Trade Agreements point. Health Canada has adopted the approach recommended by the International Standard for Brons, Johan; NCEA, P.O. Box 2345, Utrecht, Organization to measure and assess environmental Netherlands. 31302347613 [email protected] noise. This approach is founded on a large body of socio-acoustic research and can be used to predict Trade agreements and policies have a large impact the percentage of a community that would be highly on the environment. Therefore it is worthwhile to annoyed by a change in noise levels. Health undertake a strategic environmental assessment Canada recommends that the magnitude of the (SEA) parallel to the planning and negation increase in the estimated percentage highly processes for trade agreements. The IUCN and the annoyed be among the criteria used to evaluate CCAD (Comisión Centroamericana de Ambiente y project-related noise impacts. Desarrollo) have proposed an SEA for the trade negotiations (2007 2008) between the European This recommendation has been accepted by some Union and Central America. The Netherlands jurisdictions, but has been contentious in others. We Commission for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) are working towards developing a consistent has been asked to support this SEA. Therefore, we approach that would identify and minimize noise try to combine available guidelines on SEA and impacts on human health due to project-related trade into a proposal for a tailor made SEA of trade changes in community noise levels. agreements. During the IATRP stream we would like to share ideas about this proposal. The proposal should concern methodology, content, and process. 506. (Paper) One of the methodological challenges would be to Impact Assessment, Environmental match the SEA with national and international Conservation and the Sustainable Development environmental assessment procedures such as of Petroleum Resources in the Endangered sustainability impact assessment (SIA). About the Nigerian Delta Region content of the SEA, setting priorities and identifying

effective indicators would be a key issue. Finally Bristol-Alagbariya, Edward; Centre For Energy, dealing with transparency and confidentiality could University Of Dundee, Perth Road, Dundee, be one of the major process challenges. Scotland DD1 4HN United Kingdom. +44(0)7745949549 Fax +44(0)1382385854 [email protected]| 279. (Poster) The Benefits of Social Impact Assessment for Petroleum resources development started in the the Enfvironmental Impact Assessment Process Niger Delta in 1956, before the commencement of EIA in Nigeria. Burdge, Rabel; Western Washington Universtiy, Bellingham, PO BOX 4056, Bellingham, Washington When EIA commenced in 1992, the adverse effects 98227-4056 United States. 1-360-676-9892 Fax 1- of the informal development of the resources in the 360-715-0985 [email protected] | Delta region had begun to cause concerns among www.socialimpactassessment.net citizens and other concerned public. Beginning with the Ogoni Bill of Rights, 1990, citizens and citizens’ This poster illustrates the use of social impact groups in the region started making assessment at the community and project level to pronouncements regarding the adverse effects of help impact assessment practitioners, community petroleum development. On its part, the Rivers and regional planners, change agents, elected Chiefs and Peoples Conference (RCPC), made a officials and concerned citizens understand likely presentation at the Earth Summit in 1992, which future change in their community as a result of explained the adverse effects of petroleum project implementation or policy change. development in the region. In the process, the RCPC pronounced that Niger Delta is endangered, After a brief definition of social impact assessment and that it is perhaps the most endangered Delta and its use in the planning process, the basic Social region in the world. Assessment Model is laid out. Next the SIA scoping process is outlined as the way to identify likely social As a significant sustainable development tool, IA impacts (issues) and major stakeholders. has a significant role to play in petroleum development in the Delta region. Besides, along The content of the social assessment (analysis) is with the role of other stakeholders, good made up of 28 social impact assessment variables governance (especially good environmental which I use to explain change in a variety of project. governance), aided by improved CSR, deserve to policy and programme settings. facilitate sustainable development in the region via environmental conservation and rehabilitation, in the The poster concludes with an outline of how interest of natural resources and humanity thereof, mitigation and monitoring have been used to and industrial peace and security in the petroleum enhance the benefits of project development and sector of the Nigerian political economy. change that will come to the recipient community or region.

20 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume -

664. (Paper) pressure resulting from globalization and the IFC Performance Standards in Practice: A growing awareness of environmental problems and Methodology for Integrating Social and their consequences. Environmental Effects for the Assessment of a Mining Project in Argentina In Guyana, the Environmental Protection Act which was passed in 1996, seeks to assure the effective Burwood, Andrew; Rescan Environmental Services management and sustainable use of natural Ltd., 1111 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC resources, and the protection of the environment. V6E 2J3 Canada. 604-689-9460 Specifically, Part IV of this Act mandates the [email protected] conduct of environmental impact assessments. Over, the past ten years, there has been a constant battle Cullen, Sean; Rescan Environmental Services Ltd., between the Environmental Protection Agency and 111 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6E 2J3 the private sector who think the EIA, more often Canada. 604-689-9460 [email protected] than not, is an impediment to economic growth.

Davidson, Gillian; Rescan Environmental Services This paper examines responses of the private sector Ltd., 111 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6E to the environmental legislation in Guyana. It will 2J3 Canada. 604-689-9460 also discuss the concerns raised by the private [email protected] sector on matters pertaining to the EIA system in Guyana, including the high costs incurred, the Pelletier, Pierre; Rescan Environmental Services extraordinarily long time the process takes, Ltd., 1111 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC institutional bureaucracy and duplication of functions, V6E 2J3 Canada. 604-689-9460 and the lack of incentives. The paper will conclude [email protected] with a discussion of the major institutional challenges (for example, legislative overlaps in The new IFC Performance Standards for Social and institutional jurisdictions and poor administration of Environmental Sustainability require methodologies MoUs between sector agencies, and institutional to assess social and environmental implications of capacity) and possible solutions. development in an integrated fashion. Rescan Environmental Services Ltd. prepared one of the 478. (Poster) first assessments applying these standards to A Study on Establishment of the Directions for assess a mining project in NW Argentina. Initially, Environmentally-Friendly Restoration of Stream the potential effects of the project were identified by by Citizen considering the results of a community consultation program and a risk assessment, identifying how the Byun, Byung Seol; INHA University, 253 industrial processes involved in the project may alter Yongheondong Namgu Incheon, Incheon, Korea. current social and biophysical conditions. These 016-258-4488 [email protected] effects were then categorized into ten principal issues, which provided a structure to organize the Ahn, Se Ah; INHA University, 253 Yongheondong assessment. For example, the principal issue of Namgu Incheon, Incheon, Korea. 011-9267-1542 ‘alteration of surface water quantity’ included effects [email protected] on aquatic life (environmental) and human users of water (social). The next step was the formal Cho, Kyu Man; INHA University, 253Yongheondong assessment of each effect, or series of effects, Namgu Incheon, Incheon, Korea. 016-9238-8907 related to each principal issue. Inter-disciplinary [email protected] teams provided descriptions and models of change to the environment, followed by an attempt at The purpose of this study is to establish future holistic assessment. Predicted social and directions of environmentally-friendly restoration of environmental consequences of the project were Suwon stream and reflect various opinions of assessed twice, with and without mitigation. This inhabitant in the plan and design process. the double assessment highlighted the social and opinions from the citizens include the economic and environmental policy of the proponent by explicitly environmental suitability of the restoration projects linking predicted effects to commitments for and preference for the future directions of mitigation and enhancement actions. restoration. The citizens are favorable to removing

the existing parking lot and want to have jogging 308. (Paper) course, walking path and bike road in the stream Environmental Stewardship, EIAs and the depending on the restoration influencing zone. Private Sector in Guyana: An Uneasy Alliance? This study was comprised of 800 citizen participants.

Bynoe, Paulette; School of Earth and Environmental In many parts, citizens agree in restoration but they Sciences, University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus, have different opinions about the feasibility of new Greater Georgetown, NA NA Guyana. 592 222 4180 facilities, streams restoration and central park Fax 592 222 4180 [email protected] reduction locally. It is desirable to reflect the opinions of citizens in the process of plan and Globally, the role of the private sector has changed design of restoration project. dramatically in response to increasing international

21 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume -

485. (Poster) spatial strategy SA reports (which are land use A Study on the Making of Suwon Hwaseong, a plans controlling the development and use of land in World Heritage, into a Holy Place English regions) indicated that flooding impacts are being assessed. Significantly, evidence has been Byun, Byung Seol; INHA University, 253 gathered to demonstrate that SA is having a positive Yonghyundong Namgu Incheon, Incheon, Korea. impact on the preparation of these strategies. 016-258-4488 [email protected] Indeed, in some cases SA led directly to planning policy changes that strengthened their approach to Cho, Kyu Man; INHA University, 253 Yonghyundong flood risk management. Namgu Incheon, Incheon, Korea. 016-9238-8907 [email protected] These research findings, which are transferable to different SA and SEA systems, are significant for Ahn, Se Ah; INHA University, 253 Yonghyundong several reasons. Firstly, they provide evidence that Namgu Incheon, Incheon, Korea. 011-9267-1542 SA is making a demonstrable positive impact in [email protected] practice. Secondly, they demonstrate that SA (and SEA) can aid climate change adaptation. Finally, The purpose of this study is to enable Suwon they shows that SA (and SEA) can help human Hwaseong, a World Heritage, to serve as a world- societies exist more sustainably in a world where renowned tourist and cultural resource by restoring flooding is a common occurrence. the part of Suwon Hwaseong, and making it into a new tourist and cultural property, while laying the 410. (Paper) foundation for and establishing the goal of proudly Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in the handing down Suwon Hwaseong to future Philippines: Roads Taken, Lessons Learned for generations by presenting the strategy and plan for Mining Projects reviving the old downtown area of Suwon and managing its surrounding areas. Its value was Catalon, Maria Lourdes Nanette; Gaia South, Inc., recognized on December 4, 1997, when it was 7/F Montepino Building, Adelantado cor. Gamboa registered as a UNESCO World Heritage. Streets, Legaspi Village, Makati City, 1229 Accordingly, interests in Suwon Hwaseong Philippines. +632-8935661 Fax +632-8935657 increased sharply both at home and abroad, and the [email protected] number of visitors increased rapidly. As a result, its historical and cultural value was now in the limelight Manaog, Melanie; Gaia South, Inc., 7/F Montepino again. In addition, the development of a new Building, Adelantado cor. Gamboa Streets, Legaspi downtown and the expansion of the residential area Village, Makati City, 1229 Philippines. +632- modified the spatial structure of Suwon, and the 8935661 Fax +632-8935657 development of a new downtown led to the [email protected] deterioration of the old downtown. It is necessary to take aggressive approaches to keep cultural values The Philippines needs to balance economic intact, and to reorganize cultural properties by dint development on one hand, and conserving and of the recent Hallyu culture and the success of protecting its declining natural resources on the historical dramas, and to consolidate the position of other. For this reason, the Environmental Impact Suwon as a city endowed with a World Heritage by Statement (EIS) System was established in 1977. fostering the environment for doing justice to the historical and cultural image of Suwon in new urban The Philippines is rich in mineral resources. In 1994, development projects. the estimated levels of metallic reserves amounted to 7B metric tons including gold, copper, and nickel 273. (Paper) (http://www.nscb.gov.ph). The mining industry’s Sustainability Appraisal and Flood Risk potential to contribute to economic development is Management in England significant.

Carter, Jeremy; University of Manchester, School of In January 2004, the President issued Executive Environment and Development, Manchester, M13 Order No. 270, providing for a National Policy 9PL United Kingdom. 00441612756882 Fax Agenda for The Revitalization of Mining in the 00441612756893 [email protected] Philippines, reviving hopes and expectations for the recovery of the local mineral industry. Flooding causes significant negative impacts in many countries. In England, the average annual This paper presents lessons learned in the conduct damage cause by flooding is close to $4 billion, of EIAs for mining projects in the Philippines within making it the countries most damaging natural the context of project location, participation of non- hazard. Moreover, without concerted action, climate governmental organizations (NGOs), presence of change threatens to dramatically increase the Indigenous Peoples in project area(s), and social severity of flooding impacts. acceptability issues.

This research has established that sustainability Recommendations are presented: identifying actual appraisal (SA) has a specific role to play in stakeholders for a particular project; increasing addressing flooding issues. A review of regional awareness of stakeholders through information,

22 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - education and communications (IEC) activities; Chae, Jinho; Korea environmental Research Center process documentation; transparency of project for Hydrosphere, KETCH, 634-1 Yi-dong, Sangnok- proponents; ensuring best practice management gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-857 Korea. +82 31 408 covering environmental management processes and 7310 Fax +82 31 419 5551 [email protected] social development efforts; and developing positive community relations early on. Lee, Jae-Hac; Marine Environment Research Department, KORDI, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Ansan,

498. (Paper) 425-600 Korea. + 82 31 400 6211 Halophyte Restoration: Effects of Small Groins [email protected] for Enhancement of a Salt-Marsh Plant Community in the Western Coast of Korea Large amounts of krill have often clogged the screens of cooling-water supply units to cause temporal interruptions of electric power production Chae, Jinho; Korea Environmental Research Center at Uljin Nuclear Power Plant. Our study showed they for Hydrosphere, KETCH, 634-1 Yi-dong, Sangnok- are also important food sources to demersal fish. gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-857 Korea. +82 31 408 Approximately 650 zooplankton-collections have 7310 [email protected] made previously for EIAs from 1987 to 2005,

however only very low density of the krill have been Lee, Seung Ho; Korea environmental Research recorded, provably because inappropriate methods Center for Hydrosphere, KETCH, 634-1 Yi-dong, of collections have caused underestimation. We Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-857 Korea. examined distributional patterns of the krill in the +82 31 408 7310 [email protected] vicinity of Uljin newly using a multiple opening and

closing net and an echosounder equipped with a Park, Hansan; Korea environmental Research 200 kHz transducer. The krill, Euphausia pacifica, Center for Hydrosphere, KETCH, 634-1 Yi-dong, dominated the biomass and often aggregated near Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-857 Korea. the bottom of submarine channel and performed +82 31 408 7310 [email protected] active diel vertical migration, showing shallow depth

distribution around mixed layers at night. The Lee, Jeom-Sook; Dept. of Biological Science, distribution shifted to near-shore during the springs Kunsan National Univ., san 68, Miryong-dong, for spawning when the maximum chlorophyll Kunsan, Jeollabuk-do 573-701 Korea. +82 63 469 concentration markedly increased, probably often 4589 [email protected] causing impingement to the cooling water intakes. In

the laboratory, the krill showed positive phototaxis to Effects of small groins made with naturally collimated light and higher sensitivity to shorter- decomposable materials for enhancement of a salt- wavelengths of visible light. It is suggested that we marsh plant community, an indigenous coastal can induce the krill to far-away places from the wetland ecosystem developed, but has decreased in intakes by using these behaviors. western and south-western mudflat of Korea, were examined. LIDAR (ILRIS3d, Optech), a laser optical measuring instrument for fine topography, was used 175. (Paper) to understand the adequate topographical condition Strategic Environmental Assessment in Land of mudflat for seed distribution, germination, growth Use Planning for Poverty Reduction: Lesson of halophytes and the effects of the groins on the from Tanzania community enhancement in Hampyung Bay and Donggum-do. Through two-year experiments in Chambi, Alexander; Centre for Environmental which we installed several types of the groins at Assessment and Resources Management, Vijana each test groups, the area of the groins nearer to Building, Morogoro Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. coastal line showed significantly higher density of +255 (0) 787 239242 Fax +255 022 2410393 the plants than further area and/or each parallel [email protected] control groups. The individual growth mostly showed higher mean value in the experiment groups, even Mwalyosi, Raphael; Centre for Environmental though the differences were not always significant. Assessment and Resources Management, Vijana The highest effectiveness was observed in the pack Building, Morogoro Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. and folding-fence typed groins. The results of plant +255 (0) 754270196 Fax +255 022 2410393 population density and topographical data showed [email protected] the small groins may effectively prevent the seeds from washing-out during the winter and lead to high Proper land use planning plays an important role in germination rate, thus be proper tools for the economic development and environmental halophyte community restoration. conservation through reduction of conflicts among resource users, allocation of proper use of land

441. (Poster) parcels and support, thus conserving soil fertility and Light-Response of Krill, Euphausia pacifica, and sustaining productivity. Its Application to a Preventive Measure of the Mass Impingement to Cooling-Water Intakes of SEA in Tanzania refers a holistic process for Power Plants with Remarks on Their Diel evaluating the environmental quality and Vertical Migration and Ontogenic Migration consequences of alternative visions and development intentions incorporated in policies,

23 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - plans and programmes and ensuring full integration 355. (Paper) of relevant environmental, social, economic and A Session on HIA Capacity Building in the political consideration for sustainable development. Mekong Countries

Tanzania has developed a number of programmes, Chanthaphone, Soutsakhone; National Centre for policies and plans, for natural resources utilization. Environmental Health and Water Supply, Nongbone However, resource utilization largely remains ad Road, Saysetha District, Vientiane Capital Lao hoc: the economics of the country continues to rely People's Democratic Republic. 856 21 413310 Fax on agriculture; and industrial development is 856 21 413310 [email protected] hydropower based; that, is both industry and economic developments is dependant on water Lao PDR is a landlocked country in SEA. The resources. The result has been the apparent Mekong River flows through the length of the prolonged drought and power shortage in the country, and the geography creates a huge potential country. Government efforts to restore the situation for hydropower generation. The government have been relatively very expensive. adopted the MDGs to eradicate the poverty status in the country by emphasizing socio-economic The paper reviews the relevant policies, plans and development. HIA plays the main role as a tool to programmes on land use and poverty reduction in enhance the peoples’ good health per MDGs that Tanzania and assesses their effectiveness. The refer to Bangkok Charter in August 2005. The need identified weakness and shortcoming could largely for HIA in parallel with EIA is crucial to mitigate the be address through SEA. The paper draws lessons negative impacts to health. In line with the objective from the land use planning in Usangu basin in to strengthen local capacities , two WHO and DBL Tanzania. sponsored and led HIA workshops, which included many key government stakeholders, were held in March 2003 and training was organized in 554. (Paper) October/November 2003. The National HIA Policy Socioeconomic Impact of Designating a Marine has been developed in parallel with other policies on Protected Area in Korea field learning and practicing. Yet in March 2006, the

National HIA Policy has been approved by the Chang, Won Keun; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027- Prime Minister with the Ministry of Health acting as 4,Bangbae3-dong, Seoul, 137-851 Korea. +82-2- leading agency. In November 2006, the National 2105-2909 Fax +82-2-2105-2779 HIA Policy Launching Workshop was organized with [email protected] the participation by various ministries where the

workshop outputs would be the keys results to This paper reviews the socioeconomic impacts of develop and apply the National HIA Policy into designating Marine Protected Area (MPA), which is practice. very seldom addressed in Korea. It is acknowledged that MPA policy is important for conserving marine resources, and supporting national biodiversity in 472. (Paper) Korea. It is anticipated that the number and size of Application of Multi-Objective Evaluation on the MPAs be increased, and MPA policies be more Selecting the Program Project: A Case in strongly implemented than the past because Korean Environment Impact Assessment of Dianzhong government enacted a new law named 'Law on the Delivery Water Project Conservation and Management of Marine Ecosystem' on October 4, 2006. However, it seems Cheng, Hongguang; Beijing Normal University, that social conflicts may be increased in proportional NO.19 Xinjiekou Street, Beijing,China. 010- to the degree of MPA policy implementation in 58801858 [email protected] Korea. The local communities and stakeholders may hesitate in designating MPAs in their own backyards Wang, Dan; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 when it causes them economical loss. Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58806554 [email protected] Saeng-do Island, a small uninhabited island located near Pusan City, is famous for its variety of marine Gong, Li; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 flora, fauna, and ecosystems, and is a possible Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58806552 candidate for future MPA. [email protected]

According to the underwater survey, three MPA This paper introduces the method of the multi- alternatives were developed, and the economic objective evaluation, using the example of the impacts of each alternative on local communities selecting transfer waterline in the environment were estimated when restricting fishing and impact assessment of Dianzhong delivery water recreational activities. The results suggest the project. The emphasis was on the ubiety between optimal management alternative of designating the transfer waterline and the ecological sensitive Saeng-do Island MPA that conserve marine zone, The water and soil loss in the area where the ecosystem while minimizing economical loss. waterline went through established the multi- objective evaluation matrix on each waterline subsection, which was based on analyzing the regional economy and environment. According to

24 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - the evaluation results, we choose the best waterline. Wang, Dan; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 The results showed that this method possesses Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58806554 definite theoretical value and reliability in practice. [email protected]

470. (Paper) Gong, Li; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 Analysis of Three-Side Dynamic Iterative Game Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58806552 Theory of Many Phases in EIA [email protected]

Pu, Xiao; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 Cheng, Hongguang; Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58801858 NO.19 xinjiekou street, Beijing, China. 010- [email protected] 58801858 Fax 010-58801858 [email protected]

Lndscape change was quantified for the last 30 Pu, Xiao; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 years within and in the Dianchi area, using rectified Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58801858 aerial photographs, GIS and landscape ecology. [email protected] Landscape change was projected for the next 15

years using Markov chains. The results showed the Wang, Dan; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 glebe field, grassland and bare land decreased Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58806554 greatly, while the other kinds of landscapes [email protected] increased. In the past 30 years, many grassland and

glebe fields converted into the forest land, while Gong, Li; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 many croplands were mainly converted to urban Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58806552 settlements and the area of cropland decreased [email protected] sharply. Certain landscapes changed in recent

years and the connectivity among patches was The EIA system has been established in China; good; the distributions of each landscape type were however, it still has many disfigurements. In more separate and the landscape pattern was very execution, EIA refers to the different attitudes of the frangible in study area.These changes observed participants whose optional strategy may be may be related to the success of policy control and described by a correct game model. According to the increasing of people and economy in the study disfigurements in EIA, a three-sided dynamic area. And the simulated result showed that cropland, iterative Game Theory of many phases is grassland and bare land will keep on decreasing; established referring to iterative Game Theory, however, forest land and construction land will dynamic Game Theory of incomplete information, continue to increase. According to results, the and perfect Bayesian equilibrium theory, to analyze landscape pattern can be adjusted, which may the reciprocity relation of government, EIA serve as a scientific basis for land planning and organizations, and corporations to find the causes management of the recent study area. that are disabling EIA and to propose policy suggestions advancing EIA validity. 439. (Paper) The results show that in a short period, government Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and and corporations achieve an economy benefit Pollutant Discharge Quantity Control of China between social benefit and economy benefit. Neither want to pose social cost, which results in their not Cheng, Hongguang; Beijing Normal University, practicing EIA. EIA organizations’ incomes are No.19 Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010- based in corporations, and pursuing economy 58801858 Fax 010-58801858 [email protected] benefits causes the relationship between them to realize economy income. In the long run, social Gong, Li; Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekou benefit loss caused by environmental pollution must Street, Beijing, China. 010-58806552 be recuperated and environmental deterioration will [email protected] influence the economy benefit, so government and corporations pursue high social benefit, and they Pu, Xiao; Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekou both want to practice EIA to increase the economy Street, Beijing, China. 010-58801858 benefit. EIA organizations will fairly assess when [email protected] their economy benefit is ensured. Wang, Dan; Beijing Normal University, No.19

423. (Paper) Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58806554 Analysis and Simulation of Landscape Change [email protected] in Dianchi Area, China In the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2005~2010) of China, economic growth is still the focus of Cheng, Hongguang; Beijing Normal University, development. The Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China NO.19 Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010- proposes to reduce energy consumption by 20% an 58801858 Fax 010-58801858 [email protected] decrease pollutant discharge quantity (PDQ) by

10%, along with increasing annual GDP growth 7.5%. However, provinces present different lower goals of reducing energy consumption and

25 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - controlling PDQ, most with various higher annual 731. (Paper) GDP growth speed. The Economy, Energy and Application of SEA to Different Types of Plans, Environment model is applied to predict energy Programmes and Strategies: Experience in requirement and PDQ during the eleventh five years, Scotland and results show that with the higher GDP growth speed, the goals of reducing energy consumption Chisholm, Amanda; Historic Scotland, Longmore and PDQ can not be achieved. According to the House, Edinburgh, EH9 1SH United Kingdom. 00 44 Eleventh Five-year plan, our study selects sulfur 131 668 8747 dioxide and chemical oxygen demand (COD) as [email protected] PDQ control indicators and builds the GDP model, based on the real condition of PDQ and the Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of plans hypothesis that energy consumption in 2010 was and programmes has been required in Scotland reduced by 20% in 2005. Compared with the since July 2004. With the coming into force of the Eleventh Five-Year plan on PDQ control of China, Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005, the GDP-PDQ model shows that some provinces’ however, the scope of SEA is now significantly PDQ control goals are not quite reasonable. wider. The Act requires SEA to be undertaken of policies and strategies as well as plans and programmes in Scotland. 729. (Paper) Scottish Experience in Procurement and EIA of As a result, SEA is undertaken of a wide range of Roads plans, programmes and strategies (PPS). These range from relatively detailed master plans and land Chisholm, Amanda; Historic Scotland, Longmore use plans to high-level strategic policies. Although House, Edinburgh, EH9 1SH United Kingdom. 44 the stages in the SEA process remain the same, the 131 668 8747 scope and level of detail varies depending on the [email protected] | historic- tier in the hierarchy to which the PPS belongs. scotland.gov.uk This paper provides an overview of the approaches Corby, Angus; Transport Scotland, Buchanan to SEA taken forward for different types of PPS. It House, Glasgow, G4 0HF United Kingdom. 44 141 sets out the scope of SEA in Scotland, briefly 272 7256 describes the types of plans, programmes and [email protected] strategies for which SEA has been undertaken, focuses on the similarities and differences of Morrison, Elizabeth; Transport Scotland, Buchanan approaches and methods utilised, identifies some House, Glasgow, G4 0HF United Kingdom. 44 141 of the challenges and lessons learned to date, and 272 7255 considers the effectiveness of SEA applied in this [email protected] way. Examples are taken from the SEA of national policy. The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) was launched in the UK in 1992. The purpose of PFI is to deliver better and more cost-effective public services by 730. (Paper) introducing private sector skills into project delivery Experience of SEA in Scotland and management. In the UK these public-private partnerships have been used to take forward a wide Chisholm, Amanda; Historic Scotland, Longmore range of public infrastructure, including hospitals, House, Edinburgh, EH9 1SH United Kingdom. 44 schools, sewerage projects, and roads. 131 668 8747 [email protected] PFI and Design and Build (D&B) contracts have been used to procure trunk roads in Scotland since Craig, Jennifer; Historic Scotland, Longmore House, the late 1990s. This method of procurement has Edinburgh, EH9 1SH United Kingdom. 44 131 668 resulted in changes to road design and, in 8832 [email protected] consequence, to the way environmental impact assessment (EIA) is undertaken, reported and Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) has implemented. Where previously EIA has been been undertaken in Scotland since July 2004. undertaken of a relatively detailed design, now EIA However, in February 2006 the Environmental is based on a set out desired outcomes. Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005 came into force. The Act requires SEA to be undertaken of policies This paper sets out Scottish experience in carrying and strategies as well as plans and programmes in out EIA in a PFI and D&B environment. Key issues, Scotland. This makes the scope of Scottish SEA based on lessons learned to date, are identified and wider than that required by the European SEA described. These include: the level of project design Directive. detail available and the issue of design prescription, the management of uncertainty, identification and The Act identifies three authorities to be consulted implementation of mitigation measures, and the at specified stages during the SEA process, of drafting of contractual requirements. Examples are which Historic Scotland is one. Historic Scotland has provided from the experience of the authors. therefore had the opportunity to review the majority of SEAs undertaken since July 2004.

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The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview The results were as follows: not in the drafts but in of SEA experience in Scotland since July 2004. The the final reports, the case the minimum requirement paper provides an introduction to SEA in Scotland; was fulfilled. In almost all cases, the changes of the describes the changed procedure; sets out the roles BAF values were clearly positive. During the early and responsibilities of the different players; identifies years frequent mistakes were found in the drafts, the types of plans, programmes and strategies for but all of them were corrected in the finals. Recently which SEA has been undertaken; and considers the the frequency of mistakes decreased remarkably. challenges faced by many authorities in taking The scale-down tendency in the area of the surfaces forward a relatively new environmental assessment with vegetation connected to soil below was procedure. obvious; therefore it is necessary to assess the area separately from BAF. It has been proved that the

649. (Poster) BAF is a very practical index to promote ecological Application of Index of Greenness in value in EIA.

Streetscape on the Environmental Impact Assessment of Seoul 392. (Poster) Improving Korean EIA Related to Military Cho, Yong-Hyeon; Kongju National University, 1 Facilities Daehoe-ri, Yesan-eup, Yesan-gun, Chungnam-do 340-702 Korea. 82-17-212-2208 Fax 82-41-330- Choi, Joon-Gyu; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 1449 [email protected] Bulgwang-Dong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380- 7698 Fax 82-2-380-7744 [email protected] The purpose of this research is to analyze practicality of the IGS (Index of Greenness in Kang, Jae-Gu; ROK Army, 613-2 Bulgwang-Dong, Streetscape) in EIA through case study of practices Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380-7698 Fax 82-2- in that of Seoul. IGS is a new index which directly 380-7744 [email protected] expresses humans’ perceptions of plants in a street and defined as the area ratio of which leaves of Joo, Young-Joon; Korea Environment Institute, 613- plants occupy in an eye-level view of a person 2 Bulgwang-Dong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380- standing on the center line of a street. In this 7666 Fax 82-2-380-7744 [email protected] research all the 42 cases of 3 step reports including plans, drafts, and final reports which had been Cho, Kong-Jang; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 passed through the EIA procedure of Seoul was Bulgwang-Dong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380- analyzed. The results were as follows: not in the 7606 Fax 82-2-380-7744 [email protected] drafts but in the final reports, in all the cases the minimum requirement (25%) was fulfilled. In almost This poster analyzes previously conducted EISs on all cases, the changes of the IGS values were military facilities and, more specifically, fire training clearly positive. In the drafts, frequent mistakes such sites and proposes an alternative to them. Many as unsuitable picture composition, unsuitable problems have hampered military-associated EIA. sample points, and inconsistency of the planting For instance, how to define the proper scope of plan with the simulation result were found, but all of projects and how to handle military confidentiality them were corrected in the final reports. It was made it difficult to properly implement EIA in verified that the IGS is a very practical index to projects related to military facilities. Moreover, how promote green streetscape, but in order to to find a way to involve diverse stakeholders has guarantee an achievement, a thorough investigation been considered as crucial and problematic. of reports is needed. Thus, this poster intends to propose an alternative

654. (Poster) to problems mentioned above. First, participation in Applications of Biotope Area Factor on the an environmental council from diverse Environmental Impact Assessment of Seoul stakeholders—local community, environmental agency and MND (Ministry of National Defense)— has to be institutionalized within EIA implemented Cho, Yong-Hyeon; Kongju National University, 1 by MND. Second, the probability error should be Daehoe-ri, Yesan-eup, Yesan-gun, Chungnam-do applied to promote effects prediction, mitigation and 340-702 Korea. 82-17-212-2208 Fax 82-41-330- reliability. This will, in turn, improve EA methods on 1449 [email protected] military-associated projects. To implement above

suggestions, a set of guidelines must be established The purpose of this research is to analyze in MND EIA system. Ultimately, if these suggestions practicality of the BAF (Biotop Area Factor) in EIA are implemented properly, it will not only be through case study of practices in that of Seoul. The beneficial for MND that will execute military trainings BAF expresses the ratio of the ecologically effective conscious of environmental impacts, but also for the surface area to the total land area. In this calculation, public, who will reclaim their constitutional rights the individual parts of a plot of land are weighted such as property right and environmental right according to their ecological value. In this research, all the 42 cases of 3-step reports including plans, drafts, and final reports which had been passed through the EIA procedure of Seoul was analyzed.

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705. (Poster) less on ecological aspects. Less consideration has High-Efficiency Constructed Wetland Using NPS been given to the traditional culture of coastal areas. in Cambodia This paper emphasizes that we have to conserve coastal areas with Dangsan forests. Reclaiming Choi, Kyoungyoung; Nature and Environment, coastal areas into land will not only degrade Kalak-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-720 Korea. 82- environment, but also damage cultural landscape. 2-3401-3366 [email protected] This paper introduces several sites in Jeonla Province, showing the beauty of Dangsan forests in Kim, Jiyoung; KEI, Bulgwang-dong,Eunpyeong-gu, coastal areas and their importance in the Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380-7744 managrment of the areas. As a cultural landscape, [email protected] Dangsan forests can provide multiple advantages to the local people in coast region toward a sustainable High-efficiency constructed wetland using NPS future. (NEWS Process Substrate) is suitable for the wastewater treatment in farm or mountain districts 458. (Paper) as it does not require energy or specialists for Global Warming, Urbanization, and Heat Waves maintenance and can be harmonized with environment. In order to validate the efficiency, this Choi, Byoung-Cheol; Meteorological Research study will be applied in Cambodia where supply ratio Institute, 460-18 Shindaebang-dong, Dongjak-gu, of drainage system is low. It is expected that the Seoul 156-720 Korea. +82-2-846-2850 Fax +82-2- efficiency of wetland in Cambodia will be high since 846-2851 [email protected] its climate conditions are suitable for the growth of plants and activation of microorganisms. In the Kim, Jiyoung; Meteorological Research Institute, settlements of Cambodia, people use underground 460-18 Shindaebang-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156- water for drinking and discharge wastewater near 720 Korea. +82-2-846-2850 Fax +82-2-846-2851 the source of underground water, which [email protected] contaminates the underground water resulting in spread diseases. Furthermore, other types of Lee, Dae-Geun; Meteorological Research Institute, wastewater treatment system are, in fact, almost 460-18 Shindaebang-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156- impossible since the electric power is not available. 720 Korea. +82-2-846-2850 Fax +82-2-846-2851 In February 2007, a high-efficiency wetland was [email protected] constructed in the Prey Veang village near Phnom

Penh, Cambodia, as a pilot installation, to evaluate Increase of global surface temperature due to the efficiency. High-efficiency wetland may be anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases may utilized very usefully in fast urbanizing areas of cause many adverse effects on our life, socio- developing countries. economic activity, health, and others. Moreover, urbanization in the large cities may enhance the 488. (Poster) warming effect and its strength because of release Dangsan Forest as an Environmental Factor for of anthropogenic heat and land use change. Coast Areas in Korea Episodic events of heat waves have been mainly reported in the large or mega cities (e.g., Paris, Choi, Jai-Ung; National Rural Resources Chicago, etc.). In this paper, the impacts of global Development Institute, NIASt, RDA, 88-2, Seodun- warming and urbanization on human health are dong, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon, Korea, Suwon, investigated. In major cities of South Korea, heat- Gyeonggi-do 441-853 Korea. 82-31-299-0541 Fax related mortality was analyzed and statistically 82-31-299-0503 [email protected] estimated. The results show that the acclimation effects are closely related to the latitudinal location Kim, Dong-Yeob; Department of Landscape of the cities. Especially, the excess deaths due to Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University, 300, abnormal heat waves appears in Seoul and Incheon Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Korea, Suwon, metropolitan cities. The climatic cause of recordable Korea. 82-31-290-7846 [email protected] heat waves in South Korea and early warning system of heat waves will be presented. Dangsan forests are the places where the Dangsan festival is held, and they are a unique cultural asset 574. (Paper) of Korea with a history more than several hundred Alternative Analysis (Cost-Benefit Analysis in years. Although many Dangsan forests have been EIA in regard to Road Development Project in degraded by physical damage and the Dangsan Korea) festival has declined in many villages, lots of people in coastal areas have maintained Dangsan forests Choi, Mihee; National Assembly Budget Office, to the present. There are a lot of coastal sandbar Yeouido-dong,Seoul, Seoul, Seoul 150-710 Korea. areas along the south and west coast. The coasts 02-2070-3120 Fax 02-2070-3126 are under development in large scale. Many coastal [email protected] | http://www.nabo.go.kr sandbars have been eliminated by reclamation projects for agricultural fields or resort complexes. In planning road building, as one of public The environmental impact assessments for the tidal investments in infrastructure, the Korean land reclamation focus more on physical factors and

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Government is obliged to carry out environmental resilience 5.21 to 7.18 (average 5.98). A total of 16 impact analysis (EIA), accompanied with cost- estuaries were categorized into 3 groups by benefit analysis in project evaluation. However, the statistical analyses (Principle Component Analysis, Government does not have the system which can Redundancy Analysis and Clustering Analysis). reflect environmental impact caused by road Results of statistical analyses contained ecological building to cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in project characteristics and current research situation of evaluation. As a result, CBA does not appropriately estuaries, and also indicated the useful indicator for show environmental impact that is important in EIA. further study. In this article, I will try to show what different result can be achieved if we include environmental impact 457. (Poster) in EIA. Environmental Consideration of Small Hydropower(SHP) Plant Construction Methodology A. Money Unit to Transfer EIA Results Chun, Dong Jun; Korea Environment Institute, B. Cost-Benefit Analysis Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706

Korea. 82 2 380 7751 Fax 82 2 380 7744 Summary of data [email protected] CBA of environments and economic feasibility in

Chuncheon-Yangyang highway project as follows: Kwon, Young Han; Korea Environment Institute,

Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 A. Government result: B/C =1.442/ NPV=10,539 Korea. 82 2 380 7660 [email protected] Korea Won

B. Research result: B/C= 0.75/ NPV=-6,613 Korea Kim, Ji Young; Korea Environment Institute, Won Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706

Korea. 82 2 380 7677 [email protected] Conclusion

The Government says that Chuncheon-Yangyang Ro, Tae Ho; Korea Environment Institute, highway project has economic feasibility. I came to Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 the conclusion, after considering environmental Korea. 82 2 380 7671 [email protected] impact obtained from EIA data, Chuncheon-

Yangyang highway project does not have economic In Korea, forty-four SHP plants have been built and feasibility. Therefore, the Government need operated deom 1982 until now. We examined hereafter consider reflecting on EIA data when they problems and undesirable effects on the river carry out public investments. ecosystem that resulted from construction and operation of SHP plants in Nakdong river. The 459. (Poster) operating SHP plants caused negative impacts to Analysis of Ecological Characteristics about river ecosystem in terms of ecological, physical, and Major Estuaries in Korea Based on the Aquatic scenic aspects. Until 2012, the target of SHP energy Insects Assemblies production that the government plans can be achieved by constructing 181 sites of 3,000kW SHP Chun, Dong Jun; Korea Environment Institute, plants in the national river. This suggests that Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 various alternatives to replace the development of Korea. 82 2 380 7751 [email protected] the SHP plants should be considered in the planning of the future energy policy. Other alternatives of the Ro, Tae Ho; Korea Environment Institute, SHP would be to utilized a sewage plant, a clean Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 water plant, and various reservoirs which were Korea. 82 2 380 7671 [email protected] already present. If the SHP plants are inevitable in the national river, a tributary which has a proper size Based on the aquatic insect assemblies reported of catchment may be considered to utilize. since 1970, we analyzed ecological characteristics and current situation of about major 16 estuaries in 587. (Paper) Korea. A total of 71 families of aquatic insects were Preliminary Assessment of the Economic and identified in the estuaries. There were identified Environmental Impacts of a Canada-Korea FTA relatively abundant 48 and 40 families of aquatic insects in estuaries from Han and Nakdong rivers Ciuriak, Dan; Foreign Affairs and International Trade respectively. And there were identified relatively Canada, 125 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A poor 6, 5 and 4 families in Dongjin, Mangyeung and OG2 Canada. 613 995 8619 Fax 613 992 4695 Sumjin rivers respectively. Relatively high EPT rate [email protected] | was analyzed in estuaries from Samchuk_Osib http://www3.sympatico.ca/ (76.5%), Youngsan (69.2%), Yangyang (66.7%) and

Gangnung (60.0%) respectively. It reviewed most Chen, Shenjie; Foreign Affairs and International estuaries have been disturbed by human impacts in Trade Canada, 125 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario FFG analysis (shredder versus total collectors ratio, K1A OG2 Canada. 613 944 0376 Fax 613 992 4695 predator versus other groups, shredder percentage, [email protected] collector percentage). Relative resistance was analyzed 4.37 to 6.78 (average 5.71), and relative

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This note analyses the possible economic and This paper will discuss the complexities of environmental impacts of the proposed Canada- introducing an interdisciplinary approach and a Korea free trade agreement (CKFTA). The public participation process, as well as the local economic impacts of tariff elimination are assessed capacity building effect and integrative research based on simulations using a computable general programs derived from it. equilibrium (CGE) model—the Global Trade

Analysis Project (GTAP) and its database version 585. (Paper) 6.0. The environmental impacts are assessed by SEA of a Problem: Climate Change linking the CGE model-calculated changes in the structure and volume of Canadian economic output Coutinho, Miguel; IDAD, Campus Universitário, to Statistics Canada’s environmental accounts (EA). Aveiro, 3810-193 Portugal. 351234400800 The impact of non-tariff elements of an FTA is [email protected] estimated drawing on estimates of the impact of

FTAs in the economic literature using the gravity Pinho, Raquel; IDAD, Campus Universitário, Aveiro, model of trade. The analysis takes into account the 3810-193 Portugal. 351234400800 impact of the start-up of Korean automobile plants in [email protected] North America as well as the impact on bilateral

Canada-Korea trade of the expiry of the Agreement Borrego, Carlos; Departmente of Environment and on textiles and clothing. Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193 Portugal. 351234400800 [email protected] 440. (Paper) Outcomes and Complexities of the EIA of a Societies always try to minimize risks of decision Large Hydropower Project in Mexico: The making through the development of tools that Implications of Introducing an Interdisciplinary attempt to forecast the future. Analysed in a large Approach and the Benefits of Public historical framework, environmental impact Participation in Its Early Stages assessment as well as strategic environmental assessment might be considered as two of the most Contreras, Sergio; University Center of Biological important and effective of these prospective and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA), University of instruments. Guadalajara, Rafael Ochoa Montaño #448-A, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44298 Mexico. A common charateristic of prospective studies is +523338235780 Fax +523338235780 that they are often based on the design of future [email protected] scenarios. The base scenario is usually a more or less complex version of the so-called business as Clausen, Javier; ITESO, Periferico Sur 8585, usual (BAU) approach. Upon the BAU scenario, an Tlaquepaque, Jalisco 45090 Mexico. optimistic and a pessimistic trend are added, +523336693510 Fax +523336693505 defining the upper and lower limits of the future. As [email protected] a result, in most circumstances future is an extrapolation of present trends. The Mexican Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) requested the University of Guadalajara to The inclusion of collapse scenarios is seldom coordinate the EIA of the large hydroelectric project considered by the authors of prospective studies. “La Yesca,” proposed to be built on the Santiago Presently it is possible to identify a major river watershed in Western Mexico, a river system environmental force that might reveal unexpected fragmented by many other dams. To accomplish this trends in the near future: climate change. EIA, a working group of 60 specialists was selected. Methodological tools developed for strategic environmental assessment have been applied in the The EIA methodology fulfilled the requirements of evaluation of policies, plans and programs. In this the Mexican project evaluation system but also paper these tools will be applied to assess impacts integrated international best practices. The of climate change at the metropolitan scale. specialists had different areas of expertise as well as different levels of experience regarding EIAs; 545. (Paper) therefore, a series of interdisciplinary workshops The Role of Environmental Impact Assessments were developed aiming to identify and evaluate in Onshore Pipelines relevant environmental and social impacts through the interaction of the group members and the Crawford, Imogen; Sakhalin Energy, Millcroft, Castle process of mutual learning. Also, a public Douglas, Galloway DG7 3BE United Kingdom. consultation process with different stakeholders and +79147594739 [email protected] communities potentially affected by the project was introduced since the first stages of the assessment. Promotion of Environmental Impact Assessment as As an outcome of the whole process, a a mind-set rather than a one-off process. Typically communication program with multiple stakeholders EIA is used during the design phase of a project, was designed, and a watershed environmental often as more of a desk study rather than field cumulative effect monitoring plan is currently assessment. The publication is seen as a closed implemented. piece of specialist work, rather than the basis of a living document that changes with construction

30 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - project as it develops. This approach militates 637. (Poster) against the involvement of non-environmentalists. In Mangrove Re-Vegetation in Shell Nigeria 1996 - order to promote environmental issues it is 2006 important that an assessment of environmental impacts is incorporated into a ‘way we do business’ Dada, Oritsetimeyin; Shell Petroleum Development at every level. A construction project is a close-knit Company Nigeria, Old Aba Road, Port Harcourt, multidisciplinary team, including engineers, Rivers State P.O. Box 236 Nigeria. 234-084-4- company managers, welders, and labourers as well 24039 [email protected] as environmentalists. It offers an ideal opportunity to achieve integration and acceptance of an impact The Niger Delta mangrove covering about 6000 km2 assessment mind set. is largest mangrove forest in Affrica, and the third largest in the world. It is the least disturbed of the By sharing such a ‘case study’ this paper aims to delta’s four major ecological zones and serves as a encourage discussion on the next stage of EIAs - vital feeding and nursery ground for a wide variety of the promotion of a generally accepted mind set that fin and shellfish. About 5-10 percent of its size has automatically considers environmental impacts as been lost to urban and industrial development. Oil well as short term financial impacts. and gas exploration and production activities within this region mainly involve dredging of channels and slots for wells and pipelines, and cutting of seismic 130. (Paper) lines by several oil companies. The First Step Toward Biodiversity Conservation in Shell Nigeria: The Biodiversity Action Plan for In 1996, Shell Petroleum Development Company the Gilli-Gilli Forest Reserve Nigeria began a mangrove re-vegetation pilot study

for full understanding of process to ensure the Dada, Oritsetimeyin; Shell Petroleum Development conservation of the sensitive mangrove ecosystem. Company Nigeria, Old Aba Road, Port Harcourt, Since that time, over 5,000 km have been replanted Rivers State Nigeria. 234-084-4-24039 with mangrove seedlings cultivated in nurseries. [email protected] Though re-growth is very slow, the average survival

rate is about 70% when seedlings are protected and Amakiri, Jonathan; Shell Petroleum Development dead plants replaced. Plant losses are due to Company of Nigeria, Old Aba Road, Port Harcourt, trampling by humans, while monkeys and crabs Rivers State Nigeria. 234-084-21436 devour the young seedlings. [email protected]

Biodiversity conservation, a pillar of sustainable 449. (Paper) development, is emerging as a global environmental Experiences from Introducing Changes and challenge of the century. In Nigeria, the Natural Improvements of the EIA Systems in 6 Asian Resources Conservation Act 50 of 1989 focuses on Countries, with Particular Focus on the development of guidelines for the coordination of Improvements within Public Participation activities for natural resources management. The Processes (Indonesia, Iran, the Philippines, Sri National biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan aims Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam) to reduce poverty and facilitate the benefical growth of the Nigerian biodiversity. Dadang, Purnama; Ministry of Environment, Jl. DI Pandjaitan KAV 24, Kebon Nanas, Shell group considered biodiversity a key business Jakarta, Timur, 10230 Indonesia. +62 21 8590 4925 performance indicator and in May 2000, became the Fax +62 21 8590 6168 [email protected] first energy company to publish guiding principles: the Shell Group Biodiversity Standard. This states Ghodoosi, Feraidoon; Department of the Shell’s commitment to working with others to Environment of Iran EIA Bureau, Hemmat maintain ecosystems, respecting the basic concept Expressway, Pardisan Eco Park-Environmental of protected areas and seeking partnerships to Research Center, Teheran, Iran. +98 21 88268040- enable the group make a positive contribution 4 ext. 2267 Fax +98 21 88269918 towards the conservation of global biodiversity. [email protected] Additional commitments were made in August 2003. In 2005, Shell Nigeria developed the Biodiversity Viloria, Dolores M.; Environmental and Social action plan for the Gilli-Gilli forest reserve in the Services Office, Department of Public Works and Southwest of Edo State, consistent with her Highways (ESSO-DPWH), 5th floor, Bonifacio Drive, corporate biodiversity strategy and group standards. Port Area, Manila, Philippines. +63 2 304 3523 Fax Located within this reserve is SPDC’s Oben field +63 23043415 [email protected] comprising 33 wellheads, a 60,000bpd flowstation and 90mmscf/d gas processing plant. The Kulatunga, Albert Alupathange; Ministry of development of this plan is discussed. Environment, Rajamalwatte Rd., "Sampathpaya" No. 82, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. +94 11 2907853 Fax +94 11 2877292 [email protected] (Write "Att: A.A. Kulatunga" in header)

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Subasinghe Arachchige, Gamini Lakshman; Ministry In development policies, transport is closely linked of Environment, Policy Planning Division, to economic progress. As the externalities of Rajamalwatte Rd., "Sampathpaya" No. 82, transport activities include numerous health hazards Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. Res. +94 33 2275688 Fax and environmental harms, decoupling of welfare and +94 11 2877292 [email protected] transport growth is necessary. While the project portfolio of the Clean Development Mechanism Kittiwarodom, Supaporn; Bangkok Metropolitan Adm. (CDM) is expanding rapidly, the transport sector has (BMA), Bangkok City Hall 2, Mitmaltri Road, so far played a rather minor role. This paper Dindaeng District, Bangkok, 10800 Thailand. +66 explores in how far and what kind of sectoral 2245 6096 Fax +66 2246 8114 approaches to the CDM may provide a framework to [email protected] link transport planning in developing countries and discuss the potentials of SEA as a useful tool in a Songpragob, Tanawan; Department of Env. Quality programmatic CDM application. Permitting sectoral Promotion, Bureau of Public Participation Promotion, programmes and plans under the CDM may allow Prayathai, Bangkok, 10800 Thailand. +66 for the implementation of comprehensive measures 22985648 [email protected] such as transport master plans that can enable a variety of activities impacting transport trends Dung, Phan Anh; Ministry of Natural Resources and significantly. Environment, Department of Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal, 83, Nguyen Chi Thanh The paper based on a study for the German Ministry Street, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam. +84 4 for Environment and was presented on a side event 7736194 [email protected] on the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Nairobi last year. The presentation will The purpose of the paper is to show and discuss concentrate on the contribution of SEA as a major experiences in different Asian countries from tool for a sectoral CDM approach in the transport introducing changes and improvements of the sector. EIA/SEA systems. The presenters will be 5 - 10 Asian participants in the EIA and SEA Alumni Follow-up Workshop, to be held in Hanoi, Vietnam, 533. (Paper) May 28 - June 2, 2007. The presenters have SEA in China - A Contribution to Environmental previously participated in one of the 5-week Policy Integrration? International Training Programme arranged in Sweden by Ramboll Natura and financed by the Dalkmann, Holger; Transport Research Laboratory, Swedish International Development Cooperation Crowthorne House, Wokingham, Berkshire United Agency. The majority of the presenters are decision- Kingdom. 0044-1344-0279 [email protected] | makers and specialists in environmental authorities www.sea-info.net and environmental organizations, as well as planners and managers in environmental divisions Yun, Zhou; Appraisal Center for Environment and within central or local authorities, and sector Engineering, SEPA, Beijing, Afghanistan. 86-10- ministries or organizations. As part of the 84915325 [email protected] International Training Programme each participant developed a "change project." One of the objectives Sustainable planning depends on two closely of the Follow-up Workshop is to exchange related mechanisms that have been central to the experience relating to the participants' "change EU efforts to promote sustainability, and are at the projects" and institutional change processes in heart of this Action: Environmental Policy Integration general. The Workshop will also deal with the (EPI) and Strategic Environmental Assessment “Managing Change” concepts relating to (SEA). In China, SEA has been recently legislated organizational dynamics, and how networking may for (EIA Law 2002) and the medium to long-term assist participants in improving the use of EIA and intention of the State Environment Protection SEA within their organizations. Administration (SEPA) is to develop this as a mechanism that will promote both the assessment

317. (Paper) of plans for transport and energy (amongst others) CDM and SEA: Potential Programmatic Future? but also strengthen the capacity of sectoral institutions to integrate environmental concerns in Dalkmann, Holger; Transport Research Laboratory, their everyday activities of planning and Nine Mile RIde, Wokingham, Berkshire RG40 3GA implementation. United Kingdom. 00441344770279 Fax 00441344770880 [email protected] | The paper based on the action under the Asia Pro www.c4s.info Eco II Initiative from the European Commission. The presentation will focus on the project aims and key Bongardt, Daniel; Wuppertal Institute, Doeppersberg thesis how to improve the Chinese SEA system 19, Wuppertal, 42103 Germany. 0049-202-2492268 through: a) the inadequate reflection of Fax 0049-202-2492263 environmental policy objectives due to familiar [email protected] | problems of fragmentation of responsibilities and the www.wupperinst.org weakness of the environment as a cross-sectoral priority, and b) the need for information and

32 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - knowledge of technical/practical solutions that can This paper considers the Act and the translation of lead to immediate improvements in the development its requirements into actual environmental of sectoral plans. assessments. Using examples from northwest British Columbia, the paper will discuss how First Nations are involved in different aspects of the EA 415. (Paper) process, how First Nation’s knowledge, issues and Challenges in the Development of Landscape concerns are integrated and how effects on their Indicators for Local Authority SEA Reporting livelihoods, territories and environments are assessed. The paper will also present examples of d'Auria, Lianda; School of Geography, Planning and how First Nations themselves are engaging in the Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, process and the challenges they face. Belfield, Dublin, Ireland. +353 65 6846538 [email protected] The paper will conclude by looking at the challenges faced by the provincial environmental assessment SEA Directive (2001/42/EC) is intended to ensure process and all its players, where multiple that the individual policies within plans and developments are proposed in one traditional programmes are complementary of one another in territory area. achieving the aim of sustainable development and fulfil the requirements of local to international sustainable development goals. 660. (Paper) Enhancing Conservation through Integrated The need for sustainable development and Social and Environmental Assessment: A Case particularly for indicators of sustainability is a key Study from a Mining Project in Argentina requirement to implement and monitor the development of such plans and programmes. Davidson, Gillian; Rescan Environmental Services, 6-1111 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC Landscape assessment and evaluation for planning V6E2J3 Canada. 604 689 9460 and decision-making processes are important [email protected] | www.rescan.com issues pertaining to sustainable landscape management. The question of landscape complexity Pelletier, Pierre; Rescan Environmental Services, 6- is central to any attempt to qualify, monitor and 1111 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, Canada. manage large databases and indicators describing 604 689 9460 [email protected] the landscape. Cullen, Sean; Rescan Environmental Services, 6- The DPSIR framework using GIS was developed to 1111 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, Canada. integrate and amalgamate baseline data and 604 689 9460 [email protected] indicators geographically allowing spatial analysis. This conceptual framework and methodology is Burwood, Andrew; Rescan Environmental Services, made up of internationally adopted principals, 6-1111 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, Canada. assessment criteria, and measurable indicators that 604 689 9460 [email protected] were derived from landscape data within the local authority region. Testing and validation through a On April 30, 2006, a new generation of social and case study scenario for Kilrush town and environs environmental standards for international projects (Co. Clare, Ireland) highlights the advantages and came into effect constituting a significant change to limitations of this conceptual framework and the practices of natural resource companies working indicators for SEA reporting. in non-OECD nations. The improved and expanded IFC standards employ an outcomes-based approach and strengthen social and environmental 659. (Paper) policy, which at the same time, present new Creating Inclusive Environmental Assessments challenges for proponents, practitioners and in Canada: Examples from Northwest British regulators. Columbia This paper draws on the authors’ experiences of Davidson, Gillian; Rescan Environmental Services, preparing one of the first social and environmental 6-1111 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6E assessments under the new IFC guidelines for the 2J3 Canada. 604 689 9460 Agua Rica mine in northwest Argentina. It discusses [email protected] | www.rescan.com how the project team addressed the new requirements and associated challenges. The paper The British Columbia Environmental Assessment will highlight how the meaningful integration of social Act (BCEAA) requires careful consideration of considerations contributed to the overall potential development project effects on the assessment process. The approach and Province’s Aboriginal populations. The Act also methodology developed, which focused on the outlines particular requirements for consultation with identification and assessment of principle issues First Nations and the integration of Traditional and effects rather than a segregated disciplinary Knowledge into the environmental assessment. approach, will be presented. The outcomes and subsequent benefits of the process will be offered.

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In particular, the paper will argue that a multi- World Bank funded road project in the Philippines, disciplinary understanding, and therefore with particular emphasis on analysing the management, of effects can enhance the long-term effectiveness of the Multipartite Monitoring conservation of both environmental and social Team(MMT) in performing their monitoring task aspects potentially influenced by the project. particularly monitoring environmental issues and mitigating measures applied during road construction. Specially, the study will determine the 432. (Paper) strengths and weaknesses of the EMS thru the The Legal Design of Belgian Impact Assessment MMT's performance in order to improve the Systems: Fit for Good Governance? monitoring system for future DPWH projects.

De Mulder, Jan; Public Governance dept-Ministry of Under the Philippine EIS, the Department of Flanders, K. Albert II laan 20 bus 2, Brussels, B- Environment and Natural Resources-Environmental 1000 Belgium. 32474999432 Management Bureau is mandated to monitor project [email protected] while the project proponent has also a significant role in the monitoring system and shall organize the Due to its constitutional structure, Belgium is a MMT to function as autonomous monitoring team. federal state. As a consequence, impact assessment requirements needed to be introduced The study will provide sound and stronger basis in at several policy levels. Furthermore, impact institutionalizing the multipartite monitoring system, assessment requirements have been initiated in particularly the ECC-issued development projects. several policy fields. Whilst historically Also, this will enable the policy makers to formulate environmental impact assessment has been the relevant and workable rules and regulations, as well most obvious and legally unavoidable approach, as courses of actions that could be employed to during the past decade new IA forms were initiated further incorporate and mainstraim local involvement such as children impact assessment, gender impact in environmental monitoring system. assessment, regulatory impact assessment, sustainable development IA, etc. 623. (Paper) This proliferation of IA approaches happened An Online Guide for Inclusion of Health in without much reflexion. In the presentation we will EIA/SEA present an overview of the existing Belgian IA systems within a comparative perspective. den Broeder, Lea; RIVM National Institute for Public Similarities and differences regarding the Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, Bilthoven, institutional design features of the different 3720 BA Netherlands. +31 30 2743039 Fax +31 30 regional/national/sectoral IA systems will be 2744414 [email protected] | www.rivm.nl highlighted. van Alphen, Theo; RIVM National Institute for Public However, Belgian case law concerning IA is not so Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, Bilthoven, abundant; a particular administrative court decision 3720 BA Netherlands. +31 30 274 9111 Fax +31 30 has revealed an interesting element of the “Belgian” 274 4450 [email protected] | www.rivm.nl IA practice. This case will be introduced and commented, as it illustrates also the “responsibility Storm, Ilse; RIVM National Institute for Public Health issue” in impact assessment. Quality remains a and the Environment, PO Box 1, Bilthoven, 3720 BA critical element of any IA system. All stakeholders Netherlands. +31 30 274 9111 Fax +31 30 274 4450 need to act in a responsible way in an IA process, [email protected] | www.rivm.nl but how to ensure, or at least to enhance such a governance requirement ? Knol, Anne; RIVM National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, Bilthoven, 3720 BA Netherlands. +31 30 2749111 186. (Paper) [email protected] | www.rivm.nl An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Environmental Monitoring System in the ten Holder, Veronica; Commission for EIA, P.O. Box Halsema Road Rehabilitation Project in the 2345, Utrecht, 3500 GH Netherlands. + 31 30 234 Philippines 76 66 [email protected] | www.eia.nl del Rosario, Rosemarie; Environmental and Social Draaijers, Geert; Commission for EIA, P.O. Box Services Office. Department of Public Works and 2345, Utrecht, 3500 GH Netherlands. + 31 30 234 Highways, Bonifacio Drive, Port Area, Manila, 76 66 [email protected] | www.eia.nl Marikina City, Metro Manila 1018 Philippines. (02)304-35-23 Fax (02)304-34-15 There is a formal obligation in the Netherlands to [email protected] | www.dpwh.gov.ph include health aspects in EIA and SEA. However, the legal framework does not state it in a very The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the specific way and hence the topic is not widely Environmental Monitoring System (EMS) of the addressed in EIA and SEA work. Halsema Road Rehabilitation Project (HRRP), a

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A web-based guide was developed to assess which 307. (Paper) health aspects have to be considered relevant in Development of Alternatives for Use in Strategic projects, programmes or proposals that require an Environmental Assessment EIA or SEA. The aim is to promote a broader attention to health determinants (including social Desmond, Margaret; University College Cork, determinants, lifestyle and access to health care) Western Road, Cork, Ireland. 021 7332465 and implement them in EIA/SEA. [email protected]

The guide is currently tested in the screening phase The Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of several real-life projects where IA is required. The Directive (2001/42/EC) requires the assessment of set-up of the guide and first test results will be likely significant effects on the environmental of presented at the IAIA conference. implementing plans or programmes and reasonable alternatives. While the SEA regulations and guidelines emphasize rigor and objectivity in the 262. (Paper) assessment of alternatives they have little to say on SERPENT of the Deep – Best Practices in the actual development of alternatives. Therefore, Research, Monitoring and Partnerships for a criteria should be established which would aid Deepwater Well off Atlantic Canada decision makers in the development and analysis of alternatives appropriate to the tier of decision d'Entremont, Andre; Chevron Canada Limited, 500 making. Fifth Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta T2P 0L7 Canada. 1-403-234-5294 Fax 1-403-234-5947 A theoretical methodology is presented for [email protected] developing generic SEA alternatives for a proposed plan or programme. Specifically, the methodology Kaariainen, Janne; SERPENT Project Office, includes a set of alternatives development criteria European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH United and decision support framework. The emphasis is Kingdom. +44 2380 596357 [email protected] | on land use planning but the methodology is also www.serpentproject.com applicable to other sectors such as waste management. The outputs from this will help focus Baker, Krista; Memorial University of Newfoundland, on the development of more sustainable alternatives. Marine Lab Road, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada. 1-709-737-8833 [email protected] 537. (Paper) Political Contention, Public Participation and The Orphan Basin is a remote deepwater area Political Mobilization: The Matola Hazardous located 390 km from St. John’s, Newfoundland and Waste Incinerator Labrador, Canada. Chevron Canada Limited’s (CCL) Great Barasway well was the first Canadian Devlin, John; University of Guelph, Landscape participation in the international SERPENT Project. Architecture Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 1N4 SERPENT utilizes Remotely Operated Vehicles Canada. 519 824-4120 x52575 Fax 519-767-1686 (ROVs), or remotely controlled submersibles which [email protected] are the “eyes” and “hands” of a deepwater drilling operation, to collect scientific data which would be The paper approaches EA processes as examples prohibitively expensive or impractical for research of contentious politics. The paper suggests that institutions to collect. although EA regimes often give scope for public participation the effectiveness of public participation This has been a collaborative effort between CCL is conditional upon characteristics of the political and Memorial University of Newfoundland, the regime and characteristics of the public University of Southampton, the Canadian mobilizations that take place around each particular Department of Fisheries and Oceans and the EA. A framework is presented based on several Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore cases in developing countries where public Petroleum Board. This has been an open participation in EA processes has been associated relationship whereby all parties have been involved with the blockage of large-scale development in the study design, and data have been freely projects. The framework is then applied to the case shared. Initial results have verified environmental of the Matola Hazardous Waste Incinerator Project assessment predictions and have included world in Mozambique a case of successful civil society class digital photographs and video of the resistance which contibuted to the emergence of organisms that live in water depths of 2,338 metres Mozambique's first environmental NGO. (7,700 feet). This has expanded the range of several species of deepwater fish and when sediment samples are analyzed may result in the discovery of 156. (Paper) rare or new species of deepwater benthic organisms. Anthropogenic Impacts on Pristine Socio- Ecological Whole-System Facing Directional Additional information can be found at Changes: Strategic Environmental Assessment www.serpentproject.com. in Bhutan Himalayas

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Dey, Dipayan; SAFE, Indian Chapter, 27E/4 Under this perspective, the BEST (Bioethanol for B.R.Ghosh Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700048 Sustainable Transport) project will entail an India. 00913324818085 [email protected] | extensive substitution of oil fuels for bioethanol, www.safeinch.org leading to a market breakthrough across Europe. The project includes experiences from Brazil and 'SAFE Indian chapter' is a non-profit non- China. government organization working towards sustainable environmental development in South This paper presents sustainability assessment Asia. framework to evaluate sustainability in the BEST project. This entails evaluating broader sustainability To enhance sustainability, anthropogenic impacts objectives as well as the project’s main objectives, must be considered as integral component of socio- data and outcomes against four sustainability ecological system. Testing simple whole-system criteria: social, environmental, economic and policy. models facilitate multivariate intercommunications across ecological and social factors. Bhutan, being The sustainability assessment has been coupled a unique biodiversity hotspot of the world, shares with some indicators from the Lisbon Criteria as well major responsibility of nature conservation and has as with some initiatives within the UK and the already framed policies to address the situation. But European Union (e.g., LowCVP) regarding the to equate economic development with conservation, development of an Assurance Reporting Criteria to the nation has opted for sustainable development ensure a sustainable production and use of strategy based on international partnership, bioethanol through life cycle assessment. reciprocity and national participation. A simulation model has been drawn here to evaluate resilience thresholds of socio-ecological sustainability. 658. (Paper) Dependence of rural people on Himalayan Towards Sustainable Electricity Projects: The resources demands more planning, if biodiversity is Establishment of Strategic Environmental to exist in future for increasing populations and their Assessment in the Federal Commission of demands on natural resources. Saturation of arable Electricity, Mexico land for production, deterioration of grazing resources with rising demands of livestock products, Díaz-Perea, Francisco Javier; Federal Commission severe mountain erosion caused by urbanization, of Electricity, Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, No. 4156-4 and waste disposal with expanding urban belts have floor, Mexico City, Distrito Federal 01900 Mexico. opened up new frontiers of ecological crisis in fragile +52(55)54817512 [email protected] Himalayas. While real pristine forests must be protected from vested interests, the foundations of Montañez-Cartaxo, Luis E.; Federal Commission of sustainable forest conservation must be built on Electricity, Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, No. 4156-4 principles of social justice and decentralized floor, Mexico City, Distrito Federal 01900 Mexico. participatory governance. It is therefore important to +52(55)54817512 [email protected] develop plausible scenarios of future changes in socio-ecological whole-system facing directional Álvarez-Chávez, María del Carmen; Federal changes. Commission of Electricity, Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, No. 4156-4 floor, Mexico City, Distrito

734. (Paper) Federal 01900 Mexico. +52(55)54817512 A Framework for the Assessment Of Biofuels's [email protected] Sustainability: The Case of the Best Project Aguinaco-Bravo, Vicente; Federal Commission of Diaz-Chavez, Rocio; Imperial College London, CEP Electricity, Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, No. 4156-5 South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ United floor, Mexico City, Distrito Federal 01900 Mexico. Kingdom. 004420 7594 9338 r.diaz- +52(55)54817512 [email protected] [email protected] In Mexico, the Federal Commission of Electricity Woods, Jeremy; Imperial Colleg London, CEP (CFE) is the main utility, covering almost all the South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ United country. Since 1988, CFE has made environmental Kingdom. 0044 20 7594 7315 impact assessments for many electric projects [email protected] (power plants, electric lines, substations, etc.). In 2006, CFE introduced a Strategic Plan for Interest in biofuels is gathering pace around the Sustainable Development, which is an institutional world, stimulated by the recent rise in oil prices, program. Under this Plan, CFE has initiated to wider energy security worries and climate change introduce the Strategic Environmental Assessment concern. Biofuels appear to offer a mature in order to incorporate the environmental variable in alternative to oil-based transport fuels, which can at the electricity sector substantial processes. This the same time substantially reduce GHG emissions paper shows the general outline of the next step. at reasonable cost. Under these assumptions, a We will take advantage of the great CFE experience host of policy initiatives are underway within Europe in: having made hundreds of EIAs, planning each to increase the proportion of biofuels used in year the Mexican electricity development plan for a transport over the next decade. 10-year horizon, and having assessed the social

36 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - impacts of our main projects. The first phase of this O'Mahony, Tadhg; Environmental Protection Agency, program will be to introduce SEA into the Inniscarragh, Cork, Ireland. +353214875540 architecture of the Works and Investment Program [email protected] for the Electricity Sector (POISE) and develop a monitoring program in order to measure changes in Environmental objectives, targets and indicators are the POISE integration and implementation. the tools through which the environmental impact of Company experts in planning, EIA and SIA will a proposed plan may be assessed and the participate, but an international consultant with monitoring system developed for Strategic expertise in the electricity sector will be needed in Environmental Assessment (SEA). Due to their order to end up with a specific, holistic strategy for pivotal role in demonstrating environmental impact it CFE. is crucial to ensure utmost quality in their development.

149. (Paper) Build Up a Suitable Model for Health Impact Establishing effective environmental indicators, with Assessment on Current Situation of Vietnam associated objectives and targets, is an arduous task, but as the SEA Directive (2001/42/EC) centres on demonstrating and monitoring environmental Doan Ngoc, Hai; National Institute of Occupational impacts it is important to get it right as early in the and Environmental Health, Vietnam, 1B Yersin, process as possible. Here we present a quality Hanoi, Viet Nam. +84-4-8214946 Fax +84-4- assurance checklist for practitioners to ensure 8212894 [email protected] compliance with (i) the minimum requirements of the

SEA Directive and (ii) guidelines established by the In Vietnam, many new plans, projects and policies Irish government for SEA of land use development (called projects) are promulgated each year. These plans. Furthermore, we propose additional projects contribute an important role to the recommended tasks to ensure high quality. Some of development of the country. However, many of them the questions posed include, ‘Can the environmental have a significant impact on people’s health. indicators demonstrate environmental impact, i.e., Currently, Health Impact Assessment (HIA) does not are they sensitive to change?’, ‘Is the number of apply for new projects. It is only a small part in the environmental indicators manageable, in terms of environmental impact assessment procedures and it time and resources?’, ‘Will the results of the is often ignored. HIA is a useful tool for assessment monitoring programme demonstrate environmental of health impact of projects. It is ideal if HIA was impacts?’ and ‘Has responsibility for monitoring carried out before projects begin. However, it is been determined?’ We apply the complete checklist difficult to apply HIA to this period because the to several environmental reports from Ireland and process is often short. Moreover, many existing abroad. projects clearly affect people’s health. Therefore, in Vietnam, the most important thing is assessment of the health impact of existing projects in order to 471. (Paper) reduce health impact as much as possible, then SEA, a Contribution to Sustainable Urban making HIA a compusory regulation to any new Design - The Approach in Berlin projects. There are some models of HIA; however, these models are not easy to apply on current Herberg, Alfred; TU Berlin, EB 5, Straße des 17. situation of Vietnam because of diffent from Juni 145, Berlin, 10623 Germany. 0049-30-314- management systems, procedures and other factors. 72741 Fax 0049-30-314-72741 [email protected] Flexible HIA drawn from practical experiences of berlin.de | http://www.tu-berlin.de/~ other countries should be built up to apply HIA successfully in Vietnam. The motive for the presentation is the development of an environmental assessment framework for different kinds of land use plans in Berlin, Germany. 365. (Paper) The covered area is the metropolitan area of Berlin Ensuring High Quality Environmental Objectives, as a whole. The approach shall be a basis for a Targets and Indicators in Strategic strategic discussion of environmental topics of Environmental Assessment (SEA) different alternatives of the urban development. It takes into account binding and optional Donnelly, Alison; Trinity College environmental goals as well as the necessity to Dublin/Environmental Protection Agency, Botany compare data of different precision and quality. Building, Dublin, 2 Ireland. +35318961641 [email protected] The current vision is to use this SEA Tools for discussing environmental impacts in urban planning Prendergast, Terry; Dublin Institute of Technology, secenarios. The presentation shall discuss 3Faculty of the Built Environment, Dublin, 1 Ireland. generalizable conclusions for possible contributions +35318961641 [email protected] of SEA to a sustainable urban design and good governance. Jones, Mike; Trinity College Dublin, Botany Building, Dublin, 2 Ireland. +35318961641 Topics: [email protected] • General outline on the legal (EU and national) backgrounds of SEA.

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• The consideration of the relevant enhance cooperative river basin management environmental policies and objectives. through organizing social learning processes. Social • The assesment framework for information learning implies learning by all stakeholders to processing and decision making, manage issues in which they have a stake and is considering the heterogenous databases based on dialogue and frame reflection. and qualitiy of environmental informations Experiences with public participation in various (Example Berlin). member states and in numerous case studies • Outlook: Using SEA-tools to discuss resulted in a Handbook for organizers of public environemental impacts of urban participation activities in water management entitled development secenarios. “Learning together to manage together.” This paper • SEA: A matter of course for sustainable reports on the main findings of this international urban design and good governance. comparative research and summarizes the planning approach for participatory activities promoted in this book. 218. (Paper) Zoning the Kruger National Park: The 80 Year Blue Sky Scenario 294. (Poster) EIA of New Motorways in Croatia: Two Case Eber, Sue; South African National Parks, Private Studies Bag X1015, Phalaborwa, South Africa, Phalaborwa, Limpopo 1309 South Africa. +27 (0)13 735 6519 Erdelez, Anita; Civil Engineering Institute of Croatia, Fax +27 (0)13 735 6518 [email protected] Matice hrvatske 15, Split, 21000 Croatia. +385989844490 [email protected] | www.igh.hr In 2006 Kruger National Park, the flagship park of South African National Parks (SANParks) embarked For the past ten years construction of motorways, on a project to revise the Management Plan for the especially highways, presents the majority of park as required by the National Environmental infrastructure projects in Croatia. Two case studies Management Protected Areas Act. SANParks is of environmental impact assessment of planned required to adopt a spatial planning system in all motorways are presented: (1) motorway Ploče 2 – national parks, the Conservation Development Ploče which connects Adriatic highway and Port of Framework (CDF). As a first stage in compiling a Ploče, (2) motorway Vučevica - Kaštela which comprehensive CDF, the Kruger National Park team connects Adriatic highway and Split and Kaštela revised the zonation plan using the principles of urban area. The general approach of EIA process in Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as part Croatia is presented. Application of EIA on these of the ‘package of plan’ approach. two specific case studies is analyzed. Major impacts and mitigation measures are presented and general The draft Kruger CDF, of which the zonation plan is problem of necessity of obligatory SEA is underlined. a part, is a broad spatial plan in which activity and development areas are identified within the broader zonation scheme. The CDF also looks beyond the 452. (Paper) Determining the Business Value of Corporate- park’s borders, and gives attention to managing the Community Investment: Integrating Operations park interface and its land inclusion programme. Management with Impact Assessment

The revised zonation plan and draft CDF, it is demonstrated, is far more robust than its Esteves, Ana Maria; Community Insights, 13/47-51 predecessors as it was informed by biodiversity, Domain Street, Melbourne, VIC 3141 Australia. +61 tourism, socio-cultural and regional factors through 3 9866 7669 an integrated and iterative process. This process [email protected] insured that an eighty year view was taken into the future through a scenario planning approach. This paper will address the question “What constitutes a reasonable investment in community goodwill?” Corporates are still grappling with this subject even though the business case for 492. (Paper) Social Learning for Better Water Management – community investment has been accepted at a Insights from the EU HarmoniCOP Project general level, as a strategy for competitive differentiation, risk mitigation and a desire to deliver – and to be seen to deliver – a “net benefit” to Enserink, Bert; Delft University of Technology, affected communities. As the CSR debate becomes Jaffalaan 5, Delft, 2600GA Netherlands. more refined, stakeholders are scrutinising the *31152788071 [email protected] content and impact of social programs more

rigorously and asking questions about their The European Water Framework Directive sets relevance to the overall impact of companies’ highly ambitious objectives with respect to improving operations. Common complaints are that companies the water quality throughout Europe and requires give with one hand, while taking away with the other, member states to organize active public involvement are inconsistent across business areas, or insincere in river basin management planning. The EU in their rhetoric about community development. sponsored HarmoniCOP project sought for ways to Case studies in the extractive industries will show

38 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - how integrated or “soft systems” methods can assist In this context, climate analysis maps containing companies assess social investment projects in aggregated and evaluated climate and air quality order to create value for both the company and information as well as maps with planning community, and clarify the boundaries of recommendations related to both topics are the responsibility at a local operations level. Multi- necessary groundwork for the application of criteria decision analysis techniques integrating environmental assessments in spatial/land use operations research with social impact assessment planning. have proved useful in assisting companies think beyond seeking access to required lands and In this context, the paper will focus on a new way of peaceful relations, to how they can contribute to promoting environmental assessments regarding regional development. urban climate and air quality in the process of spatial/land use planning in Republic of Korea with

437. (Paper) the focus on assessment tools and evaluation The Promotion of Environmental Assessments criteria. concerning Urban Climate and Air Quality in Spatial/Land Use Planning in Seoul, Republic of Korea 538. (Paper) EIA and Then What? – Client and Contractor Responses to Environmental Requirements Eum, Jeong-Hee; Institute for Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Berlin University of Technology, Straße des 17. Juni 145, Faith-Ell, Charlotta; WSP Civils, Arenavägen 7, Berlin, 10623 Germany. +49-30-314-73493 Fax Stockholm, SE-12188 Sweden. +4686886544 +49-30-314-24831 [email protected] | www.tu- [email protected] berlin.de/fb7/ile/ Lundberg, Kristina; Royal Institute of Technology, Köppel, Johann; Institute for Landscape Architecture Brinellvägen 28, Stockholm, SE-10044 Sweden. and Environmental Planning, Berlin University of +4687906141 [email protected] Technology, Straße des 17. Juni 145, Berlin, 10623 Germany. +49-30-314-22344 Fax +49-30-314- This paper addresses the issue of EIA in 24831 [email protected] | www.tu- infrastructure planning and its relation to the berlin.de/fb7/ile/ construction and maintenance phases. The traditional process in Swedish infrastructure Scherer, Dieter; Institute for Ecology, Dept. of planning is usually seen as a straightforward linear Climatology, Berlin University of Technology, process with clear stages such as initial and Rothenburgstraße 12, Berlin, 12165 Germany. +49- feasibility studies, design plan, and finally 30-314-71356 Fax +49-30-314-71355 construction. EIA is required in each of these stages. [email protected] | www.klima.tu- Also, follow-up is usually brought forward as an berlin.de important step of the EIA process. However, a study of environmental requirements in road maintenance Fehrenbach, Ute; Institute for Ecology, Dept. of indicates that the requirement in the contracts are Climatology, Berlin University of Technology, based on the knowledge of single individuals and Rothenburgstraße 12, Berlin, 12165 Germany. +49- not on a systematic identification of relevant 30-314-71309 Fax +49-30-314-71355 environmental information e.g. EIS, legislation or [email protected] | www.klima.tu- environmental objectives. Furthermore, the berlin.de implementation of the requirements is based on interpretations of the requirements, and the The rapid economic growth in the Republic of Korea execution of the requirements is dependent of the during the last few decades has caused lots of contractors’ knowledge, resources, and economy. environmental problems including changes of urban This indicates that the contracting process climate and air quality. As environmental determine the environmental effectiveness of a conservation has become an important issue in the project to the same extent as the EIA process. Also, Republic of Korea, the interest in urban climate and the studies showed that the EIA and EMP could air quality has increased, in particular, in Seoul with serve as a base for the environmental requirements its densely built-up area. in the tender documents. The environmental requirements could thereby be used in the follow-up Despite of increasing interest in both topics, it has of the EIA. not been easy to incorporate these issues in processes of environmental assessments, 185. (Paper) particularly those related to spatial/land use A Study on Individual Perceptions of Road planning. This is partly due to the lack of the Traffic Noise appropriate tools offering spatially-distributed information on climate and air quality based on Fajardo, Belinda; Department of Public Works and transparent and commonly accepted evaluation Highways (DPWH), 5th Floor ESSO, Bonifacio Drive criteria. Port Area, Manila, 1018 Philippines. +632-3043287 Fax +632-3043415 [email protected] / [email protected]

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The results of this basic study would be useful in the involving a number of major cities (addressing formulation of noise-related standards, policies, and problems of urban transportation and air quality) and programs which are more sensitive, relevant, and river basins (assessment of water resources appropriate to the social concerns, needs and development projects and policies), a set of fully conditions of individuals. integrated web-based tools for an innovative participatory approach to impact assessment Field measurements of noise levels were implementing concepts of eGovernment is undertaken simultaneously with noise perception presented. This combines on-line data bases to survey sites in Metro-Manila. The sites were describe projects and their environments, selected in order to obtain data over a wide institutions, issues, and available instruments, with spectrum of prevailing noise levels. tools for structured stakeholder involvement including interactive questionnaires together with The topic deals on the Study on Individual more traditional workshops. The central tool is a set Perceptions of Road Traffic Noise. The study filled a of integrated simulation and multi-criteria research gap by investigating individual perceptions optimization models embedded in a rule-based of road traffic noise and their relationship with actual assessment framework using expert system noise levels as measured using sound level meters. technology and an adaptive, interactive checklist It also determined the effects of road traffic noise on method. individuals such as annoyance, stress, and hearing problems. All tools and data sets are easily accessible on the Internet providing a common, shared information Noise generated by traffic is a social and basis and communication infrastructure for an environmental problem that should be addressed by informed and interactive assessment and decision the governments' transportation and highway making process. This is designed to give due weight infrastructure agencies involved in road transport to both the scientific-technical and the socio-political development. The exposure of individuals to road aspects of impact assessment for broad traffic noise can cause health problems; can be very participation and thus ownership, shared disturbing or annoying to individuals and thus affect responsibility, and acceptance. their work efficiency and general quality of urban life; and, under certain condictions can also damage physical structures. 401. (Paper) Assessment of Urban and Industrial Air Quality: Most studies dealing with environmental issues A Real-Time Web-Based Approach have focused mainly on air pollution. Noise pollution is the least dealt with among the many impacts of Fedra, Kurt; ESS GmbH, Kalkgewerk1, road traffic, but there is now a growing concern with Gumpoldskirchen, 2352 Austria. +43225263305 this problem. The limited number of studies that [email protected] | www.ess.co.at have dealt with noise focused mainly on making objective physical measurements of noise levels. Kim, Tai J.; BioTel Co. Ltd., 121-3 Botong-Ri, Whasung-City, 445-963 Korea. 031-225-3080

404. (Paper) [email protected] EIA: Web-Based Tools for a Participatory Approach For the assessment of regional to local air quality a system of coupled, cascading and nested models is being developed in the EUREKA project E!3266 Fedra, Kurt; ESS GmbH, Kalkgewerk 1, WEBAIR with emphasis on largely automatic real- Gumpoldskirchen, 2352 Austria. +43225263305 time operation and a web based implementation. [email protected] | www.ess.co.at The models are linked to several data bases

including real-time monitoring data, emission EIA and SIA are designed to predict and evaluate inventories, and embedded GIS. the likely environmental and socio-economic consequences of major projects or policies using a The assessment strategies include pro-active approach and precautionary principles. • While reliable data and models to predict impacts Continuous nowcasting in combination with are obvious requirements, formal methods to real-time monitoring for regulatory integrate the necessarily subjective elements of compliance and project monitoring • perceptions, believes, and preferences into a public Regular short-term forecasting for one or and participatory impact assessment process are more days including Internet based public equally necessary. Formal tools to elicit and analyse environmental information • preference structures for the assessment in terms of Classical scenario analysis for WHAT-IF criteria, objectives and constraints must ultimately questions, including the impact translate qualitative concepts of policy and social assessment for new or modified emission sciences into quantitative engineering concepts and sources on a long-term (seasonal, annual numbers. but at hourly resolution) basis • Optimization models to minimize impacts Based on the experience from several international within a multi-criteria framework RTD projects funded by the EU Commission,

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The simulation tools include dynamic emission acknowledgement and support for HIA by high level modelling, MM5 for meteorological forecasts based decision-makers. on global (GFS) weather forecasting model results, the 3D dynamic code CAMx including PM 10/2.5, and full photochemistry, AERMOD and its pre- 767. (Paper) processors for conservatives and particulates (local Case Study - Capacity Builiding on Biodiversity domains), and PBM for dynamic photochemistry and SEA in South America (city domains). Garcia de Brigard, Juan Carlos; International A high-resolution convolution model based on Association for Impact Assessment, Calle 140 No. AERMOD as a computational kernel with a near- 7C - 13, Bogota, Colombia. +5712747045 field mixing zone approach is used for the traffic line [email protected] sources to represent steep local concentration gradients at very high resolution of a few meters but Quintero, Juan David; World Bank, 1818 H Street, affordable computational demands even with NW, Washington, DC United States. +1-202-473- networks of thousands of road segments. 1000 Ext.35294 [email protected]

The paper reports on results from a national scale The International Association for Impact implementation for the Republic of Cyprus, and Assessment and the World Bank have carried out a discusses implementation plans for South Korea series of training and capacity building efforts on starting with GyeongGi Province and the Seoul Biodiversity and Strategic Environmental Metropolitan Area. Assessment. Six different training workshops were held covering three basic regions: Central America and the Caribbean, the Southern Cone and the 647. (Paper) Andean region of South America. A new training Health Impact Assessment Capacity Building in methodology was developed, tried out and improved the Mekong Region 2003-2007: Progress and throughout these reunions, which involved a Future Perspectives practical and community involving approach. Different real and hypothetical case studies were Furu, Peter; DBL - Centre for Health Research and carried out on SEA for issues and regions which are Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of important for biodiversity conservation within the Copenhagen, Jaegersborg Allé 1 D, Charlottenlund, region. The results from these workshops are 2920 Denmark. +45 77 32 77 82 Fax 45 77 32 77 33 presented along with the training methodologies, [email protected] and the different improvements that were made throughout the different workshops. In support of national poverty reduction strategies, several countries of the Mekong Basin are presently emphasizing steady, fast growth of local economies 320. (Poster) with resulting heavy investments in new industries Promotion of EA Education for Third Country and infrastructure development. Most countries Audience have established legislation and administrative mechanisms to address the environmental Gazzola, Paola; The University of Liverpool, implications of the many new development Department of Civic Design, 74 Bedford Street programmes and projects. However, the health South, Liverpool, England L69 7ZQ United Kingdom. concerns related to environmental change are often + 44 151 7943113 Fax +44 151 7943109 neglected in the compulsory environmental impact [email protected] | www.liv.ac.uk/civdes assessments (EIA) of such developments. Belcakova, Ingrid; Slovak University of Technology, Responding to expressed needs by Mekong Nam. Slobody 19, Bratislava, 812 45 Saint Lucia. + governments for more focus on the health 421 2 57276 283 Fax + 421 2 52921551 dimension of impact assessments a series of Health [email protected] | www.fa.stuba.sk Impact Assessment (HIA) capacity building activities have been conducted in the region since 2003 with Jha Thakur, Urmila; The University of Liverpool, support from the World Health Organization, DBL- Department of Civic Design, 74 Bedford Street Institute for Health Research and Development, South, Liverpool, England L69 7ZQ United Kingdom. Denmark and InWEnt (Capacity Building +44 151 7943103 Fax +44 151 7943109 International, Germany). [email protected] | www.liv.ac.uk/civdes

This paper will report on achievements in individual Aschemann, Ralf; Austrian Institute for the countries in terms of translation of new knowledge Development of Environmental Assessment and learning on HIA into establishing necessary (ANIDEA), Elisabethstr. 3/3, Graz, A-8010 Austria. policy frameworks and institutional support systems +43 316 318198 [email protected]; [email protected] | for planning and implementation of HIA. Future www.anidea.at challenges relate to sustaining the knowledge on HIA in an intersectoral context, to the potential Fischer, Thomas B; The University of Liverpool, integration of HIA and EIA and and getting overall Department of Civic Design, 74 Bedford Street

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South, Liverpool, England L69 7ZQ United Kingdom. are called optimizing development zone, key +44 151 7943112 Fax +44 151 7943109 development zone and restrictive development zone. [email protected] | www.liv.ac.uk/civdes Further more, they can be divided into five typical areas. Different countermeasures as well as the Under its "Erasmus Mundus" programme, the kernels in SEA and EIA are brought out to solve European Commission is funding a project on the different environmental problems in each area. "Promotion of European educatioN on environmental assessment for Third country 430. (Paper) Audience" (PENTA). A consortium of three Transport Canada National Environmental institutions, led by University of Technology Assessment Tracking System: An Integrated Bratislava and joined by the University of Liverpool Information Management System and the Austrian Institute for the Development of Environmental Assessment, aims at enhancing Gherbavaz, Hugo; Transport Canada, 330 Sparks attractiveness of environmental assessment (EA) St., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N5 Canada. 613-993- courses in Europe and attracting third country 6391 Fax 613-957-4260 [email protected] students to deal with EA issues. PENTA's target groups are higher education institutions from non- In 2004 the federal government transferred the EU countries and their academics, students and Navigable Waters Protection Act from Fisheries and management staff as well as international academic Ocean Canada to Transport Canada (TC). These and students` organisations. The intended main new departmental responsibilities resulted in a outputs of PENTA are: 1) Development of an EA significant increase in workload for TC curriculum, serving as teaching format for Environmental Assessment (EA) branch. To ensure universities 2) Elaboration of a handbook on EA for adequate information management, the department university lecturers 3) Preparation of a textbook on initiated the development of The National strategic environmental assessment (SEA) for Environmental Assessment Tracking System academics and students 4) Elaboration of a library (NEATS). brochure in order to promote European EA education 5) Launching a web site on EA for The NEATS was planned in multiple development disseminating the PENTA products, database phases that will be implemented over several years. creation regarding EA education 6) Organisation of This project was initiated by completing a Feasibility two EA seminars for higher education institutions Study to evaluate the different options available and from third countries. PENTA started in October by developing an Interim Tracking System to meet 2005; its duration is two years. immediate information management needs.

Currently the Phase I NEATS meets the basic 468. (Paper) departmental needs for EA information management The Main Environmental Problems in China’s and it is expected that the subsequent development Coal Mine Industry and the Countermeasures phases will further increase the capacity of the system by integrating with other departmental Geng, Haiqing; Appraisal Center for Environment & tracking system (Navigable Waters Protection Engineering, State Environmental Protection Program Database) as well as inputting directly into Administration, No.8 Dayangfang, Anwai, Beijing the Canadian Environmental Assessment Registry. 100012 P.R. China. 86-10-51095490 Fax 86-10- The NEATS will be integrated along with other 51095491 [email protected] environmental tracking system into an overarching Geographical Information System, currently under Based on the analysis of data in coal mine development. exploitation fields from 2001-2006, it is pointed out that there are four main problems in coal mine Once fully operational, the NEATS will become a exploitation: 1) the yield of coal is out of control, 2) core tool for EA practitioners and should improve the distribution lacks regular arrangement, 3) the efficiency of EA operations and information SEA lags behind the practical needs, 4) the management in the department. environmental arrangement hasn’t covered the whole coal district. In regard to these problems, six countermeasures are brought forward: 1) controlling 225. (Paper) the total coal yield according to precise prediction, An Emphasis on the Need for Systematic Review 2) optimizing the exploiting order of coal districts, 3) of the Environmental Impact Assessment accelerating the execution of SEA, 4) making Process in Iran migration in coal district more canonical, 5) integrating the small coal mines, 6) installing Ghodoosi, Feraidoon; Department of the ecological compensatory mechanism. In order to Environment, P.O- box: 5497-15875, Tehran, make environmental governance easier, Based on Tehran Iran. 00989121466901 the analysis of regional ecological situation, [email protected] geographical characteristics, current exploiting status and future development potential, the Sotoudeh, Ahad; University of Tehran, Faculty of concentrating area of coal mine in China can be Environment, P.O- box: 5497-15875, Tehran, compartmentalized into three functional zones which

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Tehran Iran. 00989122146771 Although inventory information on soil and [email protected] vegetation is available in some countries, there is little or no inventory information on carbon stocks in Chalabianlou, Reza; University of Tehran, Faculty of soils and how these stocks are affected by the Environment, P.O- box: 5497-15875, Tehran, various land use changes. This paper discusses the Tehran Iran. 00989123496109 need of soil carbon inventory information and how [email protected] this information can provide sustainable food production and at the same time conserve and Following on from the approval of the first legal enhance environmental quality. decree on EIA of development projects in Iran in

1994, the EIA Guideline, introducing the system of 728. (Paper) preparation and review of EISs was adopted and Where Economic Regeneration and Human approved by the Environmental Protection Supreme Health Collide: A Land Reclamation Scheme Council in 1997. Since then, around 500 EISs have Incorporating Extraction of Coal by Open Cast been prepared and submitted to the EIA Bureau for Methods in South Wales, UK review.

Golby, Alison; Cardiff Institute of Society Health and We have been facing several hindering problems in Ethics, Cardiff University School of Social Sciences, its effectiveness and enforcement. Among others, CARDIFF, CF10 3AT United Kingdom. 029 20 the major issues in this area are lack of explicit legal 879161 [email protected] mechanisms for implementation of the guideline, slack review procedure and lack of effective auditing Elliott, Eva; Cardiff Institute of Society Health and procedure to control performance of the proposed Ethics, Cardiff University School of Social Sciences, EMSs. Indeed, currently and after about one decade, CARDIFF, CF10 3AT United Kingdom. 029 there still is a big question mark on the suitability 20879609 [email protected] and effectiveness of the EIA system that should be answered. This analysis is based on the Williams, Gareth; Cardiff Institute of Society Health experiences and expertise of the authors and review and Ethics, Cardiff University School of Social of a number of EISs selected from the archive of the Sciences, CARDIFF, CF10 3AT United Kingdom. EIA Bureau. Suitability and effectiveness of the EIA 02920 879609 [email protected] process was analyzed in terms of its inherent structural and functional deficiencies as well as Public health is a feature in many of the strategic other external influencing constraints. Finally, some plans for Wales since powers were devolved from comments and recommendations were proposed for the UK government in 1999 and is an important improvement of the system. priority of Wales: A Better Country which emphasises the need to improve social, economic and environmental problems in order to achieve a 316. (Paper) sustainable future for its people. Indeed, a focus on Soil Carbon Inventory Information and its changing the social determinants of health and on Impacts on the Global Environment reducing health inequalities is evident in Welsh policy and health impact assessment is part of the Goh, Kuan; Lincoln Unversity, Lincoln, Canterbury Assembly’s wider strategy to improve health and New Zealand. 64 3 325 2811 [email protected] reduce health inequalities that continue to persist in Wales. Murata, Tomoyoshi; National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI By using a case study of a health impact 305-8506 Lao People's Democratic Republic. assessment of a proposed land reclamation scheme 81298502413 [email protected] which involves the extraction of coal using opencast methods, the paper will show how national It has been estimated that the global production of economic benefits and local regeneration can food will have to double by the year 2020 in order to conflict with the wider health effects upon local be able to feed a world population. This leads to the communities. The proposal is part of a regeneration large scale clearing of forests for agricultural programme in an area of high socio-economic production together with and the intensification of deprivation. However, due to its close proximity to land use resulting in land degradation and local housing and its duration of 22 years, local environmental pollution. In order to establish a residents are concerned about the effects upon sustainable global land use plan which not only communities which already have the highest rate of provides food security but also environmental quality, ill-health in Wales. it is vital that an inventory of land and soil resources be available to the land users. This inventory should incorporate the current status of soil carbon stocks 726. (Paper) under different land uses and natural ecosystems Community Participation in Health Impact which impact on the emissions of greenhouse gases Assessment: A Case Study of a Proposed to the atmosphere causing climate change. Extension to an Open Cast Coal Mine, Wales UK

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Golby, Alison; Cardiff Institute of Society Health and For example, the various TIA methodologies Ethics, Cardiff University School of Social Sciences, generally underestimated impacts, sometimes CARDIFF, CF10 3AT United Kingdom. 029 20 significantly. Environmental mitigation measures 879161 [email protected] often proved more effective than social mitigation measures. Political support for the TIA process can Health impact assessment (HIA) has been on the be critical, but political pronouncements about the political agenda in Wales since powers were outcome can be polarizing and counter-productive. devolved from the UK government in 1999. In Wales Public participation can enhance the accuracy of there is greater emphasis on public health than in TIA predictions, and can even trigger the England or Scotland, with HIA part of the Welsh consideration of transboundary impacts in the Assembly’s wider strategy to improve health and absence of legal requirements to do so. The case reduce inequalities. The participation of people and studies also highlighted the need for long-term communities in HIA is one of its underlying monitoring. These and other issues illustrate the principles set out in guidelines produced by the importance of a more complete understanding about Welsh Health Impact Assessment Support Unit in the TIA process and factors affecting its accuracy. 2004. The Unit therefore encourages organisations to include key stakeholders, including local communities, in the HIA process wherever possible. 431. (Paper) Role of EIA on Decision-Making Process for The paper will discuss an evaluation of a HIA case Hazardous Waste Management Facilities in study conducted by WHIASU on behalf of local Mexico residents who were active participants in assessing the potential impacts upon the communities living in Gomez Osorio, Maria Teresa; School of closest proximity to a proposed extension to an Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, opencast coal mine. The HIA presented many University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ challenges due to its political and controversial United Kingdom. (+44)(0)1603 591298 nature but was able to examine the wider effects on [email protected] health. The evaluation highlights the benefits of engaging with local communities, the extent to Cobb, Dick; InteREAM, School of Environmental which the HIA influenced the decision to refuse Sciences, University of East Anglia, University of planning permission and how the HIA attempted to East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ United work within the existing regulatory framework. Kingdom. (+44)(0)1603 592556 Fax (+44)(0)1603 591327 [email protected] | http://www.uea.ac.uk/env/ 450. (Paper) Improving Impact Assessment Methodologies in Bond, Alan; InteREAM, School of Environmental Transboundary Watercourses: Lessons from Sciences, University of East Anglia, University of Africa and Asia East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ United Kingdom. (+44)(0)1603 593402 Fax (+44)(0)1603 Goldman, Lisa; Environmental Law Institute, 2000 L 591327 [email protected] Street NW, Suite 620, Washington, DC 20036 United States. 1-202-939-3863 Fax 1-202-939-3868 In Mexico, EIA is a component of the decision- [email protected] | www.eli.org making process for Hazardous Waste Management Facilities (HWMF). From a rational perspective, the Bruch, Carl; Environmental Law Institute, 2000 L role of EIA during the decision-making process is to Street NW, Suite 620, Washington, DC 20036 provide complete and scientific information, be United States. 1-202-939-3879 Fax 1-202-939-3868 integrated during the approval process and project [email protected] | www.eli.org cycle, and comply with institutional arrangements. However, it has been suggested that the role of EIA The Environmental Law Institute, University of in decision making is not restricted to this Tokyo, and UNEP recently completed a three-year perspective only, and others have been advanced effort to develop and test a methodology for by the literature (e.g., pluralist politics). The pluralist assessing the accuracy of transboundary impact politics perspective implies that EIA is inclusive, assessments for projects affecting international deliberative, participatory, empowers stakeholders, watercourses. The project comprised five case and makes decisions transparent. Thus, this studies in Africa and Asia that compared predicted research investigates the role of EIA on decision- social and environmental impacts with actual making process for HWMF in Mexico from the impacts. The case studies yielded several rational and pluralist politics perspectives. The observations regarding how to improve the analytic research used a case study approach analysing and procedural methodologies for conducting TIA, HWMF applications between 2000 and 2006. The and illustrated how factors such as the legal and data collection methods were documentary review institutional framework, political context, public (Environmental Impact Statements, Final involvement, and project design can affect the Statements, etc.), and semi-structured interviews accuracy of the TIA process. with key stakeholders during the decision-making processes (developers, consultants, planning authorities, NGO’s, and members of the community).

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The paper presents relevant research results and going improvements in wind generation efficiencies. discusses whether the role of the Mexican EIA At the same time, potential health, safety and socio- system for HWMF coincides with the rational and economic impacts are being recognized globally, pluralist politics perspectives. especially where wind generation facilities are constructed in close to residential dwellings.

136. (Paper) Proponents of wind energy facilities may offer Geographic Information Systems in Strategic attractive long term agreements to landowners in Environmental Assessment: Can Spatial Data the project area to allow turbine installation, site Improve the Process? access, or future development rights. The agreements can provide some financial security for rural land owners coping with diminishing Gonzalez, Ainhoa; Dublin Institute of Technology, agricultural returns. This poster will consider the Bolton Street, Dublin, D8 Ireland. +353876624879 issue of long term agreements and how they may [email protected] impact the short, medium and long-term health and

well being of the landowners, their families and their Gilmer, Alan; Dublin Institute of Technology, Bolton heirs. Street, Dublin, D8 Ireland. +35314023806 [email protected]

778. (Paper) Foley, Ronan; National University of Ireland, The Big Picture View: Using Conceptual Impact Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare Ireland. +3531708 Models to Identify, Communicate and Provide 6024 [email protected] Clarity on Important Issues

Sweeny, John; National University of Ireland, Greig, Lorne; ESSA Technologies Ltd., 77 Angelica Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare Ireland. Ave, Richmond Hill, ON L4S 2C9 Canada. 905-770- +35317083684 [email protected] 6334 Fax 905-770-0197 [email protected] |

www.essa.com Fry, John; UCD Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D4 Ireland.

+35317167730 [email protected] Pawley, Kim; ESSA Technologies Ltd., 206-411

Roosevelt Ave, Ottawa, ON K2A 3X9 Canada. 613- Land use plans and programmes subject to 79-0419 Fax 613-79-5331 [email protected] | Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) have a www.essa.com strong spatial dimension. In this context, the data display and analysis functions of Geographic In creating a higher-level awareness of the value of Information Systems (GIS) have the potential to EA, it is critical to provide decision makers and facilitate scoping, baseline generation, impact stakeholders with a "big picture" view of key issues analysis and evaluation, monitoring and public of importance in the EA, as well as a sense of how participation processes inherent to SEA. they relate to each other and what kinds of EA

can/should be used given the context. To do so A GIS-based methodology developed to suit the effectively, EA practitioners need clarity on the requirements of the various SEA stages, including a issues, and an understanding of how EA tools can fit web-based GIS system for public participation, has in and be effective in distilling and communicating been applied to development plans in Ireland. The complicated ecological issues. Drawing on empirical results reveal a number of limitations and experience gained over 25-years of assessing large- opportunities resulting from the use of spatial data. scale projects in the energy and other sectors, we This paper evaluates the reasons behind observed will focus on how conceptual impact models (e.g., barriers and discusses the unique contribution of impact hypothesis or pathways of effect diagrams) GIS to SEA by spatially representing and analysing can be used with decision makers and stakeholders relevant factors, and facilitating a transparent and to guide thinking around the identification of likely replicable process. impacts and the design of mitigation and monitoring

strategies; to focus research; and in adaptive

765. (Poster) management.

"Winds of Change" - A Look at Wind Farm Land Owner Agreements 412. (Paper) How to Promote Dietary Fiber: From a Simple Grabowecky, Rick; Health Canada, 510 Message to a Complex Policy Lagimodiere Blvd, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2J 3Y1 Canada. (204) 984-8318 Fax (204) 983-5692 Gry, Peter; University of Southern Denmark, Unit for [email protected] Health Promotion Research, Niels Bohrsvej 9, Esbjerg, DK-6700 Denmark. +45 65504290 Fax +45 In Canada, provincial governments are seeking a 65504283 [email protected] 10-fold increase in installed wind energy generation capacity over the next decade. The popularity of the Gulis, Gabriel; University of Southern Denmark, Unit technology is being fueled by the desire to reduce for Health Promotion Research, Niels Bohrsvej 9, greenhouse gas and other pollutant emissions, Esbjerg, DK-6700 Denmark. +45 65504212 Fax +45 interest in renewable sources of energy, and on- 65504283 [email protected]

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Martuzzi, Marco; WHO European Centre for This study analyzed and quantified the effects of Environment and Health, Via F. Crispi 10, Rome, extreme heat on summer mortality in Seoul, 00187 Italy. +39 064877520 Fax +39 064877599 particularly among the people over 65 years old. [email protected] The study period was from 1994 to 2003. After controlling the time-trends, relative humidity, and Soeberg, Matthew; WHO European Centre for other meteorological variables, we evaluated how Environment and Health, Via F. Crispi 10, Rome, the daily mean temperature affects the mortality. We 00187 Italy. +39 06487751 Fax +39 064877599 fitted nonparametric smoothing regression models [email protected] to check the linearity first and then fitted threshold models (combination of two linear models) to Otorepec, Peter; Institute of Public Health, estimate the thresholds and the effects. The Trubarjeva 2, Ljubljana, 1000 Slovenia. +38 threshold values in mean temperature lagged by 612441488 Fax +38 612441447 one day were estimated as 28.5°C in 65 years and [email protected] over population and as 28.9°C in the all-aged population. Estimated percent increases of daily Grochowska-Niedworok, Elżbieta; Medical mortality for every degree rise in mean temperature University of Silesia, Faculty of Public Health, above the threshold were 17% and 16% Piekarska 18, Bytom, PL-41902 Poland. +48 respectively. It was also estimated that 11% of the 32382326 [email protected] deaths among the elderly were related to the extreme temperature in 1994 in Seoul. Considering The Health Impact Assessment in New Member both rapidly aging population in Korea and greater States and Pre-Accession Countries (HIA-NMAC) chance of heat waves due to global warming, project aims to build capacities, assess health comprehensive measures should be adopted to impacts of different policies within case studies, prevent the effects of extreme heat on the people, discuss place of socio-economic determinants in particularly the elderly. HIA and implement HIA on local level.

525. (Paper) The case studies, targeting different policy areas Application of HyGIS-QUAL2E: A User-Friendly (wine, dietary fiber, tourism and vulnerable Coupled QUAL2E Model with Korean population), aim to provide practical experience on Hydrological GIS Package, HyGIS how to conduct HIA and to give guidance on identification of polices to be subjected of HIA. This Ha, Sung-Ryong; Chungbuk National University, 12 presentation describes the process of the case Gaeshin-dong, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763 Korea. study dietary fiber. At the first step we discussed +82-43-261-2497 Fax +82-43-261-2497 whether a focus on production or consumption [email protected] policies should be used. Second, we aimed to identify the single policy document which should be Park, In-Hyeok; Chungbuk National University, 12 the subject of HIA. However, in the special case of Gaeshin-dong, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763 Korea. dietary fiber a step "zero" should be included to +82-43-275-3478 Fax +82-43-275-3478 define which raw product(s) dietary fiber consists of. [email protected]

The HIA methodology has been used including It is necessary to offer plenty of spatial information interviews with experts from the field of agriculture needed for modeling and the constant values that and health promotion. A model has been developed correspond to all sorts of model variables for getting to address levels between agriculture policy and effective results. To satisfy necessaries of modeling health outcome, target population and production like above, a coupling method has emerged to link chain. This model contributes to identification of the those two technologies, environmental model and most important polices influencing dietary fiber GIS. Recently the HyGIS-QUAL2E system was production and consumption. developed in Korea, which is coupled Qual2E model with Korean Hydrological GIS. 609. (Poster) Heat-Related Mortality Among the Elderly in The objective of this study is to predict a water Seoul from 1994 to 2003 quality of streams according to distribution of pollution load in a watershed using the HyGIS- Ha, Jongsik; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2, QUAl2E system and to evaluate the HyGIS- Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeoing-Gu, Seoul, Korea. 82- QUAL2E system in terms of operating model. 02-380-7754 [email protected] As major results, 1) Various water qualities of stream are predicted according to distribution and Kim, Ho; Seoul National University, 28, Yunkeon- density of pollution load; also spatial resolutions Dong, Chongro-Gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-02-740-8874 have an effect on water quality, 2) HyGIS-QUAL2E [email protected] is a water quality analysis system based on DBMS, using all sorts of the constant values which are Park, Jeongim; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2, necessary for model operating as well as hydro- Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeoing-Gu, Seoul, Korea. 82- geometric information being accomplished more 02-380-7654 [email protected] smoothly, 3) Using HyGIS-QUAL2E SYSTEM could

46 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - draw a conclusion of the modeling easily and resolution data from IKONOS satellite are used to support strategies of water quality management. characterize the land cover for the study area. Major aspects considered for the evaluation of the feasibility of IKONOS imagery include mapping of 517. (Paper) tree cover, impervious surface areas, and riparian Soil Contamination in Korean Agricultural buffer zone variables. Farmlands Being at a Reachable Distance from Heavy Metal Sources The purpose of this paper is to analyze land-use condition of existing riparian buffers using spatial Ha, Sung Ryong; Chungbuk National University, 12 analysis technique of Remote sensing, and to Gaeshin dong, Cheong ju, Korea. +82-43-375-3478 discuss about where they are distributed effectively Fax +82-43-375-3478 [email protected] to mitigate the pollution in the riparian buffers.

Hwang, Jae Seok; Chungbuk National University, 12 Through comparing the delineation of land-covers Gaeshin dong, Cheong ju, Korea. +82-43-375-3478 with the existing riparian buffers established by the Fax +82-43-375-3478 [email protected] government, we can find the critical distortion points of the existing riparian buffer zone. Moreover, in a This study aims to identify the status of soil case of the tributary of the water resources more contamination in agricultural farmlands located at a buffers can be needed for reducing the diffused reachable distance from a source of heavy metals. pollution.

As major sources of heavy metals, metal mine, industrial complex, landfill site, and scrap iron areas 522. (Paper) are selected and total 154 soil samples are taken Identifying of a Pollution Delivery Coefficient for from those sources. Soil samples are analysed in a Stream Water Quality AnalysIs Model terms of 8 analytical categories such as Cd, Cu, As, Introducing a Watershed Form Ratio Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cr+6. Ha, Sung-Ryong; Department of Urban Engineering, The heavy metal concentrations of the 151 soil Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-dong, samples are lower than the reference value of a soil cheong-ju, Korea. +82-43-275-3478 Fax +82-43- standard concentration mandated by Korean 275-3478 [email protected] government among the total 154 samples. Park, Jung-Ha; Department of Urban Engineering, The heavy metal concentrations exceeded the Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-dong, reference value in terms of Cd, Pb, and Cu are cheong-ju, Korea. +82-43-275-3478 Fax +82-43- 1.802 mg/kg, 109.864 mg/kg and 107.082 mg/kg, 275-3478 [email protected] respectively. And all these samples are collected from the metal mine sites such as Geopung, The performance of a stream water quality analysis Samdong, and Pungsan. model depends upon many factors attributed to the geological characteristics of a watershed as well as the distribution behaviors of pollutant itself on a 516. (Paper) surface of watershed. Land Cover Identification of the Riparian Buffers Assigned to Paldang Water Resource Area Because the model run has to import the pollution Using IKONOS Satellite Image load from the watershed as a boundary condition along an interface between a stream water body Ha, Sung Ryong; Chungbuk National University, 12 and a watershed, it has been used to introduce a Gaeshin dong, Cheong ju, Korea. +82-43-275-3478 pollution delivery coefficient to behalf of the Fax +82-43-275-3478 [email protected] boundary condition of load importation.

Lee, Seung Chul; Chungbuk National University, 12 Although a nonlinear regression model (NRM) was Gaeshin dong, Cheong ju, Korea. +82-43-275-3478 developed to cope with the limitation of a Fax +82-43-275-3478 [email protected] conventional empirical way, it can't be applied to where the pollution load washed off (assumed at a Ko, Chang Hwan; Chungbuk National University, 12 source) is less than that delivered (observed) in a Gaeshin dong, Cheong ju, Korea. +82-43-275-3478 stream. Fax +82-43-275-3478 [email protected] The objective of this study is to identify what the Diffused pollution has been considering as a major reason causes the limitation of NRM and suggest source of the quality deterioration of water how we can purify the process to evaluate a resources. The riparian vegetation strips or buffers pollution delivery coefficient using many field along those areas of water bodies is used to reduce observed cases. As a major result, it was found the threat of diffused pollution. Remote sensing what causes the pollution load delivered becomes offers a means by which critical areas could be bigger than that assumed at the source. In addition, identified, so that subsequent action toward the the pollution load discharged to the a stream water establishment of riparian zones can be taken. high-

47 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - body from a watershed was calculated more overcome the challenges, and their suitability to accurately. similar circumstances.

116. (Paper) 539. (Paper) Economic Development versus Social and Water Quality Simulation for Optimum Hydraulic Environmental Sustainability: A Cursory Look at Situation in Daecheong Reservoir Obajana Cement Project in Nigeria

Ha, SungRyong; Department of Urban Engineering, Hamadina, Mohammed; Biogeochem Associates Chungbuk National University, San 48 Gaeshindong, Ltd., 1 Omoku Street (by Ndashi Str), Port Harcourt, Heungdukgu, Cheongju, chungbuk, 361-763, Korea, Rivers Nigeria. +234 8033403544 Cheongju, chungbuk, Korea. 043-275-3478 [email protected] | [email protected] www.biogeochem.com

Lee, JaeYil; Department of Urban Engineering, Nigeria imports 80% of its cement, despite local Chungbuk National University, San 48 Gaeshindong, availability of raw materials to produce cement; Heungdukgu, Cheongju, chungbuk, 361-763, Korea, hence an indigenous firm proposes to implement a Cheongju, chungbuk, Korea. 043-275-3478 greenfield cement project (the largest in Africa) to [email protected] boost local production. With a production capacity of

4.4 million metric tonnes of cement per annum, the This study aims to analyze the water quality effect Obajana Cement project includes a production plant, on the geometric information and the gate flow a captive gas power plant (with accessory 92km gas control in Daecheong Dam Reservoir. This study pipeline), limestone quarry (with associated crusher consists of the third step. First, the segments have and 7.5km aerial conveyor belt), 13m high earth process of optimized size using the optimal section dam, 328-unit housing complex, and a 2,000- auto-creation program. The optimal section auto- capacity trucking park. When fully operational the creation program used to easily acquire geometric project is expected to curtail import by 60%, sparing information for CE-QUAL-W2. It has definitely the >US$500 of Nigeria’s foreign reserve annually. The critical number and size of segments. Second, it has project is sited in a rural guinea savannah, been control the gate flow and spillway flow in order populated largely by illiterate and poor people, who to research the simulation of the water quality. Third, depend on their physical environment for their it has been simulated the water quality under the livelihoods. The project-affected communities are optimized hydraulic situation. As a major result, it devoid of basic amenities such as electricity, potable was found what optimized size the segments water supply, hospital, telephone connection, etc. In consists of bathymetry file for CE-QUAL-W2. In order to balance economic development with social addition, hydraulic condition simulated to water and environmental sustainability, four impact quality was calculated more accurately. assessment studies were carried out. This paper

discusses the social and environmental challenges

117. (Paper) facing the project, highlight measures for Challenges of Public Disclosure of Social and mitigating/ameliorating them, and lessons learnt Environmental Issues at the Local Level in during the EIA process. Nigeria

500. (Paper) Hamadina, Mohammed; Biogeochem Associates Environmental Risk Assessment of High-Sulfur Ltd., 1 Omoku Street (by Ndashi Str), Port Harcourt, Gas Field Development in Complex Terrain Rivers Nigeria. +234 8033403544 [email protected] | Hao, Fanghua; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 www.biogeochem.com Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58807937 [email protected] A key component in social and environmental impact assessment process is disclosure of Wang, Xiao; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 information on potential impacts to all stakeholders. Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58807937 Being stakeholders, all project-affected folks must [email protected] be aware of the potential impacts of a project that is likely to affect their well-being. Public disclosure of Cheng, Honhguang; Beijing Normal University, information in Nigeria, a nation characterized by NO.19 Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010- complex plurality in religion, ethnicity and socio- 58801858 Fax [email protected] economic circumstances, is marred by several challenges. These challenges are centered on Environmental risk of high-sulfur gas field becomes ignorance, illiteracy, poverty, insecurity, cynicism, the focus of environmental management studies. insincerity, etc., which often crystallized into social Severe gas H2S blowout accidents in recent years conflicts/violence. This paper uses case studies have shown that poor understanding and estimates from the Niger delta and northern regions of Nigeria, of the poisonous gas movement could lead to to discuss challenges facing the disclosure of social dangerous evacuation delays. Traditional expired and environmental issues at the local level. The models are not valid where the terrain is not smooth paper also highlights the approaches employed to

48 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - and especially in low-lying areas where the gas 558. (Paper) accumulates. As a case study of “Pu Guang gas Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis of field” in Sichuan Province, terrain following Environmental Impact of Hydropower coordinate three-dimensional objective wind field Development Projects: A Case Study in the diagnosis mode, Lagrangian Puff Model, breaking Upper Reaches of the Xiu River, China up technique of puffs are used to simulate transportation and diffusion of H2S. The result Hao, Fanghua; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 shows that the main damage of H2S does not occur Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58807937 Fax on the leeward region. The concentration bands of 010-58801858 [email protected] H2S bend with the landform, and distribute discontinuously as a result of puffs flowing around Zhang, Jiaxun; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 and getting across the mountain. Comparing the Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58806552 evaluating results of the blowout gas well on [email protected] different evaluation reveals that the higher is the elevation, the transportation and diffusion condition Cheng, Honhguang; Beijing Normal University, of air contaminations would be better. In the end it NO.19 Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010- suggests that the gas well should be allocated at 58801858 [email protected] high elevation which has less environmental risk than low elevation. The impact of a hydropower project can be both positive and negative, and the theories and methods of environmental impact assessment are still 454. (Poster) worldwide problems at present. Except for the main Study on the Eco-Compensation of Oil Resource objective of hydropower project, which was Exploitation electricity generation in this study, it also had

environmental benefits in flood control, agricultural Hao, Fanghua; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 irrigation, water supply and aquatic production. Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58807937 Fax However, the construction of the hydropower project 010-58801858 [email protected] also had negative impact, caused emigrant problem,

blocked shipping, destroyed the living environment Zhang, Minxia; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 of terraneous and aquicolous animals and broke up Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 010-58807937 the regional landscape. This paper applied [email protected] economic theory on hydropower project, took both

the positive and negative factors into consideration, Gong, Li; Beijing Normal University, NO.19 and analyzed the economic cost and benefit of Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 01058806552 environmental impact of hydropower to evaluate [email protected] long term impact and the profit of hydropower

project. Wang, Dan; Beijing Normal University, NO.19

Xinjiekou Street, Beijing, China. 01058806554 [email protected] 772. (Paper) Utilized Methods of Comparing Alternatives in Petroleum is second to coal among the energy Environmental Impact Assessment in Japan sources in China. Nowadays, over-exploration of petroleum resources has resulted in an excess of Harashina, Sachihiko; Tokyo Institute of Technology, environment load and continual deterioration of G5-9, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa ecological environment. Therefore, it is imminent to Prefecture 226-8502 Japan. +81 45 924 5550 Fax establish perfect and effective ecological +81 45 924 5551 [email protected] | compensation mechanisms for energy and resource http://www.depe.titech.ac exploration such as petroleum. In this paper, taking the 7th area of Tahe Oil Field for example, we Miyashita, Yuki; Gunma Prefectural Government, analyze environmental pollution and ecological G5-9, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa impacts, then base those findings according to Prefecture 226-8502 Japan. +81 45 924 5550 Fax actual eco-compensation mechanism in some +81 45 924 5551 [email protected] | countries and discuss the establishment of eco- http://www.depe.titech.ac compensation mechanisms in this oil field and ascertain the principle, the standard, capital source Hara, Nobuhiro; Tokyo Institute of Technology, G5-9, and the content of eco-compensation. By 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa accounting for the cost of environmental pollution Prefecture 226-8502 Japan. +81 45 924 5550 Fax and ecological deterioration, we worked out that the +81 45 924 5551 [email protected] | loss is 341.22×104 yuan and the ecological http://www.depe.titech.ac compensation standard is 0.85 percent of the sales value of petroleum in 2005. Though alternative analysis should be the key of

EIA, it has been not well conducted in Japan. By the establishment of the national level EIA Act of 1997 applied to major construction projects, the concept of alternatives analysis was introduced. It has been implemented gradually since the full implementation

49 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - of the Act in 1999. It has been influencing the strategic approaches to CEA (Harriman and Noble implementation of local level EIA. The paper 2006), this paper evaluates whether existing conducted a survey to clarify the state of the art of strategic frameworks are adequately developed to the methods utilized for comparing alternatives. address cumulative effects, and suggests further Although the propotoion of the cases which options to define and assess cumulative effects in a conducted alternatives comparison is still low, i.e., strategic context. The discussion is based on a around 10%, the authors could observe the current review of recent literature and the results of situation of the usage of the method. The paper interviews with internationally renowned academics illustrate the results and gives some future and a range of SEA practitioners with experience in perspectives of the topic in Japan. regional oil and gas development in northern Alberta, Canada. The result is a conceptual framework that

578. (Paper) explicitly accounts for the consideration of Recent Movement of Strategic Environmental cumulative effects at a strategic level of assessment. Assessment in Japan

Harashina, Sachihiko; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 356. (Paper) Developing Sound Environmental City Center by G5-9, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa Strategic Environmental Decision Making Prefecture 226-8502 Japan. +81 45 924 5550 Fax Approach in a Tokyo Business Center +81 45 924 5551 [email protected] | http://www.depe.titech.ac Hayashi, Kii; Nagoya University Eco-Topia Science SEA systems in Japan have been developed in Institute, Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464- some advanced local governments such as Saitama 8603 Lao People's Democratic Republic. +81-52- Prefecture, Tokyo Metropolis, and Kawasaki City. 789-5383 [email protected] We have not got national level SEA system at this moment yet, except in the field of international Inoue, Shigeru; Mitsubishi Estate Co., LTD, 6-1, activities, which is that of the Japan International Otemachi 1-Chome, Tokyo, 100-8133 Lao People's Cooperation Agency. The Japanese government Democratic Republic. +81-3-3287-6085 started to make a study for introducing SEA on the [email protected] national level in 1998. Though it has passed nearly ten years, the government still does not have a Introducing sound environmental technology in a system on the national level yet. But the situation building is one method to develop a sound has been changing from last year. The Ministry of environmental city. Environmental measures the Environment has been negotiating with leading applicable to a business building area are limited to authorities of big projects through utilizing the mutual utilization of energy between neighbor discussions at the study committee. It has become buildings etc., as well as the application of SEA to to be expected to introduce an SEA system at plan an urban development plan. Usually there is almost or program levels. The committee is planning to no area-wide decision making system because issue the final report at the end of March 2007, then hundreds of private stakeholders related to the area the Ministry should make an administrative SEA do not have common target for a future business guideline after April. The author will illustrate the plan as well as an environmental management plan. current situation of preparation of the guideline, the It is difficult to implement SEA in a business area structure of it and the future perspectives. level.

Marunouchi area, which occupies 120 ha in central 586. (Paper) Tokyo, is the economic center of Japan and well- Cumulative Effects Considerations in Strategic known private companies place their head offices in Environmental Assessment this area. A stakeholder committee composed of concerned private companies has decided to start to Harriman, Jill; University of Saskatchewan, 408 25th develop strategic environmental management Street West, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7L0C8 scheme in the area by employing development of an Canada. 306-966-1945 Fax 306-966-5680 environmental future vision and environmental [email protected] friendly measure’s road-map as well as developing partly real-time environmental monitoring system for Noble, Bram; Department of Geography, University energy, temperature, wind, waste generation, etc. It of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5 Canada. is a new approach to develop environmentally +1 306 966 1899 Fax +1 306 966 5680 friendly decision making in the Tokyo city center. [email protected] Recent activities will be presented in this presentation.

Regional economic growth must take into account conservation and sustainability considerations. Within this development context, there is a need to investigate conceptual and practical means to build cumulative effects considerations into strategic level assessment. Building on recent research that characterizes a spectrum of strategic and non-

50 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume -

773. (Paper) Even if EIA obviously contributes direct democracy Occupational Health and Safety Management in certain planning processes, it is in the first place Systems - Organisational Approach Towards an institutional, formal and top-down instrument. As Implementation a forum of public participation and interaction, EIA is a creation of public administration framed and Herreborg Jørgensen, Tine; Aalborg University, defined by legislation. The implementation of Fibigerstræde 13, Aalborg Øst, 9220 Denmark. participation is more or less top-down formulated. 96358080 [email protected] EIA creates asymmetric power constructions. For example, the role of the developer is dominant with Mosgaard, Mette; Aalborg University, Fibigerstræde relation to citizens concerning the agenda framing, 13, Aalborg Øst, 9220 Denmark. 96358080 etc. [email protected] EIA is always connected to power and has its The paper discusses organisational approaches political dimension. In addition, values and interests towards implementation of OHSAS 18001, but the steer all the actors in EIA. There is a tension findings are relevant for the implementation of ISO between the legislative objectives and goals of 14001 for environmental management systems. actors. This paper approaches these challenges for direct democracy. Can EIA offer an open, equal and The aim of this paper is to analyse two different interactive participation opportunity for all actors? Is teaching programmes and progress regarding it possible to guarantee the effectiveness of public implementation of OHSAS 18001 in SMEs. The participation even if the EIA processes are mainly analysis takes point of departure in three carried out by developers? approaches to organisational understanding: organisations as technical, socio cultural and network based systems. The organisational 763. (Paper) approaches of the two cases are analysed with the The Impact Assessment of High Wind in purpose of assessing the relationship between the Youngdong Region chosen organisational approach and the concrete results of the projects. Both cases include the Hong, Jun Suk; Department of Geography, Konkuk technical/rational element. The paper concludes that University, Hwyang-dong 1, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- the case with most focus on socio cultural elements 450-3432 [email protected] secures that learning processes take place in the participating companies in a better way and a better The aim of this study is to evaluate the insistence in these companies in the teaching characteristics and impacts of high wind for the programme. The network oriented element is period of 1988-2006 (except typhoon) in Youngdong important to secure further progress of preventive Region of South Korea. The high wind occurred H&S activities in the SMEs after the teaching period more frequently and the impacts have been is finished. In one case, the companies were increased recently. members of a Green Network of local companies and authorities who arrange meetings about Two case studies for October 21-24, 2005, and environment and H&S issues during the year. October 22-24, 2006, have been accomplished to Besides the companies can become certified assess the impacts of high wind. The economic cost according to a H&S manual made by Green of high wind disaster in October 2005 amounted to Network. These initiatives help securing continuous $7,700,000: that is equivalent to 31% of natural improvements of health and safety in the disaster damages of this region and 78% of the participating companies. national high wind property damages. The maximum instantaneous wind velocity was 63.7m/s, and it damaged fishing industry at a heavy cost along 278. (Paper) seashore cities on 2006. It reached $55,000,000. EIA and Direct Democracy – Challenges for Top- The collapse of breakwaters, roads and power lines Down Participation caused reduction in the tourism and crop yield. Some victims of calamity experienced PTSD (Post Hokkanen, Pekka; Central Finland Regional Traumatic Stress Disorder). Environment Centre, Saniaistie 14 as 3, Jyväskylä, 40530 Finland. +358204905886 New techniques, such as remote sensing, GIS DB [email protected] and computer models should be introduced to mitigate the impacts of climate disasters including Public participation is a fundamental part of EIA high wind and to develop the monitoring, early worldwide. Beside the environmental goals one warning, control and recovery system. central objective of EIA is to increase the participation of citizens and other stakeholders of civil society. From the viewpoint of direct democracy, EIA represents a modern and collaborative policy instrument.

51 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume -

292. (Paper) sustainability assessment reveal an insufficient Social Impact Assessment of Technology Use integration of the ecosystem services concept, of for Good Governance in Bangladesh: Prospect biodiversity and of climate issues. Property rights, of Learning from the Newly Industrialized Asian gender issues, water and energy are as a rule well Economies elaborated.

Hossain, Md. Khalid; Bangladesh Tariff Commission, PRSPs show significant variation in the integration Ministry of Commerce, Government of Bangladesh, of environmental sustainability issues. The detailed 1st 12 storied government office building (9th floor), results will be presented at the conference. Dhaka, 1216 Bangladesh. +88029335993 Fax +88028315685 [email protected] | It appears that sustainability assessments can www.bdtariffcom.org contribute to significant improvements between first and second generation PRSPs when the With a very low corruption perception index, assessments are supported by a strong institutional Bangladesh has been termed as one of the most framework and when a dedicated political corrupt nations of the world. In comparison to the commitment towards sustainability is present. This Newly Industrialized Economies (NIEs) in Asia, tool has certainly its role to play in fostering good Bangladesh lags behind in terms of both economic environmental governance in the developing and governance indicators. The direct link between countries. economic performance and good governance has prompted the NIEs to search for all means to improve governance scenario where the use of 145. (Paper) technology has got the highest attention. The Applying Participatory Health Impact comparable development status of Bangladesh and Assessment for Advocating Development of NIEs in the past warrants exploring the strategies Healthy Public Policy in Thai Local Government and achievements of NIEs with a view to improve Planning Processes governance scenario in Bangladesh to register higher economic growth. Despite the lack of Inmuong, Uraiwan; Faculty of Public Health, Khon adequate technological means in Bangladesh, there Kaen University, 123 Mittrapharb Road, Khon Kaen, is a prospect to learn from the NIEs which have Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand. +66 43 362076 Fax adopted simpler models of technology use for good +66 43 347058 [email protected] governance. With a demonstration of how technology has influenced the society in Bangladesh Charerntanyarak, Lertchai; Faculty of Public Health, hitherto, this learning process can explain to and Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittrapharb Road, Khon guide the policymakers in Bangladesh how the Kaen, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand. +66 43 202398 similar use for good governance will create an Fax +66 43 347058 [email protected] impact on their society like the NIEs. This paper attempts to critically demonstrate how this learning Furu, Peter; DBL Institute for Health Research and process could be facilitated to have an efficient Development, Jaegersborg Alle 1D, Charlottenlund, governance structure in Bangladesh. DK-2920 Denmark. +45 77 32 77 32 Fax +45 77 32 77 33 [email protected] | www.dblnet.dk

124. (Paper) Since 1999, Thailand has legitimately decentralized Sustainability Assessment of Poverty Reduction implementation of public policy planning Strategy Papers development to the local administrative levels.

Consequently, many new local governments, mostly Hugé, Jean; Free University of Brussels (Vrije sub-district administrative organizations (SAOs), Universiteit Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, have been established to manage development 1090 Belgium. +32 24774926 Fax +32 24774964 activities. [email protected] | www.vub.ac.be/MEKO

Research has been conducted at Bueng Nium SAO, Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) are Khon Kaen province, since June 2006 (i) by currently a central instrument in international applying a participatory HIA tool for assessing an development cooperation. A checklist of 85 existing 3-year SAO rolling development plan, and questions has been developed at the Human (ii) by creating participatory recommendations for Ecology Department of the Free University of building healthy public policy and planning Brussels to analyse the inclusion of key aspects of frameworks for future SAO development plans. sustainable development in PRSPs. The checklist allows to point to sustainability challenges and A process of firstly, HIA screening of the current opportunities and thus facilitates targeted advice development plan and activities, and establishing an and quality improvements. This policy-supporting HIA steering committee; secondly, scoping by the instrument can also be used in a full strategic steering committee setting the criteria for environmental assessment or elaborated assessment of the selected plan and activities; sustainability assessment of a PRSP. thirdly, applying such criteria by stakeholders

assessing the chosen plan, and generating The checklist was applied to a selection of 12 recommendations for future improvement of the PRSPs of developing countries. The results of the existing rolling plan. Next, the HIA report will be

52 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - appraised participatorily, and the final HIA document conflict case, while engaged all key stakeholders used as a guiding principles for the next planning participating throughout the EA process. This study process. suggests that the Par-EA can eventually effectively build an insightful information exchange on Preliminary results indicate that the introduction of livelihood and ecological conservation values the new participatory HIA makes the local between different stakeholder groups and finally stakeholders better understand sustainable reaching the best agreed option, other than the community well-being, and it helps identifying proposed one, with least ecological value impact. current SAO development planning that needs to be adjusted accordingly. 340. (Poster) Gostima SHPP 143. (Paper) Public Participation in EA on Community Water Islami, Besim; International Consultant, Qyteti Resource Development Project Studenteve, Tirana, Albania. 00355682075237 Fax Inmuong, Yanyong; Faculty of Environment and 003554274860 [email protected] Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Kamrieng, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham 44150 Laçi, Hysni; Chairman of National Energy Agency, Thailand. +66 42 754414 Fax +66 42 754414 Blv. Zhan D'Ark, Tirana, Albania. 00355692085825 [email protected] Fax 00355379839 icc.org@

Udomporn, Teerayut; Faculty of Environment and The main task of designing is the completion of Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, technical designing for construction of Gostima Kamrieng, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham small HPP. A second task after the completion of Mahasarakham Thailand. +66 42 754414 Fax +66 the first task is the assesment of its impact on the 42 754414 [email protected] environment and the ways to minimize this impact.

Thamsenanupap, Penkhae; Faculty of Environment Based on the the Law no. 8990, “On environmental and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, impact assessment” it may be concluded that the Kamrieng, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham project for construction of Gostima small HPP Mahasarakham Thailand. +66 42 754414 Fax +66 should be subject of simple (not in-depth) 42 754414 [email protected] environmental impact assessment due to minimal envrionment impacts since we are going to deal with Kuiper, Hans; Faculty of Environment and Resource very minimal emissions in atmosphere, soil and Studies, Mahasarakham University, Kamrieng, water, particularly during HPP operation phase. Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham 44150 Thailand. +66 42 754414 Fax +66 42 754414 [email protected] The conclusion is that, in case of construction of Gostima HPP, the greehouse gas emission will be This study was funded by the IUCN-Mekong reduced at the national level. This is a very Wetland Program 2006. The initiative using important conclusion because this HPP may be participatory environmental assessment (Par-EA) used for selling emissions of various countries, made here was viewed as very new and being the which are subject to meeting greenhouse gas first attempt of the Thai EA practice, while emissions targets under the Kyoto Protocol. encouraging active community groups involvement Purchasing of these emissions using Clean within the EA process and eventually much Development Mechanism (CDM) of Kyoto Protocol contributing to good governance outcome on will make possible provision of various grants to balancing water resource development versus cover a part of first investment for construction of ecological conservation value. Gostima HPP.

Ban Don Daeng is a small community located in Songkram watershed northeast Thailand. Local 687. (Paper) villagers often experience seasonal flooding which Multi-Stage Environmental Impact Assessment causes severe damages to rice crops during the wet on Processing for Toxic Wastes Abandoned season. The local government proposed to build the Illegally dike on an existing natural reservoir Nong Chai Wan, while expecting to increase the water volume Ito, Masaru; Edogawa Univ., 474, Nagareyama, supplied for dry-season rice growing. The Nong Chiba 270-0198 Lao People's Democratic Republic. Chai Wan is well perceived as a unique wetland 04-7152-0661 Fax 04-7154-2490 m-ito@edogawa- habitat for native flora and fauna, and thus the u.ac.jp | http://www.edogawa-u.ac.j IUCN-Mekong Wetland Program selected to be the site of prime conservation. Much debate and conflict In spite of strengthening of the regulation on waste sprang up for almost three years regarding the treatment in Japan, toxic wastes are often impact of dike construction at Nong Chai Wan abandoned illegally. This kind of waste pollutes between community conservation groups, local groundwater. It creates worry about neighboring government and local dry-season rice growers. This residents’ health impairment. A processing study used participatory environmental assessment enterprise had to be founded by public intervention. (Par-EA) aimed to explore any solution to the The kind of enterprise has to consider residents’

53 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - health, environmental preservation and public Lee, Sang Hoon; University of Suwon, Wau-ri, participation. The multi-stage environmental Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do 445-743 Korea. +82-31- assessment on the processing plan was introduced 220-2148 [email protected] by the local government. First, the body had examined which was the better option on-site or off- Kim, Jung; University of Suwon, Wau-ri, Hwasung-si, site. This decision making stage is called “policy Gyeonggi-do 445-743 Korea. +82-31-220-2147 assessment.” The body and the local government [email protected] had decided in-the-city to be an examination area. This stage of the assessment is called “acceptability The air pollution level in Seoul metropolitan area assessment.” They are made up some kinds of marks 1.7 - 3.5 times higher than the pollution levels alternatives and had assessed whether the point in other major cities. To cope with this serious would be a suitable site or not. This stage is called problem, the Korean government legislated the “capability assessment.” The master plan has been Special Act on Metropolitan Air Quality Improvement made up and assessed as an “environmental impact in December 2003. One of the major measures of assessment.” The plan raised accuracy and the this act is total air pollution emission management body is continuing environmental researches and system. To make new system work efficiently, the making the monitoring plan. assessment of the priority on air pollution control strategies is necessary. The NOx concentrations affected from emission source categories are 417. (Paper) estimated by air quality modeling. The emission The Quality of Environmental Impact Statements reduction rates of source categories to minimize the of Waste Incineration Projects in Finland total emission are calculated by linear programming technique. The solution of this linear programming Jalava, Kimmo; University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9, means the best strategy to meet the target air Jyväskylä, Finland. +358142604214 quality considering the air pollution emission and [email protected] culpabilities from source categories. As a result of this study, it was shown that the priority of control of Pasanen, Sanna; University of Jyväskylä, Survontie mobile sources; especially heavy duty vehicles is 9, Jyväskylä, Finland. +358142604214 higher than the control of other sources. [email protected]

Kuitunen, Markku; University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 562. (Paper) 9, Jyväskylä, Finland. +358142602301 Mountains-Scale Forest Fragmentation [email protected] Delineation using Multi-Temporal Trends in Remote Sensing-Derived Land Cover The quality of an Environmental Impact Statement Classification (EIS) is the key issue concerning the effectiveness of EIA. In Finland the quality control is the task of Jang, Gab-Sue; Chung-nam Developement Institute, the Regional Environment Centers which act as 112-1 Youngdu-dong, Daejeon, Korea. 82-42-820- competent authorities in the EIA processes. In this 1182 [email protected] paper a total of 15 Environmental Impact Statements of Finnish waste incineration projects Jung, Jong-Gwan; Chung-nam Developement were reviewed using European Commission’s Institute, 112-1 Youngdu-dong, Daejeon, Korea. 82- guidance on EIS review. All the EISs were found 42-820-1181 [email protected] adequate by the coordinating authorities in 2001- 2005. The result of the review was that the Park, In-Hwan; Kyoungpook National University, statements were found satisfactory though many 1370 Sangyeok-dong, Daegu, Korea. 82-53-950- improvements could be required. The six review 5784 [email protected] areas were 1) description of the project, 2) description of the environment, 3) description of the The SLOSS debate was a debate in ecology and effects of the project, 4) mitigation measures and conservation biology as to whether a Single Large follow-up, 5) presentational issues and 6) non- or Several reserves was a superior means of technical summary. The statements performed best conserving biodiversity in a fragmented habitat. on the review areas “description of the environment” Jared Diamond suggested 6 rules for the design of and “the presentational issues.” The weakest result protected areas, based on MacArthur and Wilson's was gained in the area of “mitigation measures and Theory of Island Biogeography. The rules could be follow-up.” applied to the fragmentation of forests as habitats.

559. (Poster) The objective of this study was to use multiple Assessment of Air Pollution Emission Control satellite remote sensing datasets to delineate land Strategy using Linear Programming Technique cover, including forest patches, for the Geum-buk mountains at the north of the Geum river. Landsat visible and near-infrared satellite images obtained at Jang, Young-Kee; University of Suwon, Wau-ri, multiple dates in the growing season were used to Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do 445-743 Korea. +82-31- create a forest distribution map. Fragstats was used 220-2147 [email protected] to get the landscape indices delineating the

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Diamond’s 6 rules in the forest fragmentation. Recently, concerns about health risks exposed to Additional ground truth data was used to assess the electromagnetic fields have been brought in the accuracy of the procedure and to show the land- safety of electric power lines. They are based on the cover condition of the spots where a forest was epidemiological study suggesting association fragmented. The results of this study showed that between childhood leukemia and long-term the landscape indices explained the Diamond’s 6 exposure to electromagnetic fields from high-voltage rules very well and the forest fragmentation will be transmission lines. A number of governmental and useful as input data to the forest habitat international organizations have advised people in conservation model. residential area to avoid the magnetic field exposure as precaution.

605. (Poster) In this study, the principles, ranges and assessment Concepts and Case Studies of National methods for power-frequency electromagnetic fields Environmental Assessment Map in Korea were reviewed from the relevant research papers and documents. Jeon, Seong-Woo; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122- The ranges of electromagnetic fields were 706 Korea. 82-2-380-7661 [email protected] determined from 50m to 100m and have been defined according to the properties of each electric Lee, Chong-Soo; Korea Environment Institute, 613- power lines and a new methodology was suggested 2 Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 in this study. Korea. 82-2-380-7647 [email protected]

501. (Poster) Lee, Moung-Jin; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 HIA in National Health Act,B.C. 2550, Thailand Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380-7764 [email protected] Jindawattana, Amphon; National Health System Reform Office (HSRO), Ministry of Public Health Hong, Hyun-Jung; Korea Environment Institute, 613- Compound, Tiwanon Rd., Mueang District, 2 Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 Nonthaburi Province 11000 Thailand. 6625902029 Korea. 82-2-380-7728 [email protected] Fax 6625902311 [email protected] | www.hsro.or.th Kang, Byung-Jin; GEN21, #602, Members-View, 477-1, Bangbae-Dong, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 137-820 Milintangkul, Ugrid; National Health System Reform Korea. 82-2-3472-8921 [email protected] Office (HSRO), Ministry of Public Health Compound, Tiwanon Road, Mueang District, Nonthaburi Korea has basically managed national lands through Province 11000 Thailand. 6625902308 Fax the zoning system from the year of 1934. But it is 6625902311 [email protected] | www.hsro.or.th insufficient in environment conservation and managing conflict between development and Bunteongjit, Kannikar; National Health System conservation. So, in this paper, we describe the Reform Office (HSRO), Ministry of Public Health process and case study of mapping national Compound,Tiwanon Rd., Mueang District, environmental value assessment. This map is based Nonthaburi Province 11000 Thailand. 6625902487 on valuation of 67 items. Of those, 56 items are Fax 6625902311 [email protected] | related to the area for preservation designated by www.hsro.or.th law such as green belt etc., 11 items to ecological information such as biodiversity, forest etc. We Chandrtat, Pitiporn; Health System Reform Office value each item environmentally from 1 to 5 grade, (HSRO), Ministry of Public Health Compound, and then overlay 67maps, and decide the smallest Tiwanon Rd., Mueang District, Nonthaburi Province as a site's final grade. As a result, we divide the 11000 Thailand. 6625902309 Fax 6625902311 national lands with five grades according to [email protected] | www.hsro.or.th conservation values in scaling of 1:25000. This map can be widely used at urban and regional plan, Ussavathirakul, Nirachara; Health System Reform development plan and environment impact Office (HSRO), Ministry of Public Health Compound, assessment, etc. This map is open to all Korean Tiwanon Rd., Mueang District, Nonthaburi Province people through the Internet. 11000 Thailand. 6625902305 Fax 6625902311

[email protected] | www.hsro.or.th 400. (Paper) The Ranges of Magnetic Fields in High-Voltage Pengkam, Somporn; Health System Reform Office Transmission Lines for Evaluation of (HSRO), Ministry of Public Health Compound, Environmental Impact Tiwanon Rd., Mueang District, Nonthaburi Province 11000 Thailand. 6625902478 Fax 6625902311 Jeon, In-Soo; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 [email protected] | www.hsro.or.th Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 02-380-7656 Fax 02-380-7744 The National Health Act is the law that all sectors [email protected] are invited to take part in the drafting. It provides the philosophical concepts, mechanisms for steering the

55 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - health system and explains the definition of health 314. (Poster) system as a management of all related matter of For an Effective Follow-up Process in Korean health in the way of living. This legal document is EIA the first law containing the issue of HIA for prescribing rules and procedure on following up and Joo, Yongjun; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 assessment in respect of national health system and Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 the impact on health resulting from public policies, Korea. 02-380-7666 Fax 02-380-7744 both in the level of policy making and [email protected] implementation. The declaration of this Act intends to use HIA as the process and the participatory Maeng, Junho; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 learning tool for development and initiation of public Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 policies. This process, finally, will be implemented Korea. 02-380-7653 Fax 02-380-7744 for the right and health of Thai people. [email protected]

Cho, Kwangwoo; Korea Environment Institute, 613- 645. (Paper) 2 Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 Supporting South Africa’s Economic Korea. 02-380-7615 Fax 02-380-7744 Development Through the Evaluation and [email protected] Improvement of Environmental Assessment

Tools The follow-up process in the Korean EIA system

consists of two steps. First, it monitors whether Johnson, Brent; CSIR South Africa, Jan Cilliers St, project proponents comply with reviews made by Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7599 South Africa. KEI (the environmental agency reviewing EIA +27218882419 [email protected] reports). The second steps is to survey

environmental impacts during and after Trotter, Doug; CSIR South Africa, King George VI implementation of the proposed action. The follow- Ave, Durban, KZN South Africa. +27312422329 up requires the proper participation of stakeholders: [email protected] project proponents, compliance monitors, impact

monitors, and environmental agencies approving In South Africa, sustained economic and social and reviewing said projects. Currently, follow-up development is critical. The principle tool for process does not work well in Korea because each developmental environmental assessment, EIA, has stakeholder does not play his proper role for various developed a reputation for constraint. We reasons such as mutual distrust among summarise a research programme aimed at stakeholders and problems associated with quantifying constraints and problems associated institutional settings. with EIAs and establishing frameworks for the development of analytical tools for more efficient, This study intends to improve effectiveness of defensible and justifiable environmental decisions. follow-up process and, ultimately, to improve quality Initial work indicates that one of the principle of EIA by devising a follow-up system that problems with EIAs is the duration of study and their delineates clear roles and build a strong network ability to accurately predict complex, multifaceted among stakeholders. In order to do so, the study and non-linear impacts across different scales. The identifies current problems associated with follow-up use of established decision making and strategic process and examines basic concepts and tools such as multi-criteria decision analysis, could procedures involved in it. Secondly, it analyzes improve the efficacy, integrity and public trust of relational dynamics among stakeholders to identify decision making. While the ultimate what's behind the current mutual distrust. Third, it recommendations of this in-progress research proposes a way to delineate clear roles to each programme may turn out to be, inter alia, stakeholder so that follow-up process runs efficient reconfiguration of environmental assessment and as an organic network. decision making, interim observations suggest that supportive conceptual injections (e.g., systems theory) into EIA processes may be beneficial. These, 769. (Paper) and other examples, are analysed through the lens Energy and Environment, Examples of Power of contemporary South African environmental Generation in Korea administration and the programme’s initial and anticipated outputs discussed. The paper ends with Jung, Jong-Han; Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd, summaries of potential research directions, #167, Samseong-Dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea outcomes and lessons for developing countries 135-791 Korea. 82-2-3456-8534 Fax 82-2-3456- grappling with reconciling environmental 8499 [email protected] assessment, growth, conservation and responsibility. Chun, Sang-Ki; Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd, #167, Samseong-Dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea 135-791 Korea. 82-2-6253-8310 Fax 82-2-6253- 8379 [email protected]|

Energy resources connected directly to people's lives are important elements and essential in

56 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - industry activity. Energy demand in Korea has been 736. (Paper) growing more than twice every 10 years according Development of Prior Environmental Review to growth of economy and improvement of living Support System in Korea standard. Recently, advanced countries are leading to establishing and enforcing internationally unified Jung, Eui Sung; Korea Environment Institute, Korea regulations of various forms such as the Montreal Environment Institute 613-2, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. protocol and the Climatic Change Convention to -82-2-380-7761 [email protected] maintain the natural environment of the earth. Our country is urgently needed to search for future new Yoon, Jeong-Ho; Korea Environment Institute, energy sources. Therefore, with the focus on power Korea Environment Institute 613-2, Seoul, 122-706 industry that is depending on importing the bulk of Korea. -82-2-380-7662 [email protected] fuel, I examine the possibility of developing alternative energy and our country's actual condition Lee, Jeongho; Korea Environment Institute, Korea of use of energy, grope new direction of sustainable Environment Institute 613-2, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. development. -82-2-380-7682 [email protected]

Until now the main environmental problems of the Lee, ByungHwa; Ministry of Environment, power plant have been caused by air pollutants like Government, Complex-Gwacheon 1, Gwacheon, SOx, NOx, and CO2 emitted by firing of fossil fuels Gyeonggi-Do 427-729 Korea. -82-2-2110-6705 and the power plants have minimized their emission [email protected] by installing very efficient equipment for reducing air pollutants. As you know, the current issue is CO2 Kim, YongHwan; Ministry of Environment, which is one of the greenhouse gases, so we have Government, Complex-Gwacheon 1, Gwacheon, to find out ways to reduce CO2. Gyeonggi-Do 427-729 Korea. -82-2-2110-6706 [email protected]

503. (Poster) Lee, Won-Seok; Pangaea21, Ltd, Anyang Mega- Establishment of an Assessment System for valley 799, Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do 431-600 Korea. - Environment-friendly Performance of 82-31-420-8952 [email protected] Residential Land Development Project

In Korea, the Prior Environmental Review System Jung, In-Su; Korea Institute of Construction (PERS) was adopted in 1993, which aims to Technology, 2311, Daewha-dong, Goyang-si, balance development and preservation by Kyunggi-do 411-712 Korea. +82-31-910-0329 Fax identifying possible environmental impacts of +82-31-910-0031 [email protected] development plans or projects in the early stages of

planning. Park, Hyun-Su; University of Incheon, 167, Sukgol- gil, Incheon-si, 402-749 Korea. +82-32-770-4397 To enhance the efficiency of PERS processes and Fax +82-32-770-4472 [email protected] accessibility of information about Prior

Environmental Review statements, KEI (Korea Lee, Chan-Sik; University of Incheon, 167, Sukgol- Environment Institute) consortium developed a web- gil, Incheon-si, 402-749 Korea. +82-32-770-8477 based environmental information and decision Fax +82-32-770-4472 [email protected] support system, which named the Prior

Environmental Review Support System (PERSS). Residential Land Development Project is defined as

“an action to create value-added on land for public PERSS contains more than 9000 past Prior infrastructures and housing construction according Environmental Review text data including 200 full to Residential Site Development Promotion Act,” text statements and more than 500 project site GIS and it is an essential factor for providing a data. residential foundation and a convenient life. In contrast to its positive impacts, it can have The Online WEB-GIS of PERSS is linked to considerably negative impacts on environment. Environmental Assessment Map of Korea and Economic factors decided construction projects in Environmental Impact Assessment Support System the past. However, these days, environmental (EIASS) to search environmental constraint factor of factors can't be ignored as consciousness on project; thus developers can check out land use environment has been emerged in domestic and suitability by themselves and easily identify an global society. environmental constraint factors, which support

developer's decision-making and contribute to This study will establish an assessment system for shortening the whole development process. promoting the environment-friendly performance of

Residential Land Development Project by analysing It is possible that developer consults with a review opinions of the previous Environmental responsible official on land use suitability by online Impact Assessment. The assessment system will application process. contribute to minimize the impact that the development projects implies on environment.

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PERSS would be also a stepstone of cumulative economic growth policy. So it has been functioned Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and as a thermal electric supplier for whole nation, and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). settled down as a petrochemical and refinery depot, steel and semiconductor manufacturing complexes as well. 399. (Paper) The Effectiveness of Social Variables in Social In comparison of the GRDP by capita, it was 9% Impact Assessment: The Korean Case higher in 1995 but 42% in 2005 compared to the nationwide level. The growth and extension of Jung, Juchul; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 GRDP owes too much to the exertions of this Bulgwang-dong Eunpyong-gu, Seoul, 122-706 industrial policy. Korea. 82-2-380-7633 [email protected] We studied the emission status of air pollutants and Lim, Jaeyoung; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 GHG in Chungnam Province by the section, such as Bulgwang-dong Eunpyong-gu, Seoul, 122-706 electricity, transportation, manufacturing industry, Korea. 82-2-380-7603 [email protected] household and public services. On the grounds of these emission status analyses, we can concentrate The purpose of this study is to examine on efficient measure of reduction for the compliance effectiveness of social variables identified in the “US of climate change regimes. Principles and Guidelines for SIA” (USPGS, 1994) and to develop the efficient process of social impact assessment in selecting social variables. In order to 560. (Poster) do this, the study probes recent cases in Korea Analysis and Prediction of Water Quality where social conflicts over development projects— Variation in Flow Line of Gwangju Stream among developers, governments, local communities, and environmentalists—have been quite serious. Jung, Nam-In; Department of Environmental Methodologically, the study selects four different Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 typical EIA cases, applies social variables identified YongBong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Korea. +82-62- in the USPGS to Korean cases and employs 530-0677 [email protected] ‘scoping’ to sort out which social variable proves effective or not in Korean cases and different project Lee, Yong-Woon; Department of Environmental types. The comparative analysis between Korea and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 US, thus, sheds light on both universality and YongBong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Korea. +82-62- specificity of certain social variables in local contexts 530-0677 [email protected] and different project types. It dictates that both decision-makers and practitioners need to consider Yang, Won-Mo; Department of Environmental local contexts and project types when applying Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 social variables in implementing policies. Ultimately, YongBong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Korea. +82-62- the authors hope, the study will contribute to making 530-0677 [email protected] social variables in specific and social impact assessment in general rich in theory and practice. Yoon, Se-Jong; Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 YongBong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Korea. +82-62- 332. (Paper) Emission Status of Air Pollutants for the 530-0677 [email protected]

Compliance of Climate Change Lee, Jae-Choon; Department of Environmental

Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Jung, Jong-Gwan; Chungnam Development YongBong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Korea. +82-62- Institute(CDI), 112-1 Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, 530-0677 [email protected] Daejeon, 301-745 Korea. +82-42-820-1181 Fax

+82-42-820-1129 [email protected] | www.cdi.re.kr Jeong, Won-Sam; Health & Environment Research

Institute of Gwangju Metropolitan City, 898, Jang, Gab-Sue; Chungnam Development hwaJung-Dong, Seo-Gu, Gwangju, Korea. +82-62- Institute(CDI), 112-1 Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, 375-9060 [email protected] Daejeon, 301-745 Korea. +82-42-820-1182 Fax

+82-42-820-1129 [email protected] | www.cdi.re.kr In this study, the characteristic of water quality

variation in flow line of Gwangju stream is analyzed, As a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, the Korean and its water quality is predicted for different government has been able to drag its feet on counterplans by using the QUALKO model. reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Even Korea was classified as a developing country, meaning it The flow Gwangju stream in the evening is more has no reduction requirement on GHG, however than morning and afternoon, and the flow tends to provincial government has tried to comply with be increased from upstream to midstream, but global regime such as UNFCCC of its own accord. decreased from midstream to downstream.

Chungnam has been shifted from agricultural to The water quality of Gwangju stream worsens as industrial stage rapidly by pursuing dynamic regional water runs from upstream to downstream. This

58 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - result indicates that sewage is inflowed according to 445. (Paper) flow line. The source of the sewage inflowed in SERPENT Project: Industry and Academia Join Gwangju stream is the traditional shopping districts Forces to Improve Impact Management in the located and crowded in both sides of the middle and Deep Sea upper stream, but in the downstream, it results from house district, specially Sang-mu district. Kaariainen, Janne; National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, The modelling results show that the water quality of SO14 3ZH United Kingdom. +44 2380 596357 Gwangju stream is seriously influenced by the water [email protected] | www.serpentproject.com quality of stream maintenance water and also the yes or no of sewage pipeline consolidation. In Our increasing demand for energy places a addition, the most appropriate alternative for considerable strain on the environment. This is improving the water quality of the stream is to particularly true offshore where the industry is perform the consolidation of sewage pipelines rapidly expanding its exploration and extraction located in the both banks of Gwangju stream. activity into the deep sea. The industry is committed to minimising operational impacts but the ecology of the deep sea is still poorly known. There is a clear 331. (Paper) need to improve our understanding of how these Application of SEA in the Process of Chungnam systems respond to and recover from disturbance Provincial Planning and other impacts.

Jung, Jong-Gwan; Chungnam Development The SERPENT project is an academic research Institute(CDI), 112-1 Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, programme that allows scientists and industry Daejeon, 301-745 Korea. +82-42-820-1181 Fax partners to address these challenges. At the heart of +82-42-820-1129 [email protected] | www.cdi.re.kr the project is the concept that industry partners can advance our science by making cutting edge Han, Sang-Wook; Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Remotely Operated Vehicle (submersible) Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-701 Korea. technology and existing data more accessible to the +82-2-940-5086 Fax +82-2-940-5683 world’s science community. This enables scientists [email protected] | www.kw.ac.kr to conduct in situ investigations of how deep-sea systems are affected by operational impacts and SEA in Korea has been applied in administrative help in developing appropriate practises and planning for the purpose of enhancing technologies that can protect and preserve these environmental concerns and gearing up ecosystems. sustainability under the amended Framework Act on Environmental Policy on and after 1 June 2006. The This research is closely coupled with outreach 3rd amended Chungnam Provincial Planning was activities. The striking footage of deep-sea schemed in November 2005 on the basis of National organisms obtained from little-known environments Territorial Basic Act; therefore, it is not necessarily have not only captured the interest of the media and applied that SEA system as a legal compulsory general public but also provide useful material for measure, but as a subject of planning and institute educational purposes. for leading organization, we determined to promote and implement SEA in regional planning process. 655. (Paper) We set up basic principles in the process of Compensation Integrated into Infrastructure implementing SEA, and mainly focused on the Planning and EIA in Finland, Case: Europe E18 context of guidance, practicability and consistency in Motorway Turku-Vaalimaa relation to the attribute of the plan.

Kähö, Tiina; Finnish Consulting Engineers SITO Ltd, The development of the SEA process in provincial Tietäjäntie 14, Espoo, 02130 Finland. planning raises many integration challenges. The +358405913847 [email protected] main issue relates to the extent to which SEA should be integrated into the planning process. As a In Finland compensation plays no official role in suggested model for SEA application, we tried the infrastructure planning, unlike in many other concurrent complementary feedback model, which European countries. Compensations are traditionally is based on the integration of the SEA process into seen as the last possible means to mitigate harmful the various stages of the each sectional plan- environmental impacts. Today there has been making process in an iterative manner as an increasing discussions around compensation in adjusting assessment. Finland. We need to take a fresh look at compensations as a whole, not only ecological, but also social, and through land use planning. The aim is to find new methods that can be integrated into EIA and Finnish planning processes. An ongoing non-academic research funded by the Finnish Ministry of the Environment and Ministry of Transport and Communications analyses example projects from Finland, Sweden and Germany to find

59 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - out which compensation measures could be 699. (Paper) adapted into Finnish EIA. The Finnish case is EIA Tools for Extreme Environments: Current Europe E18 Motorway Turku-Vaalimaa, where the Coverage and Gaps Remaining planning process has been ongoing since the 1960s. The case study includes several EIA-processes Kelly, Charles; Benfield Univ. College London from the 1990s until today. Hazard Research Centre, c/o Ste 706, Bethesda, MD 20814 United States. 1-301-676-3301 [email protected] 396. (Paper) Post-Project Review on Resettlement Scheme A number of environmental impact assessment Applied for a Dam Construction Project in (EIA) tools exist or are in development for use in Indonesia disasters, war, and other extreme environments. However, these procedures have not been Karimi, Syafruddin; Center for Economic Research developed in a coordinate manner and a number of and Institutional Development, Andalas University, gaps exist in coverage and scope. In addition, there Jalan Kandang Padati No. 3, Padang, Indonesia. is a need to link and integrate procedures and +62-751-775-508 Fax +62-751-775-508 results to ensure assessments provide useful and [email protected] effective input into crisis management operations. The presentation will review existing disaster- Nakayama, Mikiyasu; Graduate School of Frontier focused EIAs to identify the scale and coverage of Sciences, University of Tokyo, Room 768, each procedure. This review will be used to identify Environmental Studies Bldg., Kashiwa, Chiba 277- where new methods and procedures are needed, as 8563 Japan. +81-4-7136-4851 Fax +81-4-7136- well as how existing procedures can be modified to 4842 [email protected] improve the overall utility of disaster-focused EIAs in reducing the impact of crises on individuals and Fujikura, Ryo; Department of Humanity and societies. Environment, Hosei University, 2-17-1 Fujimi, Tokyo, 102-8160 Japan. +81-3-3264-4951 Fax +81-3-3264- 9663 [email protected] 170. (Paper) Impact of Income on Household Energy Use The resettlement scheme of the Kotapanjang Dam, Patterns in Botswana: Implications for built in the 1990s in the Sumatra Island of Indonesia, Economic Growth and Forest Biodiversity has been criticized by environmentally concerned Conservation. groups. The project is believed to have created many problems for resettled families. The survey Kerapletswe, Charity; Botswana Institute for carried out by the authors suggests that living Development Policy Analysis, 134 Millinium Office conditions of two villages have been significantly Park, Gaborone, Botswana. +267-3971750 Fax improved after resettlement. The condition of +267-3971748 [email protected] | www.bidpa.bw another village has been fairly improved although there is room for further improvement. In yet another This paper analyses the impact of household village, while many people experienced income income on energy consumption patterns in decrease and hardship after the resettlement, other Botswana and implications for economic growth and indicators of quality of life suggested improvements. forest biodiversity conservation. Botswana High capability of people in the former two villages household energy consumption patterns entail high might have led to the observed improvements. dependence on woodfuel given a small percentage There likely existed some good practices by of households (22%) connected to national resettlers, from which important lessons for the electricity grid. Fuelwood in rural areas is abundant future project may be obtained. To secure public but scarce in urban areas due to depleted forests in consensus is essential for dam construction projects. their vicinity. An analysis of household energy The survey suggests that some good practices consumption and expenditure patterns from existed in the resettlement scheme applied. The Household and Expenditure survey reveals good practices will significantly contribute not only Botswana households spent 24% of income on for the better living condition of resettlers but also for energy with highest proportion spent on electricity. obtaining public acceptance. However, under Households use electricity for lighting and powering influence politically biases, the good practices may multi-media equipment. About 70% of low-income likely be overlooked, and it may lead to delay in households use woodfuel compared to 18% of the improving modalities for resettlement scheme of high-income households. With high tariff and low dam construction projects. incomes, the majority of households remain woodfuel users. This implies loss of forest biodiversity where certain species are favoured for energy production. There has been limited uptake of electricity expansion programmes by low income households, who constitute the majority of those that cannot afford high connection fees and tariffs. Energy development without availing affordable energy to low income households whose main

60 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - source of energy is woodfuel may limit economic Sharma, Suman; Melamchi Water Supply growth and forest biodiversity conservation. Development Board, Devkota marga, Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal. 977-1-4475303 Fax 977-1- 4468962 [email protected] 329. (Paper) Strategic Environment Assessment of National Kathmandu valley is the capital city of Nepal, Water Plan of Nepal inhabited by more than 15 million people. The people of valley have been facing an extreme Khadka, Ram; Pokhara University, Kathmandu, shortage of water supply, and the demand is Kathmandu, Nepal. 9771-4252014 Fax 9771- escalating as the population of the valley is 4107517 [email protected] | increasing at the rate of 3.3 percent. Melamchi River www.schems.edu.np located 40 Km north-east of the valley is a snow-fed perennial river and has been chosen to supply water This study was made under 'Water and Energy for kathmandu through 26.5 Km long tunnel. The Commission' of Nepal. The author was the team project will have significant impacts on physical, leader for the study and for the publication and for biological and socio-economic/cultural components presentation, the author has obtained permission of the environment. Melamchi Water Supply project from the Commission. has undergone an application of EIA during its feasibility study and was approved by Environment Water is the major natural resource for economic Ministry of Nepal. Environmental Management Plan development in Nepal. Annual water flow is 224 (EMP) was also developed and integrated into the billion cubic meter. Water uses are Hydropower, 500 project design for implementation. Therefore, this MW; irrigation 41% of agricultural land; and water paper explicitly describes a detailed background on supply is 66% of households. Snow-fed rivers are the project, EIA predictions, status of EMP the main sources. Lack of comprehensive vision in implementation and issues of the participation and water use in Nepal has delayed its proper support of the local people. This paper also provides development. some lessons to learn on the modalities of addressing the demands and grievances of local Water Resource Strategy (WRS) was developed in people particularly from environmental management 2002 which identified water resource development perspectives. programs. National Water Plan (NWP) was developed to operationalize the programs of WRS. National Water Plan was endorsed by the 764. (Paper) government in 2005. Strategic Environmental East-West, Home is Best: The Komi-Aluminium Assessment (SEA) is not mandatory in Nepal. Project and Lessons Learned However, NWP has undergone a thorough environmental examination at the strategic level. Khotuleva, Marina; Ecoline EA Center, Valovaya, NWP screened and scoped out the environmental Moscow, Russian Federation. +7 495 236 1027 issues related to hydropower, water supply and [email protected] irrigation development. Issues identified were analyzed and mitigation measures were prescribed O'Beirne, Sean; SE Solutions, Johanesburg, South with options. Methods described by Barry Sadler Africa. +27 82 9039751 [email protected] and Rob Verheem (1996) were adopted. Monitoring programs have been formulated. This paper deals Yurkin, Egor; Komi Aluminium, Radio, Moscow, with the detailed assessment of issues and the Russian Federation. +7495 7634985 measures to ameliorate the adverse effects of NWP [email protected] implementation. Grigorieva, Maria; Kotova, Maria; Filin, Pavel; Shanaurin, Dmitry; Bronevoi, Vladislav 256. (Paper) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and The “Komi-Aluminium” project will see the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) on expansion of an existing bauxite mine on Middle Melamchi Water Supply Project in Nepal Timan and the construction of a large scale alumina refinery in Komi Republic, Russia. The Khanal, Anil; Melamchi Water Supply Development environmental and social assessment was Board, Nepal, Devkota Marga, Baneshwor, conducted according to Russian legal requirements Kathmandu, Nepal. 977-1-4468963 Fax 977-1- and the policies and standards of international 4468962 [email protected], finance institutions, notably the International [email protected], [email protected] Finance Corporation (IFC) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Khadka, Ram Bahadur; Melamchi Water Supply Neither organization sees simply meeting the Development Board, Devkota Marga, Baneshwor, Russian requirements as an adequate level of an Kathmandu, Nepal. 977-1-4468965 Fax 977-1- assessment. Thus the challenge faced was one of 4468962 [email protected] capitalizing on the technical and consultative components of the Russian OVOS requirements, and extending this in selected key areas to meet the

61 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - requirements of the international lenders, rather environmental practitioners, environmentally than running two separate assessments. In this responsible companies and NGOs are required to paper is presented together with some key learning prevent the system from the total destruction. The points. international community could contribute by the promoting the best practice principles. Key success factors: • Commitment of developer’s top management to conduct best practice 777. (Paper) E&SA for all project stages The Changing Roles of Environmental • Identifying where assessment approaches Practitioners in Uganda differed and what needed to be done to ensure for both meeting ‘western’ and Kigonya, Anita; Environment and Development Russian requirements Action Consult, Nsambya Rd, Kampala, central 256 • Adoption of best practice PP approaches Uganda. 0312291827 0412571064 including stakeholder mapping and direct [email protected] company-community dialogue • Using the SEIA/OVOS findings as the Uganda is undergoing tremendous growth and the building blocks for the development of environment is also being degraded at a very fast Integrated Management System rate. To combat the pending catastrophe, the government of Uganda is becoming tough on investors and developers whose activities are 733. (Paper) degrading the environment. EA System in Russia: Latest Changes and Tendencies Environmental Practitioners at the introduction of environmental assessment in Uganda were limited Khotuleva, Marina; Ecoline EA Center, Valovaya, to assessment of the proposed projects only and 32/75, Moscow, Russian Federation. +7 495 236 advising developers and investors but with 1027 Fax +7 495 236 1027 mkhotuleva@eac- unchecked rate of development; environmental ecoline.ru practitioners have taken up several roles such as land analysis, advocacy of environmental issues, Strizhova, Tatiana; Ecoline EA Center, Valovaya, monitoring and implementation of projects. 32/75, Moscow, Russian Federation. +7 495 236 1027 Fax +7 495 236 1027 tstrizhova@eac- The purpose of this paper is intended to create ecoline.ru awareness, to share with other practitioners from around the world and also to consolidate lessons Chechetkin, Vladimir; Ecoline EA Center, learned during the assessment in their country and Vetluzhanka, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation. +7 advise on the way forward in controversial issues in 3912 451465 [email protected] environmental assessment.

The Russian EA system has changed significantly in The outcome of this presentation is mearnt to the last three months within the huge ongoing educate others on other roles environmental Administrative Reform. practitioners take in the line of assessment and after the assessment period. Traditionally, the Russian EA system includes two sub-systems: environmental assessment provided The paper will discuss problems and other issues by the proponent (Russian abbreviation OVOS) and that hinder proper use of environmental assessment State Environmental Review (SER) provided by the as a tool of sustainable development. competent authorities. During the last changes, the construction activities have been excluded from the 590. (Paper) subject of SER. The responsibilities of state The Impact on Woodland of Refugee Camp in reviewing of environmental issues have been moved Kigoma Region, Western Tanzania to the construction authorities and to the latest project design stages (literally, the proponent must Kihaule, Joseph; Vice-President's office-Division of present the environmental measures within the Environment, Samara Avenue/Maktaba, Dar- Es- project documentation). SER institutions are under Salaam, Tanzania. 255-22-2125297 Fax 255-22- reform now. 2124631 [email protected]

The OVOS process is still legally required by the Tanzania has experienced a number of Key Environmental Law. The fate of OVOS process environmental problems caused by activities such is not clear now: according to the Russian legal as overgrazing, shifting cultivation, and illegal requirements, OVOS must be done just for the SER logging and is currently the country experiencing a subjects. OVOS is not mentioned as a part of the number of environmental degradations in the documentation package going to state reviewing. western areas, caused by an influx of refugees from Burundi, Rwanda and Democratic Republic of One can see the significant EA capacity declining in Congo (DRC). The situation causes environmental Russia at the time. The joint efforts of the

62 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - degradation and shortage of resources for local body and watershed is required to lower the chance communities and refugees in the surrounding areas. for its invasion into the downstream area of special conservation such as NRA. Waterfowl visit the The area which local communities used for provision islands frequently and might also bring alien seeds of fuel wood, clean water for domestic purposes, from distant regions to the islands. On the contrary, agriculture in the valleys, hunting grounds for bush invasion of alien species in NRAs at marsh Upo and meat, and source of medicine has now been Mt. Jirisan is likely by human activities in addition to changed to refugee camps. other transfer mechanisms such as wind and water flow. The situation gets worse when limited existing resources are shared between refugees and local communities. As a resulte, conflict arises between 408. (Paper) the groups over the use of resources. Does the Restoration of an Inner-City Stream in Seoul Affect Local Climate? This study has realized that there is a need for some improvement of policies, research and enforcement Kim, Yeon-Hee; 1Meteorological Research Institute, of laws and by laws in the area in order to improve 460-18, Shindaebang-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the situation between local communities and Korea. 82-2-846-2850 [email protected] refugees in the area where problems of resource sharing occurs. The study also realized that the use Baik, Jong-Jin; Seoul National University, San56-1, of EIA as a decision tool is important to minimize the Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-880- resource sharing problem in a particular locality. 6990 [email protected]

Koo, Hae-Jung; 1Meteorological Research Institute, 753. (Poster) 460-18, Shindaebang-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Invasion of Alien Plant into Nature Reserve Area Korea. 82-2-846-2850 [email protected] (NRA) in Korea Kim, Kyu Rang; 1Meteorological Research Institute, Kil, Ji Hyon; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, 460-18, Shindaebang-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea. 82-2-846-2850 [email protected] Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea, Incheon, Korea. Choi, Byoung-Cheol; 1 Meteorological Research 032-560-7479 [email protected] Institute, 460-18, Shindaebang-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-846-2850 [email protected] Kim, Won Hee; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Urban climate changes associated with the Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- restoration of an inner-city stream in Seoul, Korea, dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea, Incheon, Korea. are investigated using observational data. The 032-560-7479 [email protected] stream, called the Cheonggye stream, which had been hidden and covered with cement/asphalt for 46 Shin, Hyun Chul; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, years, runs 5.8 km eastward through a central National Institute of Environmental Research, region of Seoul. Intensive observations were made Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- in the stream area for a number of summertime dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea, Incheon, Korea. periods before, during, and after the stream 032-560-7479 [email protected] restoration to detect the effects of the stream on its nearby climate and to quantify them. It is found that Kim, Jong Min; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, after the stream restoration the near-surface National Institute of Environmental Research, temperature averaged over the stream area Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- dropped by 0.4oC, with the largest local temperature dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea, Incheon, Korea. drop being 0.9oC. The stream effect on air 032-560-7479 [email protected] temperature is also evident in the temperature distribution along a street traversing the stream. In We surveyed 5 NRAs in South Korea and surveyed the daytime after the stream restoration, sensible for alien plant species appearance. Neither high heat flux was greatly reduced and ratio of sensible moor nor Muechi moors was invaded by any alien heat flux to net radiative flux dramatically decreased. plant. Prohibition of access to these marshes in It is found that in the stream canyon the along- mountain is likely effective to keep them free of alien stream flows can be dominant even when the plants. NRA in the estuary of river, NRA of marsh ambient wind direction is not principally in the along- Upo in the field and NRA in two valleys of Mt. Jirisan stream direction and that the wind speed is weaker are inhabited by 46 alien plant species. The most than the ambient wind speed. popular alien species are among Compositae, Graminineae, and Leguminosae with 17, 9 and 5 species, respectively. Alien seed seemed to reach islands in the estuary of river Nakdong by water flow in last two decades without noticeable human aid for seed dispersal. This indicates that management of any invasive alien species at the upstream water

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751. (Poster) Park, Joo Hyun; Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Lessons from Massive Outbreak of Fly and Wolgye-Dong, Nowon, Seoul, 139-701 Korea. +82- Midge at Landfill Site 2-940-5759 Fax +82-2-940-5541 [email protected] Kim, Jong Min; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Han, Sang Wook; Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- Wolgye-Dong, Nowon, Seoul, 139-701 Korea. +82- dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea. 032-560-7479 x 2-940-5086 Fax +82-2-918-5683 [email protected] [email protected]

Kim, Won Myeong; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, Han, Young Han; Asia-Pacific Environmental and National Institute of Environmental Research, Management Institute, Daewoo Theoville 3rd 708-16, Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-919 dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea. 032-560-7479 Korea. +82-2-6202-3538 [email protected] [email protected] Lee, Suk Ho; Asia-Pacific Environmental and Koh, Kang Suk; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, Management Institute, Daewoo Theoville 3rd 708-16, National Institute of Environmental Research, Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-919 Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- Korea. +82-2-6202-3538 [email protected] dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea. 032-560-7479 [email protected] Kim, Duk Woo; Asia-Pacific Environmental and Management Institute, Daewoo Theoville 3rd 708-16, Kim, Ki Kyeong; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-919 National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea. +82-2-6202-3538 [email protected] Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea. 032-560-7479 The introduction of strategic environmental [email protected] assessment (SEA) has strengthened and extended the value of environmental impact assessment(EIA) Brine fly and midge massively formed from a landfill as a foundation tool for sustainable development. In area at Jinhae bay in southern coast of Korea in the particular, SEA helps to overcome the limitation of summer of 2005. Marine sediment at Jinhae bay project EIA as a 'stand alone' approach, applied was strongly disturbed, and the resulting slurry was relatively late in the decision making cycle. SEA is continuously pumped into the landfill area of about applied to policy, plan and programme (3p) 3km2 from 2004. When the water depth of landfill proposals, when major alternatives are open and area widely maintained low enough for the larvae systematic consideration and implications can be growth, sudden massive outbreak of brine fly and given to their environmental effects. This process midge resulted. Their unprecedented outbreak also corresponds to options appraisal of caused a serious environmental impact and called development proposal to find the best practical on improvement of which required environmental outcome having regard to all potential impacts. assessment and management for landfill on the coast. The authority decided to drain water from the Now Korea has an EIA system and prior landfill site to minimize the growth zone for the environmental review system (PERS) which is a hazardous insect, and at the same time, applied different type of SEA as an environment chemicals to reduce the population size quickly. An assessment (EA)system. Considering the above, we alert system with stepwise response against insect proposed the APEMI IA MODEL for an alternative development was developed. The area suitable for EA system. larval growth and larval density decided the warning level, which calls for stepwise response to reduce APEMI IA MODEL integrated the following three either the area for larval growth or larval density to pillars: the first pillar symbolized the decision predetermined concentration in wet or submerged making cycle with planning process. The second bottom. Marine sediment with high content of pillar symbolized integrated assessment which nutrient would be treated before landfill to lower tiering SEA and EIA with specific impacts nutrient content. For proper environmental assessment (e.g., social impact assessment, management and impact assessment, we economic impact assessment, health impact suggested a number of modifications including assessment etc) in cooperated EMS.The third pillar assessment criteria. symbolized EA best practical procedure of international association for impact assessment(IAIA). 756. (Paper) The Introduction of Alternative Environmental Assessment Model: APEMI IA MODEL 573. (Paper) Radiative Impacts of Urban Aerosols in Seoul, Korea Kim, Im Soon; Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-701 Korea. +82-2-940-5088 Fax +82-2-918-5683 Kim, Jiyoung; Meteorological Research Institute, [email protected] 460-18 Shindaebang-dong, Seoul, 156-720 Korea. +82-2-846-2850 [email protected]

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Choi, Byoung-Cheol; Meteorological Research Choi, Tae Bong, National Institute of Environmental Institute, 460-18 Shindaebang-dong, Seoul, 156-720 Research, Environmental Research Complex, Korea. +82-2-846-2850 [email protected] Kyungseo-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon, 404-708 Korea. 82-32-560-7410 [email protected] Atmospheric aerosols play a major role in the radiative process of solar and terrestrial radiations. This study was carried out to investigate the According to the optical properties of each aerosol indicator species sensitive to climate change and its particle, aerosols may contribute to the heating (by impacts on the ecosystems and biodiversity of light-absorbing aerosols, e.g., black carbon) and Korean Peninsula. cooling (by light-scattering aerosols, e.g., sulfate and nitrate) of the atmospheric temperature. The In the soil seed bank germination experiments of a radiative impacts of urban aerosols are assessed montane grassland and a high moor with four through the combination of atmospheric radiation different temperature conditions, we suggested measurement and radiative transfer modeling. Geranium davuricum and Astilbe chinensis var. Sun/sky radiometer measurements during davidii as the candidate indicator species for a November 2000 to February 2003 at Seoul shows montane grassland of Sobaek Mountain. And we the annual mean (with standard deviation) aerosol suggested Eleocharis attenuata var. laeviseta and optical depths (AODs) at 440 and 675 nm are 0.498 Juncus gracillimus as the candidate indicator (0.368) and 0.294 (0.225), respectively. The ranges species for a high moor, Yongnup of Daeam of AODs of each wavelength are 0.122-2.576 and Mountain. We predicted that landscape mosaic 0.063-1.566, respectively. Fu-Liou radiative transfer patterns will change due to dominance and model was employed to estimate the surface displacements in vegetation composition. radiative forcing (SRF) due to urban aerosols at Seoul, Korea. If AODs at 550 nm are 0.1 and 1.0, In the distribution modelling of montane plants SRFs were found to be -6.66 and -55.28 W/m2, species and evergreen plants in Korean Peninsula, respectively. Direct and indirect effects of urban we compared the relative importance between aerosols need to be studied in order to more clearly bioclimatic variables. Analysis on percent of range understand the role of aerosols on the urban climate. change between different physiognomy showed that montane herbs are more sensitive than shrubs and

661. (Poster) trees. We suggested Geranium eriostemon var. Indicator Species for Climate Change Impact megalanthum, Clematis chisanensis and Clemtis Assessment in Korean Peninsula ochotensis as the candidate indicator species for South Korea.

Kim, Tae Kyu; National Institute of Environmental Candidate indicator species from our studies will be Research, Environmental Research Complex, used as representative indicators for climate change Incheon, 404-708 Korea. 82-32-560-7412 impact assessments in South Korea. [email protected]

Kim, Kee Dae; Korea National University of 351. (Poster) Education, Gangnae-myeon, Cheongwon-gun, Grazing Impact of Zooplankton on Chungbuk 363-791 Korea. 82-43-230-3727 Phytoplankton in the Heavily Polluted Coastal [email protected] Waters and Its Application as a Tool of Marine Environmental Impact Assesment Yeon, Myung Hun; National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Kim, Seongtaek; Korea Environmental Technology Complex, Incheon, 404-708 Korea. 82-32-560-7407 Consulting Hotline, 634-1, Yi-dong, Ansan, 426-857 [email protected] Korea. 82-31-408-7310 Fax 82-31-419-5551 [email protected] Lee, Jae Ho; National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Kim, Younggeel; Korea Environmental Technology Incheon, 404-708 Korea. 82-32-560-7414 Consulting Hotline, 634-1, Yi-dong, Ansan, 426-857 [email protected] Korea. 82-31-408-7310 Fax 82-31-419-5551 [email protected] Suh, Min Hwan; National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Chae, Jinho; Korea EEvironmental Research Center Incheon, 404-708 Korea. 82-32-560-7403 for Hydroshpere, 634-1, Yi-dong, Ansan, 426-857 [email protected] Korea. 82-31-408-7310 Fax 82-31-419-5551 [email protected] Shin, Young Kyu; National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Lee, Jiwang; Korea Environmental Technology Incheon, 404-708 Korea. 82-32-560-7409 Consulting Hotline, 634-1, Yi-dong, Ansan, 426-857 [email protected] Korea. 82-31-408-7310 Fax 82-31-419-5551 [email protected]

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Maeng, Junho; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2, response functions to quantify the effects of ambient Bulgwang-Dong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380- ozone on mortality in Seoul, particularly among 7653 Fax 82-2-380-7744 [email protected] persons aged 65 years and over. The mortality statistic was obtained from the National Statistical Cho, Kwangwoo; Korea Evironment Istitute, 613-2, Office and ozone monitoring data from the Korea Bulgwang-Dong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380- National Institute of Environmental Research. 7615 Fax 82-2-380-7744 [email protected] Discrete monitoring data were converted average ambient ozone levels for every administrative We investigated interaction between zooplankton boundary in SMA using applied spatial interpolation and phytoplankton in the food chain of the marine methods. To simulate attainment, the distribution of micro-ecosystem in two heavily polluted areas, ozone values was reduced by proportional rollback waters off the Saemangeum and the Gwangyang method. The reduced deaths were estimated for Bay, then elucidated application of the results as a 2000 and 2015. Considering rapidly progressed tool of marine environmental assessment. Spatial population aging, increasing traffic, and hotter and temporal changes of phytoplankton and summers due to global warming, the benefit from copepods, the dominant zooplankton, were reduced mortality for the elderly population will examined and their grazing impacts on red-tide become more significant in the future. organisms and protozoans were calculated by combining data on the field population density and predation rates measured in the laboratory. 755. (Poster) Standing stocks of phytoplankton as a whole were Water Stream Basically Determined Sicyos largely influenced by the abundance of the dominant angulata Spread in Korea zooplankton grazers, Acartia spp., and heterotrophic and mixotrophic dinoflagellates played important Kim, Jong Min; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, roles as the food sources. In the costal waters off National Institute of Environmental Research, the Saemangeum area, the copepods, Acartia spp. Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- took up 21 - 31% of their entire biomass from dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea. 032-560-7479 dinoflagellates, Prorocentrum minimum and [email protected] Scriipsiella trochoidea, while took up to 78% from Gonyaulax polygramma in Gwangyang Bay. Kil, Ji Hyon; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, However, dominant diatoms Chaetoceros sp. and National Institute of Environmental Research, Skeletnema costatum, known to be the major Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- phytoplankton preys in general marine food web, dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea. 032-560-7479 contributed less in zooplankton grazing in these [email protected] polluted coastal waters. Kong, Hak Yang; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 604. (Poster) Reduced Premature Deaths from Attaining the 8- Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea. 032-560-7479 hr Ozone Standard in Seoul, Korea [email protected]

Kim, Myung-Hyun; KEI, 613-2 Bulgwang-Dong, We investigated distribution of Sicyos angulata, a Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-380-7669 Fax burcucumber, in south Korea. About two thirds of 82-2-380-7644 [email protected] precipitation concentrates in summer with a few

typhoons a year which cause massive soil erosion. Bae, Hyunjoo; KEI, 613-2 Bulgwang-Dong, Because most seeds of S. angulata were embedded Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-380-7714 Fax in dense mats of residual stalks grown last year or in 82-2-380-7644 [email protected] top soil, the seeds are seemed to be easily freed

from the mat or top soil by heavy rain, and freely Ha, Jongsik; KEI, 613-2 Bulgwang-Dong, transported to remote region by rapid river stream. Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-380-7754 Fax They have the chance to be caught by dense 82-2-380-7644 [email protected] vegetation or ground on the riparian zone where the

water flow slowed down and overflow was recessed. Park, Jeongim; KEI, 613-2 Bulgwang-Dong, Since the first appearance of S. augulata was Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-380-7654 Fax noticed in the mid upper watershed of Han river in 82-2-380-7644 [email protected] the early 1990s, a few ha vegetation covered with S.

angulata developed each in several flat riversides The current ozone standard in Korea is 60 ppb as and an island of the Han river in Seoul where an 8-hour average. 23 of 80 ozone monitors (29%) natural vegetation was maintained for years. About in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) failed to meet the ten years seemed to be enough to spread over standard in year 2000, and the failure rate increased 100km along the river from mid upper watershed to to 75% (60/80) in 2001, and to 82% (66/80) in 2002. riverside and an island of the lower Han river in This study aims to estimate the reduced premature Seoul. This implies that S. angulatus may invade deaths from attaining the ozone standard at these riverside rigorously and replace normal vegetation failed monitors using the BenMAP (the remarkably in Korea. Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program, U.S. EPA). We developed concentration-

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639. (Paper) Kwon, Young-Ah; Department of Geography, Conservation Strategies of Han Esturary Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Ecosystem in Korea Seoul, 143-701, Korea, Seoul, Korea. 0165526693 [email protected] Kim, Sung-ok; Dept of Env Sci and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., Seodaemun-ku Daehyundong This paper examined distribution and changing 11-1, Seoul, Korea. 02-3277-3774 trends on occurrence days of the Kot-Saem Chui [email protected] (cold surge in the flowering season) from the end of February to early in April during 1973-2004. We Kim, Min-kyung; Dept of Env Sci and Engineering, defined an occurrence day of the Kot-Saem Chui as Ewha Womans Univ., Seodaemun-ku Daehyundong below 10% of the anomalies of mean daily 11-1, Seoul, Korea. 02-3277-3774 temperature or below 10% of the difference of the [email protected] daily mean temperature between the day before two days. Park, Ji-Eun; Dept of Env Sci and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., Seodaemun-ku Daehyundong In the west coastal region, the occurrence days of 11-1, Seoul, Korea. 02-3277-3774 the Kot-Saem Chui is higher in the end of February [email protected] and less frequent in early in April. In the east coastal region, the occurrence days of the Kot-Saem Chui is Jung, Ji-Hyang; Dept of Env Sci and Engineering, higher in early in April. The Kot-Saem Chui is Ewha Womans Univ., Seodaemun-ku Daehyundong closely related with frequencies and intensities of 11-1, Seoul, Korea. 02-3277-3774 Siberian anticyclones. The occurrence days of Kot- [email protected] Saem Chui has decreased in the most areas except Ulleung island and the east coastal region. Roh, Baik-ho; Korea Environment Institute, Bulgangdong 613-2 Eunpyung-Ku, Seoul, Korea. 02-380-7645 [email protected] 372. (Paper) Environmental Specimen Bank and Lee, Sang-don; Dept of Env Sci and Engineering, Environmental Impact Assessment Ewha Womans Univ., Seodaemun-ku Daehyundong 11-1, Seoul, Korea. 02-3277-3774 [email protected] Kim, Myungjin; National Institute of Environmental A mouth of Han River is located in the west part of Research, Kyongseodong, Incheon, 404-708 Korea. Seoul that is connected to the coastal areas. This 032-560-7451 Fax 032-567-4102 [email protected] area is unique because it provides a natural estuary for migratory birds and wetland plants. This area Yoo, Byungho; National Institute of Environmental has been well maintained due to the military Research, Kyongseodong, Incheon, 404-708 Korea. protection. This area has been used as habitat for 032-560-7450 Fax 032-567-4102 [email protected] international rare species such as cranes (Grus spp.), black-faced spoonbills and Chinese goose. Oh, Kyounghee; National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyongseodong, Incheon, 404-708 Korea. However, the wetland ecosystem is in danger due to 032-560-7400 Fax 032-567-4102 [email protected] construction projects such as roads, factories, and residential areas. Therefore, we need to protect the ESB is able to assess and improve the quality of areas as a form of ecological reserves or migratory analytical measurements as well as to compare the bird sanctuary. This study, therefore, suggested past and current environmental quality. It will conservation plans and identified the critical habitat contribute to monitoring the effectiveness of EIA for birds and plants. This information can be used as projects and policies. Research in the development a management strategy for conservation of of ESB will improve the reliability of environmental endangered species in Han river. monitoring, health impact assessment, and risk assessment in the EIA process.

599. (Poster) Environmental impact assessment (EIA) in Korea Distribution and Changing Trend on the has been improved markedly over the past three Occurrence of the Kot-saem Chui decades by enlarging the range of projects for assessment, instituting public participation, Kim, Jiyoun; Department of Geography, Konkuk environmental monitoring, and strategic University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, environmental assessment (SEA), and developing 143-701, Korea, Seoul, Korea. 0162496886 methodologies. EIA can be defined as the [email protected] systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts of proposed projects, plans, Lee, Seungho; Department of Geography, Konkuk programs, or legislative actions relative to the University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, physical-chemical, biological, cultural, and 143-701, Korea, Seoul, Korea. 024503380 socioeconomic components of the total environment. [email protected] EIA is a continuously evolving system.

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In this context the “environmental specimen bank” sufficient determinants to properly consider health (ESB) is new tool in EIA. ESB is an archive for impacts. samples that can be used to document and assess the quality of the environment in which we live. ESB When considering the first step of HIA, the looks at changes in the concentration of human and prospective and quantitative approach is suitable environmental specimens over long periods of time more than the retrospective and qualitative one due through retrospective analysis of archived samples to the lack of database available or cumulated. of a particular area collected at regular intervals. Similarly, an approach based on epidemiology and The idea of ESB was first proposed by German and toxicology could analyze limited evidences and American scientists in the early 1970s and has been impacts related to disease, whereas one based on established since 1979 in Germany, USA, and socio-science and psychology could provide the Japan. Korea plans to establish a National means available for predicting how the people and Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) in 2007 and community will act to the change. launch an operational pilot project by 2009.

630. (Poster) 312. (Paper) An Assessment of Environmental Capacity of Introduction Scheme of Health Impact Jinhae City Using Ecological Footprint Assessment in Korea

Kim, Kyung-Tae; Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Kim, Im Soon; Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-701 Korea. Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea. 018-508-8420 +82-2-940-5088 Fax +82-2-918-5683 [email protected] [email protected]

Jung, Sung-Gwan; Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Han, Young Han; Asia-Pacific Environmental and Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Management Institute, Daewoo Theoville 3rd 708-16, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea. 053-950-5783 Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-919 [email protected] Korea. +82-2-6202-3538 [email protected]

Park, Kyung-Hun; Dept. of Environment Engineering, Lee, Suk Ho; Asia-Pacific Environmental and Changwon National University, 9 Sarim-dong, Management Institute, Daewoo Theoville 3rd 708-16, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 641-773, Changwon, Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-919 Korea. 010-9992-7567 [email protected] Korea. +82-2-6202-3538 [email protected]

You, Ju-Han; Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Park, Joo Hyun; Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-701 Korea. Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea. 016-543-3440 +82-2-940-5759 ax [email protected] [email protected]

Han, Suk Woo; Asia-Pacific Environmental and Lee, Woo-Sung; Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Management Institute, Daewoo Theoville 3rd 708-16, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu, Seoul, Nowon-Gu Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea. 011-9235-9858 135-919 Korea. +82-2-6202-3538 [email protected] [email protected]

This study is to demonstrate the relationship Han, Sang Wook; Kwangwoon University, 447-1 between the resource consumption and the Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-701 Korea. environmental capacity, and to estimate the +82-2-940-5086 [email protected] environmental capacity of Jinhae city, South Korea

based on the ecological footprint (EF). All the EF Korea has 30 years of experience in EIA. Although values had increased over the past six years (1998- EIA includes sanitation and public health subsection, 2003). Especially, the food EF per capita was considering health impacts, among 17 sections and increased by 12.2%. This result was attributed to the 74 subsections, health impacts haven't been increase of dairy consumption due to the change of properly considered or have been ignored in many dietary life patterns, the increasing income level and cases. The increasing awareness on the importance the improvement of the standard of living. According of them has triggered this study to seek an optimal to the result of the total EF analysis in Jinhae, the introduction scheme of HIA. increase rate of total EF per capita was 13.6% and

energy footprint exceeded this augmentation for six Integrating HIA into the existing EIA process could years. On the other hand, the results of the be the most effective way to use the benefits in both ecological deficit showed that Jinhae city requires legal and procedural processes and to avoid the the area of land over thirty times larger as the confusion and overlap since the close relationships existing area to keep the current consumption level. between environment and health impacts might be. Therefore it will be necessary to establish the urban It is desirable that the existing sanitation-public planning and landuse planning considering the health subsection should be substituted by and environment capacity. extended to environment-health subsection with

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644. (Paper) seed were dropped on top soil of the riverside and ResNet Analysis for Biodiversity Conservation riverbed and embedded in soil or sediment. Soil in the DMZ in South Korea erosion and turbulent mixing on site or downward transport of suspended soil in water stream powered Kim, Jin-Oh; University of Texas at Austin, 3479 by heavy rain resulted in three dimensional Lake Austin Blvd. apt A, Austin, TX 78703 United dispersal of seed in the river, which enabled self- States. (512) 471-0124 [email protected] sustainable and expandable population over years. Vegetation filled with B. napus may remove habitat This research proposes a way to prioritize areas for for certain insect or fishes or birds which requires biodiversity conservation in Demilitarized Zone parallel stems and leaves in high density for nesting (DMZ) and Civilian Control Zone(CCZ), where rich or egg laying on or among them. biodiversity is under significant threats. The methods applied are ResNet algorithm in conjunction with MaxEnt to systematically prioritize 713. (Paper) areas of biodiversity value. ResNet provides Geographical Barrier Mapping alternative conservation area networks, using limited data. In this study, three conservation strategies are Kim, Ji Young; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 proposed. Firstly, west and midwest areas in CCZ Bulkwangdong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380- and DMZ are identified as valuable for biodiversity. 7677 Fax 82-2-380-7744 [email protected] Most of these areas are composed of rice paddies, wetlands and plains attracting a variety of 'Geographical Barriers' can be defined as ‘artificial endangered birds for wintering. Thus, ecologically and natural barriers that can block travelling of friendly agricultural systems should be maintained to animals.’ Geographical Barriers can be so easily prevent destructive urban land development. classified and mapping of its distribution is so easy Secondly, the ResNet analyzed that far eastern part that we can understand distributions of ecological of the CCZ and DMZ includes areas of higher barriers by simply mapping the Geographical biodiversity values. The ecosystem in the area Barriers. This study suggests the mapping of the around Hyangro Peak is well preserved and Geographical Barrier is very useful, especially for provides habitates for a variety of mammals, linking rapid assessment. The map can be mapped very two significant ecosystems in Mt. Kumkang and Mt. easily by an ordinary person. Sorak. Thirdly, southern areas of the eastern and mideastern CCZ show high quality of biodiversity The "Travelling Probability" from a place to the other compared to northern areas. The north parts in place may be reduced by the presence of eastern CCZ were partly disturbed by military Geographical Barriers. Travelling probability can be trainings and frequent landmine explosions, while regarded as a permeability in porous media. south parts have been used for agricultural Presence of "Geographical Barriers" lowers the purposes. "Travelling Probability.” This index can be used as an "Index of travelling easiness.”

754. (Poster) Abandoned Brassica napus Occupied Part of 717. (Paper) Yongsan River Bed A Web-Based Expert System of East River Watershed in Korea for Conservation of Ecology Kim, Jong Min; Ecosystem Disturbance Division, and Environment National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo- Kim, Joon Hyun; Division of Geosystem and dong, Seo-Ku, Incheon, Korea. 032-560-7479 Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National [email protected] University, 192-1 Hyojadong, Chunchon,

Kangwondo 200-701 Korea. 82-33-250-6354 Fax Park, Jong Whan; Youngsan River Water Quality 82-33-254-6357 [email protected] | Recearch Lab, NIER, Korea, Environmental http://env1.kangwon.ac.kr Research Complex, Kyeongseo-dong, Seo-Ku,

Incheon, Korea. 032-560-7479 [email protected] Yakunina, Natalia; Division of Geosystem and

Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National Kwangju municipality started to cultivate B. napus in University, 192-1 Hyojadong, Chunchon, the riverside of the Youngsan river for scenic beauty Kangwondo 200-701 Korea. 82-33-250-6354 Fax in 1998. The planted area was about 10 ha along 82-33-254-6357 [email protected] | the river. B. napus vigorously invaded the riverbed http://env1.kangwon.ac.kr after cease of cultivation and expanded along the riverside. The whole riverside and riverbed above Choi, Doo San; Division of Geosystem and the water level, about 30 ha, is covered by B. napus Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National with little stands of other herbaceous species in University, 192-1 Hyojadong, Chunchon, spring. Vegetation on the riverside and reiverbed of Kangwondo 200-701 Korea. 82-33-250-6354 Fax Yougsan river at Kwangju had been composed of a 82-33-254-6357 [email protected] | variety of native herbaceous species with some http://env1.kangwon.ac.kr willow trees until B. napus replaced the existed vegetation extensively. A large amount of B. napus

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As one of the typical results of environmental as basin, surface and subsurface water, sewer, and disaster due to global warming, heavy local rainfalls sea can easily be analyzed without development of caused big problems in East River watershed, such a new model for each problem. The model has been as water pollution in water body, loss of local road combined with GIS so that pre- and post-processing and bridges and landslide from mountain. So, it is can be easily implemented. To prove the now an imperative task to construct central decision applicability of this Model, many conventional and prediction engine for the policy making and problems have been analyzed and a parameter project plan of the recovery works in Korean study was performed. The commercial product of government. The authors started the modeling work this model will come soon with the convenient of this watershed about 10 years ago, 1996, for the feature of GUI and visualization. All the relevant project of environmental impact assessment of systems will be offered by the web-based engine. proposed East River Dam. Since then, lots of robust results have been induced in the field of data survey, modeling, and GIS. All the works have been 678. (Paper) integrated as a web-based expert system of East Policies for Managing Urban Growth in the Seoul River watershed for the conservation of this area. Metropolitan Region This web-based expert system includes the sub systems such as follows: Kim, Jin Hwan; Department of Urban Planning, • Web-based knowledge acquisition system Cheongju University, 36 Naedok-Dong, Cheongju, for all the environmental, ecological status Chungbuk 360-764 Korea. 82-43-229-8274 and social status of East River watershed [email protected] • Web-based geographical information system Cho, Cheol Joo; Department of Urban Planning, • Web-based modeling system Cheongju University, 36 Naedok-Dong, Cheongju, Chungbuk 360-764 Korea. 82-43-229-8278 • Web-based monitoring system [email protected] The modeling system was built by using the newly developed model MFEMWASP and other In Korea, for the past several decades, urbanization conventional models such as SWMM. followed by rapid industrialization has concentrated over 90% of the national population in urban 716. (Paper) regions. This rapid growth of metropolitan regions A Web-Based Partial Differential Equation Solver has resulted in various problems such as as a General Modeling System for environmental pollution, traffic congestion, housing Environmental Problems shortage, destruction of resource areas and so on. Furtheremore, it has brought about the outward Kim, Joon Hyun; Division of Geosystem and expansion of urban areas, causing urban sprawl that Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National leads to the unplanned construction of housing and University, 192-1 Hyojadong, Chunchon, factories in the suburban region, resulting in the rise Kangwondo 200-701 Korea. 82-33-250-6354 Fax of housing prices, the destruction of resource lands 82-33-254-6357 [email protected] | and environmentally sensitive lands, the http://env1.kangwon.ac.kr deterioration of levels of public service, the degradation of the environment, etc. Han, Young Han; Division of Geosystem and Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National Under the rapid growth of urban regions, traditional University, 192-1 Hyojadong, Chunchon, measures of land use and development, such as Kangwondo 200-701 Korea. 82-33-250-6354 Fax zoning and subdivision controls and the planning of 82-33-254-6357 [email protected] | capital improvements, are proven inefficient to http://env1.kangwon.ac.kr manage the various problems mentioned above.

Choi, Doo San; Division of Geosystem and This study analyses the progress and status of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National urban sprawl in the Seoul Metropolitan Region, with University, 192-1 Hyojadong, Chunchon, priority given to image of the past and present. Kangwondo 200-701 Korea. 82-33-250-6354 Fax Based on this, it evaluates policy measures that 82-33-254-6357 [email protected] | have been used, and suggests a desirable urban http://env1.kangwon.ac.kr growth management policy.

A web-based partial differential equation solver (WPDES) was developed, which can be applied to 685. (Paper) various environmental problems. This general solver Prediction of Plant Communities Using Regional for partial differential equations was coded by using Climate Model in Korea multidimensional finite element method. The key concept of this code is that it consists of the Kim, Jae-Uk; Seoul National University, San 56-1, numerical modules for all the required derivative Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2-880- terms. Because of the highly object orient property 4885 [email protected] of the invented numerical scheme, the user only has to assemble the modules for the specific problems. Using this model, the environmental problems such

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Lee, Dong-Kun; Seoul National University, San 56-1, 689. (Paper) Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2-880- Cumulative Effects Assessments on Forest 4875 [email protected] Damages by Additional Housing Development Projects The effects of global warming are becoming more apparent on various parts of the world including Kim, Eun-Young; Seoul National University, San 56- dynamics in natural ecosystems. However, such 1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- research endeavors in Korea have made a very 880-4885 [email protected] limited progress. Lee, Dong-Kun; Seoul National University, San 56-1, With Korea’s complex geographic and topographical Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2-880- peculiarities, it does not use general circulation 4875 [email protected] model because of coarse resolution. Therefore, climate impact assessment studies in Korea need a Recently, the effects from reckless exploitation of Regional Climate Model (RCM) of an appropriate nature are increasing because most effects are resolution to incorporate the climatic peculiarities. caused by the aggregate of past, present, and future actions. Therefore, it has been important to assess The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it is to cumulative and comprehensive effects by additional predict the future distribution of forest vegetation development projects. using RCM. Secondly, it is to make a comparative analysis with predicted communities and present This paper concentrates on effects on forest communities in the Actual Vegetation Map. damage according to additional projects. The paper compares forest damages in two study areas: one The temporal scope of this study is 10 years, from is with only one housing development project, the 2041 to 2050. This study spatially incorporates other is with additional development projects. The forest communities of pine tree (Pinus densiflora), paper adopted two methods to assess the Mongolian oak (Quercus Mongolica), sub-alpine cumulative effects. First, it assessed the temporal vegetations, and evergreen broad-leaved forests in change of forest patch size and land cover. This Korea. paper detected the change of land cover/use from the forest before the development. Secondly, for The sub-alpine vegetations in Mount Jiri and Mount spatial analysis, the paper compared housing Seorak are predicted to shift the dominance toward development zones with the neighborhoods. In the Mongolian oak and the pine tree communities. In addition, for assessment of cumulative effects, the the identified vulnerable areas centering the paper estimated the cumulative effects pattern by southern and eastern coastal regions, the pine tree the degree of the change. community is likely to shift to evergreen broad- leaved forests. The result of the research appears that the damage is very serious, especially in small forests. It is assessed that the secondary housing development 718. (Poster) Optimum Slope Analysis Method projects did more harm than the initial one. In addition, the additional housing development

projects did more harm on forest damage than non- Kim, Ji Young; Korea Environment Institute, 613-5-2 additional housing project in neighborhood. Bulkwangdong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380-

7677 Fax 82-2-380-7744 [email protected]

692. (Paper) The result of slope analysis is one of the most An Integrated Information Management System important siting criteria in planning of projects of Surface, Subsurface, and Alternative Water especially of golf courses in the mountainous forest Resources region. However, the results of the analyses presented in PERS (Prior Environmental Review Kim, Joon Hyun; Division of Geosystem and Statements) and EIA Reports were variable. It is Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National easy to conclude intentionally that a proposed area University, 192-1 Hyojadong, Chunchon, is smooth enough for locating golf courses wherever Kangwondo 200-701 Korea. 82-33-250-6354 Fax they are. This study tried to formulate a 82-33-254-6357 [email protected] | standardized analysis method that produces http://env1.kangwon.ac.kr reasonable results. The calculated slope is in most cases lower than the real slope. A simple and Yakunina, Natalia; Division of Geosystem and enhance method of calculating slopes of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National geographical faces is suggested to verify existing University, 192-1 Hyojadong, Chunchon, methods. Comparative studies of slope analysis for Kangwondo 200-701 Korea. 82-33-250-6354 Fax various regions was accomplished to study effects 82-33-254-6357 [email protected] | of Unit Grid Size. The study confirmed that the http://env1.kangwon.ac.kr results of slope analysis is related to Unit Grid Size.

The results of this study suggests that optimum Unit Grid Size of less than or equal to 25m x 25m is adequate in most cases.

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Cho, Sung Hoon; Division of Geosystem and cumulative effects. First, it assesses the temporal Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National change of forest patch size and land cover. This University, 192-1 Hyojadong, Chunchon, paper detected the change of land cover/use from Kangwondo 200-701 Korea. 82-33-250-6354 Fax the forest before the development. Secondly, for 82-33-254-6357 [email protected] | spatial analysis, the paper compared housing http://env1.kangwon.ac.kr development zones with the neighborhoods. In addition, for assessment of cumulative effects, the This study is aimed at the development of a paper estimated the cumulative effects pattern by comprehensive information management system for the degree of the change. sustainable development of surface, subsurface and alternative water resources in Korea, which can be From the result of the research, it appears that the operated on the basis of the World Wide Web. The damage is very serious, especially in small forest. It overall objectives were accomplished through the is assessed that the secondary housing following four strategies: 1) All the relevant development projects did more harm than the initial international data were surveyed through one. In addition, the additional housing development construction of related knowledge from the Internet projects did more harm on forest damage than non- for topics such as Web-Based DB, GIS, Model, additional housing project in neighborhood. Monitoring and Control on the mobile web server (notebook). 2) The construction of the knowledge acquisition system on the mobile web server 642. (Paper) includes the following issues: combination of WT, The Environment Impact Assessment as an ET, and IT, Web-based information management element of a Social Corporate Responsibility and system control (Web-Based DB, GIS, Modeling, Concept: The Example of the BTC Oil Pipeline Monitoring and Control System), expert system. 3) The verification and commercialization strategy of Kirchgeorg, Manfred; Leipzig Graduate School of the final product were carried out by the comparison Management (HHL), Jahnalle 59, Leipzig, 04109 with the international products from the institutions Germany. +49 341 9851 680 of DHI, Delft, etc. with respect to numerical analysis, [email protected] parameters, GUI, visualization, integration with GIS, web based operation, and practicability. The Nickel, Elke; Consultant, Löhrstr.12, Leipzig, 04105 construction of international research institute for Germany. +49 178 351 0202 [email protected] this developed engine was being undertaken including nations such as Korea, Russia, America, A well-known example for a single pipeline entity is Japan, China and Europe. the Baku-Tiblisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline (BTC Co), a consortium headed by BP Amoco. On the financial, legal and technical level, but also in the context of 688. (Paper) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), these Cumulative Effects Assessments on Forest pipeline companies operate independently of any Damages by Addictive Housing Development corporate guidelines of the consortium members, Projects but have to adopt their own guidelines eventually. However, they are perceived as entities belonging to Kim, Eun-Young; Seoul National University, San 56- the company heading the consortium. Since these 1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- pipeline companies start their business with the 880-4885 [email protected] planning of the project, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) constitutes their first and most Lee, Dong-Kun; Seoul National University, San 56-1, obvious statement on social and environmental Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2-880- issues. 4875 [email protected] The CSR approach of the BTC Co in the Caucasus Oh, Kyu-Shik; HanYang University, 17 Haengdang- Region and Turkey is to be discussed, with special dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2-2220- recognition for the role of the EIA in the CSR 0336 [email protected] strategy of the pipeline consortium. The discussion will focus in particular on the goal of the leader of Recently, the effects by a reckless exploitation of the pipeline consortium, BP Amoco, to include the nature are increasing because most effects are EIA in the company’s CSR concept. We discuss the caused by the aggregate of past, present, and future interdependences between the CSR approach of actions. Therefore, it has been important to assess BTC Co and BP Amoco as well as opportunities, cumulative and comprehensive effects by the challenges and risks of that approach. addictive development projects.

This paper concentrated on effects on forest damage according to addictive projects. The paper compared forest damages in two study areas: one is where only one housing development project, the other is where addictive development projects. The paper adopted two methods to assess the

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361. (Paper) has impacted adversely on weather patterns, Applicability of Strategic Environmental biodiversity and agriculture in the country. Assessment (SEA) to Urban Planning in Japan In the recent past, the country was devastated by Kishita, Mizuo; Meisei University, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, consequences of drought, especially in the arid and Hino, Tokyo 1918506 Japan. +81-42-591-6212 semi-arid areas of the country. Economic [email protected] ramifications of such weather conditions always top the agenda of the governments and the people. Matsuyuki, Mihoko; Meisei University, 2-1-1 Utilization of meteorological information should Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo 1918506 Japan. +81-42- contribute to the mitigation of foreseeable adverse 591-5615 [email protected] impacts of weather on and ecological systems.

Nishiura, Sadatsugu; Meisei University, 2-1-1 This paper examines the role of meteorological Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo 1918506 Japan. +81-42- services in assessing impacts of development 591-9791 [email protected] projects on Kenya’s biodiversity and agriculture. It provides recommendations on how to make This study aims to clarify an applicability of Strategic meteorological services more accessible and usable Environmental Assessment (SEA) to urban planning in assessing and predicting impacts of development in Japan. A comprehensive urban plan (Master of agriculture and biodiversity. Plan) shall be prepared for each urban municipality. The Master Plan consists of spatial strategies and a structure plan of the whole municipality area and 714. (Paper) development plans of the municipal divisions. The Local Environmental Action Programme (LEAP) present Master Plan generally focuses on economic Succesful SEA for Local Planning and social aspects, and takes account of environment sometimes inadequately. We chose Kolhoff, Arend; Netherlands Commission for EA, A. Chigasaki-City, Kanagawa prefecture, as a case v. Schendelstreet 800, Utrecht, Utrecht Netherlands. study area, and tested whether the sustainability +31 30 2347 604 [email protected] principle as the basis of SEA can be introduced in making the Master Plan, and adequate public van Gent, Petrie; Netherlands Commission for EA, A. participation can be attained. Introduction of the v. Schendelstreet 800, Utrecht, Utrecht Netherlands. sustainability principle was found applicable if +31 30 2347 660 [email protected] geographic data on economic, social, and environmental sectors are prepared beforehand the Local Environmental Action Programme (LEAP) is a planning. Public participation was learned to be participatory decision support tool for local planning. adequately made if the municipal government It was developed in the nineties and mainly applied coordinates public meetings sufficiently before the in East European countries. Recently the tool has official urban planning meetings. Actual acceptance been successfully applied in the countries of the by the policy decision makers of the Master Plan Southern Caucasus and Central Asia. A conference which takes account of environment more heavily on LEAPs in December 2006 in Tbilisi, Georgia, may need some time, because land use control concluded that LEAPs are considered as a needs to be amended, particularly for the purpose of successful tool for local planning that is increasingly ecological preservation. used for regional planning as well. In some countries LEAPs have already become mandatory

158. (Paper) for district planning. An evaluation of LEAPs in the Impact Assessment of Kenya’s Biodiversity and Southern Caucasus country by the author showed Agriculture: Contributions of Meteorological that LEAPs could be considered as a Strategic Services Environmental Assessment inclusive type of planning. Nearly all SEA good practice principles Koech, Michael; Kenyatta University, Thika Road, are applied as part of the LEAP approach. The Nairobi, Nairobi 00100 Kenya. 254-020-600520 Fax lessons SEA practitioners can learn from the 254-020-608731 [email protected], experiences gained with LEAPS will be presented. [email protected]

354. (Paper) Kenya has an estimated 35,000 known species of Learning for Our Beloved River: HIA plants, animals and micro-organisms. Over the Applications in Tha Chin River years the country’s biodiversity has drastically declined with accelerated development programmes Kontes, Prachoen; We Love Tha Chin River Society, and activities. 1/768 Kradeed Sub-district, Kampangsaen, Nakhon Pathom, 73180 Thailand. 66-8-1880-0579 Fax 66- Kenya’s meteorological department is the custodian 34-383-781 [email protected] of the meteorological data that span many years. Lack of the utilization of this information in We Love Tha Chin River Society is a small civil development projects has led to devastating effects society organization which consists of families, on biodiversity and agriculture. Clearance of the schools, temples, and communities. Its objective is forest cover in Kenya to pave way for agriculture to raise social awareness in reviving Tha Chin River,

73 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - which has been one of the most polluted rivers in because of environmental degradation such as bad Thailand since 1983. In 2001 the Society joined HIA smells, dusts and noise, etc. training by Health System Reform Office and subsequently applied it to mobilize learning process The environmental aspects of the large-scale waste about water gates construction in Tha Chin River. treatment facilities including SUDOKWON landfill This helped to raise concerns and give equal and site are being assessed by the authorized just value to the issue. Such process was done environmental institutions every three years and continuously before it led to a public forum on health should make public the result of assessments. impacts from this policy, participated in by the Society and its network, and the Department of The environmentally-adverse-effect-zone of Irrigation which was the project's implementator. SUDOKWON landfill site had been recognized, The open debate finally caused the Government to particularly inside of 5km from the boundary line of cancel the project. the landfill site; nevertheless, since 1996 the legally recognized area is the inner part of 2km. Additionally, the Society and its allied local governmental organizations use HIA to advocate The research team of Yonsei University had healthy public policy, with the participatory approach reported that the environmentally-adverse-effect- and information sharing. This is to propose zone of SUDOKWON landfill site could be scaled alternatives for health promotion through down to the legally recognized 2km zone based on policymaking. The case of water management by the comprehensive environmental assessment Bangrakam Sub-district’s administrative authority is during 2004~2005. an outstanding example to be presented in the paper. 775. (Paper) Health in SEA of Spatial Planning: The Danish 496. (Paper) Guidance and Practice Environmental Assessment for the Large-Scale Waste Landfill Site in Seoul Metropolitan Area Kørnøv, Lone; Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 13, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark. +45 96358287 Koo, Jakon; Department of Environmental [email protected] Engineering, Yonsei University, 230, Wonju, Kangwon-do 200-710 Korea. 82 33 760 2393 Fax A wide range of factors within spatial planning can 82 33 760 2394 [email protected] | affect health. It is therefore an important scope for www.yiest.com SEA of spatial plans to protect and improve people’s health. Due to the EU Directive 2001/42/EC, health Lee, Muchoon; Department of Environmental has been made explicit in Danish legislation and Engineering, Yonsei University, 230, Wonju, guidance. The paper examines lessons with the Kangwon-do 200-710 Korea. 82 33 760 2393 Fax inclusion of health as a formal component in impact 82 33 760 2394 [email protected] assessment of spatial plans. First it reviews the Danish SEA guidance regarding the assessment of Kim, Younghwan; Department of Environmental the broader concept of environment. Secondly, Engineering, Yonsei University, 230, Wonju, based upon a documentary study of almost 100 Kangwon-do 200-710 Korea. 82 33 760 2393 Fax environmental reports and interviews with planners, 82 33 760 2394 [email protected] the paper analyses and discusses how health impact considerations are incorporated in SEA Lee, Kyounga; Department of Environmental practice. SEA’s successes and shortcomings of how Engineering, Yonsei University, 230, Wonju, to include health are discussed and suggestions for Kangwon-do 210-710 Korea. 82 33 760 2393 Fax institutional development are presented. 82 33 760 2394 [email protected]

Lee, Jungwoo; SUDUKWON Landfill Site 617. (Poster) Prioritization of Watershed Restoration Management Corporation, 58, Incheon, 404-706 Proposals Using Rapid Impact Assessment Korea. 82 32 560 9426 [email protected] Matrix

Lee, Hwakyun; SUDUKWON Landfill Site Management Corporation, 58, Incheon, 404-706 Kuitunen, Markku; University of Jyväskylä, Survontie Korea. 82 32 560 9426 [email protected] 9, Jyväskylä, Finland. +358142602301 [email protected] SUDUKWON waste landfill site, the largest waste landfill site in the world, has been operated from Shakib-Manesh, Tiina; University of Jyväskylä, 1992 for treatment of waste generated by 21 million Survontie 9, Jyväskylä, Finland. +358142602301 people living in Seoul and its vicinity. SUDUKWON [email protected] waste landfill site consist of four landfill sectors including #1 landfill sector that caused the dispute Hirvonen, Kimmo; University of Jyväskylä, Survontie with the local residents in the first half of the 1990s 9, Jyväskylä, Finland. +358142602301 [email protected]

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Jalava, Kimmo; University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9, This presentation will highlight work with Indigenous Jyväskylä, Finland. +358142604214 communities to build research capacity, integrate [email protected] western science with Traditional Knowledge and communicate findings. This study shows how Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) scoring system was used in the prioritization of the proposals for watershed 709. (Poster) restorations planned in Sotkamo area, Finland. A Sustainable Siting of Golf Courses in total of 39 project proposals were evaluated by an Mountainous Areas in Korea expert group of four members. The assumed impacts of the proposed projects were divided into Kwon, Young Han; Korea Environment Institute, six different categories and each category formed 613-2 Bulkwangdong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2- one prioritization criterion for assessment. The 380-7660 Fax 82-2-380-7744 [email protected] environmental impacts were considered as the impacts to the landscape, to the state of the natural Kim, Ji Young; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 environment and to hydrography. The social impacts Bulkwangdong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380- were assessed as the impacts to recreational use, 7677 Fax 82-2-380-7744 [email protected] fishing and economics. In addition the population around the proposed restoration sites and the costs There are demands and arguments over siting of of the projects were included in prioritization as two golf courses in mountainous areas in Korea. Sitings background criteria. The RIAM scoring was used in of golf courses have considered only a few comparing the impacts of the different projects and environmental aspects. Locating many golf courses the prioritization rank for each project was counted. in a limited area, application of conventional designs to mountainous areas and construction of golf courses without considering surrounding 435. (Paper) environments may give negative effects on Community Empowerment in Health Impact environments. Assessment

This study recommends environmental Kwiatkowski, Roy; Health Canada, 1913A - Jeanne considerations which may not be legally treated and Mance, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9 Canada. 001-613- provides policy measures to develop susatinable 952-2828 Fax 001-613-954-0692 golf courses. [email protected] Various regulations executed by different ministries This presentation will be of interest to individuals regarding golf course siting, which are lack of working in the areas of environmental, social and resonable background information, are difficult to health impact assessment integration; capacity apply, and are enforced redundantly, should be development; and/or Indigenous Peoples corrected or supplemented.

Health Canada has over a decade of experience in In case of overcrowded location of golf courses in a Health Impact Assessment (HIA). The four volume limited area, ecological corridors would be seriously Canadian Handbook on Health Impact Assessment damaged. Ecological diversity should be considered has been freely available on the Web even though particular endangered or protected (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh- species are not found in the proposed area. semt/pubs/eval/index_e.html) since 2005. The next phase is a Web-based training course on HIA within Since a tee, landing site, and the green are the most the mining sector to be available in 2008. important components in the golf courses, natural environment may be most properly peserved if More needs to be done, particularly with small, designers guarantee conservation area far more remote communities. Health Canada has focused than that suggested by regulation guideline. on improving community engagement in HIA by promoting community-based research (questions developed by the community, research conducted 44. (Paper) by the community, results disseminated and used by Environmental Changes and Human Health: the community for decision-making). Vulnerable Towards a New Approach populations within the community assess human health risks and impacts related to a development Laamari, Abdelali; National Institute of Agricultural project and devise contingency plans and Research, Dry Land Agricultural Research Center, adaptations strategies to address these risks and Settat, Settat 26000 Morocco. +21223729300 Fax impacts. Because the research is done by +21223729306 [email protected] | communities, they have greater capacity to develop [email protected] and disseminate their own culturally sensitive information on the health impacts of a development Ecohealth can be applied for the evaluation of the project, thereby enabling them to make better health level of the members of the rural communities decisions on how to protect their health. (or urban) and their well-being level in their socioeconomic and ecological context. How to secure a healthy environment through appropriate

75 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - natural resource management is a fundamental Emmelin, Lars; Blekinge Institute of Technology, question, particularly in rural areas. Applying Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Karlskrona, Blekinge innovative approaches that capture social, 371 79 Sweden. +46 455 385310 environmental and economic aspects is needed. [email protected] The usage of sewage water in agriculture is familiar in Morocco and its impact on health and ecosystem The infrastructure for the third generation of mobile components is evident. In the case of Mzamza, local telephony, UMTS, is under construction in Sweden. community in the Chaouia region has demonstrated Within three years, four operators were to build that sewage use has affected the quality of soil, competing systems to cover 99,98 % of the ground water, health and plants. The contribution of population. different disciplines and institutions was a challenge to success the project activities. The main objective The case of the 3G infrastructure illustrates how the of the project is to push local communities to better sustainability issues are handled in planning and mange its ecosystem and human health. In addition environmental management, with conflicting goals to the technical alternatives, institutional innovations between institutional levels and competing were elaborated in order involve the community legislation. At the national level, economic and more in the process of developing appropriate technological optimism and regional policy is in health and environment programs. conflict with environmental and sustainability goals. No SEA was made of the entire system. The infrastructure is assessed through one permit for 646. (Paper) each mast, at the local level, giving the Poverty and Inclusion of Indigenous Peoples administrative system an extreme challenge. There

are unexpected environmental and social impacts Lajoie, Ginette; Cree Regional Authority, 277, Duke as a result from the lack of comprehensive Street, Montréal, Qc H3C 2M2 Canada. 514-861- assessment. 5837 Fax 514-861-0760 [email protected]

Based on surveys of all local planning authorities, a Indigenous people’s involvement in hydroelectric regional sample of permit processes, and development in Canada: reinforcing their role in examination of legal cases, the paper examines the impact assessment by means of a new participatory outcomes of the fragmented assessment of the local mechanism at the design stage of a project. The permit process level: from a sustainability Crees (Eastern James Bay) gained in 1975 full perspective, what are emerging effects and representation in the environment review process by conflicts? An analysis of the potential of a means of permanent membership on panels comprehensive national SEA of the system to alongside government’s counterparts. In 2002, they uncover unsustainabilities will be made. signed an agreement with the state owned utility providing for the implementation of a participation and consultation mechanism in the early planning 346. (Paper) stage of a CDN$5 billion project. The purpose was Environmental Issues in Mining Sector of to circulate in the affected communities all relevant Vietnam and Application of the Environmental information on the project and its impacts, to relay to Management System a special joint committee the concerns of the communities regarding the project and to act as Le Dang, Hoan; Korea Vietnma Environmental facilitator during local public consultation and to Industry Cooperation Center, 30B Doan Thi Diem, keep informed the local authorities on the progress Hanoi, Hanoi, Viet Nam. 844-845-7515 Fax 844- of studies and the project design. 845-7515 [email protected]

This paper reports on the efficiency of this new The mining sector of Vietnam is, when considering mechanism. This study was carried out between the site and technology, rather poorly developed. 2003 and 2006 using interviews and questionnaires However, as the Vietnamese Economy is growing at to evaluate over time the familiarity of rapid rate, the mining industry is increasingly to hunters/trappers and local administrations with the become an important part of the country’s economy. agreement and ensuing mechanisms, the visibility of But the mining industry also has environmental the project newsletter and the satisfaction over the imparts. Environmental protection in the Vietnam proponents’ information activities. mining industry must therefore become an important

issue in the sustainable development strategy of 487. (Paper) Vietnam. Sustainable Development in Practice: Infrastructure for the Third Generation Mobile Environmental Management System is new in Telephone System in Sweden Vietnam. EMS has been applied as a national standard in Environmental Management (TCVN ISO Larsson, Stefan; Sociology of Law, University of 14004:1998, published in 1998 as “Environmental Lund, Box 42, Lund, Skåne 222 25 Sweden. +46 46 Management System-regulation and guidance.”). Up 222 7158 [email protected] | to now EMS is being applied in varied fields in www.soclaw.lu.se Vietnam. The paper contains:

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• General information of mineral resources and mining sector in Vietnam: Post-monitoring after EIA implementation is to • The environmental impacts caused by heighten the efficiency of consultation of EIA and mining activities: this can secure consultation of EIA in construction • Environmental Management System (EMS) site as a supplementation of EIA system. The post- and its application in Vietnam. monitoring is unique to only a few countries o The international EMS –ISO enforcing the system and Korea is one of those 14000 will be introduced in countries enacting a post-monitoring system as a general part of the EIA process. In Korea there are 150 EIA o Application of EMS in mining consultations per year and over 1,000 cases of post- areas of Vietnam. monitoring are currently in progress.

This study compares the current post-monitoring 704. (Paper) system in Korea with the standard UNEP EIA. The SEA of National Transport Planning cases of post-monitoring are mostly controlled by Dong-sung Engineering that is authorized by Lee, Mu Choon; Department of Environment government related organizations. First we Engineering, Yonsei University, 220-710, Wonju, analyzed the legitimacy of the post-monitoring Korea. 82 33 760 2393 [email protected] system based on the EIA regulation in Korea and compared the current system with UNEP EIA. Cho, Kong Jang; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2, Second we chose 13 topics from UNEP EIA to Seoul, Korea. 82 02 380 7777 [email protected] identify the current system in Korea and how those 13 items are well applied in the construction sites. In 1994 PERS (Prior Environmental Review System) was introduced to South Korea in order to We examined the common factors of UNEP manual conduct environment assessment on a planning and the application in post-monitoring system in level. As the PERS does not fulfill the conditions of a Korea, and sought for the problems of application in basic structure of a SEA, it had to change the EIA in Korea. fundamentally through changes of the Basic Environmental Policy Act in 2006. The new PERS has now the structural features of a SEA. In order to 390. (Poster) realize legal clauses of the new PERS, guidelines of Heat Wave and Its Health Impact in Korea road planning were ordered by the Korean Environment Ministry. Lee, Dae-Geun; Meteorological Research Institute, 460-18 Shindaebang-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156- This paper defintes important contents and methods 720 Korea. +82-2-846-2850 [email protected] of the guidelines and with that it tries to expose the characteristics in comparison to the EU SEA- Kim, Jiyoung; Meteorological Research Institute, Directive. 460-18 Shindaebang-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156- 720 Korea. +82-2-846-2850 [email protected]

640. (Paper) Choi, Byoung-Cheol; Meteorological Research Comparison of Post-Monitoring of EIA in Korea Institute, 460-18 Shindaebang-dong, Dongjak-gu, with UNEP EIA Training Resource Manual Seoul 156-720 Korea. +82-2-846-2850 [email protected] Lee, Choon-won; Dong-sung Engineering Cooperation, 138-6, Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon- In order to assess the impacts of heat waves on gu, Seongnam, Korea. 82-31-739-5640 Fax 82-31- human health, heat wave records were investigated 739-5603 [email protected] during the past 30 years (1971-2000). The result shows that occurrence, frequency and duration of Lee, Sang-don; Ewha University, Seodaemun-ku heat waves in Seoul have increased during the past Daehyun-dong 11-1, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-3277-3545 30 years. In addition, the increasing trend of the [email protected] frequency and duration clearly appears in late spring and early autumn as well as summer. The regional Yoon, Sung-hyun; Dong-sung Engineering acclimation effects of heat waves in major cities of Cooperation, 138-6, Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon- South Korea are also assessed. There was a gu, Seongnam, Korea. 82-31-739-5638 Fax 82-31- latitudinal acclimation effect, implying inhabitants 739-5603 [email protected] living in the higher latitudinal cities in Korea (for example, Seoul and Incheon) are more vulnerable Han, Sang-wook; Kwangwoon Graduate of to the enhanced heat stress or heat wave. During Environmental Studies, 447-1, Wolgye-Dong, the period of late June to early August of 1994, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-940-5086 Fax 82-2- episodic hot temperature was recorded in the East 918-5683 [email protected] Asia region. The climatic causes and impacts of the episode was also investigated. Health impact Kang, Sun-hong; Kwangwoon University, 447-1, assessment studies of heat waves in the large cities Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-940- located in mid latitude region of northern 5075 [email protected] hemisphere should be more clearly addressed

77 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - because heat wave is regarded as a major weather- Eco-Axis, Water Stream and Wind Corridors in order related disaster. to establish preservation zone that will take approximately 50% of the whole area. With

594. (Paper) guarantee of more than 50% of preservation zone, SEA and Integration of Development Planning the city will evolve into a balanced ecological city. and Environmental Planning in Korea The city aimed to be environmentally friendly so that it accommodates many human needs: ecological Lee, Jong Ho; Department of Urban Planning, preservation, natural resources preservation, and Cheongju University, 36 Naedok-Dong, Cheongju, convenient amenities. The study shows findings Chungbuk 360-764 Korea. +82-43-229-8279 Fax produced from impact analysis and suggests +82-43-229-8233 [email protected] strategies to alleviate adverse impacts.

Since 1981, EIA has been introduced in Korea, but project EIA can suggest only mitigation measures 650. (Poster) and a limited range of alternatives. Health Impacts of Economic Cycling: Implications for HIA in Resource-Based Therefore, Prior Environmental Review System Economies (PERS) has been introduced for environmental assessment of administrative plans and small scale Lee, Murray; University of California, Berkeley, 1418 development projects based on Framework Act on Grant St, Berkeley, CA 94703 United States. (510) Environmental Policy (FAEP) Amendments of 1999 524-4488 [email protected] with SEA introduced incompletely. Orenstein, Marla; Habitat Health Impact Consulting, FAEP Amendments of 2005 have added the 1932 25th Ave SW, Calgary, AB T2T 1A5 Canada. concepts of SEA such as expansion of kinds of (510) 524-4488 [email protected] administrative planning, the earlier timing, and public participation into PERS. But the SEA on Employment, income and wealth are well- development(urban) planning has still some established determinants of health and are problems. For the effectiveness of SEA, the commonly considered in Health Impact followings are required. Assessments. Increases in community employment and in personal income have generally been First, the strong linkage and integration of associated with better health outcomes. However, development planning and environmental planning little attention has been focused on the effects of the could be the implicit method of SEA free of Legal transition between periods of economic stagnation SEA. Second, the focus of SEA should shift from and economic vitality. The relationship between living environment to socio-economic environment. economic cycles and health does not necessarily Third, SEA had better be expanded to non-spatial or mirror the relationship between socio-economic policy and planning. Fourth, Total employment/income/wealth and health. Rather, Water and Air Pollution Load Management System economic cycling and the circumstances in which it should be included as a significant and substantial occurs are health determinants independent of standard or criteria. Finally, the inter-media or employment and income. For instance, evidence comprehensive environmental carrying capacity is has shown that contracting economies may be required for desirable SEA. associated with worse health outcomes than economies with greater--but stable--levels of chronic

676. (Poster) unemployment. At the same time, healthy Environmental Eco-Plan of Developing Multi- adaptations in the working population in response to functional Administrative City in Korea economic contraction may offset some negative health impacts arising from job loss. Understanding the complex relationship between economic cycles Lee, YoungSook; Korea Environment Institute, 613- and population health is of particular importance in 2, Bulkwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, Korea. assessing the health impacts in resource-based 02-380-7673 [email protected] economies or other communities that rely on a

single-source employer. This poster presents the Yoo, HeonSeok; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2, evidence and theory linking economic cycles to Bulkwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, Korea. 02- population health. The implications for the inclusion 380-7680 [email protected] of economic cycling within the scope of certain HIAs

are considered. The Korean government planned to build the multifuntional administrative city in the middle of Korea for decentralization of over-population in 768. (Paper) Seoul and its metropolitan areas and for efficient Environmental Impact Assessment for Waste land use. The idea to build the multifunctional Treatment Options administrative city was conceived as a symbol to showcase how a city can be environmentally inviting. Lee, Seung Hoon; Korea Environment Institute, 613- The Planning Committee and the PERS (Prior 2 Bulgwang-Dong, Seoul, Korea. 82 2 380 7753 Environmental Review System) Team analyzed [email protected]

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a formal planting in one part of target areas selecting and study process used to predict the environmental effect analysis, and effects as selecting of greening consequences of a proposed major development areas in the other part of regional vulnerability project. Waste treatment facilities can cause major evaluation and effect analysis. negative environmental impacts if not managed properly. This paper describes the application of life 588. (Poster) cycle assessment for evaluating various waste Water Quality and Contamination of management options in Korea. The impact Transboundary Watershed in Northern Mongolia assessment method by IWM-2 is carried out for comparing the potential environmental impacts of Lee, Young-Joon; Korea Environment Institute, 613- waste treatment methods. The key environmental 2 Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, 122-706 issues were evaluated to predict the impacts on Korea. +82-2-380-7763 Fax +82-2-380-7722 environment. In addition, mitigation measures and [email protected] | www.kei.re.kr monitoring plan were proposed to prevent or minimize any possible negative impacts. Yun, Seong-Taek; Korea University, 1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701 Korea. +82-2-3290- 715. (Paper) 3176 [email protected] | www.korea.ac.kr The Study of the Integrated Evaluation and Management System for the Artificial Ground Lee, Jeongho; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 Greening in Urban Area in Korea Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. +82-2-380-7682 Fax +82-2-380-7766 Lee, Dong-kun; Seoul National University, San 56-1 [email protected] | www.kei.re.kr Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-743 Korea. 82-2-880-4875 Fax 82-2-875-2276 Badarch, Mendbayar; Mongolian Nature and [email protected] Environment Consortium, P.O.Box 344, Ulaanbaatar, Sukhbaatar Duureg 210620 Mongolia. +976-11-354- Yoon, So-won; Seoul Metropolitan Facilities 272 [email protected] Management Corp., 540 Cheonggyecheon-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-2290-7111 The surface water quality in Northern Mongolia has [email protected] been examined in order to study the effect of human activities such as agriculture, cultivation and mining. Oh, Seung-hwan; Seoul National University, San Surface water samples were collected in October 56-1 Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-743 2005 and June 2006 and subsequent geochemical Korea. 82-2-880-4875 Fax 82-2-875-2276 analyses have been carried out. Relatively large- [email protected] sized rivers, especially the Tuul and Orkhon rivers, flow though the study area. They are merged to Jang, Seong-wan; Eco&Bio Corporation, 397-25 Selenge River in downstream area and eventually Songcheon-ri, Sudong-myeon, Namyangju, flow into Lake Baikal in Russia. Thus, there is a Gyunggi-do 472-852 Korea. 82-31-959-9260 possibility that some contaminants may influence [email protected] the environment of the Baikal watershed to cause a significant transboundary environmental problem. The artificial ground greening is regarded as an effective method for improving urban environment The result of analyses suggests that major dissolved and creating ecological places for people. In fact, constituents in surface waters are mostly derived there are many studies about the artificial ground from rock weathering. Mining activity accelerates greening, for example, rooftop greening, wall and weathering and the inflow of suspended particles. street planting etc. However, these studies are just Very high turbidity is one of the major concerns in focused on a case by case basis, not integrated this area, which is caused by strong erosion of river analysis which means integrating of the artificial banks in meandering river systems, overgrazing by ground greening and its effect evaluation (reducing animals, and human activities. Although water temperature, runoff treatment, economical effect, quality problem in geochemical aspect due to mining and ecological restoration etc.). The objective of this is not significant at present, it should be study is to develop the integrated evaluation and continuously examined to minimize the management system for the artificial ground transboundary movement of potential aquatic greening. We investigated existing artificial ground contaminants in the Selenge watershed greening areas, experimented and monitored about environment in Northern Mongolia along with reducing temperature and runoff, and evaluated conserving the Lake Baikal. regional environment. Finally, these data were developed the integrated evaluation and management system, and constructed database for the system. The integrated evaluation and management system consists of ‘target areas selecting and effect analysis’ and ‘regional vulnerability evaluation and effect analysis.’ A user can identify effects as selecting of types of soil and vegetation for rooftop greening, wall and street

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635. (Poster) Kim, Young Ha; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 The Application of Integrated Assessment Bulgwang-Dong EunypongGU, Seoul, 122-706 System for Urban Sustainable Development Korea. +82-2-380-7762 Fax +82-2-380-7744 [email protected] Lee, Woo Sung; Department of Landscape Architecture, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Park, Jin Hee; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701 Korea. Bulgwang-Dong EunypongGU, Seoul, 122-706 +82-53-950-5783 [email protected] Korea. +82-2-380-7673 Fax +82-2-380-7744 [email protected] Jung, Sung Gwan; Department of Landscape Architecture, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Korea has two types of environmental assessment Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701 Korea. systems, that is, preliminary environmental review +82-53-950-5783 [email protected] system (PERS) and environmental impact assessment (EIA). The ultimate purpose of PERS Park, Kyung Hun; Department of Environmental and EIA is environmentally sound and sustainable Engineering, Changwon National University, 9 development (ESSD). There is the hygiene and Sarim-dong, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773 public health part in EIA; however, our Korea. +82-55-279-7567 [email protected] environmental system does not consider health impact resulted from development efficiently. You, Ju Han; Institute of Industrial Technology, Changwon National University, 9 Sarim-dong, So, health impact assessment (HIA) has been a Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773 Korea. +82-53- new topic in the environmental assessment system 950-5783 [email protected] of Korea recently. Furthermore, in order to test applicability of HIA to Korea, a comprehensive study Kim, Kyung Tae; Department of Landscape on HIA has been launched after the 26th IAIA Architecture, Kyungpook National University, 1370 international conference at Norway. Principal Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701 Korea. expected results of the study are as following: +82-53-950-5783 [email protected] 1. Purpose: Support for decision-making The purpose of this study is to develop the 2. Health Determinants: Personal (age, sex, integrated urban indicators, and to assess the gene), Physical (air quality, noise, soil, sustainability in 45 cities of all over Gyeongsangnam water quality, waste, accident etc), Socio- and Buk-do in Korea. First of all, the indicator economic (employment, income, education, systems were developed base on "field," "section," community segregation, crime, etc.), "item" and "detailed indicator.” The fields were Approach to social services (hospital, classified into four categories; environment, school, park, leisure facility, police station, economy, society-institution and quality of life(QQL). etc.) And these indicator systems had 19 sections, 50 3. Implementation: Integration with EIA items, and 106 detailed indicators in 4 fields. 4. Characteristic: Prospective According to the assessment results of the 5. Type: Mini, Intermediate, Comprehensive sustainability of study area, Tongyeong had the highest score (82.5) in the environmental Moreover, in order to prepare effective HIA sustainability index. In the economical sustainability implementation in Korea, health impact statement index, Pohang, Gumi, Changwon, and Yangsan for industrial complex development and waste scored more than 79 points. Ulsan, Geoje, Yangsan treatment facilities like incinerator, landfill site in the society-institutional sustainability index and operation has been made. Jinju, Munkyeong, Changnyeong showed higher in the QOL sustainability index had higher scores than other cities. In case of Jinju, which had the highest 684. (Paper) sustainability in QOL, was assessed to have the Building of Web-Based Information System for highest score of integrated sustainability index, Environmental Impact Assessment of Korea while Ulsan had the lowest score. Lee, Jeongho; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2, It is concluded that the proposed indicator system Bulgwang-Dong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. +82-2-380- can provide the useful assessment tool for an urban 7682 [email protected] sustainability and support a decision-making role for sustainable urban planning. Park, Gwang-Ho; Ministry of Environment, Government Complex-Gwacheon, Gwacheon,

398. (Paper) Gyeonggi-Do 427-729 Korea. -82-2-2110-6716 Health Impact Assessment in Korea [email protected]

Lee, Young Soo; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 Jung, Eui Sung; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2, Bulgwang-Dong EunypongGU, Seoul, 122-706 Bulgwang-Dong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. -82-2-380- Korea. +82-2-380-7657 Fax +82-2-380-7744 7761 [email protected] [email protected]

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Hong, Jeong-Hwa; National Information Society sophisticated. There are several attributes of Agency, NCA Bldg. 77, Mugyo-Dong, Seoul, 100- microclimate impact due to skyscraper construction, 775 Korea. +82-2-2131-0137 [email protected] such as building wind, solar radiation blocking, etc. Particularly, the building wind impact assessment Yoon, Jeong-Ho; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2, has not been done properly. Therefore, this study Bulgwang-Dong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. +82-2-380- aims to assess the building wind impact properly 7662 [email protected] before construction. For this, wind speed and direction are measured by anemometer in the field, Jeong, Won-Mo; National Information Society and simulation results were derived using the Agency, NCA Bldg. 77, Mugyo-Dong, Seoul, 100- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model.The 775 Korea. +82-2-2100-4425 [email protected] ultimate goal of this study is to figure out the phenomena of building wind impact and also to The official name of the system is 'Environmental provide essential basic data for establishing proper Impact assessment supporting system (EIASS).' All guidelines in building wind impact assessment for the files and database contents are written in skyscrapers in Seoul. Korean. The system website composed of English will be prepared soon. This system is now working at http://eiass.go.kr. 771. (Paper) Evaluating Microclimatic Impact Assessment of The KMEV and KEI started to build web-based High-Rise Buildings in Korea system for construction of comprehensive information database of environmental impact Lee, Kyoo-seock; Sungkyunkwan Univ., Dept. of assessment in Korea, funded by NIA. The purpose Landscape Arch., Suwon, 440-746 Korea. 82-31- of this system building is to make computerized 290-7845 [email protected] database of the information of past EIA projects such as the text of EISs and various research data Chahng, Eun-Soo; Sungkyunkwan Univ., Dept. of for EIA, and to provide these database to the public, Landscape Arch., Suwon, 440-746 Korea. 82-31- government officials, and project developers for 290-7845 [email protected] helping them to reuse past EIA data and to estimate the feasible status and environmental impacts about Kim, Jae-cheol; Sungkyunkwan Univ., Dept. of the developing projects in the future. Landscape Arch., Suwon, 440-746 Korea. 82-31- 290-7845 [email protected] In this system, more than 3,000 of past EISs and EIA agreement results, which are scanned and Since the late 1990s, lots of high-rise building have converted to PDF files with bookmarks, are included. been built in Korea. This creates many project outlines, details of environmental protection micrometeorological impacts due to turbulence from near project sites, and various environmental quality nearby high-rise buildings. Thus, it needs careful measurement results were extracted from the PDF and accurate impact assessment for keeping the files of EISs and converted to database format. quality of life of residents who live in high-density These database can be searched in the system as developed urban areas. However, the Ministry of GIS-based GUI. Environment does not provide adequate environmental impact assessment (EIA) guidelines. Many developers should spend quite a time on Only the Seoul City Government provides the completion of the EIS during project planning. Using guideline. In this study, the current guideline has this system, The authors would expect active been reviewed, and applied in a real situation. Then reference of past EIA database, time reduction for the results were investigated to figure out how EIA completion of EIS, and effective balance between has been done. Therefore, the purpose of this study environmental preservation and development. is to evaluate the current EIA guideline and to propose the adequate EIA guideline in Korea.

570. (Paper) Building Wind Impact Assessment of 696. (Paper) Management of Korean Biological Resources for Skyscrapers in Seoul, Korea Access Regulation and Benefit-Sharing

Lee, Kyoo-seock; Sungkyunkwan University, Dept. of Landscape Arch., Suwon, 440-746 Korea. 82-31- Lee, Hyun-Woo; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 290-7845 [email protected] Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2- 380-7768 [email protected] Many skyscrapers have been constructed for residential use in Seoul since the late 1990s. In The Convention on Biological Diversity has particular, there are nine skyscrapers with height of authorized national sovereignty over biological more than 160 meters within one block in Gangnam- resources so that legislative framework should be gu, located in the southeast of Seoul. In this block, established. In biological resources management, the height of the tallest building, Towerpalace III, is the access to biological resources and the benefit 264m. It is obvious that skyscrapers tend to make sharing arising out of their utilization are the two influences on urban microclimates; however, the most important steps. Bonn guidelines adopted by microclimate impact assessment needs to be more the 6th COP of the Convention contain PIC (Prior

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Informed Consent) and MAT (Mutually Agreed Lee, Myung-woo; Dept. of Landscape Architecture Terms) indespensable to implement the access and Jeonbuk National Univ., Deokjindog 1ga deokjingu, benefit-sharing process. Korean laws related to PIC Jeonju, 560-756 Korea 063-270-2598 and MAT include Wildlife Protection Act, Seed [email protected] Industry Act, Ocean Ecosystem Conservation Act, and etc. Among these acts, the Seed Industry Act Engineering techniques for naturalizing stream works well but the other acts do not have practical corridors were introduced to restore the destructed regulation regarding on PIC and MAT. Therefore, stream to its natural status in the early 1990s. Korean national regulation on these issues should Stream restoration projects have been carried out be revised. For example, Wildlife Protection Act especially for reconstructing ecological which contains the list of biological resources environments. However, these projects have been required export permit still does not have access mainly focused on human-based facilities. regulation for foreigners. In this meeting, the Eventually these restoration projects failed to keep development direction and improvement way for the appropriate natural characters because human- Korean biological resources for access regulation oriented facilities were over-introduced, such as will be discussed. features of general public parks. In the stream restoration project, a balanced application between

686. (Paper) ecological restoration and appropriate attention for Deforestation Patterns Analysis of the the human-using structures could be one of the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range, Korea critical themes, which could be issued through post occupancy evaluation.The Jeonju-cheon project has been performing since 1998, during which time an Lee, Dong-kun; Seoul National University, San 56-1 annual ecological monitoring program has been Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-743 Korea. executed. Therefore, this research is going to 82-2-880-4875 Fax 82-2-875-2276 provide the practical planning guidance. The first [email protected] phase is to evaluate the effects on the eco-stream

project by analyzing the biological and hydrological Song, Won-kyong; Seoul National University, San factors such as fishes, vegetation and water quality. 56-1 Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-743 The second is to survey and analyze the Korea. 82-2-880-4885 Fax 82-2-875-2276 characteristics of human-used space through [email protected] investigation on density and preference by means of

a questionnaire survey and site observation. The The Baekdudaegan Mountain Range is a backbone third is to propose the planning guidelines for of the Korean Peninsula which carries special appropriate restoration. spiritual and sentimental signatures for Koreans as well as significant ecological values for diverse organisms. However, in spite of the importance of 563. (Paper) this region, the forest of Baekdudaegan has been Establishment of Park and Green Areas for the damaged in a variety of human activities by highland Development Projects of Residential Areas vegetable growers, etc. The goal of this study is to quantitatively analyze the forest damage in the Lee, Sang-Don; Ewha Womans Univ, Daehyun- Baekdudaegan preservation region through land dong 11-1 Seodaemun-Ku, Seoul, 120-750 Korea. cover classification and change detection by using 82-2-3277-3545 Fax 82-2-3277-3274 satellite images, which are 1980s and 1990s [email protected] Landsat TM and 2000s Landsat ETM+. The analysis was executed by detecting land cover changed Kim, Sung-ok; Ewha Womans Univ, Daehyun-dong areas from forest to other and analyzing changed 11-1 Seodaemun-Ku, Seoul, 120-750 Korea. 82-2- areas’ spatial patterns. Through the change 3277-3774 [email protected] detection analysis based on land cover classification, we found out that the deforested areas were To achieve the sustainable development for the 21st approximately three times larger after the 1990s century it is necessary to consider the than from the 1980s to the 1990s. These areas were environmental conservation in advance. In Korea related to various topographical and spatial every project with over a certain size it is necessary elements, altitude, slope, the distance form road, to consider the environmental plan first and and water system, etc. This study has the development plan should be followed. This should significance as quantitative and integrated analysis be in practice as a form of preliminary environmental about the Baekdudaegan preservation region since assessment and EIA. 1980s. These results could actually be utilized as basic data for Baekdudaegan forest conservation It is also important to secure green areas when the policies and management. development project is launched so that habitat for flora and fauna should be preserved for the common wealfare of human being and living organisms. This 403. (Paper) is especially true in the urban areas. Post Evaluation on the Biological Habitat and the Human Using Structures after Natural This paper considers the importance of securing Restoration of Jeonju-cheon, South Korea green areas as a form of parks and forests. In

82 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - residential development projects it is required to Environmental planning is essential to develop and secure certain amount of green areas. be in harmony of society and environment. Environmental planning is based on the This paper considers the factors for the residential Environmental Policy Act and it should be areas in terms of scale, number of residents, green formulated at stated intervals. At present areas per person, and evaluates the amount of environmental planning is constructed to the system securing green areas. To see the % of green areas and substance which are difficult to cope with depending on spatial and temporal trends, we economic development pressure. Therefore, the applied linear regression model. evolution of environmental planning needs to be introduced.

690. (Paper) This paper suggests the necessity of the novel plan Landscape Ecological Assessment of the New based on environmental planning in Korea, which Urban Development on Regional Landscape can analyze the environmental planning system and Connectivity figure out the issue present planning. And, we will present the evolution of environmental planning Lee, Sangbum; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 which include spatial, ecological and technological Bulgwangdong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2-380- respects in the basis of the principle of Kangwon- 7684 [email protected] do`s environmental planning.

In Korea, new urban development is planned with regional spatial planning to minimize the negative 592. (Paper) Energy and Products from Agricultural Biomass: effect of the new urban development, but there are Prospects and Issues significant difficulties to analyze the effect of the new urban development on regional landscape connectivity. Leistritz, F. Larry; North Dakota State University, Morrill Hall 217, Fargo, ND 58105 United States. This study suggests to adopt a landscape ecological 701-231-7455 Fax 701-231-7400 methodology to quantify the regional landscape [email protected] connectivity in the regional spatial planning and to monitor the landscape connectivity change along Senechal, Donald M.; The Windmill Group, 4208 with the urban development. The land use/land 10th Lane NE, Drake, ND 58736 United States. 701- cover map is used as a primary dataset in this study 465-3200 [email protected] and is analyzed by using GIS. This study analyzes the vegetation patches of the study area and then Hodur, Nancy M.; North Dakota State University, ranks each patches based on its area and distance Morrill Hall 217, Fargo, ND 58105 United States. to the nearest vegetation patch. 701-231-7357 Fax 701-231-7400 [email protected] The result of this study shows the feasibility of the landscape ecological assessment of the new urban Recent changes in world energy markets have led development at the landscape scale by using LULC to heightened awareness of dependence on foreign map and GIS. Although the methodology tested in supplies of petroleum, both in the U.S. and in many this study is needed to be refined to apply in the other developed and developing countries. field, the methodology would be a useful tool for EIA Concerns about foreign oil costs and supply to analyze the effect of a suggested development dependability are leading to revived interest in plan and SEA to evaluate the alternatives of a alternative energy sources. One of the sources that regional spatial plan. has attracted particular interest is biofuels derived from agricultural biomass. Environmental concerns also support renewed interest in renewable energy 520. (Paper) sources. The Evolution of Environmental Planning for Korea's Local Government The recent growth of the U.S. ethanol industry demonstrates the potential of biofuels. From an Lee, Do Kyung; Department of Environment annual production of less than 1 billion gallons in Engineering, Yonsei University, maejiri, wonju, 1990, ethanol production has grown to 4.9 billion kangwon Korea. 82-011-9879-1926 gallons in 2006. However, corn supply will likely limit [email protected] ethanol’s role in U.S. energy markets. If bioenergy is to expand its role in national energy markets, a Lee, Mu Choon; Department of Environment broader resource base and corresponding Engineering, Yonsei University, maejiri, wonju, processing technologies are clearly needed. kangwon Korea. 82-010-3912-2443 [email protected] This paper reviews potential sources of biomass, including agricultural residues and dedicated energy Hong, Min Ho; Department of Environment crops. Biomass conversion technologies also are Engineering, Yonsei University, maejiri, wonju, discussed. The concept of a multi-product kangwon Korea. 82-016-845-0571 biorefinery using agricultural residue (specifically [email protected] wheat straw) as feedstock is examined, and some of

83 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - the economic development and environmental integrated into an environmental impact assessment implications of an emerging bio-based economy are for a proposed pipeline project and how knowledge examined. and lessons learned are transferred through all stages of the pipeline life cycle.

666. (Paper) Focus on Asia. Difficulty and the Possible 453. (Paper) Conservation Approach of Conservation in EIA Effect Analysis of the Industrial Policy of of Project in China Shandong Province

Liang, Xuegong; Appraisal Center for Environment Lijun, Ren; Shandong University, 27 Shanda South and Engineering, No. 8 Dayangfang, Anwai, Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100 China. 086-0531- Beiyuan, Beijing, 100012 China. 86-10-84933926 88366097 Fax 086-0531-88364513 Fax 86-10-84918954 [email protected] [email protected]

The current status of the biodiversity conservation in Jianchun, Wang; Zhonglu Appraisal Center for EIA in China is analyzed. We find that the Environment and Engineering of Shandong biodiversity conservation is too difficult to be Province, 112 Jiefang road, Jinan, Shandong implemented in construction projects because of the 250013 China. 086-0531-86973832 Fax 086-0531- investing mechanism, the limited period of EIA, the 86973832 [email protected] lack of conservation knowledge, and professional and post assessment of environment impact. It is Cunchao, Yuan; Shandong University, 27 Shanda pointed out that the possible conservation approach South Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100 China. 086- may be enhancing SEA, executing the law strictly, 0531-88366097 Fax 086-0531-88364513 perfecting the guideline and enhancing technical [email protected] training and communication. As one of the most significative economical policies, industrial policy is of high intensity of investment and 438. (Paper) resource exploitation and relates to many factors Informing the Environmental Impact with wide impacts. The article analyzes the effects Assessment of Major Pipeline Projects Through of different periods since our country’s setup from the Use of Environmental Management Systems the angles of economic, society and environment. Information Conclusion shows that the misplay of heavy industrial policy before innovation and opening not Lien, Kent; National Energy Board, 444 7 Ave SW, only led to lower social and economical benefits, but Calgary, Alberta T2P 0X8 Canada. 403-299-2762 those industries of lower technology and small scale Fax 403-292-5503 [email protected] | www.neb- also consumed more resource and energy. The one.gc.ca consumption of energy doubled by 21 times till the year 1978, at the same time more contaminations Colosimo, Ken; National Energy Board, 444 7 Ave entered the system of water and atmosphere. SW, Calgary, Alberta T2P 0X8 Canada. 403-292- Though it worked actively to the economic after the 4926 Fax 403-292-5503 [email protected] country’s innovation and opening, however, its | www.neb-one.gc.ca effects to environment was negative and pollution became more serious as time flowing. In the year The National Energy Board of Canada is a federal 1996, there was a redress to the industrial policy, regulatory tribunal overseeing all aspects of the but the most important is that the economic of construction and operation of major hydrocarbon Shandong Province is rude, and mainly bases on transmission pipelines, including environmental investment and resource exploitation, so the protection. The Board’s regulatory approach is to establishment and optimization of industrial policy is minimize regulatory burden while maintaining a high what we should resolve urgently. standard of environmental protection. To achieve this, the NEB is working toward implementing a 424. (Paper) flexible, risk-based regulatory approach in which Environmental Impact Assessment in processes fit the scope and range of applications it Peacekeeping Missions- Challenges and receives. The NEB requires its regulated companies Opportunities to develop and implement environmental management systems relating to all aspects of their Liljedahl, Birgitta; Swedish Defence Research business. In evaluating the companies’ compliance, Agency, Cementvagen 20, Umea, SE-901 82 the NEB undertakes formal audits of these systems Sweden. +4690106600 Fax +4690106800 to ensure they are appropriately developed, [email protected] | www.foi.se maintained and implemented. The Board has recently initiated changes to its regulatory processes Waleij, Annica; Swedish Defence Research Agency, to utilize companies’ management system Cementvagen 20, Umea, SE-901 82 Sweden. information collected during the audits to enhance +4690106600 Fax +4690106800 its application and assessment processes. This [email protected] paper will discuss how information collected during an environmental management systems audit is

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Olsson, Svante; Swedish Armed Forces, The poster focuses on: Lidingovagen 24, Stockholm, SE-107 85 Sweden. • Training Programmes as a tool for +4687887500 [email protected] EIA/SEA capacity building (approaches, contents, participants, networking) Doran, Russ; United Nations Department of • Examples of post-training activities and Peacekeeping Operations, Nr 1 UN Plaza, New results, internationally and in China. York, United States. +1917 367 5050 [email protected]

581. (Poster) Military peacekeeping operations in post conflict EIA and SEA Capacity Building in Developing regions face different challenges, one of them being Countries the need for adjustment in mission planning to ensure that the operation will strengthen, not Lindemark, Helena; Ramboll Natura, Kapellgrand 7, hamper, the often fragile environment in the host Stockholm, SE-102 65 Sweden. +46 8 615 65 96 nation. Fax +46 8 702 19 14 [email protected] | www.rambollnatura.se In a cooperation between United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations The poster presents Ramboll Natura's experiences (UNDPKO) and Sweden, operative tools for from development cooperation within the natural managing environmental issues in UN deployments resource sector and institutional capacity building, have been suggested. The bases for the with focus on EIA and SEA capacity building in cooperation were the recently developed UN developing countries. Ramboll Natura carries out Environmental Policy and Environmental Guidelines. EIA and SEA capacity building both at the global, regional and local level. Services include: Efforts to develop a generic template for a Development of EIA/SEA Guidelines; Legislation; practicable “Peacekeeping Environmental Human Resource Development and Training; and Assessment” have been made. For doing that, the support to the implementation of EIA/SEA, more traditional methodologies for Environmental monitoring and auditing and review of EIAs. The Impact Assessment (EIA), Rapid Environmental poster will highlight the following examples of Assessment (REA) and Strategic Environmental programmes and projects: Assessment (SEA) were studied. In order to assess the possibility for implementation in the field, United • Advanced International Training Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) was selected for Programmes on EIA and SEA, since 1998, a pilot study, which included a fact finding trip. A sponsored by the Swedish International vital tool for presenting and communicating the Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) results has been Geographical Information Systems GLOBAL (for EIA/SEA professionals from (GIS). Asia, Africa, Latin America and South Eastern Europe), REGIONAL for South The overall results from this work will hopefully be Eastern Europe and BILATERAL for China; implemented in UN future work in this area. • Vietnam: Strengthening Environmental Management and Land Adminitration

583. (Poster) (SEMLA) – Improved capacity at national, EIA and SEA Training Programmes provincial and local levels to address pollution and other environmental issues Lindemark, Helena; Ramboll Natura, Kapellgrand 7, and to provide efficient land administration Stockholm, SE-102 65 Sweden. +46 8 615 65 96 services; • Fax +46 8 702 19 14 [email protected] | Laos: Strengthening Environmental www.rambollnatura.se Management –Building of central and local institutional capacity, improvement of The poster presents Ramboll Natura's experiences environmental data collection and with EIA/SEA Training Programmes as a tool for management, and integration of EIA/SEA capacity building in developing countries. environmental management in planning for The programmes have been conducted since 1998, sustainable development; and are financed by the Swedish International • Tanzania: District Development Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). Ramboll Programme (DDP) – Build the capacity of Natura develops and implements: the local administrative structures. • Global training Programmes on EIA/SEA; • Bilateral Training Programmes for China, in 568. (Paper) collaboration with the Chinese State The World Bank's Pilot Program on Institutions- Environmental Protection Administration Centered SEA (SEPA); • Regional Training Programmes for South Loayza, Fernando; World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Eastern Europe, in collaboration with the Washington DC, 20433 United States. 202 458 Regional Environmental Center for Central 7117 Fax 202 477 0565 [email protected] | and Eastern Europe (REC). www.worldbank.org

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Institutions-centered SEA is an approach to of services placed constraints on the quality of life of incorporate environmental and social considerations residents and ability of the area to attract investment in policy and sector reform. The SEA task team of and residents. Overall, the capacity of the the OECD DAC, the World Bank and other community to deal with any downturn in mining institutions have generated knowledge that indicates would be limited. Continued mining development that influencing policy for sustainability and equity has placed additional pressures on existing services requires a much more thorough understanding of and increased the exposure of residents to criminal political economy factors and institutional settings. and anti-social behaviour. This approach recognizes that benefits and costs of policies and sector reforms, particularly environmental and social costs, are usually 788. (Paper) externalized to vulnerable stakeholders affecting Environmental and Social Risk Management at society at large. Consequently, it emphasizes the Citi need for giving voice and influence in policy making to weak and vulnerable stakeholders through Lowrance, Courtney; 1-212-816-5299 enhancing transparency, public participation, [email protected] accountability and social learning. To test this approach the World Bank has established a pilot Citi’s Environmental and Social Risk Management program that provides grants in selected sectors, (ESRM) Policy was designed to effectively manage countries and regions in which the Bank is operating. environmental and social risks related to Along with supporting client countries' efforts to transactions where the use of proceeds is known. achieve sustainable development, the program's The Policy provides a framework to ensure that Citi objective is to draw lessons from these pilots on finances projects that are complying with methods and processes for effective I-SEA. In this international environmental and social standards. presentation the main features of the program will The ESRM Unit, which is led by a director and be analyzed and preliminary results wiil be includes a vice president and analyst, serves as a discussed. technical resource and counsel for Senior Credit Officers and is responsible for review, advice, and

335. (Paper) consultation on new transactions across the Assessing Community Views About Mining Corporate and Investment Bank. To ensure that Town Developments Using the Choice Modelling projects in the emerging markets comply with IFC Technique and World Bank standards, the ESRM Unit may provide the following technical assistance to bankers: Stage 1 (Greenlight/Marketing) – Advise Lockie, Stewart; Central Queensland University, bankers on screening and categorization of North Rockhampton, Rockhampton, Queensland transactions and the incorporation of environmental 4702 Australia. 61(7) 4930 6539 and social requirements in the term sheet; Stage 2 [email protected] (Due Diligence) – Prepare a scope of work for

Environmental Impact Assessments; Review Rolfe, John; Central Queensland University, North Environmental Impact Assessments and assist in Rockhampton, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702 the preparation of an Action Plan to meet the IFC Australia. 61(7) 4923 2132 [email protected] and World Bank standards; Stage 3 (Credit

Approval) – Advise bankers on the incorporation of Ivanova, Galina; Central Queensland University, appropriate representations, warranties, and North Rockhampton, Rockhampton, Queensland covenants to be included in the loan documentation. 4702 Australia. 61(7) 4930 9386 [email protected]

Two SIA studies of Queensland’s Coppabella coal 251. (Poster) Economic and Environmental Impacts of Rural mine were undertaken in 2002/03 and 2006/07; the Electrification Using Household Photovoltaic period between studies coinciding with a boom in Systems in Brazil world coal prices and the development of several more mines in the immediate area. The first study found that after four years of operation Coppabella Machado, Hugo; COELBA, Av. Edgard Santos n. had generated significant changes in the 300- Narandiba, Salvador, Bahia 41181-900 Brazil. surrounding, predominantly rural, communities. 55 71 3370 5836 [email protected] While some changes were regarded by long-term residents as desirable, the community was failing to Marchesini Ferreira, Sandra Neusa; COELBA, Av. realise economic development and diversification Edgard Santos n. 300- Narandiba, Salvador, Bahia opportunities that had been expected to accompany 41181-900 Brazil. 55 71 3370 5852 Fax 55 71 3370 mining. Employment was increasingly concentrated 5142 [email protected] in mining as availability and affordability of housing in the area declined. Labour shortages were Costa de Assis, Antônio Augusto; COELBA, Av. experienced in other industries along with a net loss Edgard Santos n 300 Narandiba, Salvador, Bahia of women and children from the community. 41181-900 Brazil. 55 71 3370 5761 Education levels were low. Jobs were concentrated [email protected] in the semi-skilled and unskilled categories. A lack

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Coelba has installed PSE in 5,500 homes and improved standards of living requires correcting another 25,000 will be connected by 2008. These unsound developments. Cross-examination of users are registered and receive monthly electricity government development plans and efforts in one bills. This is a significant step in the history of rural case study, Kenya, does not indicate recognition of electrification in Brazil as it represents a break from the problem, especially for urban areas. the prevailing paradigm. For the first time an electricity distribution company has taken on board The paper focuses first on the definition of non-land solar photovoltaic technology in its planning for the use planning and non-land use planning correction; universalization of electricity in its area. second, on persuading governments to acknowledge and own the problem; then, research The state of Bahia covers 567,000 km2 and in 2002 focuses on interesting Sub-Saharan governments, there were approximately 430,000 rural households overwhelmed by higher priority issues, to turn in the state without electricity. serious attention to land use planning. Finally, the study suggests a lucid description to governments, Recent legislation in Brazil obliges concessionaries of the problem, answers on incentives to to universalize the public service of electricity supply. governments plus benefits of land-use planning, and This is a very costly business given that most of the suggestions of frameworks for action and market which has not been reached is found in rural implementation time plans for. areas where the costs of conventional service supply are high due to the greater distances the This paper spotlights government responsibility in networks have to cover, the wider distribution of the sustainable development, particularly in land use consumers and the low consumption profile of the planning, and describes and discusses these users. challenges and their background. Solutions emphasize responsibility for correction and roles for Coelba has chosen photovoltaic solar energy (PSE) different interested parties. as an environmental and economical alternative solution and proposed its use on a large scale. A research carried out by the University of Salvador in 603. (Paper) 2003 demonstrated that most of the clients provided Involving Canada's Indigenous Peoples in with this type of energy were very satisfied. Environmental Assessment: Co-management through the Mackenzie Valley Environmental The environmental impacts of this type of energy Impact Review Board are very small as there is no need to construct networks, the native vegetation is preserved and the Mackenzie-Scott, Gabrielle; Mackenzie Valley contractor takes just 4 hours to install it. Studies Environmetal Impact Review Board, 5102 - 5oth Ave, also carried out by UNIFACS calculate that the YELLOWKNIFE, Northwest Territories X1A 2N7 installation of 9000 systems in Bahia would reduce Canada. 867-766-7050 gmackenzie- the annual CO2 equivalent of 26,000 tonnes. [email protected]

Christensen, Vern; Mackenzie Valley Environmetal 230. (Paper) Impact Review Board, 5102 - 5oth Ave, Non-Land Use Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa: YELLOWKNIFE, Northwest Territories X1A 2N7 Kenya- Solutions and Incentives To Government Canada. 867-766-7050 [email protected] Responsibility White, Graham; Department of Political Science, Macharia, Sarah; SarEnvi Specialists, Kisii Road, University of Toronto, MISSASSAUGA, Ontario Thika, Central Province Kenya. +254.724.682.425 Canada. 416-978-6021 [email protected] [email protected] A few decades ago, the Indigenous peoples of My particular interest is in the issue of correcting Canada's Northern territories had virtually no say non land use planning in Sub Saharan Africa. This is when government or industry proposed major a robust forum for in depth, tried and tested and developments, such as roads, pipelines and mines. state of the art knowledge from researchers and Even when government began to take practitioners. Intended outcomes include chiefly to environmental assessment seriously (in the 1970s), ignite sharper focus and a sense of urgency to all Indigenous people had a limited role in the decision- stakeholders on the issue of non land use planning, making process. With the settling of 'comprehensive particularly in Sub Saharan Africa. land claims agreements', which have the status of modern treaties, and the accompanying attitudinal One of the most visible problems in Sub-saharan shifts by government, industry and the public, Africa is the widespread unplanned developments. Indigenous peoples now play a major role in EA Haphazard,substandard developments present processes applied to proposed developments in the huge obstacles to improvement goals in economic Canadian North. and social terms. Structures and entrepreneurial processes that were commenced without regard to This paper explores the participation of he their environmental and developmental sustainability Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Territories in exemplify non-land-use planning. Achieving the EA activities of a co-management board

87 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - established via land claims, the Mackenzie Valley Bettini, Virginio; University of Venice, Santa Croce Environmental Impact Review Board. Following a 191, Tolentini 30125 VENEZIA, Venezia, Italy. brief overview, the paper focuses on three aspects 00390412572224 [email protected] of the Board's work: its nature as a co-management board, with guaranteed representation of Indigenous Sumini, Marco; DIENCA University of Bologna, people on the Board; its wide-ranging community D.I.E.N.C.A. Università di Bologna Via dei Colli, 16 - consultation processes; and its efforts at integrating 40136 Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 00390516441721 the 'Traditional Knowledge' of Indigenous peoples [email protected] into its operations and decisions. The paper concludes with an assessment of the Board's Rosnati, Chiara; University of Sassari, Piazza accomplishments and the challenges before it. Università, 21 - 07100 SASSARI, Sassari, Italy. 00393289631090 [email protected]

315. (Poster) The paper describes the impact assessment Improving EIA System for Harbor Developments situation in Italy after the application of SEA EU in Korea Directive and focuses on different regional application of SEA. IAIA Italia has been working Maeng, Junho; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 since May 2006 on creating a national network for Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 best practices in order to help risk assessors and Korea. 02-380-7653 Fax 02-380-7744 environmental managers to adopt relevant IAIA [email protected] methodologies. The Italian Government is been involved at different institutional levels for coordinate Cho, Kwangwoo; Korea Environment Institute, 613- new methodologies and IAIA Italia has organized a 2 Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 national workshop for asking to regional and local Korea. 02-380-7615 Fax 02-380-7744 players to promote a network by which transfer [email protected] experiences in SEA and EIA in Italy.

Joo, Yongjun; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 Presented in the paper: (1) the actual Italian Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706 situation in last 10 years in EIA; (2) the critical Korea. 02-380-7666 Fax 02-380-7744 elements in working with news EU regulations; (3) [email protected] the perception of IAIA opportunities in Italian institutional and private players; (4) the IAIA Italia This study aims to identify what is to be considered network project for best practices and when preparing and reviewing EIA in planning methodologies. fishing port and harbor development projects in Korea. It is analyzed in four parts. 743. (Paper) The first part investigates what goes on upper level Quantifying Cumulative Impact Assessment with and lower level planning because they directly relate Dynamic Computational G.I.S. System in a Multi- to which site for fishing port or harbor development Stressor Area: A Case Study on a Waste is to be developed and to be managed. The second Treatment Plant in Italy part explores regulations such as zoning ordinance and its specifics. Zoning ordinance has been Magro, Giuseppe; Magro Engineering Ltd, recognized as a way to limit project development in COMPANY no 4371469 4 Trinity Street - SE1 1DB, said areas vulnerable to harmful environmental London - UK, United Kingdom. +44 207 73 999 48 impacts. Third, the study examines what procedures [email protected] | guide fishing port and harbor development and what http://www.magroengineeri is to be done and to be considered in those procedures. Lastly, it reviews and analyzes previous Marotta, Leonardo; Entropia s.n.c., corridoni 3, reviews and comments produced from overseeing Recanati (MC), 62019 Italy. +390717575525 environmental impact assessment reports. [email protected] | www.entropia- Particularly, it pays attention to majors issues and env.it proposals for their solutions in marine environment sections within environmental impact assessment The paper introduces a new methodology for reviews. studying cumulative effects. The methodology is applied to a case of air emissions produced in an

738. (Paper) industrial area with several stressors environmental Impact Assessment in Italy: An Overview on components. A formal definition of a site conceptual Regulation, Policy and Perspective model is presented and a real case study is analyzed using Dynamic Computational G.I.S. (DCGIS) and landscape ecology. Air stressor Magro, Giuseppe; IAIA Italia, D.I.E.N.C.A. Università matrixes are generated by different diffusion models di Bologna Via dei Colli, 16 - 40136 Bologna, and implemented on DCGIS software tool in order to Bologna, Italy. 00393383902805 Fax evaluate concentrations and exposure for each 00390309103680 [email protected] specific pollutant emission. The health of the system

and the sensitivity of components are defined using landscape ecology and thermodynamical indices

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(energy, exergy, Biological Territorial Capacity Index). Different scenarios can be obtained from a 112. (Poster) Balancing of Energy Production, Bioderversity, selection of time function emission and physical and Ecosystem for Hydropower Production – A conditions allowing sensitivity analysis on several Case Study Lower Kihansi Hydropower Project parameters of the system. (Lkhp) In Tanzania East Africa

740. (Paper) Mansur, Hamdun Rashid; Tanzania Electric Supply Quantifying Impact Assessment with G.I.S. Company Limited, Ubungo, Dar es Salaam, N/A N/A Systems: A New Methodology Tanzania. +255222451206 Fax +255222451206 [email protected] Magro, Giuseppe; Associated in Research Convention with D.I.E.N.C.A. University of Bologna, Some mitigation measures taken include: D.I.E.N.C.A. Università di Bologna Via dei Colli 16 - • By pass releasing of 1.5m3/s from 40136 Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 00393383902805 reservoir, which is equivalent to 15MW info@studiomagro,com • Constructions of sprinkler systems to compensate for the natural spray - cost 1M Sumini, Marco; D.I.E.N.C.A. University of Bologna, U$ D.I.E.N.C.A. Università di Bologna Via dei Colli 16 - • Establishment of The Lower Kihansi 40136 Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 00390516441721 Environmental Management Project [email protected] (LKEMP) to oversee environmental efforts and to identify and recommend future Pellegrini, Stefania; IAIA Italia, D.I.E.N.C.A. mitigation process and targets. Università di Bologna Via dei Colli 16 - 40136 Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 00393494290377 The Lower Kihansi Hydropower Project (LKHP [email protected] 180MW) is constructed in the Kihansi River and runs through the Eastern Arc Mountains along the Scarpanti, Stefano; ISAC CNR Bologna, Via Di eastern escarpment of southern Udzungwa Barbiano 1/10 - 40136 Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Mountains (biodiversity areas) and have cascades 00393408024161 [email protected] of gorges which are approximately 4 km long with waterfalls that sustain a unique microclimate of Teodori, Francesco; D.I.E.N.C.A. University of spray wetland. The LKHP incorporates a 25 m high Bologna, D.I.E.N.C.A. Università di Bologna Via dei dam, which diverts water to an underground power Colli 16 - 40136 Bologna, Bologna, Italy. generating station returning water to the river about 00390516441721 [email protected] 6km downstream.

A new methodology for characterize dynamic The environmental impact assessment process of stressor elements in SEA and EIA with G.I.S. tools any hydropower project is a key element of is presented. The methodology is based on multi sustainability emphasizing fully informed decision- dimensional stressor analysis in phase space and making. several EPA official software are used to set input stressor maps-matrixes; the assessed area is This paper presents the importance of undertaking a characterized in a grid-matrix frame and set stressor comprehensive ESIA of hydropower project before maps-matrixes are dynamically implemented by the the construction in order to balance the energy system which elaborate multi-level risk maps for any production, biodiversity and ecosystem. It describes specific correlation frame. the mitigation measures taken after the construction to reduce the environmental impacts mostly on the The conceptual model is based on multi dimensional biodiversity and ecosystem at the gorge and at the vector spaces of interaction and each stressor same time ensure sustainable power production. element is characterized as a linear combination of several orthogonal "base vectors" describing specific environmental pressure. These dynamic 250. (Paper) stressors components interacting with all How an Electrical Distribution Company in Brazil vulnerability levels and produce numerical reports Is Reducing Enviromental Impact By Means of and G.I.S. maps. The computational tool can be set EMS for Monte Carlo analysis and producing comparative risk maps useful for dynamic decision making in Marchesini Ferreira, Sandra Neusa; COELBA, Av. planning processes especially for Strategic Edgard Santos n 300-Narandiba, Salvador, Bahia Environmental Assessment. 41181-900 Brazil. 55 71 3370 5852 Fax 55 71 3370 5142 [email protected] The presentation will focus on general procedure to set impact assessment in a Stressor-Vulnerability Soares Gavião, Roberta; COELBA, Av. Edgard Interaction frame using G.I.S. and stressor Santos n. 300- Narandiba, Salvador, Bahia 41181- characterization process: the operative definition of 900 Brazil. 55 71 3370 6692 Fax 55 71 3370 5142 dynamic pressure state vector for specific kind of [email protected] stressor element on G.I.S.

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A 29 minute video showing all the main Large-scale projects can often be seen as creating a environmental care to be taken during the activities wider context for further planning and development. choosen at the EMS has been done to strengthen Should these contextuating decisions therefore be and facilitate the training of all the employees and treated as (EIA) projects or (SEA) plans? How contractors involved with the Environmental alternatives are handled in a meaningful way in Management System. A version with english legend impact assessment is dependent on whether the is available as well as a summary of the video with 9 approach taken is that of the project (EIA) approach, minutes duration, to be shown during outside or the planning (SEA) approach. How these factors presentations. are treated in an assessment process will also have wider implications for the effectiveness and outcome COELBA is a private electricity company serving the of the assessment. state of Bahia, supplying 4 million clients in 567,000 km2. To maintain quality service provision for all clients, it counts on its own 2,721 staff and 8,766 744. (Paper) outsourced. In 2003 the company investigated the Integrating Multiscale Impacts in Megaprogects activities which caused most environmental impact Assessement: Philosophy, Methodologies and and found that these included tree pruning, line Practical Issues circuits construction and cleaning of right-of-ways. In 2004 an Environmental Management System (EMS) Marotta, Leonardo; Entropia s.n.c., Corridoni 3, based on that of ISO 14001 was implanted. Recanati (MC), 62019 Italy. +390717575525 [email protected] | www.entropia- Specialized advice was sought and a member of env.it COELBA’s staff was chosen to coordinate the work. The support of management was fundamental as Magro, Giuseppe; Magro Engineering Ltd, the EMS implies significant changes in the working COMPANY no 4371469 4 Trinity Street - SE1 1DB, practices that had prevailed for the last 40 years London - UK, United Kingdom. +44 207 73 999 48 which had failed to take into account the [email protected] | environmental impacts caused. Another important http://www.magroengineeri point was the involvement of the employees in the definition of the procedures. Tommasel, Enrico; Università IUAV Venezia, riave anzano 6, Cappella Maggiore, 31010 Italy. In terms of main results we can mention the +393396263361 [email protected] elaboration of an Environmental Management Manual containing 20 procedures related to the Picchio, Stefano; Entropia s.n.c., corridoni 3, management of atmospheric emissions, chemical Recanati (MC), 62019 Italy. +393492722972 products, solid residues, sound pollution, [email protected] | www.entropia-env.it management of fauna and flora; training of staff involved in the Ecological Education course for Guerzoni, Stefano; CNR ISMAR, San Polo, 1364 - awareness-raising for environmental issues; Palazzo Papadopoli, Venezia, 30125 Italy. +390412404735 [email protected]

527. (Paper) Bettini, Virginio; Università IUAV Venezia, Catron Alternatives and Assessment in Large-scale San Polo, Veneia, 30125 Italy. +390412572224 Projects – The Öresund Bridge Case [email protected]

Markus, Eric; Blekinge Institute of Technology, Integrated assessment is an analytical approach Spatial Planning Unit, Karlskrona, SE-37179 that knits together knowledge from a variety of Netherlands. 0046455385309 Fax 0046455385307 disciplines to gain an-understanding the impacts of [email protected] | www.bth.se/ifp megaprojects. Bent Flyvbjerg's defines megaprojects as multi-billion dollar The Öresund bridge between Malmö (Sweden) and megainfrastructure project. The physical and Copenhagen (Denmark) is a contested large-scale economic scale of today's megaprojects is such that infrastructure project with significant strategic whole nations may be affected in both the medium impacts in a number of fields ranging from transport and long term by the success or failure of just a and regional policy to taxation and welfare issues. A single project. The analysis emphasizes the case study focusing on the bridge’s long decision- weaknesses of the conventional approach to making history, and especially on the handling of megaproject development: EIA, EIS and alternatives in decision-making and impact methodology such as cost-benefit analyses, assessment, shows that the ‘reasonable financial analyses and environmental and social alternatives’ and environmental concerns have impact statements that are routinely carried out as changed over time. Several reasons for this can be part of megaproject preparation severely identified, including: the role and purpose of urban miscalculating all the effects. In megaprojects and land-use planning, the perception of ‘the context, integrated assessments provide a environment,’ the role of experts and the public, and framework to examine how a big infrastructure might (not least) the question of what the purpose of the affect natural, unmanaged and human-built systems bridge was. and how these effects might carry over into the

90 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - economic sector. In this framework we show that the EX Netherlands. +31-33-4682604 Fax +31-33- Flyberg's Machiavellian formula for approval 4682801 [email protected] | www.dhv.com ((underestimated costs) +(overestimated revenues) + (undervalued environmental impacts) + Nuesink, Jan; DHV, Environment and (overvalued economic development effects) Transportation, Laan 1914 nr. 35, Amersfoort, 3818 =(project approval)) can be dropped using a EX Netherlands. +31-33-4682713 Fax +31-33- multiscale integrated method based on sustainability 4682801 [email protected] | www.dhv.com index as ecological footprint, landscape science, thermodynamical indicators as emergy, and Bultink, Benno; Ministry of Transport, Public Works cumulative impacts assessment. and Water Management, Gildemeestersplein 1, Arnhem, 6800 ED Netherlands. +31-26-3688833 Fax +31-26-3634897 [email protected] | 601. (Paper) www.partnersforroads.nl Measuring Environmental Impact: The Use and Viability of the CV Method in the Case of Mexico Kempenaar, Christa; EIA/Transportation Centre, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Martinez-Garcia, Jaime; University of San Luis Management, Van der Burghweg 1, Delft, 2600 GA Potosi, Mexico, Economics dept, Alvaro Obregon 64, Netherlands. +31-15-2518483 Fax +31-15-2518555 San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi 78000 Mexico. [email protected] | +52-444-813-1238 ext 120 [email protected] | www.minvenw.nl www.uaslp.mx The Partners for Roads Programme (PfR) is an Dela Maza-Borja, Eduardo; UASLP - Economics, initiative in the field of road infrastructure of the same, same, Mexico. [email protected] Dutch Ministry of Transport – in cooperation with Road Authorities in Central and Eastern Europe. Pulido-Castañon, Jesus; UASLP- Economics, same, The Programme concerns the exchange of know- Same, Mexico. [email protected] how and experiences. PfR was started in 2001 and has developed into a technical assistance This paper is on the use of Contingent Valuation programme with a time horizon that stretches to Method (CVM) in the case of water resources in 2010. Mexico. Policy design for management of environmental resources has to consider the Roads & Regional Development is a Window within inclusion of the three basic principles of the Programme and aims at mainstreaming Sustainability, Precautory and Polluters Pays economy and environment in the road planning Principle (PPP). In order to accomplish these process. The Window addresses three modules: principles, the resources managed under these economy, environment (focusing on SEA and EIA) policies have to be assessed in a form these reflect and cooperation (focusing on stakeholders their real value. involvement and public participation). Activities include seminars/workshops, assistance CVM is based on the assumptions that a) markets programmes, expert visits, conferences and tend to work efficiently, and b) consumer surplus cooperation projects. The lessons learned are can be measured for non-tradable, pubic goods, gathered in a (web-based) toolkit. such as clean water. In this case, CVM is used in the Mexican context applied to the measure of three The EIA/Transportation Centre is also part of the goods, automobiles – a luxury good - corn tortillas - Ministry of Transport and aims at enhancing the a basic food staple, and water, which is perceived quality of the planning and EIA process for road as a scarce but under priced, life-sustaining good. infrastructure. Objective is to achieve careful The performance of the technique is compared on planning and decision-making for infrastructure the former two goods and, given these outcomes it projects. The Centre gives advice, carries out is applied on the water market. Therefore, it could studies and evaluations for the various divisions be possible to determine the effectiveness of the within the Ministry. The Centre focuses on three method in relation to the performance of these groups of activities: knowledge development, markets, as well as if these results could be used knowledge transfer and advice on a project basis. efficiently on the design of the water resources management policy 536. (Poster) Stakeholder Involvement and Public 534. (Poster) Participation in the Road Planning Process: The Dutch Partners for Roads Programme and European Examples Derived from the Dutch EIA/Transportation Centre: Exchange of Know- Partners for Roads Programme How and Enhancing Quality in Infrastructure Planning Martins Dias, Luis; DHV, Environment and Transportation, Laan 1914 nr. 35, Amersfoort, 3818 Martins Dias, Luis; DHV, Environment and EX Netherlands. +31-33-4682604 Fax +31-33- Transportation, Laan 1914 nr. 35, Amersfoort, 3818 4682801 [email protected] | www.dhv.com

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Nuesink, Jan; DHV, Environment and Clarification of ethical principles and how they are Transportation, Laan 1914 nr. 35, Amersfoort, 3818 used in various circumstances can potentially be EX Netherlands. +31-33-4682713 Fax +31-33- useful for more awareness of HIA’s rationale; 4682801 [email protected] | www.dhv.com enhanced communication with stakeholders in HIA exercises; better dialogue with related disciplines Kempenaar, Christa; EIA/Transportation Centre, and communities, notably in strategic assessments; Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water addressing HIA’s shortcoming and difficulties with Management, Van der Burghweg 1, Delft, 2600 GA implementation in certain settings; strengthening Netherlands. +31-15-2518483 Fax +31-15-2518555 HIA’s methodology. [email protected] | www.minvenw.nl Although the same process of clarification has the potential of damaging HIA, by overstating some of Bultink, Benno; Ministry of Transport, Public Works its limitations, the possible benefits outlined above and Water Management, Gildemeestersplein 1, should encourage a more open debate on ethics in Arnhem, 6800 ED Netherlands. +31-26-3688833 HIA and impact assessment. Similarly, differences Fax +31-26-3634897 [email protected] | in ethical principles markedly set apart areas such www.minvenw.nl as EIA and SIA, hence it is thought that IAIA as a whole can benefit from this debate. From the PfR Programme, two cases of infrastructure planning are selected. These are typical examples of road planning processes in 641. (Paper) which stakeholder involvement is essential for EIA as Planning Tool and Its Effectiveness in successful decision-making. The cases are Rwanda compared and general lessons shared, which are appropriate for road planning projects in different Mashinga, Theobald; Rwanda Environment settings and national contexts. Management Authority (REMA), Ex OBK Building, 2nd Floor, Kacyiru, Kigali, Rwanda. (250) 55 1000 The N18/Achterhoek in the Eastern part of the 53 Fax (250) 55 00 17 [email protected] Netherlands is a pilot project for a new form of public involvement in the road planning and EIA Rwanda has recently adopted EIA as tool of process, entitled “public participation new style.” A planning. In the course of that, it has, however, clear participation model has been designed in encountered a variety of challenges related to EIA which stakeholders are to varying degrees involved development that need to be addressed. The paper in the process. The poster presents the case study, will focus on issues related to EIA process in participation model and main lessons learned. Rwanda such as screening, scoping, quality of (EIA), inadequate expertise and experience, limited lack of The E22/Eastern Entrance – the connection of the public participation, inadequate private-public E22 to the eastern part of Riga, Latvia – is one of partnership, public awareness, decision making and the first highways to be developed in Latvia, in a appeal procedures, inadequate and unreliable data rapidly expanding part of Riga. Spatial planning is as well as lack of human and financial capacities. organized bottom-up in Latvia making the local municipalities vital, deciding stakeholders. This The paper also highlights a range of measures to requires an important stakeholder involvement address the issues above including lack of process, also including local inhabitants. The poster ownerning EIA, compliance with international presents the case study and main lessons. agreements, application of EIA as tool for planning at national and local levels, environmental service fund, encouraging public awareness to demystify 407. (Paper) EIA process.It identifies a range of opportunities to Ethics of HIA strengthen the EIA process in Rwanda,private- public partnership, environmental audits, and the Martuzzi, Marco; World Health Organization need of building capacity of EIA practitioners. Regional Office for Europe, Via Crispi 10, Rome, 00187 Italy. +39064877520 Fax +39064877599 The paper also stresses the importance of hinging [email protected] effectiveness of the EIA process in Rwanda to the existing political will in the country. Health Impact Assessment involves several ethical principles, such as solidarity, equity, democracy, sustainability, etc. While these principles are 370. (Paper) routinely referred to in training or textbooks in HIA, Integrating Environmental and Biodiversity their use and relevance is not fully spelled out. Yet, Concerns in Development Planning through it may be that adherence to some of these principles Enabling Policy and Regulatory Framework is a key feature that characterises HIA; for example, the chronic apparent irreconcilability of HIA and risk Mathur, Vinod B.; Wildlife Institute of India, assessment may lie in the conflict of the underlying Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India. ethical frameworks, essentially deontological and +91-135-2640304 Fax +91-135-2640117 utilitarian, respectively. [email protected] | www.wii.gov.in

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Rajvanshi, Asha; Wildlife Institute of India, This study aims to compare the advantages and Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India. disadvantages of public participation style for +91-135-2640113 Ext.: 225 Fax +91-135-2640117 wastewater treatment planning and its SEA, and to [email protected] | www.wii.gov.in clarify the key points of effective public participating meetings. To clarify how detailed data should be The key environmental challenges faced by any presented to participants and what points are the developing country invariably relate to the nexus of distinctive significance of SEA and participation in environmental degradation with poverty and Thailand is also the objectives of this research. economic growth. These challenges are intrinsically connected with the state of environmental resources. To achieve these objectives, two kinds of In order to address the conflicting issues of experimental stakeholders’ meetings were held in conservation and development in a more meaningful Amphawa District. One was the meeting at the later way, India has formulated in 2006 a forward looking stage which was held only once. Alternatives to treat National Environmental Policy (NEP). The NEP wastewater and their effects on cleaning water in emphasizes that for a development to be truly canal network were prepared beforehand, and sustainable ecological thresholds must be respected. stakeholders discussed which alternative plan was It provides enabling guidance for mainstreaming more preferable. The other was the meetings held at environment and biodiversity concerns in economic two steps. In the first meeting, the alternatives to developments in all sectors. It has also enunciated treat wastewater were explained and stakeholders 14 principles that have an established genealogy in prepared the alternatives based on their discussion. policy pronouncements, jurisprudence and In the second meeting, the stakeholders discussed international environmental law. the most preferable alternative based on environmental assessment for each alternative The paper discusses the positive influence of these prepared by the academic researchers. The principles on development related decisions and participants’ preference for the style of meeting style describes the regulatory framework that is being and effectiveness of discussion were analyzed developed for management of ‘Entities of based on these experimental meetings. Incomparable Value (EIV)’. Based on the policy directives, the EIVs sites recognized for their unique conservation values would not be ‘opened’ for 179. (Paper) developments nor would be ‘jeopardized’ by in-kind Cooperate Stewardship in Conservation through or cash compensations, determined by the classical Impact Assessment: The Case of Grumeti cost benefit analyses. The implementation of NEP Reserves Limited in Serengeti, Tanzania and the regulatory framework for managing EIVs would go a long way in harmonizing conservation Mchome, Beatrice; East Africa Resource Group, -, and development. Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. +255 784 464816 Fax +255 22 2410393 [email protected]

362. (Paper) Grumeti Reserves Limited, a private hunting Public Participation in Wastewater Treatment company operating in Serengeti - Tanzania is Planning in Thailand—Experimental pioneering the development of high-class tourism Stakeholders’ Meeting in Amphawa District that takes environmental conservation as focus of development. The Company operates two hunting Matsuyuki, Mihoko; Meisei University, 2-1-1 blocks and has evolved a development concept that Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo 1918506 Japan. +81-42- integrates social– economic development of the 591-5615 [email protected] local community and improved tourism development that has boosted tourism in the area. The company Roachanakanan, Raywadee; Mahidol University, operates an exclusive five star lodge in Serengeti. In Putthamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170 efforts to conserve the biodiversity of the area, the Thailand. +66-2441-5000 [email protected] company has re-introduced black rhino after conducting an EIA. The company has stopped Kishita, Mizuo; Meisei University, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, hunting in its hunting blocks in order to raise the Hino, Tokyo 1918506 Japan. +81-42-591-6212 value of biodiversity and hunting trophies whilst [email protected] paying all the required hunting fees.

Nishiura, Sadatsugu; Meisei University, 2-1-1 The Company has commissioned several Impact Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo 1918506 Japan. +81-42- Assessments of its proposed development concept 591-9791 [email protected] that will inevitably change the tourism landscape of Serengeti, making it a hub of tourism in Tanzania Emaruchi, Bunlur; Mahidol University, and Africa. Putthamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170 Thailand. +66-2-889-2138 [email protected] This paper explores the experiences Grumeti Reserves has gone through in promoting tourism Manomaipiboon, Kobkaew; Mahidol University, and conservation and highlight some of the best Putthamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170 practices, lessons learnt for cooperate stewardship Thailand. +66-2441-0211 [email protected] in conservation.

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526. (Paper) can cope with the problems and about conducting Ecological Assessment and Habitat SEA in our country. Classification of the Korean Demilitarized Zone Corridor: A Geospatial Approach I hope to learn about the methods and methodology of conducting of SEA in other countries. I am Mickelson, John; Center for International Earth planning to participate in the process of SEA Science Information Network, Columbia University, actively as an expert of envoronmental assessment, Palisades, NY 10964 United States. 845 365-8957 to work in the projects of SEA, to participate in the Fax 845 365-8922 seminars of SEA that our Ministry of natural [email protected] | resources and international organizations conduct. http://www.ciesin.org This knowledge will be very useful for me as a lecturer in our University. Kim, Ke Chung; Center for BioDiversity Research, Penn State Institutes of the Environment, University 366. (Paper) Park, PA 16802 United States. 814 863-2863 Fax Socioeconomic Impact of Urbanisation on 814 865-3048 [email protected] | Indigeous People of Urban areas: Case Study of http://www.ento.psu.edu/P Rebisi People of Port Harcourt City, Nigeria

Important trans-boundary issues include water and Mmom, Prince Chinedu; Universtyof Port habitat resources, human dimension dynamics and Harcourt,Nigeria, Choba,East-West Road,Port food and security patterns. All benefit from detailed Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State 234 Nigeria. and up-to-date inventory and monitoring systems 234(0)8033389632 [email protected] supported by digital geospatial systems. The DMZ peace park program in Korea, where field work is Urbanisation, which simply defined is the increase in especially challenging, is quite dependent upon the number of people living in urban areas, is a remotely sensed data for developing this de facto major feature of most countries of the developing sanctuary for wildlife and habitat for Korea's unique world in recent times. Against this backdrop, many native biodiversity. Satellite and model outputs can researches have arisen on the impact of be used to establish detailed ecological baselines as urbanisation. Nevertheless, most of these well as changes within the regions systems. The researches have focused on its impact on the temperate deciduous and mixed forests within the biophysical environment and a few on the Korean peninsula lend themselves well to detailed socioeconomic impact. Even with the research on map unit delineation. Strong seasonal vegetation socioeconomic impact, little is heard on urbanisation patterns increase the information signal available impact on the indigenous people. This study hopes within multi-seasonal (phenologically based) to bridge the gap using the Rebisi people and Ibibio imagery. Add terrain, soils, biophysical, hydrological of Port Harcourt & Calabar cities of Nigeria as case and human dynamics information and effective studies. It is postulated that urbanisation of the cities depictions of habitats as well as system threats can has not improved the native people’s socio- be mapped. This presentation will overview economic life. Also, urban planning has not integrated trans-boundary process mapping, taken considered the plight of the indigenous people who from CIESIN’s projects in: Environmental Treaties are being swallowed up in the urbanisation process. and Resource Indicators (ENTRI), Last of the Wild, Global Distribution of Poverty Mapping and the

Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI). Case 367. (Paper) studies from Brazil\Uruguay, Africa and Sri Lanka Human Density, Industrialisation and Economic will be presented, together with outlines of data Growth in the Niger Delta,Nigeria: An systems for the Korean DMZ project. Assessment of Their Impact on the Mangrove (Forest) Resources

347. (Paper) The Experience of Developing the Methodical Mmom, Prince Chinedu; University of Port Harcourt, Provision for Conducting Strategic East-West Road-Choba,Port Harcourt, Port Environmental Assessment in the Republic of Harcourt, Rivers State 234 Nigeria. 234 (0) Belarus 8033389632 [email protected]

Misiuchenka, Viktoryia; International Sakharov The mangrove forest of the Niger Delta region of Environmental University, 23, Dolgobrodskaya str., Nigeria holds great and valuable resources (mineral Minsk, Minsk 220009 Belarus. +375 (017) 2383690 and biological), which are major sustainers of life Fax + 375 17 230 68 88 [email protected] and economic growth of the entire country. It is also a truism that the people of the Niger Delta The main question for our Republic today is the traditionally depend on these mangroves for their life integration of SEA in the process of decision making support, but the increasing human population and of the documents of "high" level. I have developed as well as industrialization and the quest for the methodical recommendations about SEA. I am economic growth have posed serious threat to the going to tell about my own experience in developing sustenance of this great resource and has called for of methodological recommendations and how we concern. This paper therefore assesses the impact of these factors on the mangrove ecosystems of the

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Niger Delta region. Through field investigation, the environmental divisions within central or local study discovered a steady loss of the mangrove at authorities, and sector ministries or organizations. the rate of 5.8% annually, with oil exploration & During the International EIA and SEA Training exploitation accounting for 61.7% of the total losses. Programmes each participant developed individual Therefore, serious re-vegetation is suggested as the change projects, aiming at improving the EIA/SEA panacea or strategy for sustaining the resource system within their respective countries. The actual potentials of the mangroves. authors/presenters will be 5 - 10 Asian participants in International Training Programme, who prior to the Conference will meet in a Follow-up Workshop 446. (Paper) in Vietnam, May 28 - June 2, 2007. One of the Experiences from Introducing Changes and objectives of the Follow-up Workshop is to Improvements within Post-EIA Monitoring in exchange experience relating to the participants' Seven Asian Countries (India, Malaysia, "change projects" and institutional change Mongolia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka processes in general. The Workshop will also deal and Vietnam) with, e.g., how networking can be used for facilitating improvements related to EIA/SEA within Moghe, Chandrashekhar Anantrao; National the participants' respective organizations. The Environmental Engineering Research Institute purpose of the paper is to show and discuss (NEERI), EIRA Division, Nagpur, 440 020 India. +91 experiences in 3 - 6 different Asian countries from 712 2249885 Fax +91 712 2249896 introducing changes and improvements of the [email protected] EIA/SEA systems.

Syed Sahab, Sharifah Zakiah; Department of Environment, Lot 4G3, Precinta, Putrajaya 62574 193. (Paper) Malaysia. +603 88712158 Fax +603 88891045 Role of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) in [email protected] Development of Special Economic Zone (SEZs), an Indian Perspective Monkhoo, Monkhtulga; Energy Regulatory Authority, University Street 2A, Ulaanbaatar, 46 Mongolia. Moghe, Chandrashekhar; Neeri, Nehru Marg, +976 11 319317 Fax +976 11 319335 NAGPUR, MAHARASHTRA 440 020 India. +91 712 [email protected] 2249879 Fax +91 712 2249896/2249900 [email protected] | http://www.neeri.res.in/ Talpur, Mir Sajjad Hussain; Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, H No. 311, Main Margalla Road, Ramteke, Dilip; NEERI, Nehru Marg, NAGPUR, Islamabad, F-11/3 Pakistan. +92 51 9235157 Fax MAHARASHTRA 440 020 India. +91 712 2249879 +92 51 9267622 [email protected] Fax +91 712 2249896/2249900 [email protected] | http://www.neeri.res.in/ Cezar, Elsie P.; Environmental Management Bureau, Visayas Avenue Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Wate, Satish; NEERI, Nehru Marg, NAGPUR, +63 9179791016 Fax +63 2 9202240 MAHARASHTRA 440 020 India. +91 712 2247844 [email protected] Fax +91 712 2249896/2249900 [email protected] | http://www.neeri.res.in/ Wijesooriya, Wijesooriya A. D. D.; Hydropower Reoj. Of Ceylon Electricity Board, 762 1/1, Maradana The government of India has introduced Special Road, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka. +94 11 2694310 Fax Economic Zone (SEZ) policy with a view to provide +94 11 2697048 [email protected] an internationally competitive and hassle free business environment. Development of SEZ Navaratne, Udayachandra Ratnawansha Bandara; involves acquisition of several hectares of land at a 28/220 Government Road Richlands QLD, stretch for multiproduct/sectoral industries with Richlands, Australia. +61 7 38793629 supporting commercial and residential [email protected] establishments. Acquisition of land triggers a cascade of social and environmental consequences. Cuong, Pham Anh; Ministry of Natural Resources It must be ensured that development of SEZs are and Environment, Department of Environmental both socially and environmentally sustainable. Impact Assessment and Appraisal, 84 Nguyen Chi Therefore, comprehensive study on Social Impact Thanh, Hanoi, Vietnam. +84 4 7734247 Fax +84 4 Assessment (SIA) besides, Environmental Impact 8359221 [email protected] Assessment is required to support decision making process. Ramboll Natura has organized an Advanced International Training Programme on EIA and SEA SIA is a process of identifying, predicting, evaluating 1998 - 2006, financed by the Swedish International and mitigating the social and other relevant impacts Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). The of developmental activities to obtain social majority of the participants in the training acceptance for the proposed project. Thus, the main programmes are decision-makers and specialists in objectives of SIA in development of SEZs are to environmental authorities and environmental prepare demographic and growth profiles of the organizations, as well as planners and managers in population under land acquisition, assessment of economic benefits to community and environment

95 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - due proposed developmental activities and environmental impacts. In order to ensure the projection of anticipated changes with quality of life successful use of environmental indicators, barrier- parameters to evolve pragmatic Rehabilitation free access to relevant and suitably geospatially and Action Plan (RAP) for the Project Affected Persons temporally scaled environmental datasets is crucial. (PAPs) under focus. Environmental reports often identify and highlight data gaps but fail to explain their existence or to This paper is an attempt on highlighting the role of make suggestions as to how the gaps may be filled. Social Impact Assessment in development of SEZs In the case of many environmental data providers in the Indian context. data is frequently offered at restricted geographical scales, with high levels of aggregation, and/or with significant temporal lags. While “no data is better 613. (Poster) than poor data” data providers should understand Korean Emission Inventory Processing for Air the advantages to the user community of barrier- Quality Assessment free access to “good data.” Much international effort is focussed on the application of environmental Moon, Nankyoung; Korea Environment Institute, indicators for SEA. Data issues occurring during 613-2 Bulgwang-Dong, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. 82-2- indicator development should be flagged and used 380-7607 Fax 82-2-380-7744 [email protected] to inform data providers on how to develop more user-friendly data access systems. This paper will Kim, Soontae; University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun highlight a number of recommendations to (a) assist Rd., Houston, TX 77204 United States. 1-713-743- users assessing and using available data and (b) 0758 Fax 1-713-748-7906 [email protected] assist data providers to better understand the needs of their user communities. In order to properly estimate changes in air quality associated to national, regional, urban, and local development plans and to correctly explain the 151. (Paper) source-receptor relationship as of now, it is required Evolution and Evaluation of the EIA System in to prepare the most updated inputs to air quality Iran modeling assessment or prediction. To predict impacts of secondary air pollutants such as ozone Moradi, Hossein; Institute of Environmental or particular matter on local air quality in Preliminary Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurer Str. 190, Environmental Review System (PERS) and Zurich, ZH 8057 Switzerland. +41 44 635 6118 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), it needs to [email protected] predict three-dimensional meteorological filed of the local area, and, by using its result that, in turn, helps Schmid, Bernhard; Institute of Environmental calculate emissions amounts and build a Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurer Str. 190, photochemical reaction model to predict their Zurich, ZH 8057 Switzerland. +41 44 635 5205 influences on air quality. [email protected]

We have proposed to develop the Korea Iran is a vast country with diverse climatic and Environment Institute-Emissions Inventory environmental conditions, hence a habitat for a rich Preparation System (KEI-EIPS) to generate air diversity of terrestrial and marine species. The quality model-ready emissions data with SMOKE natural characteristics of the country explain the using the MOE’s emissions inventory data, concern for better environmental protection plans maintained under the Clean Air Policy Support and activities in Iran. The environmental protection System (CAPSS) database. activities started with the establishment of the Hunting and Fishing Organization in 1967, which was renamed the Department of the Environment 381. (Paper) (DoE) in 1972. Improving Data Usability for Effective Environmental Indicators in Strategic During the past decades, great pressure has been Environmental Assessment put on environmental resources due to unsustainable development patterns. Environmental Mooney, Peter; National University of Ireland, Impact Assessment (EIA) plays a key role in Maynooth/Environmental Protection Agency, EPA achieving goals of sustainable development. The Richview, Dublin, 14 Ireland. +35312680100 legal basis for EIA in Iran is Note 82 of the Law of [email protected] the 2nd Development Plan from 1994. This paper discusses the history of and current environmental Donnelly, Alison; Trinity College laws in Iran and presents an evaluation of the Dublin/Environmental Protection Agency, Botany current state of EIA. The main problems highlighted Building, Dublin, 2 Ireland. +35312680100 are lack of clarity in the legal definition of the [email protected] contents of EIA, lack of clear screening to reach primary or full EIA, lack of consideration of Article 10(2) of the Strategic Environmental alternatives and effective public participation, and a Assessment (SEA) Directive (2001/42/EC) weak procedural basis to analyze EIA data. Also, recommends the use of existing monitoring data recommendations are made for improving the where possible to demonstrate likely significant effectiveness of the EIA process.

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550. (Paper) impacts at policy, plan and programme (PPP) level EIA Decision-Making and Natural Justice and is being drafted a transboundary environmental impact assessment guidelines (TbEIA) to minimize Morrison-Saunders, Angus; Murdoch University, the potential impacts at project level. South St, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia. ++618 9360 6125 [email protected] The purposes of this paper are to provide an overview of MRC cooperation framework and Early, Gerard; Department of the Environment and discuses MRC’s EIA/SEA system and the proposed Heritage, GPO Box 787, Canberra, ACT 2601 TbEIA to facilitate and support potentially Australia. +61 2 6274 1077 transboundary environmental impacts at both PPP, [email protected] and project level respectively. In addition, it highlights some of the challenges for supporting What is necessary to ensure natural justice in EIA member countries to effectively implement the decision-making? The concept of natural justice (or EIA/SEA system and TbEIA. procedural fairness) extends a duty to decision- makers to involve affected stakeholders in approval decision-making through meaningful consultation 247. (Paper) and participation. But what happens (or should Environmental Impact Assessment Legislation happen) when new information enters the final in Uganda approval decision-making process that affects the approval outcome? Should proponents and public Mujuni, Harriet; Gissat Techno Consults, Plot 3334 stakeholders be privy to this information before the UDC Close, Kironde Road, Muyenga, Kampala, N/A final (political level) decision is made? We review N/A Uganda. 256-772-403796 Fax 256-41-257521 international EIA procedures and legal cases. [email protected]; [email protected] Natural justice typically is not something that is prescribed in law but emerges from practice and This paper will a) discuss the development of EIA customs. Decision-making by elected ministers is legislation in Uganda. Given Uganda’s development generally less transparent than that by government objectives, the “economic development context” agencies, and expectations concerning natural within which the EIA legislation operates cannot be justice vary accordingly. Balance has to be struck ignored and this will form the way in which the between efficiency of process and provision of legislation is evaluated; and b) examine the endless opportunity for public participation in shortcomings of the current system and suggest decision-making – provision of appeal rights along recommendations to address the identified problems. with full disclosure of the reasons behind a decision are important here. Ultimately decision-makers must Uganda has had legislation requiring environmental judge when and how much information should be impact assessments from only as recently as 1998, disclosed to stakeholders on a case by case basis, in the form of regulations promulgated under the realising however, that a fair process will likely to Environment Act,1995. The introduction of lead to the best outcome in the most efficient way. compulsory environmental assessment for those activities identified in the legislation was an

572. (Paper) important step forward and brought Uganda into line Transboudary Impact Assessment for Member with international practice. However, since the Countries in the Lower Mekong Basin legislation has been in place, several shortcomings of the legislated EIA process have manifested themselves, including issues relating to, Inter alia: Moua, Keu; Mekong River Commission, 184 Fa

Ngoum Road, Vientiane, Vientiane Capital Viet Nam. a) The capacity of competent government +856 21 263 263 Fax +856 21 263 264 departments to implement the EIA [email protected] legislation effectively

b) The identification of activities requiring EIA Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam share the c) Effect of political interference in the EIA Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB) and its resources. process; The Mekong is a transboundary river in nature. The d) Public participation in the EIA process; and “1995 Agreement on the cooperation for the e) The duration of the EIA process; sustainable development of the Mekong River

Basin” was signed by the four countries to Before 1995 when the Environment Act was cooperate in the development, utilization, enacted, Uganda lacked a framework piece of conservation and management of the basin's water legislation to coordinate environmental issues. The and related resources. enactment of this Act together with the promulgation

of the Constitution in 1995 have since closed this Sustainable water resources development in the gap in the law. The Act provides for the making of LMB provides opportunity to alleviate poverty in EIA regulations. These regulations were different ways. Occasionally, the past experiences promulgated in 1998 and are now law. However, the on water resource management have showed that current EIA process/practice has several flaws as development in one country has caused significant highlighted above which need to be addressed. impacts to the neighboring countries. In 2002, MRC initiated an EIA/SEA system to minimize potential

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702. (Paper) 779. (Paper) A Study on the Fate of the Pollutant in The Impact of Renewable Energy Projects in Transitional Zones of Lake Juam Tanzania on Poverty Alleviation and Environmental Management: The Case of Biogas Mun, Hyun Saing; Yeongsan River Environment Use in Rungwe District South West Tanzania Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 1110-8 Oryong-dong Buk- Mwakaje Kamanga, Agnes; University of Dar es gu, Gwangju, 500-480 Korea. 82-62-970-3911 Salaam, PO Box 35097, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. [email protected] +255 784 391220 [email protected]

Huh, Yu Jeong; Yeongsan River Environment This study examined the impact of renewable Research Center, National Institute of energy projects in Tanzania with the focus of biogas Environmental Research, 1110-8 Oryong-dong Buk- use in Rungwe district. Most of these projects were gu, Gwangju, 500-480 Korea. 82-62-970-3915 undertaken without EIAs and therefore this study [email protected] was more on assessing environmental management resulting from biogas technology and its limitations. Park, Su Young; Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Two hundred households with and without biogas Environmental Research, 1110-8 Oryong-dong Buk- facilities were selected randomly from four villages. gu, Gwangju, 500-480 Korea. 82-62-970-3913 Structured, semi-structured and open-ended [email protected] discussion was used to gather information. There was also physical observation in the field. Chang, Nam Ik; Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Findings show that households with biogas facilities Environmental Research, 1110-8 Oryong-dong Buk- have reduced fuel wood consumption from over five gu, Gwangju, 500-480 Korea. 82-62-970-3901 bundles to just about one bundle per week. This is [email protected] equivalent to the reduction of 3700 ha from deforestation per annum. Most of them have also Lake Juam supplies drinking water for 2.5 million stopped using kerosene and charcoal, which has people in Gwangju City and Cheonnam Province. had significant impact on poverty alleviation and Even though the water quality of Lake Juam environmental management. The technology also consistently maintains good status since dam creates employment especially for the youth who construction, algae bloom seasonally occurs in large perform most of the biogas installation activities. scale in the transitional zone of Lake Juam, confluence of Bosung and Dongbok tributary. The purpose of this study is to measure water quality in 134. (Paper) the transitional zone and tributaries of Lake Juam Water Resource Variability and Livelihoods in and derive upper streams which need intensive the Lower Rufiji Wetland Ecosystems (Tanzania) management. Mwakipesile, Augustino; Institute of Resource Chl-a, concentration in the transitional zone of Assessment, University of Dar es salaam, Dar es Bosung river and Dongbok stream, is measured to salaam, Tanzania. +255 713 478 676 Fax 255 022 be about 15mg/m3 in March, May and September, 2410393 [email protected] / but that of Songkang stream is measured to be over [email protected] 10mg/m3 in September and October. The high peak of BOD, T-P and T-N in transitional The Rufiji River, with a mean annual flow of zone is measured at May to July, during heavy rain approximately 800m3 /s is one of the largest rivers season. This means that non-point source (NPS) in East Africa and characterized by the variability of management in upper sub-watershed is needed. its flooding pattern. At present three dams have Because the correlation coefficient between T-P and been constructed on its upstream, controlling 23% SS is high(r2=0.801) during heavy rain, to improve of the flow. A large multi-purpose dam that would the water quality of transitional zone need to NPS control 95% of the flow is planned at the Stiegler’s management of upper sub-watershed. Gorge. The flooding pattern of the Rufiji River will be affected by this project with complete disappearance The streams needed intensive management for of the flood and its beneficial effects on the down NPS drew Bongwha stream, Yoeseo stream and stream wetland ecosystems of 500 km2 and the Yiseo stream. wetland associated livelihoods. The research objective is the production of detailed knowledge on the relationships between floodplain communities and their environment dynamics. These local scale issues are framed within the hydrological context at the river basin scale. Local agricultural practices are sophisticated and adapted to the variability of hydro- climatic conditions. These livelihoods can cope with short drought periods but are collapsing under the current hydro-climatic conditions. The current state of livelihood diversification in the Rufiji Delta

98 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - floodplain ecosystem has been increasing pressure through trade ports. Moreover, several scientific on the coastal forests ecosystems and led to findings demonstrate that coastal habitats could play reduction of forest cover in mangrove and the a key role in reducing economic, environmental and coastal forests. social damages from natural hazards such as torrential rains, storm surge, tsunami, and sea-level rise. In Korea, reclaimed area in semi-closed bay 364. (Paper) suffered heavy damage from a storm surge called Post-Project Review on Navigation Channel “Maemi” in 2003. The Korean government allocated Improvement Project of Upper Mekong River USD 3 billion to recover from the damage. The damage was caused by verified as unplanned and Nakayama, Mikiyasu; University of Tokyo, Room indiscernible developments, which is the reason why 768, Environmental Studies Bldg., Kashiwa-shi, the hazard is called “human-made” not “natural” Chiba 277-8563 Japan. +81-4-7136-4851 Fax +81- hazards. Even though it is not clear that recently 4-7136-4842 [email protected] | increasing natural hazards are caused by climate change at global scale, causal relationship between Mirumachi, Naho; University of Tokyo, Room 768, climate change and natural hazards increase is, to Environmental Studies Bldg., Kashiwa-shi, Chiba some extent, feasible. Coastal setback as 277-8563 Japan. +81-4-7136-4851 Fax +81-4-7136- precautionary approach to scientific uncertainty can 4842 [email protected] | be very effective institution to adaptively tackle climate change and its impacts. The Korean The Navigation Channel Improvement Project of the government is preparing to incorporate the setback- Upper Mekong River is designed to upgrade large related provision into Coastal Management Act of vessel navigation. The EIA report concludes that 1999. water level fluctuation from navigation improvement works will be small and limited, while water fluctuation was observed for the whole of the 363. (Paper) boundary river area. The report clearly said, "no soil Post-Project Review on Navigation Channel erosion will happen at the reef blasting places.” Improvement Project of Upper Mekong River Erosion in fact has occurred. Riverbanks, sandbars and islets that appeared during the dry season are Nakayama, Mikiyasu; University of Tokyo, Room currently nonexistent. As for socio-economic 768, Environmental Studies Bldg., 5-1-5, Impacts, a generalized indication of the impacts on Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563 Japan. the quality of life is made with advantages being +81-4-7136-4851 Fax +81-4-7136-4842 increased opportunities to improve living conditions. [email protected] In reality, illegal trade of wildlife, timber and drugs has been taking place across boundaries. The Mirumachi, Naho; University of Tokyo, Room 768, number of fishermen has decreased in Thailand, Environmental Studies Bldg., 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, reflecting the fact that fishing is no longer a way of Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563 Japan. +81-4-7136- generating income. Factors affecting the accuracy of 4851 Fax +81-4-7136-4842 [email protected] EIA include: (a) Assessments were made by techniques that were not specified, data with The Navigation Channel Improvement Project of the ambiguous sources. (b) Report does not consider Upper Mekong River is designed to upgrade large long-term impacts and hence cumulative and vessel navigation. The EIA report concludes that secondary impacts are not discussed. (c) Incapacity water level fluctuation from navigation improvement of the affected countries to ensure the consistency works will be small and limited, while water of the EIA measures with the international and fluctuation was observed for the whole of the domestic regulations. boundary river area. The report clearly said, "no soil erosion will happen at the reef blasting places.”

670. (Paper) Erosion in fact has occurred. Riverbanks, sandbars Coastal Setback: Precautionary Approach to and islets that appeared during the dry season are Climate Change and Its Impact on Coastal Area currently nonexistent. As for socio-economic in Korea impacts, a generalized indication of the impacts on the quality of life is made with advantages being increased opportunities to improve living conditions. Na, Jungho; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4, In reality, illegal trade of wildlife, timber and drugs Bangbae 3dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- has been taking place across boundaries. The 2105-2772 [email protected] number of fishermen has decreased in Thailand,

reflecting the fact that fishing is no longer a way of Kim, Jongdeog; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4, generating income. Factors affecting the accuracy of Bangbae 3dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- EIA include: (a) Assessments were made by 2105-2770 [email protected] techniques that were not specified, data with

ambiguous sources. (b) Report does not consider The coastal zone in Korea is aan important area in long-term impacts and hence cumulative and economic and societal aspects. 27% of the total secondary impacts are not discussed. (c) Incapacity national population resides and 90% of national of the affected countries to ensure the consistency industrial complexes are located in the area. Nearly of the EIA measures with the international and 99% of manufactured products are exported abroad domestic regulations.

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669. (Paper) The transboundary coastal areas of the Korean Strengthening Public Participation in Decision- Peninsula have very valuable natural resources and Making Process for Balancing Coastal coastal ecosystem for the present and potential development and Environmental Revitalization uses because of long-lasting politico-military in Korea confrontation between DPR Korea and RO Korea. Accordingly, regulation and limitation of socio- Nam, Jungho; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4, economic activities on the areas have prevented the Bangbae 3dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- marine and coastal ecosystem from being degraded 2105-2772 [email protected] by irreversible developments elsewhere in both Koreas. Despite two military clashes in 1999 and Chang, Wonkeun; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4, 2002, the relationship between two Koreas has Bangbae 3dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- been improving and several achievements have 2105-2909 [email protected] been made. More efforts in enhancing cooperation between two Koreas were made for land-based Lee, Jisun; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4, economic developments, paying less attention to Bangbae 3dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- coastal environmental management and ecosystem 2105-2964 [email protected] protection. It implies that the coastal environment would deteriorate, and military confrontation not The Masan Bay, a highly polluted semi-closed area, easily soluble if more cooperative mechanism is not is the most representative area demonstrating formulated and implemented to address different coastal environmental issues of Korea, such as issues from military, economic, and environmental deterioration of marine ecosystem, loss of tidal sectors in an integrated manner. Marine Peace Park mudflat, redtides, etc. In 2000, this Bay was re- Initiative adopted by RO Korea will provide a firm designated as a Special Management Area to base to tackle complicated situation in the coastal effectively control socio-economic activities of its transboundary area, especially in the western sea of watershed, which had directly impacted marine the Korean Peninsula. environments. Coastal stakeholders participated in reviewing and developing the framework plan to 491. (Paper) improve coastal environment of the Bay. It was Early Contractor Involvement for Infrastructure meaningful event because this participation was Development: Experiences and Challenges unparalleled case that stakeholders had experienced even though it was informal public Nijsten, Roel; Ministry of Transport Public Works consultation. Total pollutant load management and Watermanagement-EIA Centre, v.d. Burghweg system (TPLMS), a new policy, was introduced to 1, Delft, 2600 GA Netherlands Antilles. 00 31 (0)15 consider marine environmental carrying capacity in 251 83 43 Fax 00 31 (0) 15 251 85 55 coastal development in 2004. In the meantime, [email protected] | www.rijkswaterstaat.nl public awareness on coastal revitalization becomes increasing and TPLMS tends to function as a Arts, Jos; Ministry of Transport Public Works and regulatory institution on land developments such as Watermanagement, v.d. Burghweg 1, Delft, 2600 the expansion of industrial complex and houses, GA Netherlands Antilles. 00 31 (0)15 251 84 78 Fax and the reclamation. Accordingly, securing 00 31 (0) 15 251 85 55 [email protected] | stakeholders’ participation in decision-making www.rijkswaterstaat.nl system became an integral part in ensuring sustainable development. The newly formulated The Dutch Ministry of Transport strives for earlier policy includes the application of state-of-the-art involvement of market parties (contractors) for sciences, the assessment of scientific researches by strengthening its road development planning. The experts designated by each stakeholder, and the final objective of this policy is to achieve more public participation in decision-making process. sustainable projects with a broader scope in time (life-cycle) and space (area-oriented-approach). 667. (Paper) Military Paradox and Marine Peace Park in This paper addresses recent experiences gained Transboundary Coastal Area in the Korean with early market involvement in eight projects for Peninsula road, water and railway infrastructure. For these projects strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and Nam, Jungho; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4, threats are analysed addressing issues as: Bangbae 3dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- procedure, process and content. In addition, various 2105-2772 [email protected] alternative approaches for early market involvement in infrastructureplanning are discussed, in the Yook, Keunyung; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4, Netherlands and abroad. Bangbae 3dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- 2105-2757 [email protected] Subsequently, the paper discusses practical problems, pitfalls and solutions of early contracting Lee, Gusung; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4, in planning practice. Finally, the challenges for early Bangbae 3dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- contracting as a way towards sustainable 2105-2956 [email protected] development are drafted focussing on its potential role for a businesslike way of tiering of planning

100 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - process stages (SEA/EIA, sustainable building, considerations currently pose a major challenge EMS) and linking linear infrastructure with its spatial throughout the field; health economists developed a context. range of approaches to calculate (in)direct costs of diseases, treatments etc. The question comes up, if The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the and how economic valuation of health effects within ‘next frontier’ enlarging the scope of contracting: not HIAs takes place, or could/should in the future. only optimising a design in relation to material use (‘green procurement’) but also including a balanced To investigate this issue, the Department of Public mix of ecological, economical and social aspects Health, U Bielefeld, and the Institute of Public Health (e.g. ,Triple Bottom Line). NRW, Germany, together conducted an email survey. The answers of 68 participating experts and practitioners from 16 countries and from 353. (Paper) international organizations showed that so far, only Actual Condition of EIA Review Committees in a small fraction of them (7%) have conducted Japanese Local Governments economic valuations; more than one third (37%); however, at least sometimes discusses this option. Nishikizawa, Shigeo; University of Shiga Prefecture, Main obstacles seem to be lack of knowledge about 2500, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533 Japan. +81-749-28- methodological details, existing uncertainties, and 8270 Fax +81-749-28-8340 [email protected] various problems in defining economic value for effects on health. Cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, This study focuses on EIA review committees and and cost-utility analysis were nominated most conducted a questionnaire survey on 56 frequently as candidate methods. Participants also municipalities to grasp the actual condition and provided nearly 300 commentaries concerning problems of operational aspects of the committee. potentials and/or risks that these economic The following implications were obtained: (1) There valuations might have. were few opportunities of inquiries after the stage of F-EIS. This condition is also true of the on-site inspection after the stage of construction with the 531. (Paper) exception of the only part of municipalities such as Stakeholder Participation in the Road Planning Saitama prefecture. (2) Three are 27 municipalities and EIA Process: The Case E22/Eastern where it took less than a year until a submission of Entrance to Riga in Latvia draft EIS from the completion of a scoping stage. (3) A few committees had requested considerable Nuesink, Jan; DHV, Environment and revisions of EIA or had a negative judgment for the Transportation, Laan 1914 nr. 35, Amersfoort, 3818 project itself. (4) Almost all of the municipalities have EX Netherlands. +31-33-4682713 Fax +31-33- disclosed both of the meeting and minute except 4 4682801 [email protected] | www.dhv.com committees. Furthermore, internet disclosure had a tendency not to be sufficient. (5) Relating to the Martins Dias, Luis; DHV, Environment and members of the committee, there were few Transportation, Laan 1914 nr. 35, Amersfoort, 3818 committees that included an expert on the EIA EX Netherlands. +31-33-4682604 Fax +31-33- system. Meanwhile, there were no cases to join the 4682801 [email protected] | www.dhv.com member by public offering at the point of time to conduct survey. Also, most of administrators regard Kempenaar, Christa; EIA/Transportation Centre, the member by public offering less important. Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, Van der Burghweg 1, Delft, 2600 GA Netherlands. +31-15-2518483 Fax +31-15-2518555 253. (Poster) [email protected] | Economic Valuation of Health Effects within www.minvenw.nl Health Impact Assessments’ (HIA)

Bultink, Benno; Ministry of Transport, Public Works Nowacki, Julia; University of Bielefeld / KPMG, and Water Management, Gildemeestersplein 1, Weisshausstr. 42, Cologne, 50939 Germany. +49- Arnhem, 6800 ED Netherlands. +31-26-3688833 221-2073-1233 [email protected] Fax +31-26-3634897 [email protected] |

www.partnersforroads.nl Fehr, Rainer; Institute of Public Health (loegd) NRW,

Westerfeldstr. 35-37, Bielefeld, 33611 Germany. The E22/Eastern Entrance to Riga is one of the first +49-521-8007-253 Fax +49-521-8007-299 highways to be developed in Latvia, in the rapidly [email protected]| expanding (residential) eastern part of the capital

Riga. At the moment, Riga is connected to the east Context, survey method and results will be by the motorway A6, but this road provides summarized in the poster. insufficient capacity. Furthermore, new residential

and commercial zones are planned in this area. The Public health experts widely agree that policies, preliminary planning process, including EIA programs and projects of numerous sectors preparation, is presently ongoing. Several new road decidedly influence health determinants, hence the alignments are possible, and all alignments have surge of interest in prospective “Health Impact Assessments” (HIA). Likewise, economic

101 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - different significant adverse impacts in the suburban stakeholders (the regional authority, local authorities areas of Riga city. and the business community), next to the main financing provided by the Ministry of Transport. This Spatial planning is organized bottom-up in Latvia. has also influenced the stakeholder participation This means that local authorities are vital, deciding model. stakeholders that can impede road development. This requires their full and early involvement in the The case will present the applied stakeholder road planning process. Also, the local inhabitants participation model and the lessons learned. We have views on the new road and need to be would like to explore together with the participants of involved in the process. Currently, stakeholder the session the possible applications of this participation is limited, delaying the planning approach in other road development projects. process and possibly requiring even new alignments. The present lack of cooperation between interested parties needs a breakthrough. 490. (Paper) The New Era of HIA in Thailand: The HIA Annual We would like to discuss the current status in Report 2006 and the Strategies for Future HIA relation to stakeholder participation, and the options Development in Thailand available for turning the road planning process into a sustainable, participatory and constructive one. Nuntavorakarn, Suphakit; Healthy Public Policy Foundation, 126/146 Bamrasnaradura Institute, Room 405, Tiwanon Road, Muang, Nonthaburi, 530. (Paper) 11000 Thailand. (+66-2) 951 0616 Fax (+66-2) 951 Stakeholder Participation in the Road Planning 1482 [email protected] | www.hpp-hia.or.th and EIA Process: The Case N18/Achterhoek in the Netherlands Sukkumnoed, Decharut; Healthy Public Policy Foundation, 126/146 Bamrasnaradura Institute, Nuesink, Jan; DHV, Environment and Room 405, Tiwanon Road, Muang, Nonthaburi, Transportation, Laan 1914 nr. 35, Amersfoort, 3818 11000 Thailand. (+66-2) 951 0616 Fax (+66-2) 951 EX Netherlands. +31-33-4682713 Fax +31-33- 1482 [email protected] | www.hpp-hia.or.th 4682801 [email protected] | www.dhv.com Chuenchit, Wipawa; Healthy Public Policy Martins Dias, Luis; DHV, Environment and Foundation, 126/146 Bamrasnaradura Institute, Transportation, Laan 1914 nr. 35, Amersfoort, 3818 Room 405, Tiwanon Road, Muang, Nonthaburi, EX Netherlands. +31-33-4682604 Fax +31-33- 11000 Thailand. (+66-2) 951 0616 Fax (+66-2) 951 4682801 [email protected] | www.dhv.com 1482 [email protected] | www.hpp-hia.or.th

Kempenaar, Christa; EIA/Transportation Centre, Since 2000, Thailand has embarked on the journey Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water of developing HIA. Its beginning was triggered from Management, Van der Burghweg 1, Delft, 2600 GA the National Health System Reform, then the HIA Netherlands. +31-15-2518483 Fax +31-15-2518555 Program was launched by the Health Systems [email protected] | Research Institute and the HIA Division was set up www.minvenw.nl under the Ministry of Public Health. HIA has been implemented in various issues by different actors. Bultink, Benno; Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, Gildemeestersplein 1, In 2005, the ministerial cabinet approved the Arnhem, 6800 ED Netherlands. +31-26-3688833 resolution on HIA development in response to the Fax +31-26-3634897 [email protected] | recommendation of the National Economics and www.partnersforroads.nl Social Advisory Council. The Tenth National Economics and Social Development Plan 2007- The N18/Achterhoek is an existing motorway in the 2011 also specifies the goals and indicators on HIA Eastern part of the Netherlands. Due to road safety development. Last but not least, the National Health issues, deterioration of the local living environment Act, which affirms the rights of Thai people to and the wishes to improve accessibility and request for and participate in HIA, will be entry into enhance economic development, the road will be force in the beginning of 2007. upgraded. Various alternatives are being considered, including new alignments, diversions around city The HIA Annual Report 2006 is the result of the centers, and enlargement of existing sections. The collaboration between all key organizations related Trajectory Note/EIA is currently being prepared. to HIA. The report will provide the comprehensive picture of HIA development in Thai society. More Stakeholder participation has been deemed importantly, it set out the vision, goals, and important and the project has been marked as pilot strategies for HIA development during the next five project for an improved form of public involvement in years, which can be considered as ‘the New Era of the road planning and EIA process, entitled “public HIA Development’, because of all of these enabling participation new style.” A clear participation model institutional foundations. has been designed in which stakeholders are – to varying degrees – involved in the road planning process. Furthermore, the road is partly financed by

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419. (Paper) consolidates the sustainable development Growth, Conservation and Responsibility; programmes of the Nigerian government aimed at Promoting Good Governance and Corporate reduction of poverty and ensure better wellbeing of Stewardship through Impact Assessment: Niger her citizens especially in the Niger Delta. Delta Experience.

Nwiisuator, David; Rivers State University of 299. (Poster) Science and Technology, Port Harcourt. P.M.B 5080, Alternatives in High Voltage Substation Project Department of Forestry and Environment, Port EIAs: One Engineering Approach Harcourt, Rivers State 234 Nigeria. 2348030846142 x [email protected] Obradovic, Bora; MEGA (Municipal Economic Growth Activity) Program in Serbia, Osmana Djikica Emerhi, E.A.; Rivers State University of Science and 3, Belgrade, 11000 Yugoslavia. ++381 11 2071 951 Technology, Port Harcourt. P.M.B 5080, Department Fax ++381 11 2071 950 bora_obradovic@ui- of Forestry and Environment, Port Harcourt, Rivers serbia.org State 234 Nigeria. 2348022239573 [email protected] Criterion for alternative judgment as specified in the Serbian EIA Rule-book are location or trace, Oyebade, Bukola, A.; Rivers State University of technology or production processes, working Science and Technology, Port Harcourt. P.M.B 5080, methods, location plans and project designs, type Department of Forestry and Environment, Port and choice of the material, project time schedules, Harcourt, Rivers State 234 Nigeria. 2348056239312 operation and decommissioning, start and end time [email protected] of project implementation, production volume, pollution control, waste management, access control Wolf, C.P.; Social Impact Assessment Centre, 423 and traffic, responsibility and environmental Broome Street, New York, NY United States. protection control, training, monitoring, emergency +12129662708 [email protected] planning and de commissioning, location rehabilitation and post project usage. A survey conducted in Ogoni part of Rivers State, Nigeria, 2005 on the utility of nypa palm (Nypa Similar to the other international practice, the fructicans) showed that rural communities depend consideration of alternatives is the obligatory part of on some species that had been tagged “ecological Project Environmental Impact Assesment (EIA), nuisant species.” The study indicated that 75% of pursuant to applicable Serbian Rule-book on EIA. In respondents use nypa for mats, roofing,and even the article 5 of the mentioned document 17 young seeds are eaten as food in the rural areas. criterions are specified as obligatory factors for This natural species has great importance in alternative judgment. economic development and can improve the livelihood of rural communities. Sometimes the creation of alternative solutions is a complicated task (for example, when object under Amid youths’ restiveness and high unemployment in consideration exists as a part of huge system, Nigeria, especially in the Niger Delta region, the planned on much more strategic levels, or technical Niger Delta project is part of the government’s solutions are, at current status of BAT unique and sustainable development programmes initiated by could not be altered) – typical examples are the Nigerian affiliate of the international Association transformer substations as a part of the biggest for impact Assessment (IAIA-Nigeria) to be achieved today’s technical systems – power systems. In the through community development projects and method proposed in this poster paper, the balance national development programmes like the National between EIA legal requirements and project options' Economic, Empowerment and Development restrictions is achieved by adopting those 17 Strategies (NEEDS) and its corresponding ancillary obligatory criterions as criteria parameters in multi programmes at the state and Local levels; SEEDS criteria analysis matrix. With such approach, the and LEEDS respectively. As a complementary roles whole alternative assesment process is transferred of IAIA-Nigeria whose purpose is to assist from qualitative to the quantitative assesment, and, communities, governments and industries in what is even more important, the focus of interests securing equality, prosperity and tranquility” for the moves from the expert subjective assesment to the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and to ensure grass transparent discussion about criterion importance, root participatory economic and environmental so alternative solutions are not necessary to be management programmes in which household elaborated in details – only regarding adopted participatory projects (HPP) a microcosm of criteria. participatory technology development via participatory rural development strategies (PRDS) enhance participation of the rural poor.

Growth, Development and prudent management of natural resources especially non-oil resources abundant in the Niger Delta could quell the resources crisis ,improve rural welfare and

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600. (Paper) Lee, Dong-Kun; Seoul National University, San 56-1, The Appraisal of Growthand Conservation in Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2-880- Promoting Corporate Governance of 4875 [email protected] Sustainability Kim, Jae-Uk; Seoul National University, San 56-1, Odekunle, Jokotade Folasade; Nigerian Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2-880- Environmental Study Team, 1,Osoba Idishin, Ibadan, 4885 [email protected] Oyo 23402 Nigeria. 2348027402821 [email protected] The purposes of this study are, first, the chronological analysis of North Korean forest to One example of good governance is ensuring that confirm the feasibility of A/R CDM in North Korea; the electorate is given regular opportunities for free second, the economic feasibility study to compare and fair elections, but the need for stakeholder CER income with forestation income. The results of discussions between elections is equally important this study are first the suitable A/R CDM sites are and often overlooked. 174,542ha on the basis of the forestation change analysis in North Korea. From this view, the paper will look at how growth and conservation promotes good governance, how Second, it is found that A/R CDM Project can be corruption affects good governance, who should be applied to restore deforested land. IRR is 6.70% involved in the corporate governance and the including wood sales on the basis of CER price, 15 impacts of governance (bad or good) on growth and U$/tCO2. Also, even without wood sales, 45% of conservation. total cost can be covered by CER income.

For a long time, there have been divergent views on Third, the profit of the project greatly increases in the man-environment resource nexus. Economist as case of Joint Implementation or domestic forestation. well as other schools of thought with capitalist If North Korea and South Korea are subject to the perspectives of the environment contend that the Kyoto obligation; consequently the project’s scheme environment offers man limitless resources of becomes JI, or the project’s scheme becomes growth. domestic forestation as Kyoto Mechanism after unification, CER income itself amounts to IRR of One area that was readily seen to promote 5.16%, and the profit increase about 5 times than economic growth was industrial development. So it A/R CDM through the sensitivity analysis. was that effects were geared towards industrialization in every part of the world without stopping to think what the effect could be on the 707. (Paper) environment. Movement of Eco-Village for ESSD in Korea

In addition, habitat loss is the primary threat to Oh, Won Jin; Department of Urban Planning, terrestrial biodiversity. Since the survival of the Cheongju University, 36 Naedok-Dong, Cheongju, inhabitants depends on the exhaustible resources of Chungbuk 360-764 Korea. +82-43-229-8274 the environment, it therefore calls for careful [email protected] management of the environmental resources. Growth is no longer an overall aim of economic Lee, Jong Ho; Department of Urban Planning, development, having been replaced by stability as a Cheongju University, 36 Naedok-Dong, Cheongju, desirable goal. Chungbuk 360-764 Korea. +82-43-229-8279 Fax +82-43-229-8233 [email protected] Thus conservation is defined as the management of human use of the biosphere so that it may yield to Recently there have been many urban environment greatest sustainable benefit to present generations problems such as heavy concentration, real estate while maintaining its potential to meet the needs and speculation, urban sprawl, environmental pollution, aspirations of future generation. traffic congestion, crimes, and alienation, etc. Such problems result in the effort or movement for Thereof, good governance is a very important environmentally sustainable urban development. determinant of economic growth and the improvement of people’s livelihoods. Since 1980s the eco-city has been appeared by Ministry of Environment and Green-city presented by local government, with the objectives of 698. (Paper) environmentally sustainable development. Local A Study on A/R CDM Application of Deforested governments have provided various incentives and Land in North Korea other kinds of support.

Oh, Young-Chool; Seoul National University, San In addition, since the 1990s eco-village has been 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82-2- suggested and now comes true for the ecosystem 880-4885 [email protected] preservation and community cultural conservation. The eco-village has been planned and supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

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The object of this study is to suggest some Lee, Dong-kun; Seoul National University, San 56-1 alternatives for eco-village. Thus the study analyzes Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-743 Korea. the examples of eco-city, green-city and eco-village 82-2-880-4875 Fax 82-2-875-2276 in Korea, tries to find out the problems of existing [email protected] eco-village, and suggests a beneficial eco-village considering effects on neighboring villages Jang, Seong-wan; Eco&Bio Corporation, 397-25 Songcheon-ri, Sudong-myeon, Namyangju, Gyunggi-do 472-852 Korea. 82-31-959-9260 Fax 414. (Paper) 82-31-959-9263 [email protected] Air Pollution and New Town Developments in the Seoul Metropolitan Area Yoon, So-won; Seoul Metropolitan Facilities Management Corp., 540 Cheonggyecheon-ro, Oh, Kyushik; Hanyang University, Department of Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-2290-7111 Urban Planning, Hanyang University, 17 [email protected] Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea. +82 2 2220 0336 Fax +82 2 2291 4739 It is well established that rooftop greening of [email protected] buildings can serve to reduce both the surface temperature and the indoor temperature. In fact, Jeong, Seunghyun; Hanyang University, rooftop greening is regarded as an effective Department of Urban Planning, Hanyang University, ecological method for improving microclimate, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea. mitigating the Urban Heat island (UHI) effect, and +82 2 2298 5410 Fax +82 2 2291 4739 saving energy consumption for cooling. The [email protected] significance of this study is that it confirmed the temperature reduction effects of greenroofs, which Urban developments have been continuing depend on vegetation, soil type, and soil depth. In ceaselessly to satisfy the growing demand for particular, the results showed that greenroof can housing in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. However, reduce the surface temperature by 10°C with soil, these new town developments are responsible for and by another 10°C with vegetation. Greenroofs increased various environmental problems. Among can offer thermal protection, which can reduce the these problems, air pollution, which is a very thermal load of buildings by up to 0.8~2°C. An important factor in determining the quality of life, is extensive greenroof with a 10°C soil media can spreading from Seoul to neighboring new town reduce the surface temperature by approximately areas. 20°C indoor temperature by approximately 1.4°C; at 2 p.m. in summer. The findings of this research can Although the Korean government has been be used as a scientific basis to suggest the undertaking efforts to improve air quality, there have conditions of vegetation, soil types, and soil depth of not been any significant positive effects because the an extensive greenroof as an effective means of the focus of policies has been on controlling the total temperature reduction. amount of pollutants.

413. (Paper) Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the The Influence of Urban Development Density on correlation between air pollution and new town Water Pollution developments using density factors to determine their contribution to air pollution. The results from Oh, Kyushik; Department of Urban Planning, simulated analysis in this study are as follows: The Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, level of air pollution in developed areas was found to Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Korea 133-791, Seoul, Korea. be higher than in other places. Moreover, air 82-2-2220-0336 Fax 82-2-2295-2642 pollution of employment centers and commercial- [email protected] business areas where heavy traffic volumes can typically be found, were determined to be higher Lee, Dongwoo; Department of Urban Planning, than in other areas. Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Korea 133-791, Seoul, Korea. The outcome of this study can contribute to the 82-2-2298-5410 Fax 82-2-2291-4739 establishment of better urban development [email protected] strategies with long-term and wider area considerations. Water pollution is worsening due to increases of impermeable layers and unusual weather. Moreover,

703. (Paper) insufficiency of the self-cleaning capacity in sub- The Analysis of Temperature Reduction Effect of basins causes serious water pollution during dry An Extensive Greenroof seasons. Another major area of water pollution is occurring in watersheds located in lower reaches. Oh, Seung-hwan; Seoul National University, San 56-1 Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-743 Environmental impacts of urban development have Korea. 82-2-880-4875 Fax 82-2-875-2276 been known to function cumulatively in watershed [email protected] areas. Because increase of impermeable layer and pollution sources is being caused by urbanization,

105 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - an effective water pollution reduction program should be established through the forecasting of These days, we are realizing the earth’s resources flow rate and water quality. are limited and facing the fact that future sustainable human life is in decline. To secure future human life, This study analyzed dynamic variations of water we have to tackle problems more intelligently and quality by using HSPF in the upper reaches of the hopefully even with some ethical approach. For the TanCheon watershed area. Environmental impacts global land use plan, we only have a poor general caused by urban developments were analyzed by strategy which cannot cope with the future decline. comparing density factors (ex. population, We have to pursue solar energy incorporation to be employment, land use, etc.) with changes of water maximized where there are only limited earth pollution. The results revealed that water pollution resources and take this into consideration as a basis has increased exponentially with urban development for land use plan. density factors. This study determined that urban development strategies need to be established in The concept of natural resources can be considered consideration to changes in regional and long term as an ecosystem with living and non-living matter. water pollution to manage water quality more The idea will be represented by ‘Land’ explained by effectively. Leopold in his book Sand County Almanac or ‘Ecotessera’ explained in one case in Jenny’s book named Natural Resource. In defining an inventory, it 567. (Paper) is necessary to be rated or valued in one way or Implementing Social Issues in a Trunk Road another. In short, we need to have a process of Project In Ghana epistemological and axiological steps. To establish a framework for utilizing the natural resources Ohene Sarfoh, Rita; Ghana Highway Authority, inventory, we already have such sites as museums, Ormsby Road, Accra, GP 1641 Ghana. +233-21- libraries, institutions and government agencies. 666591-4 Fax +233-21-665571 Then we can make use of them for planning for the [email protected] future, with appropriate organizational principle.

The Government of Ghana with assistance from the Danish International Development Agency 125. (Paper) (DANIDA) is rehabilitating a 46 kilometre Konongo - Economic Development, Urban Growth and Kumasi road and the associated socio-economic Impacts: Issues of Livelihood, Vulnerability and activities. The main objective of the component is to Sustainability in Yenagoa Metropolitan Area, help stimulate growth of the Ghanaian economy Bayelsa State, Nigeria through cost minimisation on the trunk road network, as well as to improve road safety. Ojile, Meshach; Niger Delta University, 15, St. Kirpal/Ezeagu Lane, Off Trans Amadi Road, The road section forms an important part of one of Rumuobiakani, Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt and Ghana’s principal highways, connecting not only the Yenagoa, Rivers/Bayelsa, Niger Delta 500001 country’s capital with its second largest city, but also Nigeria. +234-84-8033410061 Fax +234-84-236356 providing the primary means of access to the [email protected] northern part of the country. The road also serves as an international transit route for Ghana’s Yenagoa, the metropolitan capital of Bayelsa State, landlocked neighbours of Burkina Faso, Mali and Nigeria, has continued to witness an unprecedented Niger. increase in its population since 1996 when it became a capital territory in addition to its status as The project had a separate budget allocated to the headquarters of Yenagoa LGA. Constrained by address the socio-economic needs of the its own physical setting, situated on a uniquely communities along the road corridor. The complex ecologically low-plain topography, largely methodology used was participatory to identify and of wetlands and back-swamps that is susceptible to prioritised the needs of the beneficiary communities seasonal flooding, the overall terrain of the area and has built market stalls with sanitary facilities, constitutes a problem to development. The State toilets and boreholes facilities to replace old has and has continued to witnessed rapid economic dilapidated and non-existing ones. development, but unfortunately, the prevailing patterns of resource use remains largely un- sustainable. Development planning and projects’ 782. (Paper) implementation are not been guided by impact Concept of Natural Resources Inventory and assessment (IA) to provide mitigation for anticipated Framework of Utilization adverse impacts. So far, some telling consequences are beginning to emerge for this lack of Ohkura, Toshiaki; National Institute for Agro- environmental input. Another dimension of the Environmental Sciences, Japan. development tragedy is the spatial amalgamation or [email protected] transformation of previously non-urban areas into urban area, occasioned by the annexation of several Hamada, Ryunosuke; Tokyo University of communities as part of the greater Yenagoa Agriculture & Technology, Japan. [email protected] metropolis. This urban growth and urbanization net.ne.jp scenario has impact on livelihoods and is also

106 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - creating economic vulnerability. The paper looks at stakeholders’ implication and participation, the implication of government’s development drive limitations on the use of certain tools, time from sustainable development perspectives. constraints and interaction with other assessment or planning instruments.

215. (Paper) Evaluation of Sustainability in Spatial Planning 577. (Paper) and Management. Shortcomings in the Applying the OECD Guidance on Strategic Implementation of an Integrated Approach at Environmental Assessment. Capacity Sub-Regional Scale Development in the Context of German Technical Cooperation Olazabal, Marta; LABEIN Tecnalia, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 700, Derio, 48160 Olearius, Axel; German Technical Cooperation Spain. 0034946073300 [email protected] | (GTZ), Tulpenfeld 2, Bonn, 53113 Germany. +49 http://www.labein.es 228 98533-28 [email protected] | www.gtz.de

García, Gemma; LABEIN Tecnalia, Parque Lossack, Harald; German Technical Cooperation Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 700, Derio, 48160 (GTZ), Tulpenfeld 2, Bonn, 53113 Germany. +49 Spain. 0034946073300 [email protected] | 228 98533-28 [email protected] | www.gtz.de http://www.labein.es Trainings of the German Technical Cooperation Santa Coloma, Oscar; LABEIN Tecnalia, Parque (GTZ) are designed to empower people to Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 700, Derio, 48160 participate in political, economic and social life and Spain. 0034946073300 [email protected] | to modify the structures in environmental policy http://www.labein.es making and in management of natural resources geard toward sustainable development and poverty Urzelai, Arantzazu; LABEIN Tecnalia, Parque reduction. Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 700, Derio, 48160 Spain. 0034946073300 [email protected] | The presentation illustrates (a) Germany's http://www.labein.es application of the "OECD Good Practice Guidance on Strategic Environmental Assessment in Feliu, Efren; LABEIN Tecnalia, Parque Tecnológico Development Co-operation," (b) purposes and de Bizkaia, Edificio 700, Derio, 48160 Spain. results of our training on Strategic Environmental 0034946073300 [email protected] | Assessment, and (c) its innovative, interactive and http://www.labein.es effective learning methodology including its benefits and limits. Aspuru, Itziar; LABEIN Tecnalia, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 700, Derio, 48160 Core elements of the SEA Training are Harvard Spain. 0034946073300 [email protected] | Business School based case-works in groups, http://www.labein.es simulations and short conceptual inputs. Participants around the world have so far worked on This paper presents results and conclusions from fictive case studies on Transport and Poverty the development and validation of an integrated Reduction Strategies in order to facilitate a transfer approach focused on sustainable spatial of knowledge and to stregthening respective management which aims to be used by territorial capacitites to build and to implement their own SEA managers on the implementation of strategies and strategies or to cope with existing legislation. plans on regional and local scales but also to set goals and management action lines. This study is The training has been developed by the German part of “OIKOS,” a strategic research project 2005- Technical Cooperation (GTZ) and Capacity Building 2006 for Environmental and Sustainable Spatial International (InWEnt) on behalf of the Federal Planning and Management. Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The OIKOS IDSS (Integrated Decision Support System) project has been developed as an integrated system focused on the regional and local 322. (Poster) level of sustainable spatial management and to be Impacts of GTZ/InWEnt Training on SEA used during the decision making processes. It is based on a coherent set of tools that include a set of Olearius, Axel; GTZ, Tulpenfeld 2, Bonn, 53113 sustainability indicators, a database management Germany. 0049-228-985-3328 system, GIS, multicriteria analysis, cost-benefit [email protected] analysis, concept modelling and participatory tools. Lossack, Harald; GTZ, Tulpenfeld 2, Bonn, 53113 Conclusions will focus on the constraints and Germany. 0049-228-985-3328 limitations which take place during the development [email protected] and validation of an integrated approach for the assessment of sustainability, especially in terms of The poster shows the application, evaluation and impact of our SEA training in various processes

107 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - within development co-operation. The training itself 283. (Paper) is based on both practical perennial experiences SEA Approach for Global Warming: A Concept with impact assessment tools in development co- and Methodology operation and the “Good Practice Guidance on Applying SEA in Development Co-operation,” the Onyango, Vincent; Brandenburg University of offical guidance of the OECD Development Technology, P.O Box 101344, Cottbus, 03046 Assistance Committee Germany. +49-176-20346229 [email protected] The training has been developed by the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) and Capacity Building Global warming has been largely blamed on International (InWEnt) on behalf of the Federal unsustainable increases in carbon dioxide Ministry for Economic Cooperation and concentrations, with landuse change contributing Development (BMZ). 20% of anthropogenic carbon emissions. Soils store about 230 times the amount of carbon now released through the burning of fossil fuels, about twice as 238. (Paper) much carbon than the atmosphere, three times Environmental and Moral Consequences of more carbon than the vegetation medium. Also, Industrialized Meat Production and Trade landuse change can singly free up to 50% of its current soil carbon and exacerbate global warming. Oleson, Kirsten; Stanford University, 128 19th St, SEA can appropriately provide a methodical and Apt 8, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 United States. 650- systematic avenue to optimise the terrestrial 380-3950 [email protected] medium in addressing global warming. The instrumentality of such an SEA is in optimising the Burke, Marshall; Stanford University, Encina 417E, balance between terrestrial sinks and sources, in Stanford, CA 94305 United States. relation to landuse and landuse changes; and the [email protected] approach of decision windows is key to this methodology. Such an SEA has the advantage of McCullough, Ellen; FAO, Rome, Italy. providing a globally sanctioned platform for [email protected] resolving equity issues that have been between the “developed” and “developing countries.” The Gaskell, Joanne; Stanford University, Encina Hall approach offers explicit mechanisms to distill and 400E, Stanford, CA 94305 United States. instill the decisional imperative and methodical [email protected] procedures to potentially sequester carbon amounts equivalent to four times the current capacity of the Meat production has serious consequences for local Kyoto Protocol. This SEA approach is a theoretical environments. The full extent of these harms to local conceptual model and is still open to discussion and waterways, landscapes, and air is difficult to revision. determine, and the costs are rarely included in decisions about where and how to produce meat. 166. (Paper) Trade further complicates the identification and Identification of the Social and Environmental control of these negative environmental Impact Assessment of Land Titles Policies on consequences by separating production from the Indigenous Populations of the Peruvian consumption. Producers might underestimate the Amazonia. Consolidation of the Communal local environmental impacts of their meat exports, Property of the Indigenous Communities while consumers might enjoy meat at far below its Asháninka as a Strategy true cost. Ortega Vásquez, Nancy Milagros; Instituto del Bien Our model constitutes a first attempt to quantify and Comun, Calle Bartolome Ruiz No 293 - Lima 03, make spatially explicit the nitrogen, water, and land Lima 03 Peru. 511 440 0006 Fax 511 440 6688 inputs into traded meat for four case study nations [email protected] (Japan, the US, the Netherlands, and Brazil). Our results are startling: over 60% of the nitrogen The principal objective of this paper is to assess the releases from Japan’s meat consumption occurs impact of land titles policies of the Peruvian overseas; 5% of the US’s total water withdrawals is government that contribute to the disintegration of used to produce meat consumed in other nations; the communal territories of the indigenous people in and foreign consumption of meat uses over half of the Peruvian Amazonia. Also, it evaluates how Brazil’s feed-growing land. these policies oriented to the individual land titling have the intention to maximize the use of Amazon As more information becomes available about the land and of its natural resources, but simultaneously far-flung and increasingly significant environmental they contribute to the deterioration and the consequences of meat consumption, consumers degradation of the Amazonian forests. and producers alike will be faced with moral choices about their habits, and decision-makers will have to The communal property has been demonstrated to intervene to protect social goals. be efficient, and therefore it would be necessary to make a reformulation of the land policies in order to

108 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - stimulate the communal titling instead of the both public and private sector operations and individual titling. activities.

In this work it will be sustained that it is necessary to The paper will look into how EIA can be used in fortify the State institutions with a suitable allocation identifying needs and projects that CSR can of the roles and transparency in the procedures, address including those that do not necessarily towards a territorial ordering of the Amazonia and in related to the corporate agenda a frame of recognition and respect to the pre- existing rights of the amazonian indigenous people, The paper aims at convincing corporates on the contributing this way to a sustainable development importance of EIA and other related tools is one way with an efficient management of natural resources of devising CSR programs and projects. that reduces the social pressure in the area and prevents greater conflicts in the zone. 762. (Poster)

Municipal Training, EIA 144. (Paper) Water Governance and Sustainable Use of Water Padilla-Velasco, Carmen Elena; Gerencia Resources in Uganda Through EIA Ambiental,TGU, Honduras, Barrio Morazan, Tegucigalpa, FM Honduras. 504 9280659 Fax 504 Osaliya, Richard; Barugah Planning Consultants, 2366296 [email protected] P.O.Box 3103, Kampala, KAMPALA, Uganda. +256782451815 [email protected] The GMDAM-AMDC Gerencia de Manejo y Desarrollo Ambiental Municipal, of Tegucigalpa, Water is critical for human health and well-being. It Honduras, carried out a training workshop on has been described ‘as a wonderful substance,’ ‘the environmental issues and mainly on EIA between noblest of the elements’ and ‘the first of things.’ February-March 2007. Social and economic development cannot occur unless with adequate supplies of fresh water. Its This program was developed as a part of an sustainable use can promote economic, social institutional strengthening initiative, supported by development, political stability and ecosystem FORCUENCAS, a European Union environmental integrity. Water governance refers to the range of project for the region. political, economic, social and administrative systems put in place to develop and manage water It is expected to serve as a pilot project for the rest resources and the delivery of water services at of the municipalities within the country with local different society levels. It comprises mechanisms, environmental units, due to the importance of local processes and institutions through which authorities and communities in the management of stakeholders, including citizens and interest groups their environment and natural resources in pursuing articulate their priorities, exercise their legal rights, sustainability. meet their legal obligations and mediate their differences. In Uganda, EIA has become a useful The poster aims to show the above, and exchange tool in sustainable management of water resources. with other professionals involve in central and local This paper seeks to illustrate how EIA is promoting governments their views and experiences within the water governance and sustainable use of water issue, focused on capacity building programs. resources in Uganda. It will review key elements of water governance and assess how EIA has contributed to sustainable management of water 369. (Paper) resources, assess the challenges of implementing Health Benefits of Reducing PM10 through the EIA in management of water resources and make Seoul Air Quality Management Plan recommendations on how it can be used to improve water governance and sustainable use of water Park, Jeongim; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 resources in Uganda. Bulgwang, Seoul, 122706 Korea. 82 2 380 7654 [email protected]

306. (Paper) Bae, Hyunjoo; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 Role of Environment and Social Impact Bulgwang, Seoul, 122706 Korea. 82 2 380 7714 Assessment in Corporate Social Responsibility [email protected]

Oyaro, Duncan; ESF Consultants, Menelik Road, Kim, Myung-Hyun; Korea Environment Institute, Nairobi, Nairobi 00100 Kenya. 254 020 3876512 613-2 Bulgwang, Seoul, 122706 Korea. 82 2 380 Fax 254 010 3860608 7669 [email protected] [email protected] | www.esfconsultants.org Ha, Jong-sik; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 Bulgwand, Seoul, 122706 Korea. 82 2 380 7754 The paper attempts to assess and analyse the role [email protected] of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in designing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in BenMAP, developed by the US EPA, is a GIS-based software tool that estimates the health impacts and

109 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - associated economic values connected with represents the high NPS wash off potential, was changes in ambient air pollution. produced using GIS and the modified universal soil loss equation. It is expected that PM10-related premature mortality be reduced from employing air quality control 461. (Poster) measures. In this study, health benefits from A Study on the GIS-Based Environmental Impact implementing the Seoul Air Quality Management Evaluation for Route Alignment Plan 2014 were assessed using BenMAP, or the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Park, Mi Ran; Ajou University, Ajou Univ. Program developed by US EPA. SAQMP 2014 is a Woncheon-dong, Suwon Si Yeongtong-gu, landmark policy in Korea that stipulates emission Gyeonggi-Do, Suwon, Korea. +82-31-219-2408 standards, a total air pollution load manager system, [email protected] an emission trading system, the supply of low emission vehicles, and so forth. The plan has set its Lee, Sang Eun; Ajou University, Ajou Univ. goal of PM10 at annual average of 40 ug/m3 in Woncheon-dong, Suwon Si Yeongtong-gu, 2014. Gyeonggi-Do, Suwon, Korea. +82-31-219-2401

[email protected] The PM10 concentrations assuming the SAQMP implemented successfully were predicted with the Choi, Yu Kyung; Ajou University, Ajou Univ. MM5 / CMAQ model. PM10 exposure related Woncheon-dong, Suwon Si Yeongtong-gu, premature mortality functions were developed using Gyeonggi-Do, Swon, Korea. +82-31-219-2408 death statistics and air pollution monitoring data of [email protected] Seoul. Economic valuation functions driven from benefit transfer methods were utilized. Kang, Ho Geun; Ajou University, Ajou Univ. Through the SAQMP, PM10 concentrations were Woncheon-dong, Suwon Si Yeongtong-gu, estimated to be lowered by 15 mg3 to 75 mg3; Gyeonggi-Do, Suwon, Korea. +82-31-219-2408 depending on air quality modeling grids. 2,031 [email protected] premature deaths could be avoided in the Seoul

Metropolitan Area. The economic value of the Choi, Han Na; Ajou University, Ajou Univ. deaths avoided was estimated to $4.8 billion (95% Woncheon-dong, Suwon Si Yeongtong-gu, CI $325 million ~ $10.3 billion) using the benefit Gyeonggi-Do, Suwon, Korea. +82-31-219-1733 transfer value. [email protected]

679. (Poster) Lee, Jae Hee; Ajou University, Ajou Univ. Assessment of Pollutant Accumulation and Woncheon-dong, Suwon Si Yeongtong-gu, Washoff Potential on an Urban Area Gyeonggi-Do, Suwon, Korea. +82-31-219-2408 [email protected] Park, Sangyoung; Korea Institute of Water and Environment, 462-1 Jeonmin-dong, Daejeon, 305- Road construction has an extensive impact on our 730 Korea. -82-42-870-7472 environment and this impact is hardly restorable. So [email protected] social conflict caused by road construction has increased continually in Korea. As a means to treat Ha, Sungryong; Chungbuk National University, san- this kind of problem, there is EIA and pre-EIA in 12, Cheongju, Chungbuk Korea. -82-43-261-2497 Korea. But generally these are conducted after the [email protected] process of route alignment and there's no way to treat environmental issues in route alignment The quantitive understanding of pollutant properly. So these have a limitation as a solution for accumulation and washoff is a key task for a the problem in route alignment. successful urban runoff modelling. Runoff water quality modelling is a difficult task because the non- This study tried to approach this problem and has point sources (NPS) are diffuse places. This study derived the way of quantifying environmental issues investigated the pollutant build-up and washoff in route alignment. So this study also thought about potential based on field experiment and GIS the effective way of combing and decided to adapt a technique for urban runoff modelling. To estimate GIS based map overlay method. the pollutant accumulation and allocate the parameters in storm runoff modelling, a field To adapt a GIS-based map overlay method, a experiment of non-point source (NPS) pollutant (e.g., weighting process is needed. To weight each factor, dust and dirt) buildup was conducted on the study this study adapted AHP (Analytical Hierarchy catchment. An NPS measuring device (1m×1m Process), which is a kind of multicriteria decision rectangle) was installed at 2 locations of the each making process. So this study derived the way of land use category. The average accumulation ratio quantifying by using GIS and AHP. And by of dust and dirt was analyzed for 3 days and 7 days. performing a case study, this study examine For the washoff potential of NPS, universal soil loss effectiveness and availability of the method. equation (USEL) was employed with GIS. USLE is a method to handle this non-point source problem (Wischmeier and Smith, 1978). The risk map, which

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Though there are some limitations, the effectiveness affecting the Young-dong region, which mentioned a and availability of this method is verified and it is measure for reduction of typhoon disaster. The hoped to be used practically. years of affecting the Young-dong region have gradually increased. The rainfall of the Young-dong

421. (Poster) region caused by typhoon has increased. In Development of the Gyeongsangnam-do particular, the frequency of extreme precipitation Wetland Information System Based on Web-GIS events has significantly increased. Otherwise, it was very difficult to look up variation of maximum instantaneous wind speed. In the case of typhoon Park, Kyung-Hun; Changwon National University, 9 damage, the number of deaths has decreased but Sarim-dong, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 641- property damage has increased. The Young-dong 773 Korea. +82-55-279-7567 region was seriously damaged because it was [email protected] affected for two consecutive years with typhoon

"Rusa" in 2002 and typhoon "Maemi" in 2003. Jung, Sung-Gwan; Kyungpook National University, Typhoon "Rusa" caused 246 people dead or 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701 missing and 5.1 trillion won in property damage over Korea. +82-53-950-5783 [email protected] the South Korea. The Young-dong region accounted

for more than 50 percent of whole property You, Jun-Han; Changwon National University, 9 damages over South Korea, since the damage was Sarim-dong, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 641- 143 people dead or missing and 2.5 trillion won in 773 Korea. +82-55-279-7567 [email protected] property damage. Particularly, public facilities were

most seriously damaged. As a result, it is required to Kwon, Do-Gyun; Kyungpook National University, make up the hydrological system considering inflow 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701 and outflow. Korea. +82-53-950-5783 [email protected]

Kim, Kyung-Tae; Kyungpook National University, 596. (Paper) 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701 A New Decision Making Process for Korea. +82-53-950-5783 [email protected] Environment Friendly Resort Development - Case Study on Alpensia Resort Development Lee, Woo-Sung; Kyungpook National University, Project 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701 Korea. +82-53-950-5783 [email protected] Park, Se-Hoon; Ganwondo Development Corporation, Joongang Ro-1Ga, Chuncheon, The purpose of this study was to develop an Gangwondo, 200-041,Korea, Chuncheon, interactive Web-GIS and geodatabase for the Gangwondo, Korea. 82-33-259-6104 wetlands in Gyeongsangnam-do, Repulic of Korea, [email protected] providing digital wetlands data services. We used ArcIMS, a commercially available software, which Lee, Gyoung-Sook; Ganwondo Development was extended using a Oracle Database, Visual Corporation, 385,Yonsan-ri, Doam-myeon, Basic, ArcSDE, JSP, ASP to customize our Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwondo, 232-952,Korea, application. Our Web-based tool facilitates sharing Pyeongchang, Gangwondo, Korea. 82-33-330-4643 data globally and provides end-users a cost-saving [email protected] solution to access up-to-data spatial datasets customized for a specific topic to users with limited Jeong, Hoi-Seong; Korea Environment Institute, GIS knowledge. Regional agencies and others are 613-2, Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122- making increased use of our Web tool to assist in 706, Korea, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-380-7611 the decision-making process to restore and [email protected] preserve wetlands in Gyeongsangnam-do. Lee, Young-Shin; Korea Environment Institute, 613-

663. (Paper) 2, Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-706, Typhoon Damage Impact Assessment of the Korea, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-380-7669 Young-dong Region [email protected]

The Gangwon-do Development Cooperation plans Park, Chang Yong; Department of Geography, for the Winter Olympics basic core facilities to College of Science, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang- become an international tourist destination by dong, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-450-3432 82-2-3436- implementing it as an eco-friendly and sustainable 5433 [email protected] development project. While the main priority of this

project is to win the Winter Olympic bid for 2014, Lee, Hyoun-Young; Department of Geography, creating an eco-friendly development system is also College of Science, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang- a prime concern. dong, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-450-3432 82-2-3436-5433 [email protected] The Gangwon-do Development Cooperation

organized an Environment Consulting Committee for This study examined frequency, magnitude, Alpensia resort project since its basic planning intensity and damage for disaster due to typhoons stages. It is the first time a government company is

111 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - doing this. We are trying to implement a decision- 476. (Paper) making process through an initial green plan. The Linking SEA and City Development Strategy in green plan is monitored regularly by an NGO Vietnam monitoring team and we are planning to receive feedback for the design stage, construction stage, Partidario, Maria; IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon, operation stage and other stages. 1049-001 Portugal. +351-21-8418341 [email protected] This paper introduces the Alpensia Resort’s present conditions and proposes a new eco-friendly Paddon, Michael; Institute for Sustainable Futures, development planning system. This new eco-friendly University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. development planning system includes decision- [email protected] making processes as follows: 1) Preliminary investigations of existing Chau, Dao Minh; Swiss Agency for Development environmental conditions and and Cooperation, SDC Office, Hanoi, 44B Ly environmental capacity of the area. Thuong Kiet Street, G.P.O. Box 42, Hanoi, Viet Nam. 2) Making a total development plan according [email protected] to the investigations 3) Continuous monitoring plans of the Duyen, Nguyen van; Swiss Agency for Development development processes and preliminary and Cooperation, SDC Office, Hanoi, 44B Ly decision-making processes Thuong Kiet Street, G.P.O. Box 42, Hanoi, Viet Nam. [email protected]

681. (Poster) Eggenberger, Markus; Swiss Agency for Assessment of Groundwater Pollution and Development and Cooperation, SDC Office, Hanoi, Water Quality Susceptibility Using GIS-Based 44B Ly Thuong Kiet Street, G.P.O. Box 42, Hanoi, Drastic and MT3D Viet Nam. [email protected]

Park, Daehee; LOCUSSOLUTION Co.,Ltd., Seoul The review and enactment, in September 2006, of Venture Incubator Center 647-26, Seoul, Korea. - the Law on Environmental Protection in Vietnam, 82-02-2658-9867 [email protected] now requires SEA for various planning activities including provincial level cities under Central Park, Sangyoung; Korea Institute of Water and Government, a process led by the Ministry of Environment, 462-1 jeonmin-dong, Daejeon, Korea. Natural Resources and the Environment (MoNRE). -82-42-870-7472 [email protected] City Development Strategies (CDS) is an approach Ha, Sungryong; Chungbuk National University, san- to strategic planning at the city level. It promotes 12, Cheongju, Korea. -82-43-261-2497 comprehensive and integrated planning driven by [email protected] urban social and economic development priorities, including poverty alleviation. It builds on existing The land use condition and hydraulic soil property is policies and plans, promoting the concepts of closely related to groundwater pollution. DRASIC integration, comprehensiveness and flexibility in (US EPA) with GIS interface was employed to urban planning. CDS is increasingly used as a model the susceptibility of groundwater pollution. A planning approach in Vietnamese first, second and drilling survey for soil and groundwater data was third level cities, under the leadership of the Ministry conducted for 23 locations in Gimcheon-city area. of Construction (MoC) and the National Institute of MODFLOW and SCS-CN method were used to Urban and Regional Planning (NIURP). estimate groundwater table and recharge respectively. Drastic Index (DI) were extracted by The Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC) in overlaying the cell-based element map of Vietnam has initiated a project on the potential use groundwater table depth (D), recharge(R), aquifer of SEA to help integrate environmental issues into media (A), soil property (S), terrain (T), unsaturated CDS. The analysis of the principles, key concepts zone property (I), hydraulic conductivity (C). After and potential deliveries of SEA and CDS show delineation of high risk area of groundwater pollution, common grounds to enhance integrative the effect of the pollutant runoff to the groundwater approaches to urban sustainable development. This was estimated by MT3D model. The study results paper will present the SEA and CDS linkage indicate that a gently sloped urban area is most regarding methodological and urban-environment susceptible for groundwater pollution and the cross-related issues, and the challenges for groundwater quality could be improved at 84% by institutional and governance contexts. The particular preventing the sewage from leaking. case of Nam Dinh city will be referred as a pilot- example.

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508. (Paper) presents the capacity-building programme for SEA Building Capacity for SEA in Brazil in Brazil, the adopted concept and model of SEA, progress to date, and the next steps to be pursued. Partidário, Maria Rosario; IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon, 1049-001 Portugal. +351-21-8418341 [email protected] 515. (Paper) SEA for Strategic Assessment Amilivia Barreto, Fabricio; Federal Ministry of Environment - Executive Secretary for Environment, Partidário, Maria Rosario; IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco B - 6º andar, Lisbon, Portugal. +351-21-8418341 Brasilia - DF, 70068-900 Brazil. +55-61-40091224 [email protected] [email protected] Successful environmental integration requires de Goes Leite de Barros, Ruy; Federal Ministry of strategic integrated action. Strategic because it Environment - Programme for Environmental Quality needs to be thought within wider, long-term Protection and Improvement, Esplanada dos perspectives, seeing beyond the limits of the Ministérios, Bloco B - 6º andar, Brasília - DF, 70068- observable and even the expectable, paving the 900 Brazil. way, searching options, preparing contexts for what is wanted. It needs short and fast-track steps, a Freitas Couto, Leandro; Ministry of Planning - comprehensive understanding and flexible Secretary of Planning and Strategic Investment, intervention. Integrated because it has long been Brasília - DF, 70068-900 Brazil. recognized that the environment is part of society [email protected] and the economy, and that outside that reality no single, stand-alone environmental effort has any Teixeira, Izabella; IBAMA/Rio de Janeiro and chances of sustainable success. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - COPPE, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco I 2000, sala 208, Earlier premises point towards the application of Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundao, Rio de SEA with an EIA-based format. This was Janeiro, 21945-970 Brazil. increasingly materialized with the adoption of [email protected] European Directive 2001/42/CE. Other countries follow European footsteps, taking the European Araújo Soares, Vania; Federal Ministry of Directive as the paradigm of SEA. Question is: how Environment - Programme for Environmental Quality can strategic integration of environment be Protection and Improvement, Esplanada dos enhanced? Is it getting to the heart of sectoral Ministérios, Bloco B - 6º andar, Brasília - DF, 70068- strategic decision processes? 900 Brazil. [email protected] This paper intends to address these questions, SEA in Brazil has been in place for the last 15 years suggesting that there is an opportunity for SEA to be through various experiences at both federal and used strategically to help enhance integrated and state levels. Earlier initiatives related to international sustainable approaches. SEA can be a tool for cooperation on different sectors such as tourism, strategic integrated action if it operates strategically. energy and transports programme development, For that, however, it needs to be desired by following World Bank and the Inter-American potential users: the sectors, the economy and Development Bank requirements. Such initiatives society promoters, because it helps to achieve introduced an earlier concept of SEA very much better environmental integration, not because it based on EIA methodologies. helps to achieve plan and programme approvals. Even less if it is taken as a barrier for development A second generation of SEA is developing, with the planning and programme control. Brazilian federal government promoting SEA through more strategic forms of impact assessment, taylor-made to the realities of the Brazilian policy 146. (Poster) The Results of Strategies to Mitigate and planning decision-making. The application of Environmental Impacts Caused by Light SEA to the national planning development process, Pollution in the Conservation of Sea Turtles in and also to urban development and the energy Brazil sector, especially oil production and exploration programmes, are amongst the most meaningful experiences. Patiri, Victor; PRO-TAMAR Foundation-NGO, Caixa Postal 2219 - Rio Vermelho, Salvador, Bahia 41950- Towards consolidation of SEA, the Brazilian federal 970 Brazil. 55 713676-1045 Fax 55 713676 1067 government initiated in 2005 a capacity building [email protected] programme for SEA, jointly promoted by four different sectors: environment, planning, tourism Ferreira, Sandra; COELBA, Av. Edgard Santos nº and transports. This is jointly led by the Ministry of 300- Narandiba, Salvador, Bahia 41181-900 Brazil. Environment and the Ministry of Planning, reflecting 55 71 3370 5852 Fax 55 71 3370 5142 a strong political interest and a clear sense of [email protected] ownership of the sectors involved. This paper

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Lopez, Gustave; TAMAR Foundation - NGO, Caixa participation, which led to negative impacts on Postal 2219 - Rio Vermelho, Salvador, Bahia 41950- health, environment, and natural resources. 970 Brazil. 55 71 3676-1045 Fax 55 71 3676 1067 [email protected] Nowadays, people affected from various mining projects such as coal, rock, gold, and potash mining, Domingos, Elizabete; COELBA, Av. Edgard Santos join with the partners from the academic and nº 300- Narandiba, Salvador, Bahia 41 181-900 governmental sector to contribute to the health Brazil. 55 71 3370 5230 Fax 55 71 3370 5142 assembly. The main role is to push forward the [email protected] healthy mining policy, relating to the Tenth National Economic and Social Development Plan 2007-2011 This poster reflects the environmental management based on the philosophy of sufficient economy for measures taken in Brazil to mitigate the impact of healthy life and social well being. light pollution on coastal ecosystems used by sea turtles during their reproductive cycle. Considered a HIA is the important tool for stakeholders to priority for preserving these endangered species, deliberate the impacts in holistic manner. HIA has the last remaining areas where sea turtles been used in the Health Assembly for situation reproduce are found on the East and Northeast analysis, scoping and impact assessment, synthesis coast, generally scenic areas that draw large of health impact for Community Guideline, and number of tourists. In response to this human suggesting the improvement of the related laws, as pressure, since 1990 Technical Cooperation well as community training. programs have been carried out with the involvement of the public sector through the In the Health Assembly, the role of HIA is not only a National Institute for the Environment and tool for prediction of the impacts at project level, but Renewable Natural Resources, civil society, through also prevention of health hazards from mining policy the PRO-TAMAR Foundation, and the private sector, through participatory healthy public policy process. through Companhia de Eletricidade da Bahia, to: • Diagnose the environmental impacts of 523. (Poster) light pollution on sea-turtle reproduction; Trends in Corporate Sustainability Reporting: • Develop standards and criteria to mitigate Deeds Not Words? such impacts; • Provide guidelines for all segments of Pinilla Urzola, Angela; International Centre for society to carry out the standards and Corporate Social Responsibility - University of criteria adopted and Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, • Encourage consensus building in order to Nottingham, NG8 1BB United Kingdom. +44 (0) 115 overcome opposing interests regarding 846 6976 Fax +44 (0) 115 846 8074 land use. [email protected]

In recent years, local government policies have The study is an analysis of the trends during the attracted private investors to areas considered to be previous 5 years in Corporate Sustainability priority to the reproduction of sea turtles, thereby Reporting in the UK. The corporate sustainability jeopardizing the environmental sustainability of reports to analyze are a representative sample of these projects. This poster covers the measures the FST100 UK companies. The variables to taken in this regard since 1992. consider are the quality of the information, type of social and environmental indicators of performance

486. (Paper) in relation to the corporate activities included in the HIA in the Health Assembly: Case Study of report, and an analysis of the external audit Health Hazards Prevention from Mining Policy, practices, among others. Thailand

Pengkam, Somporn; Health System Reform Office, 205. (Poster) Satharanasuk 6 Street, Ministry of Public Health, The EIA as a Tool of Local Development Tiwanon Road, Muang, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand. (+66-2) 590 2478 Fax (+66-2) 590 2311 Pirillo, Ernesto; Center for Environmental Studies - [email protected] | www.hsro.or.th Department of Economy, Organization and Legal - Engineering Faculty - University of Buenos Aires, Sukkumnoed, Decharut; Healthy Public Policy Las Heras 2214 - 1st floor, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Foundation, 126/146 Bamrasnaradura Institute, 54 11 4514 3012 [email protected] Room 405, Tiwanon Rd., Muang, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand. (+66-2) 951 0616 Fax (+66-2) 951 1482 The EIA is an administrative process that must [email protected] | www.hpp-hia.or.th support technical studies and stages of participation of the involved communities. The sooner the EIA is Since the First National Economic and Social realized, in time and form, the easier will be the Development Plan 1961-1965, mining has been adequacy of the analyzed projects, being developed for the main aims of employment and constituted, thereby, in the most effective economic development. The government did not environmental management tool. The goals of concern itself with community rights and public Sustainable Development are not compatible with

114 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - the current model of consumption, creating serious Energy, Str. des 17. Juni 145; Secr. EB 5, 10623 problems with the conservation of our natural Berlin, Germany. 00493031473490 resources, putting in danger the social and [email protected] economic sustainability of many communities of our region, and accelerating latent conflicts, like In 1994 the North American Free Trade Agreement nowadays in Gualeguaychú, with the pulp mills, and (NAFTA) between Canada, the US and Mexico in the localities close to the mining developments in entered into force. NAFTA´s environmental side the Andes, both shown here. Our local communities agreement, the North American Agreement on are demonstrating towards the creation of a proper Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), created the model, taking into account the protection of our Commission on Environmental Cooperation (CEC). identity, our needs, our wide natural spaces, etc. Both – the NAAEC and the CEC – shall promote a The possibility of harmonizing economic growth for trinational cooperation on environmental aspects. the population in general with renewability of resources is a necessary goal of this development, With articles 14 and 15, public participation is a and one that implies political, economic, industrial, central aspect of the NAAEC. Citizens, and non- and social changes. The urgent implementation of governmental organizations from all three countries SEA is necessary to manage our natural resources. may send a “submission on enforcement matters” to the CEC, if they assume that one of the three countries is not effectively enforcing its 328. (Paper) environmental regulations. The CEC may establish Health Impact Assessment: What We Should Do a factual record on the topic in order to analyse the in Mexico case.

Pisanty-Levy, Julieta; EIA Counseling and Training, The paper describes the procedure of the public Horacio Nº 1834-301, Mexico City, D.F. 11550 participation. It presents examples of public Mexico. +52(55)52-80-95-95 Fax +52(55)52-80-95- submissions concerning the EIA. 95 [email protected] The paper is part of a Ph.D. thesis at Berlin Environmental Impact Assessment initiated in University of Technology and the Wuppertal Institute Mexico in the mid-seventies. Throughout this period, for Climate, Environment and Energy in Germany. impact assessment has placed greater emphasis on environmental issues related to physical, chemical, geological, and biological aspects of resources such 607. (Paper) as water, air, climate, soil, vegetation, and wildlife Unsustainable Thinking: What Do We Need to affected by development or modernization projects. Do to Truly Implement Sustainability Although social aspects are included in the Assessment? corresponding EIA statements, they rarely give thorough consideration to impacts exercised upon Pope, Jenny; Murdoch University, Institute for potentially affected population. They tend to Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch, WA highlight the greater benefits of employment to be 6150 Australia. ++618 9360 2898 generated by the construction and operation of the [email protected] new facilities. Morrison-Saunders, Angus; Murdoch University, Human health issues, in turn, are usually not taken School of Environmental Science, Murdoch, WA into account, nor evaluated during the EIA 6150 Australia. ++618 9360 6125 a.morrison- procedure, due to legal, regulatory, and [email protected] administrative constraints. This implies that health impacts derived from project development or Unsustainable thinking underlies society today. This terminated engineering works could be ignored. This is, of course, one of the compelling reasons why oversight could well lead to the fact that projects impact assessment was introduced in the first place, authorized by environmental authorities, might be but, the evidence is that despite our efforts, global detained or even abandoned, because of social society is generally becoming less, rather than more, pressure and inconformity arising from their sustainable. How should we, as the IAIA community, exposure to potential health problems or hazards. respond to the growing crisis and how might sustainability assessment (or appraisal) become a The purpose of this paper is to analyze these tool for positive change? In this paper we argue that constraints, and present proposals that the challenges facing us demand new ways of appropriately address HIA and EIA procedures thinking throughout all aspects of the assessment simultaneously. process. This includes new approaches to conceptualising development activities, new ways of

502. (Paper) engaging the public, new governance structures as Public Participation in the North American well as new approaches to decision-making. We Agreement on Environmental Cooperation turn our lens onto IA practitioners (academics, consultants, industry and government) to consider Podhora, Aranka; Berlin University of Technology; how our current ways of thinking and approaching Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and IA might jeopardise the progress towards sustainability. Our key concerns relate to the pursuit

115 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - of individual goals, 'silo' thinking and competition often become so involved in outreach to between practitioners where there is a compelling stakeholders and other public entities, they often need for cooperation. We offer a vision of a way forget to involve other programs’ planning efforts. forward and look forward to vigorously debating the issues. A mechanism needs to exist implementing how other planning efforts fit together. Policy managers

382. (Paper) must provide coordination for environmental Marbled Murrelet Initiative: Land Use assessment. This process will establish timing of Challenges Amending a Federal Habitat planning processes and incorporate issues from Conservation Plan other agency plans to reduce conflicting goals and redundancy. For example, in DNR’s forest land plans which implement state forest policies, forest Pratt, Cynthia; Washington State Department of management includes not only silviculture activities Natural Resources, 1111 Washington Street SE, but also land transactions (i.e. land exchanges), Olympia, Washington 98504-7015 United States. recreation, and protection areas for DNR’s federal (360) 902-1633 Fax (360) 902-1789 Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP). Recreation, [email protected] transactions or HCP programs that develop long-

range plans must understand how their planning fit Washington Department of Natural Resources within the overall forest land planning. This will (DNR) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service are reduce public confusion and distrust of government planning, under SEA, to devise a long-term proposed actions. conservation strategy for the marbled murrelet, a federally-listed species under the Endangered

Species Act, while still allowing DNR to provide 285. (Paper) revenue for their trusts through timber sales. When the Urban Environment Encroaches on Challenges include the issue of known, or State-Managed Land: How Does the State suspected, marbled murrelet habitat occurring in Balance Interests? areas that are prime revenue generation for three of the most revenue-scarce counties. These counties Pratt, Cynthia; Washington State Department of depend on DNR for 45% or more in trust subsidies Natural Resources, 1111 Washington St. SE, to help with public services such as schools, fire Olympia, Washington 98504-7015 United States. control, and medical responses. The counties are (360) 902-1633 Fax (360) 902-1789 mostly rural in nature and unemployment is high. [email protected]

Other challenges to provide good analysis include Managing 2.1 million acres of state forest trust land impacts to recreation: Off-road vehicles, hang to provide revenue for schools, institutions and local gliding, and horseback riding, for instance. DNR government services sometimes conflicts with other must provide for multiple recreational uses on state state laws like the Multiple Use Act that allows lands. In the original Habitat Conservation Plan recreation use on state land. In addition, when the (HCP), one of the planning areas is managed as a cities start annexing more county land, property whole, rather than zone-managed. This, too, owners get pushed up against state forest land. challenges planners to provide reasonable Issues such as timber sales disrupting views, or alternatives that will achieve a long-term noise from off-road vehicles accessing state forest conservation strategy so that USFWS will allow an lands, cause conflicts between forest management amendment to their HCP. activities and the urban residents.

327. (Paper) State government must commit to additional Strategic Environmental Assessment: The information gathering early in the process to lay the Challenges of Rolling Up Separate Planning groundwork for their planning and environmental Efforts analysis. In addition, public involvement early in the process is critical. Planning must include mitigation, including avoidance and adaptive management Pratt, Cynthia; Washington State Department of determined through appropriate information- Natural Resources, 1111 Washington Street SE, gathering studies. Olympia, Washington 98504-7015 United States. (360) 902-1633 Fax (360) 902-1789 [email protected] 206. (Paper) Development and Use of Water and Land Planning for governmental SEA includes reviewing Resources and Its Eco-Environment Issues in how a plan affects future planning efforts down to Xinjiang of China the project action. Information gathered may also look at other agencies’ planning to avoid conflicts Qain, Yibing; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and and redundancies. The problem arises when other Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 40-3 programs within the same agency move forward South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011 China. with plans that overlap or conflict with other program 86-991-7885369 Fax 86-991-7885320 planning efforts. Coordination often is lacking [email protected] because of different managers. Internal programs

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Wu, Zhaoning; College of Resources and associated environmental costs and create win-win Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, 134 results for conservation and development. These Xibei Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000 China. 86- projects redefined the role of infrastructure 991-4556880 [email protected] development with regard to conservation. Good design, as well as innovative engineering The area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of construction and operational techniques, were China occupies 1/6 of the national territory, with a devised specifically to avoid natural habitats, reduce great predominance of resource exploitation and the area of disturbed sites, minimize the magnitude spatial development. Transferring water projectors is and extent of unavoidable impacts, and mitigate implemented step-by-step and new exploitation of remaining impacts. Project resources were water and land resources is beginning or will begin mobilized to carry out habitat restoration, with rapid economic development of Xinjiang. This endangered species conservation, environmental paper, summarizing development and use of water education and awareness programs, identification of and land resources and its eco-environment issues non-catalogued sensitive areas, establishment of in Xinjiang, points out that the exploitation of water new protected areas and/or strengthening existing and land resources in most regions of Xinjiang has ones along with the provision of management plans, obtained great achievement, but at the same time, co-management agreements, recurrent costs has resulted in many eco-environmental issues. The financing, personnel training, and provision of initial reasons are because people did not well understand funds. Some of these actions involved more the particularity and fragility of the desert ecosystem profound changes that included raising institutional and only pursued a short-term economical efficiency, environmental standards, revising legal frameworks then neglected the long-term impact on the eco- and creating new divisions to address environmental environment. This paper emphasizes deeply issues. Leveraging funds from infrastructure projects understanding the vulnerability of Xinjiang desert can be highly effective in benefiting conservation eco-environment, rationally exploiting water and efforts and also reduce costs for infrastructure land resources and paying attention to the projects by reducing resistance and increasing local conservation and building of the eco-environment. support, and building capacity for infrastructure planning and implementation.

652. (Paper) Question Topics Covered in a Rapid HIA 298. (Paper) Workshop Druzhba-Adria Case Study: Public Participation Success Story - Public Pressure and Alliances Quigley, Robert; Quigley and Watts Ltd, PO Box 25- Against Poor Legislation and EIA as 201, Wellington, New Zealand. +0064 4 472 0139 Legitimizing Device Fax +0064 4 472 0144 [email protected] | www.quigleyandwatts.co.nz Radojcic, Dusica; NGO Green Istria, Gajeva 3, Pula, Croatia 52100 Croatia. 00385 / 52 / 506 065 Fax The practice of impact assessment presents many 00385 / 52 / 506 065 [email protected] | challenges, one of which is to collect information to www.zelena-istra.hr inform the appraisal stage of the HIA. One of the common methods (among others) used within New Croatia is at the present harmonizing its EIA Zealand is a rapid appraisal workshop, where legislation with the EU Directive on EIA. The information is provided to stakeholders beforehand environmental NGOs are planning to start with and during the workshop, and then information is education and mobilization of the public for the collected from them. A series of questions are participation in EIA procedures. possible to ask, but with limited time, which questions take precedence, and what is a good way In 2002 Croatia signed an agreement, without any to frame them? This paper presents the experience EIA procedure, Parliamentary discussion or from several New Zealand HIAs, and will provide an strategic assessment, with Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, opportunity for practitioners to discuss this approach Slovakia and Hungary to integrate the existing and the reflect on the types of questions that they Druzhba and Adria oil pipelines in order to export use themselves. Russian oil through the Croatian port on the Adriatic coast. Environmentalists opposed the project: Adriatic Sea is an enclosed and shallow sea and 309. (Paper) even a single spill would be devastating. Mainstreaming Conservation in Infrastructure Environmental NGOs started the campaign against Projects: Experiences from Latin America that environmentally very risky project. The protest grew quickly; they succeeded in involving the public Quintero, Juan; The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, through manifestations, petitions, concerts, the Washington, DC, 20433 United States. 202 473 Church joining the opposition, many VIP 5294 [email protected] | www.worldbank.org endorsement, etc. Such a huge public campaign never occurred in Croatia before. It developed in Eight case studies from Latin America demonstrate parallel to the EIA procedure. Even though both how integrating natural habitat issues into the lasted over 3 years, the public has never design, construction and operation of infrastructure participated officially in the EIA procedure. The projects can both substantially reduce the Croatian legislation does not foresee public

117 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - participation untill the very late stage of the Economic growth is vital for developing countries; procedure. That stage of PP was never reached in but if it does not protect the environment it could the case of Druzhba-Adria. Strong and long lasting lead to pollution of land and water resources, public pressure and alliances against it resulted desertification, climate change, and other finally in 2006 in rejection of the project EIA Study. environmental problems. Poor legislation, political pressures, economic interests, and EIA as legitimizing device lost the The government of Botswana in its bid to promote battle against organized public opposition. sustainable development has accepted the significance of EIA as a tool for guiding development and managing the environment. The EIA Act was 359. (Paper) passed by parliament in March 2005 and brought Building Capacity for Biodiversity-Inclusive into force in May 2005. However, many developers Impact Assessment in the Regional Context still feel EIA is a hindrence or delay to the development process and they carry it out as a legal Rajvanshi, Asha; Wildlife Institute of India, requirement rather than an act for environmental Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India. concern. +91 135 2640113 Ext.: 225 Fax +91 135 2640117 [email protected] | www.wii.gov.in Therefore, developers and the public in general need to be taken on board on issues of Mathur, Vinod B.; Wildlife Institute of India, environmental concern to help harmonise economic Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India. growth and environmental protection. +91 135 2640304 Fax +91 135 2640117 [email protected] | www.wii.gov.in The purpose of the paper is therefore to seek views from other participants on how people or developers Building capacity for upstreaming biodiversity in can be made to appreciate tools for environmental informed decisions related to development planning management such as EIA and SEA. is perhaps the greatest challenge in most developing countries, primarily because the Intended outcomes: a strategy for environmental imperatives for economic development and awareness in developing countries and monitoring biodiversity conservation can seldom be mutually strategy so that environmental concern does not compatible. Capacity building efforts are urgently end with the implementation of the project. needed at national and regional levels for bridging the development-conservation divide and for 313. (Paper) achieving the Millennium Development Goals. EIA Monitoring

The need for strengthening the knowledge capacity Ravdan, Myagmar; Energy Regulatory Authority of of countries in South Asia is clearly emerging. As a Mongolia, University street 2a, ULAANBAATAR, result, mechanisms for accelerating the human and Ulaanbaatar210646 Mongolia. 976-11319357 Fax institutional capacity-building for mainstreaming 976-11-319335 [email protected] | biodiversity in environmental assessment are also http://www.era.energy.mn gradually evolving. The paper attempts to share approaches, impacts, and constraints of in-country Thermal power plants worked with coal are capacity building efforts. The Indian experience considered the biggest air polluters in the central makes it amply clear that for secure, stable, and region of Mongolia. Therefore, according to the sustainable structures for upgrading the capacities, Energy Law of Mongolia, terms and requirements the target groups must include EIA professionals, and standards of Licenses regarding environmental academia, investors, decision-makers and most protection that are issued by Energy Regulatory importantly, the biodiversity managers. Authority should achieve the international standards

to pay attention to implementation of the As the focus is enlarging to develop regional Environmental Protection Plan and control of its capacities, the need for developing best practice costs in the technical and economical basis of hydro guidance tools to promote learning and its power plants and other energy resources that are application has been well perceived in South Asia. being constructed at the time, and to take initiative The best practice guidance document that has been in developing legal basis which are aimed to recently developed for South Asia is one specific decrease environmental impact output of the concerted efforts in this direction.

405. (Paper) 222. (Paper) Economic Growth vs. Environmental Protection Integrating IA into M&E Systems

Ramahobo, Segaetsho Shado; Department of Water Regalado, Ayn Grace; Department of Social Welfare Affairs, Phase2, Gaborone, n/a n/a Botswana. and Development, IBP Road, Quezon City, 1100 +2673607162 Fax +2673901981 Philippines. +6329318101 Fax +6329316114 [email protected] [email protected] | www.dswd.gov.ph

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Project monitoring and evaluation systems most 723. (Paper) often confine their scope to a project’s progress in Avoiding Extinction – Proving the Business terms of providing the required inputs and ensuring Case For IA & IA Practitioners its translation into outputs. At best, some project M&E systems attempt to identify interim outcomes, Retief, Francois; North West University, Borcherd but impact identification and measurement are Street, Potchefstroom, North West Province 2520 seldom built in as part of the M&E system. As a South Africa. +27 (0)18 299 1586 result, ex-post impact assessments are hard to [email protected] come by and funding for such activities is at the mercy of donors who might be interested in funding Marshall, Ross; Environm,ent Agency, Waterside similar projects. House, Waterside North, Lincoln LN2 5HA United Kingdom. +44 (0)1522 785819 However, impact assessments should play a larger [email protected] role in project implementation in terms of bolstering public accountability and instilling implementers’ Morrison-Saunders, Angus; Murdoch University, commitment to project goals. Were the resources South Street, Perth, Western Australia WA 6150 used in the project translated into the desired Australia. +618 9360 6125 A.Morrison- impacts? Given that impact assessments can be [email protected] costly, greater advocacy is needed in order for decision-makers to fully support and allocate funds Value is often defined by four tests – was it noticed, for this purpose. Alternatively, smaller scale impact was it accepted, was it effective and was it done for assessments can be done by project implementers, the common good? Whilst few debate the latter in in which case, project staff’s capabilities need to be respect of IA, economic and political agendas have enhanced. This paper discusses issues and placed increased pressure on IA practitioners to challenges in integrating IA into project M&E system. demonstrate ‘added value’ in development. An area of particular concern is how practitioners justify EIA costs against its resultant direct and indirect benefits. 233. (Paper) To date there is limited empirical research in this In Search Of The Holy Grail – Exploring area, as the needs to meet regulatory standards Causality In Strategic Environmental have obscured research regarding IA ‘value.’ This Assessment (SEA) paper explores the case for IA ‘value‘ in three geographical business contexts (UK, Australia and Retief, Francois; North West University, Borcherd South Africa). Cost savings through project Street, Potchefstroom, North West Province 2520 management, risk intervention strategies and design South Africa. (+27) 18 299 1586 Fax (+27) 18 299 alternatives directly attributable to IA intervention 1580 [email protected] are identified. The methodology uses selective surveys and case studies to examine issues and Internationally, a growing body of literature has experience. We conclude that significant savings emerged on the quality as well as the effectiveness can indeed be realised for a range of different types of SEA. However, very little research has been of projects within all three geographic regions. This conducted to determine causality between ‘input suggests that environmentally friendly design makes quality’ and ‘output effectiveness.’ This paper business sense and that IA is an internationally explores causality in SEA through the application of proven mechanism to achieve cost savings by a performance evaluation review protocol to informing good design. We propose further avenues selected SEA case studies within the South African for exploring the cost of IA. context. The approach to the research could be described as structured and deductive, following 395. (Paper) and testing particular lines of enquiry in the form of Environmental Conflict Management and Impact performance indicators. This approach proved to be Assessment in Korea particularly successful in firstly identifying ‘patterns’ in performance across cases and secondly Rhee, Deok-Gil; Kumoh National Institute of highlighting ‘correlation’ between ‘input quality’ and Technology, 1,Yangho-dong, Gumi City, Gyeongbuk ‘output effectiveness.’ However, it became apparent 730-701 Korea. 011-303-6713 Fax 82-54-478-7629 that the research methodology did not deal well with [email protected] causality and that there is also a case to be made for less structured and inductive approaches to The rapid economic development and performance evaluation. Such approaches would industrialization that started in the early 1960s in potentially be more risky and time consuming, but Korea has resulted today in booming economy and might also provide an opportunity to more improved standard of living. During the economic successfully pursue what could be considered the growth, however, serious environmental pollution ‘holy grail’ of performance evaluation, which is to and degradation of natural ecosystems followed. develop plausible explanations of causality.

In the course of economic development, Korea has been confronted by various social and environmental conflicts which have brought about serious economic losses and social insecurities. The

119 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - root causes of these environmental conflicts are will be discussed in presentation of the conference changes in people’s perception on environmental in detail. valuation, extended roles and activities of environmental NGOs and citizen’s group. 349. (Paper) Environmental conflicts include conflicts among Environment and Health Impact Assessment of stakeholders; government agencies, environmental Pesticides Use for Public Policy Decision NGOs, citizen’s groups, etc. Support in Local Level

Current systems of environmental conflict Rodsawad, Jittima; Department of Health, Tiwanon management are environmental dispute resolution Road, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand. 6625904190 system, environmental impact assessment, and Fax 6625904356 [email protected] prior environmental review system. Despite these systems, however, there continues to be serious, Sopapoom, Navin; Health System Research long-lasting, and highly controversial environmental Institute, Tiwanon Road, Nonthaburi, 11000 conflicts, creating conflicts among government, Thailand. 6629510594 ext. 112,104 citizens, NGOs, etc navinpang@yahoo

To resolve these conflicts, there are needs for The objective is to apply tools for decision making establishment of reasonable environmental conflict support in public policy process of pesticide use in management system and creation of climate to local level. The method was done by arrangement of observe the principles of environmental conflict learning process regarding environment and health management. Institutionalization of effective impacts from pesticide use for stakeholders and environmental conflict management systems, local policy makers. The result found that the together with research and development, education participants summarized that pesticide was a crucial and training should be conducted. factor to induce various impact problems. Methods to solve these problems should be to reduce and

589. (Paper) quit the use of pesticide. A study tour was arranged Lotic Community Prediction Model Responding to study the best practice that could reduce and quit Environmental Change (LOCOPEM) the use of pesticide. After that the participants were assigned to do community planning by setting the Ro, Tae Ho; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 vision that would be free of pesticide with the Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyong-gu, Seoul, 122-706 strategy to rehabilitate natural resources and Korea. +82-2-380-7671 [email protected] environment, free pesticide farming, participatory self reliance and rehabilitate local wisdom and Chun, Dong Jun; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 culture. Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyong-gu, Seoul, 122-706 Korea. +82-2-380-7751 [email protected] The lesson learned found that the learning process base tool helped farmers and policy makers to The necessity for developing a holistic assessment understand the relationship between health and tool for aquatic ecosystems has been increased environment impact with pesticide use without recently. To satisfy this need for more objective necessity to prove by scientific evidence base data. decision-making tools to assess comprehensive This limit could be overlooked if the stakeholders biodiversity for the Korean stream ecosystem, a and public policy makers could perceive the simulation model named “LOCOPEM” has been significance of impacts occurred to way of life of developed as lotic community prediction model people in the community. (prototype) responding environmental changes in aquatic ecosystems. The variables of the 337. (Paper) LOCOPEM were screened and selected by using Assessing Community Views about Mining statistical methods. The input layer of LOCOPEM Town Developments Using the Choice Modelling consists of four major factors, which are Technique characterized by the stream ecosystems’ traits, such as physical, chemical, biological and riparian data. Rolfe, John; Central Queensland University, North Simulation results are presented in terms of Rockhampton, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702 “Ecosystem Diagnosis” that contains the prediction Australia. 61(7) 4923 2132 [email protected] outputs of biodiversity compositional changes (table form), community stability (diagram form) and Ivanova, Galina; Central Queensland University, degree of stream urbanization/disturbance (index North Rockhampton, Rockhampton, Queensland form). The comprehensive assessment can be 4702 Australia. 61(7) 4930 9386 summarized in a sheet of report form that provides [email protected] more additional information of aquatic ecosystem structure and function responding environmental Lockie, Stewart; Central Queensland University, changes. The result showed that the prediction North Rockhampton, Rockhampton, Queensland precision for diversity was ranged from 100% 4702 Australia. 61(7) 4930 6539 (highest) to 62% (lowest). The model prediction was [email protected] very precise for the rivers whose volume (scale) is not large. The strength and weakness of the model

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A key issue in managing the development of mining Ko, Ik-Hwan; Korea Water Resouces Corporation, towns is assessing the tradeoffs that communities San 6-2 Yeonchuk-dong, Daejon-city, 306-711 might consider as being desirable. Mining Korea. +82-42-870-7740 [email protected] communities can be susceptible to uneven growth patterns, more transient populations, and the direct Recently it was considered that the water disparity impacts of being close to mining operations. in a field of demand and supply is due to the However, they may also generate high levels of difference between the design water demand and income and employment in a regional area. The the present one in a multi-regional water supply research reported in this study involved the network project. assessment that residents faced in Moranbah, a coal mining centre in central Queensland, Australia. This study is to seek an optimal water allocation The town faces substantial growth pressures and model to meet two conditions: that one is to constraints associated with the coal boom from minimize the electric cost to supply water demanded 2004. To assess these, a random selection of from customers and another is to minimize the water households in the community was invited to shortage against the water demand. The optimal complete a series of choice exercises about solution by the model is taken using a linear different development options for the town. By using programming (LP) algorithm on a hydraulic water changes in household income as a tradeoff, some distribution condition of integrated operating water assessment of the community values for different supply systems which are located in short distances. development pathways has been assessed. The optimization model developed is applied to the

648. (Paper) existing inter-regional water supply networks within Overview of Independent Oversight Agencies short distances. As an application result, it is found that a well-allocated water supply scheme can promise to save electricity cost and satisfy all Ross, Bill; Environmental Design, University of operational goals such as stability and revenues Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta during the period. T3A 4V8 Canada. 1 403 220 6961 Fax 403 284 4399 [email protected] 444. (Paper) Independent oversight agencies, such as the The Development of Environmental and Social Independent Environmental Monitoring Agency for Programs for a Major Infrastructure Project - the Ekati Diamond Mine, have become fairly Processes and Successes common in northern Canada. They provide benefits to various publics affected by development projects; Saczkowski, John; Aecon, 20 Carson Court, Suite indeed it is these publics who demanded the 800, Toronto, Ontario L0S1J0 Canada. 416 618 oversight agencies be created in the first place, to 1992 [email protected] help assure good environmental management during the operation of the developments. But the Smith, Graeme; Corporacion Quiport S.A., oversight agencies also offer benefits for project Aeropuerto Internacional Mariscal Sucre, Quito, proponents and for government agencies as well. Ecuador. 593 98370682 [email protected] These benefits will be discussed with a view to getting feedback from others. Flores, Augusto; Corporacion Quiport S.A., Aeropuerto Internacional Mariscal Sucre, Quito, The ideas presented are based on ten years serving Ecuador. 593 22 944978 on the Independent Environmental Monitoring [email protected] Agency and having exchanged ideas about such agencies with many of the stakeholders. I will also Hooper, Michael; Aecon AG Constructores S.A., report on some changes that are in the works for the Aeropuerto Internacional Mariscal Sucre, Quito, agencies in northern Canada. Ecuador. 593 9 9101348 [email protected]

543. (Paper) As a follow up from “Lessons Learned from a An Integrated Operation of Multi-Regional Water Private Corporation Perspective,” this paper will Supply Networks for an Optimal Water outline some of the Project’s successes, from an Allocation in a Metropolitan Area Environmental and Social viewpoint, as an example of how multiple Lending Institutions, Quiport and the Municipality of Quito overcame differences and Ryu, Taesang; Korea Water Resouces Corporation, priorities to provide a major infrastructure project for San 6-2 Yeonchuk-dong, Daejon-city, 306-711 a developing country. Korea. +82-42-629-3822 Fax +82-42-629-3819 [email protected] | www.kwater.or.kr In particular this paper will address the following,

from Quiport (Project Sponsor’s) point of view: Ha, Sung-Ryong; Chungbuk National University, 48

Gaeshin-dong, Chongju, Chungbuk 361-763 Korea. • +82-43-261-2497 Fax +82-43-261-2497 The 2 EIAs produced for the New Quito [email protected] | International Airport (NQIA) – one locally, //urban.chungbuk.ac.kr/ one for Lenders purposes;

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• The Ravine Monitoring Program at the environmental and social process challenges that NQIA – a result of deficiencies in the EIA were encountered leading up to financial close so for the Lenders but not a local requirement; that proponents interested in pursuing similar • The Environmental Site Assessment financing for projects can maximize their EHS process at the existing Quito airport – not a processes. Inter-related issues involving the Project requirement by Municipal authorities; proponent will be discussed, for example a) internal • Social Management Plans for both airports and external lines of communication, b) reactive – a requirement by the Lending Institutions versus proactive mentality, c) the local national and again not a local requirement; versus required EHS culture, and d) lack of • Environmental and Social Action Plans appreciation of MFI environmental and social introduced for both airports - contractual requirements. requirement introduced to achieve financial close, and the difficulties Quiport has in 324. (Paper) achieving compliance to avoid default Economic Growth and Impact Assessment in the situations which could withhold Building Sector: Improving the Knowledge of disimbursements, well after financial Input and Output Material Flows During the Life closure. Cycle of Buildings

This paper will present, using the benefits of Salazar, Claudia; Kausay, Carrera 19 No 86a55 hindsight, some of the common successes for all Apto 503, Bogota, Colombia. 571 6233851 Project participants. [email protected]

443. (Paper) Chevalier, Jacques; Centre Scientifique et The Development of Environmental and Social Technique du Bâtiment, 24 rue Joseph Fourier, Programs for a Major Infrastructure Project - Saint Martin d'Hères, 38400 France. 33 476762555 Lessons Learned from a Private Corporation [email protected] Perspective Rousseaux, Patrick; Universite de Poitiers, Centre Saczkowski, John; Aecon, 20 Carlson Court, Suite Du Guesclin - Place Chanzy, Niort, 79000 France. 800, Toronto, Ontario L0S1J0 Canada. 416 618 33 549249488 [email protected] 1992 [email protected] Economic growth is associated with construction, Smith, Graeme; Corporacion Quioport S.A., demolition or rehabilitation of different kind of Aeropuerto Internacional Mariscal Sucre, Quito, buildings (fabrics, commercial centres, dwellings, Ecuador. 593 98370682 [email protected] etc.). Environmental problems we are facing today are a result of society’s processing of materials. Flores, Augusto; Corporacion Quiport S.A., Regrettably, the building industry is the greatest Aeropuerto Internacional Mariscal Sucre, Quito, consumer of the world’s natural resources. In the Ecuador. 593 22 944978 same way, this sector is one the biggest generators [email protected] of construction and demolition waste. For these reasons, it is necessary to estimate and deal with Hooper, Michael; Aecon AG Constructores S.A., environmental impacts which are provoked by this Aeropuerto Internacional Mariscal Su, Quito, economic activity. The environmental assessment of Ecuador. 593 9 9101348 [email protected] this sector requires the knowledge of flows of materials and components associated to this activity. The development, construction and operation of a new greenfield airport in Quito, Ecuador, has been This article starts with the state-of-the-art research undertaken by Corporacion Quiport S.A., a private on building material flows. Afterwards, we introduce enterprise owned by international companies. a new method which allows iin one hand traceability Quiport, as part of the concession awarded by the of building components and on the other hand long Municipality of Quito, is responsible for the term forecasting of construction and demolition operations and maintenance and upgrade of the waste. In the same way, main results from the first existing Mariscal Sucre International Airport. The application to one building are presented. project required financial loans from four Multilateral Additionally, we discuss the drawbacks for finding Financial Institutions (MFIs): IADB, OPIC, EXIM relevant information. Finally, we explain how Bank of America and EDC Canada. The traceability and forecasting of building components Environmental Impact Assessment process began and materials will facilitate LCA; how this in 2002 and since then environmental and social information will help to set up eco-design in the pre-requisites have been expanded to include many building sector. requirements and investment not initially anticipated by Quiport.

This paper will discuss lessons learned in the development of environmental and social programs for both airports. The intent is to highlight the

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535. (Paper) 724. (Paper) An Evaluation of Recent SEA Practice in Brazil A Comparative Analysis of Environmental Impact Assessment Law, Policies, and Practices Sanchez, Luis; University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. in Latin America Mello Moraes, 2373, São Paulo, SP 05508-900 Brazil. +55 11 3091-5186 Fax + 55 11 3091-5721 Sanchez-Triana, Ernesto; World Bank, 1818 H St. [email protected] NW, Washington, DC 20433 United States. (202) 473 6952 [email protected] Despite a firmly grounded twenty-year experience with project EIA in Brazil, SEA has ranked low in Enriquez, Santiago; World Bank, 1818 H St. NW, government priorities. Only recently have a few Washington, DC 20433 United States. (202) 458 reports been labeled “strategic assessments,” but 8894 [email protected] no regulations or guidelines govern their preparation. This paper reviews three such studies on (1) This is a comparative analysis of the Environmental seashore oil and gas exploration and production, (2) Impact Assessment (EIA) Systems adopted by hydroelectric schemes in the Western Amazon, and twenty Latin American countries. The analysis (3) road development in São Paulo metropolitan focuses on the differences both among the countries area. These reports were intentionally selected to in the region and in comparison with the EIA system cover different kinds of plans or programs and adopted by the United States, which was the first different geographic locations. The research aimed country to introduce the use of EIA in its at seeking common features among these studies contemporary sense. and at verifying adherence to (i) IAIA’s SEA performance criteria, as there are no domestic The analysis finds that the nature of EIA in most yardsticks to assess compliance, and (ii) coverage Latin American countries differs from that of the US. of the main elements of the SEA process. In the latter, EIA has been used to incorporate environmental and social concerns of different In the hydro and road cases, the main drivers for stakeholders into the decision-making process of SEA were the difficulties in obtaining project federal authorities. In contrast, most Latin American approval and SEA was intended as a facilitator; countries have used EIA to establish command and these studies were undertaken by the control regulations that have not been set in norms projects/programs proponents. On the other hand, or standards but that are nevertheless considered the oil and gas study was aimed at zoning an necessary to address the environmental impacts of offshore sector to protect biodiversity, and actually investment projects. influenced decision-making, as the federal government declared an exclusion zone for oil and The paper further assesses differences in roles and gas activities. responsibilities of project proponents, authorities, and communities throughout the EIA process. The

725. (Poster) analysis finds that such differences, which largely Comparative Matrix of Environmental stem from the diverging conceptions of EIA, have a Assessment in Latin America substantial impact on whether EIAs are valuable tools that help authorities to address complex social and environmental issues or simply bureaucratic Sanchez-Triana, Ernesto; World Bank, 1818 H St. hurdles for project development. NW, Washington, DC 20433 United States. (202) 473 6952 [email protected]

752. (Paper) Enriquez, Santiago; World Bank, 1818 H St. NW, Introduction of Case with a Series of Washington, DC 20433 United States. (202) 458 Environmental Consideration from Location 8894 [email protected] Selection to EIA in a Certain District in Japan

The poster is a snapshot of the different Sato, Ritsuko; NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD., 5-4 Koji- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Systems machi, Tokyo, 102-8539 Japan. +81-3-3238-8383 that have been adopted in twenty Latin American [email protected] countries. For each country, the poster summarizes the information of 17 variables that define the main Kurosaki, Yasusuke; NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD., 5-4 characteristics of the EIA system. With this wealth of Koji-machi, Tokya, 102-8539 Japan. +81-3-3238- systematic and concise information, the poster 8383 [email protected] illustrates the diversity of approaches that currently shape EIA policy and practice in most Latin This is an introduction of case where environment is American countries. considered from from the location selection stage to

EIA with design engineering in a certain district in Japan.

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172. (Paper) of designing appropriate methods for consulting Trial of SEA in Project Approval in Lao PDR fishers, for gathering data on fishing businesses, and for analysing the spatial distribution of impact of Sauvaly, Vivath; Enterprise Development changes to fisheries policy. Continuing challenges Consultants Co. Ltd., Ban Nakham, House 270, Unit are also highlighted. The paper concludes by 17, P.O. Box 9997, Vientiane Capital, 01001 Lao identifying how the lessons learned in Australia may People's Democratic Republic. 856 20 7708811 Fax be applied more broadly. 856-21251061 [email protected] | www.edclao.com 388. (Paper)

Using SIA to Develop Structural Adjustment Boudphommueng, Somphath; Department of Policy: Improving the Dialogue between SIA Investment Monitoring and Evaluation, Committee Practitioners and Government for Planning and Investment, Luangprabang Rd.,

Vientiane Capital, 01001 Lao People's Democratic Schirmer, Jacki; Australian National University, Republic. 856 21222063 Fax 856-21241286 Building 48, Australian National University, ACT [email protected] 0200 Australia. +61261252737 Fax +61261250746

[email protected] Urago, Akiko; IC Net Limited, FSK Bldg., 3rd Fl.,

Shintoshin, Saitama, Saitama 330-0081 Japan. 81 In the Australian government, social impact 48 600 2500 Fax 81 48 600 2501 [email protected] assessment has been used as part of the process of | www.icnet.co.jp developing structural adjustment policies for the

forest and fishing industries in recent years. The Committee for Planning and Investment (CPI) has experience of using SIA to inform structural installed a new comparative project assessment adjustment has been varied, but some common system in project appraisal. The evaluation items themes have emerged. This paper uses case are not only the environment but also poverty studies of structural adjustment in the Australian reduction, education, economic, and urgency. By fishing and forestry sectors to identify the needs and the comparative evaluation table, CPI can prioritize priorities of goverment decision makers when the projects from A to C. The evaluation system is designing structural adjustment packages, and supported by absolute project evaluation, project compares these needs to the content of the typical digital filing, chronology table and mapping. In the SIA. Suggestions are then made for enlarging the development stage of the comparative evaluation, interface between SIA and policy development, both we referred to the SEA concept. Although this by improving the understanding of the potential of evaluation is not supported by regulation, it has SIA in government, and improving how SIA been almost agreed by CPI. In the future we are practitioners undertake and communicate SIA to going to suggest including the SEA concept in those in goverment. The paper is largely based on program planning and preparing program planning the author's experiences while working as an SIA guidelines in cooperation with other ministries. practitioner in a government research agency.

384. (Paper) Assessing the Social Impacts of Changes in 387. (Paper) Participatory and Technocratic Approaches to Fisheries Policy: A Review of Recent Australian IA: Getting the Best of Both Worlds Experience

Schirmer, Jacki; Australian National University, Schirmer, Jacki; Australian National University, Building 48, Australian National University, ACT Building 48, Australian National University, ACT 0200 Australia. +61261252737 Fax +6161250746 0200 Australia. +61261252737 Fax +61261250746 [email protected] [email protected]

The call for more public participation in impact Fisheries policies worldwide are changing rapidly as assessment has existed for as long as IA has been the problems of overfishing become apparent and a recognised field. Numerous guides provide competition for marine resources increases. Many multiple methods for implementing meaningful governments are implementing policies which alter approaches to public participation. However, the use or reduce the access fishers have to fish stocks. of public participation has not been extended into all Increasingly, some form of social impact arenas of impact assessment, with what are assessment (SIA) is undertaken as part of the commonly labelled 'technocratic' approaches process of developing mitigation policies to help tending to leave out public participation. This paper fishers adjust to changes in resource access. argues that it is both possible and desirable to However, SIA methods have commonly been combine participatory and technocratic approaches, developed to apply to land-based resource changes. and demonstrates this using a case study of IA of They tend to assume a fixed community, rather than rural land use change in Australia. In a typical a mobile and shifting community. This paper reviews technocratic IA, land use change would be analysed a number of recent studies undertaken in Australia by producing statistical data quantifying the extent of and identifies the new approaches that have been land use change over time. In a participatory IA, developed to better assess the impacts of changes land use change is typically analysed by asking to fisheries policy. The paper includes a discussion

124 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - people's perceptions of the changes occurring in system of nine land use functions. They include their local area over time. Both approaches have provision of abiotic resources, support and provision limitations. By combining both, it is possible to of habitat, maintenance of ecosystem processes, 'ground truth' statistical data and interpret it more industry and services, land based production, meaningfully than occurs in the typical technocratic provision of infrastructure and work, human approach, while incorporating iterative learning healthand recreation, landscape identity, scenery cycles into the participatory approach that assist and cultural heritage. They imply those participants in designing strategies for adapting to functionalities of the environment that are affected change. by land use and that provide goods and services to society. The characterisation of land use functions

580. (Poster) shall offer an entry point into stakeholder based Integration of Environmental, Social and valuation of land use impacts on sustainable Economic Indicators for Land Use Assessment development pathways.

Schoesser, Birthe; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural 455. (Paper) Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, Preliminary Study of Strategic Environmental Muencheberg, 15374 Germany. +49 33432 82227 Assessment with Fish Investigation for Dam [email protected] Construction Long-term Plan

Helming, Katharina; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Seo, Jinwon; Korea Institute of Water and Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, Environment, K water, 462-1, Jeonmin-Dong, Muencheberg, 15374 Germany. +49 33432 82155 Daejeon, 305-730 Korea. 042-870-7453 [email protected] [email protected]

Perez-Soba, Marta; Alterra, Landscape Street, Lee, Jungmin; Environmental Planning Team of Wageningen, Netherlands. 0031 317 474787 Kwater, San 6-2, Yeonchuk-Dong, Daejeon, 306- [email protected] 711 Korea. 042-629-3572 [email protected] Frederikson, Pia; NERI, Environment street, Copenhagen, Denmark. 0035 46301207 Lee, Sungwoo; Imha Dam Office of Kwater, 1084-7, [email protected] Chonchon-Ri, Andong, 760-830 Korea. 054-820- 2200 [email protected] Tscherning, Karen; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, Dams have been constructed to deal with flood Muencheberg, 15374 Germany. +49 33432 82 415 control, drinking water, agricultural/industrial water [email protected] source, and to optimize the value of water resource. However, developed countries have concern about Koenig, Bettina; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural impairment of the natural environment due to Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, physical, chemical, and biological changes after Muencheberg, 15374 Germany. +49 33432 82 415 dam construction. Therefore, strategic [email protected]| environmental assessment on a dam construction’s long-term plan was recently discussed in a policy- Wiggering, Hubert; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural oriented group in order to select the priority order of Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, dam construction based on a feasibility study in Germany environment and ecology. Because some fish, adjusted to lotic condition in streams and rivers, Land use is a key pressure translating economic, require specific habitat characteristics, they move political and other driving forces into environmental upstream of the watershed or some of them may impacts in rural landscapes. In Europe land use become extinct species due to inappropriate policy making is devoted to the principle of habitats when a dam is built. We investigated fish sustainable development, which is linked to multi- fauna on 12 prospective dam sites, and focused on functionality. The rationale addresses five different matrices. Each matrix was scored one interdependencies of social, economic, and to five, summed up, and then divided into five ranks. environmental effects of land use. According to the results, four dam sites were classified into the fifth rank indicating ecologically The EU Integrated Project SENSOR (www.sensor- important area on fish, and three of them belonged ip.eu) develops ex-ante Sustainability Impact to Han River watershed. The study provides an Assessment Tools for land use in European regions. ecological value on the prospective dam sites, and Spatially explicit, policy-driven land use activities are should be considered with other environmental considered, including agriculture, forestry, tourism, fields. nature conservation, transport and energy infrastructure.

This poster reports on the methodological design for ex-ante, indicator based analysis of land use impacts. About 60 indicators are integrated into a

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549. (Paper) Thullier, Wilfried; Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Biodiversity Conservation for Endangered UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Species of Fish in the Lower Reaches of the Grenoble Cedex, France. 27-21-799-8691 Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), North Han River, [email protected] Korea Davis, Frank; Donald Bren School of Environmental Seo, Jinwon; Korea Institute of Water and Science and Management, University of California Environment, K water, 462-1, Jeonmin-Dong, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106-5131 United Daejeon, 305-730 Korea. 042-870-7453 States. 1-805-893-3438 [email protected] [email protected] Hannah, Lee; Center for Applied Biodiversity Ji, Heongsun; Environment & Eco-Engineering Science, Conservation International, University of Services Team of Kwater, San 6-2, Yeonchuk-Dong, California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106- Daejeon, 306-711 Korea. 042-629-3061 5131 United States. 1-805-893-7067 [email protected] [email protected]

Park, Seokhyo; Environment & Eco-Engineering Many approaches have been developed to Services Team of Kwater, San 6-2, Yeonchuk-Dong, determine optimum models for predicting species’ Daejeon, 306-711 Korea. 042-629-3062 ranges for conservation and biodiversity action [email protected] planning. This research developed 3 multi-predictive models for species range mapping using 9 tree The military demarcation line (MDL), which is called species classified by broad, intermediate, and the 38th parallel in Korean, has been a matter of narrow species range types with presence/absence common interest in the world since the end of the points in California. Predictive variables included 6 Korean War in 1953. Many international scientists bioclimatic attributes and 5 soil attributes. The first have discussed the ecological importance of the model was based on 5 individual models (GAM, demilitarized zone (DMZ) because the area GLM, GBM, CART, ANN). The second was a comprises 2km of the southern and northern parts of probabilistic model based on Bayesian decision the MDL which have been secured for a long time. rules to examine the impact of including static The Pyeounghwa Dam located at 10km lower than environmental predictor variables such as soils the MDL was constructed in 1988, and extension maps in combination with dynamic variables such as work (dam height: 80 to 125m) was done in 2005 in climate on the identification of potential range. The order to control primary flooding. We investigated third was a consensus model based on PCA to fish communities in the lower reach of the DMZ, reduce the uncertainty of predictive range mapping North Han River, and found 41 species containing 4 using a variety of individual model outputs. We endangered species. Among them, Korean endemic compared these approaches and quantified model species were18 species (43.9%), which was much performance and the difference in selected range for greater than mean value (25.9%, Kim 1995). The each species. Our results showed that 1) GBM was fish fauna indicated that the area had high the best model among 5 individual models, 2) biodiversity and good habitats for those endangered Bayesian model improved model performance and species. Especially two endangered species, predicted realistic species range compared to Hemibarbus mylodon and Siniperca scherzeri individual bioclimatic and soil model, and 3) (Albino type) are classified as natural monument Consensus model was a reasonable approach to species, and they are protected by government law. reduce the uncertainty of individual model outputs. Therefore, it is important to monitor and conserve their population and habitats in future. 348. (Paper) Restoration and Monitoring of Endangered Fish, 544. (Paper) Black Shinner (Pseudopungtungia nigra) in the Model Selection for Predictive Species Range Upper Reach of Gap Stream Mapping Seo, Jinwon; Korea Institute of Water and Seo, Changwan; Department of Geoinformatics, Environment, Kwater, 462-1, Jeonmin-Dong, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Seoul, 130- Daejeon, 305-730 Korea. 042-870-7453 743 Korea. 82-2-2210-5073 [email protected] [email protected] The objectives of this study were to investigate fish Thorne, James; School of Environmental Science communities in Geum River, to select species for and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, restoration in the watershed, and to establish a United States. 1-530-752-4389 management plan of restoration and conservation. [email protected] After we compared investigation data of fish communities between prior to 2000 and 2002-2004, Stoms, David; Donald Bren School of Environmental we decided to restore the representative Science and Management, University of California endangered species in Geum River watershed, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States. 1- black shinner (Pseudopungtungia nigra). About 805-893-7655 [email protected] 14,000 fingerings of the species were produced successfully by a fish culturist in 2005. At the same

126 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - time, several thousand Korean aucha perch (Coreoperca herzi) fingerings were produced Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is one because their spawning habitats seem to be used of the effective tools for realizing sustainable for black shinner's. On 5 October 2005, both development, and it is widely recognized that fingerings were released at proper habitat in the integrating SEA into the planning system is crucial upper reach of Gap Stream. In order to monitor their for improving its effectiveness. One of the more survival, movement, and growth rate, field challenging parts for SEA application, contrasting to investigations with underwater shooting had been EIA, is that exquisiteness of the planning system performed in 2006, and we found some black influences the effectiveness of SEA. Sufficient shinners with good nutritional condition, compared assurance of public involvement has to be the stem to those just prior to their release. The results for an effective SEA-integrated planning system; indicated that they were restored at the adequate otherwise the system will be utilized for justification. site, and systematic monitoring on their survival, health condition, and natural spawning should be In Japan, SEA has not been applied for a national followed in future. plan yet, while some of the proactive local governments have applied SEA type systems prior

785. (Poster) to developing a detail project plan. In contrast, a Role of SEA in Post-Tsunami Reconstruction in new planning system and SEA system have been the Maldives applied for England since 2004.

It must be worthwhile to analyze a practice of the Shakir, Aslam; Centre for Impact Assessment SEA-integrated planning system in terms of the Research and Training (CIART), Department of public involvement including the context behind it for Geography, University of Otago, Dunedin, New the purpose of considering how a meaningful SEA Zealand. system would be applicable for Japan. This study

focused on the Southeast Plan led by Southeast Morgan, Richard; Centre for Impact Assessment England Regional Assembly and aimed to identify Research and Training (CIART), Department of the degree of procedural justice and the reasons for Geography, University of Otago, Dunedin, New that. Zealand. +64 3 479 8782 Fax +64 3 479 9037 [email protected] | www.geography.otago.ac.nz 759. (Poster) Prediction of Reservoir Water Quality Before Following the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, Dam Construction Using Algal Growth Potential major reconstruction programmes were planned for Test (AGPT) all the severely affected countries. However, it was clear from very early on that effective management of these programmes would be improved by the use Shin, Jae-Ki; Korea Institute of Water and of strategic environmental assessment, to avoid Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, future social and environmental problems from 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 reconstruction, and to maximise the benefits. Korea. 82-42-870-7450 Fax 82-42-870-7469 [email protected] This paper presents the main results of a Masters study into the potential for using SEA within the Lee, Hye Keun; Korea Institute of Water and context of reconstruction programmes in the Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, Maldives, using the Safe-Island concept as a case 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 study. The research looked at the development of Korea. 82-42-870-7451 Fax 82-42-870-7469 this concept, in relation to national development [email protected] planning, and investigated the main barriers to potential implementation of SEA at the present time Ko, Ick Hwan; Korea Institute of Water and in the Maldives. Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 Korea. 82-42-870-7400 Fax 82-42-870-7469 591. (Paper) [email protected] Public Involvement of English Style in the Process of Regional Spatial Strategy Overview of prediction of reservoir water quality Development - Focusing on the South East Plan before dam construction using algal growth potential test (AGPT). Shimizutani, Takashi; Tokyo Institute of Technology,

G5-9, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama-shi, 226- 8502 Japan. +81-(0)45-924-5550 +81-(0)45-924- 5551 [email protected]

Harashina, Sachihiko; Tokyo Institute of Technology, G5-9, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama-shi, 226- 8502 Japan. +81-(0)45-924-5550 +81-(0)45-924- 5551 [email protected]

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757. (Poster) communities in Korea. On the other hand, various Long-Term Monitoring of Aquatic Environmental damages such as destruction of mountains and Changes During Dam (Yongdam) Construction forests, emission of air pollutants, and so forth have Project occurred in local communities. The social impacts were assessed by using the inhabitants survey. Shin, Jae-Ki; Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 397. (Paper) Korea. 82-42-870-7450 Fax 82-42-870-7469 Knowledge Integration Approach for [email protected] Sustainabilty Policy

Lee, Hye Keun; Korea Institute of Water and Shin, Dongwon; Ministry of Environment, Byul- Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, Yang-Dong, Apt. 408-1405, Gwachon-shi, Gyunggi- 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 do Korea. +8233 764 0300 Fax + 8233 764 0987 Korea. 82-42-870-7451 Fax 82-42-870-7469 [email protected] | http://wonju.me.go.kr [email protected] Assuming that each basic discipline of the academia Ko, Ick Hwan; Korea Institute of Water and - whether chemistry, ecology, sociology, geology, Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, economics, engineering, and politics - cannot in 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 isolation provide the sufficient and necessary Korea. 82-42-870-7400 Fax 82-42-870-7469 solutions to a complicated problem of sustainability [email protected] – whether climate change, desertification, deforestation, fisheries, and EIA, this paper Overview of long-term monitoring of aquatic attempted to construct an integrated knowledge environmental changes during dam (Yongdam) approach to sustainability policy by testing the construction project. necessary complementarities of three functional modes of knowledge of sustainability (contextual, technological, and reconciliatory knowledge) in

761. (Poster) completing the policy science of sustainability in the Ecological Impact Evaluation in the Downstream field of EMS. By conducting three triangulated of Regulated River System surveys (green motive, green technology, environmental policy for business), this tested Shin, Jae-Ki; Korea Institute of Water and qualitatively the effectiveness and efficiency of a Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, knowledge integration approach to cleaner 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 production implementation policy. It concluded that Korea. 82-42-870-7450 Fax 82-42-870-7469 the essence of the integrated knowledge approach [email protected] to sustainability is to generate the art of stewardship for building a sustainable society. Being provided Lee, Hye Keun; Korea Institute of Water and with massive amount of data, information, opinions Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, on certain sustainability issue, if a society is not 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 preceded by the knowledge synthesis processes for Korea. 82-42-870-7451 Fax 82-42-870-7469 sustainability, highlighted by the proposed, [email protected] triangular knowledge cycle of sustainability, the society would not gain its continuous momentum to Ko, Ick Hwan; Korea Institute of Water and move towards a sustainable society. Therefore, this Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, helps to develop the foundation for the policy 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 science of EIA.

Korea. 82-42-870-7400 Fax 82-42-870-7469 [email protected] 677. (Paper) Assessing the Economic Benefit of Natural Overview of ecological impact evaluation in the Preservation from Marine Protected Area: A downstream of regulated river system. Case Study of Saeng-Do Island, Busan

Shin, Chul-Oh; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4 750. (Paper) Bangbae-Dong, Seoul, Korea. +82-2-2105-2819 Social Impact assessment of the Limestone [email protected] Mining Industries in Local Communities of Korea Chang, Won-Keun; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4 Bangbae-Dong, Seoul, Korea. +82-2-2105-2909 Shin, Young Chul; Daejin University, San #11-1, [email protected] Sundan-dong, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 487-711 Korea. 82-19-288-2255 Fax 82-31-539-2538 In order to evaluate feasibility of a designating [email protected] marine protected area (MPA), it is inevitable to consider economic benefit from the designation. Limestone mining industries have played the This paper presents a model case study for the important role of developing country and local estimation of conservation value from MPA. The

128 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - major objectives of this study are to assess the source of energy, several issues need to be conservation value of Saeng-Do Island in Busan, addressed in order to understand environment improve theoretical aspect in valuation method, and impacts during its exploration. Damodar Valley is then present policy makers and stakeholders with presently being explored and developed for tapping adequate information about MPA in terms of methane from coal bed. The present paper monetary value. To this end, contingent valuation discusses the environment impact studies carried method (CVM) was applied to estimate the non-use out in this area. Baseline data on different value that would follow from the designation of a environmental components on water, land, noise, Saeng-Do MPA. The CVM survey was designed to biological and socioeconomics have been collected comply with the guidelines for best-practiced CV and analyzed. Based on site-specific conditions and studies. We surveyed a randomly selected sample technology used for development drilling, of 400 households in Busan and asked respondents environmental impacts arising out of this activity questions in person-to-person interviews. have been predicted and a suitable environmental Respondents understood the contingent market and management plan is proposed in order to mitigate were willing to pay 2,473 to 3,340 Korean won the adverse impacts arising out of this proposed (approximately USD 2.6 to 3.5), on average, per activity. household. The household values can be the benefits that ensue from the MPA program and 195. (Paper) compared with the costs of the program to Appropriate Assessment Practices and Reports determine whether the program is economically in Finland desirable.

Söderman, Tarja; Finnish Environment Institute, 758. (Poster) SYKE, Mechelininkatu 34 a, Helsinki, 00660 Finland. Rapid Trophic Classification of Streams Based +358 400 148 693 [email protected] on Microalgae Biomass in Strategic Environmental Assessment In Finland the assessment procedure required by the Habitats Directive Article 6(3) includes two parts: Shin, Jae-Ki; Korea Institute of Water and 1) preparation of an Appropriate Assessment (AA) Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, report concerning impacts on a Natura 2000 site by 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 a project proponent or authority preparing a plan Korea. 82-42-870-7450 Fax 82-42-870-7469 and 2) a statement of a regional environment centre. [email protected] Only after receiving the statement an authority giving permit or approval can accept or reject the Lee, Hye Keun; Korea Institute of Water and project or plan. Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 The 71 AA reports and 72 statements were Korea. 82-42-870-7451 Fax 82-42-870-7469 reviewed in two phases. Compared to the 1997- [email protected] 2001 review, the later 2001-2005 review showed progress over time in description of the project or Ko, Ick Hwan; Korea Institute of Water and plan and its environmental stress, effects by Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, individual habitat types and species, cumulative 462-1, Chonmin-Dong, Yusong-Ku, Taejon, 305-730 impacts and mitigation. The most severe decifit is Korea. 82-42-870-7400 Fax 82-42-870-7469 still the lack of verified data since the studies [email protected] included only few or none field days.

Overview of rapid trophic classification of streams The results indicate that AA reports do not provide based on microalgae biomass in strategic an adequate basis for decision making but the input environmental assessment. of regional environment centres is essential. Only 42 percent of the cases AA reports and statements shared the same conclusion. Often mitigation of 191. (Paper) effects was seen insuffient by the centres and Environmental Management Plan for CBM additional measures were set for acceptance of the Exploration and Development in Damodar Valley, project or plan. India

Singh, Harsh Vardhan; National Environmental 721. (Paper) Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru GIS-Based Assessment of Carrying Capacity Marg, NAGPUR, 440 020 India. 91-712-2249881 and Spatio-Temporal Visitor Management for Fax 91-712-2249896 [email protected] | National Parks: Focusing on the Mt. Chiri www.neeri.res.in National Park in Korea

Coal Bed Methane (CBM) has emerged as a Son, Min-Ho; Korea University, Division of valuable energy source. Recently in India, Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, exploration studies have been initiated to Seoul, 136-701 Korea. +82-2-3290-3470 commercially exploit the methane trapped in coal [email protected] beds. Despite being an environmentally friendly

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Lee, Woo-Kyun; Korea University, Division of because of insufficient development of assessment Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, tools, it is too early to expect for the PERS to take Seoul, 136-701 Korea. +82-2-3290-3016 effect successfully. [email protected] So far, water resources development has been Korea has been experiencing an increasing dominated by supply ‘efficiency’ and ‘cost-benefit’ recreational demand. This recreational demand analysis from the planning stage. Consequently, tends to be also concentrated to specific time environmental considerations have been relatively (weekends), site (national parks), and season neglected. Lack of guidelines, by which decision- (summer). By excessive use by too many visitors in makers can depend on, made matters worse. specific parks, places, times, natural and cultural Therefore, this study examines water resources resources can be degraded. These negative development from planning to implementation stage impacts have been forcing us to consider how much to find what environmental considerations should be use or human impact can be accommodated in a taken in each stage and suggests an SEA tool in park. With this consideration, lots of efforts for respective stages. The main research findings are determining the optimal level of use have been as follows: 1) analysis of water resources made till now. That is, much effort has been placed development plans, 2) review of environmental on the carrying capacity. Our approach was focused considerations on water resources planning, 3) on the dual purpose: ecological stability and development of environment-friendly water experience quality. And we incorporate two values, resources planning tools, and 4) development of that is protection value for ecological stability and SEA guideline for environment-friendly water attraction value for experience quality. Protection resources development value was evaluated and graded using GIS-based analysis with factors of biological and physical sensitivity. Attraction value was evaluated and 167. (Paper) graded using GIS-based analysis with factors of Capacity Building for Impact Assessment: facilities and attractive sites. Site-based Lessons and Experiences from Tanzania management grade was derived through comparing protection grade with attraction grade. We tried to Sosovele, Hussein; University of Dar es Salaam, find ways to solve the conflict through comparing Mlimani Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. +255 both values and to suggest site based visitor 222410144 +255 22 2410393 management strategies. [email protected]

The various components of impact assessment 668. (Paper) such as strategic environmental assessment have Establishing SEA Guideline for Environment- become powerful instruments that can assist Friendly Water Resources Development decision-makers, cooporate bodies and the general public to integrate economic, environmental, social, Song, Young-Il; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 policy, cultural concerns in development policies, Bulgwang-dong Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-706 plans, programmes, projects and other major Korea. 82-2-380-7674 Fax 82-02-380-7744 decisions at an appropriate stage of [email protected] development/planning cycles.

Jung, Sunhee; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 These instruments can be effective if several factors Bulgwang-dong Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-706 are in place. One of these factors is capacity to Korea. 82-2-380-7650 Fax 82-02-380-7744 understand, handle, undertake and use relevant [email protected] instruments at the right time and in a manner that would enhance sustainability. Many countries that Kim, Cheoljin; Korea Water Resources Corporation, have introduced impact assessment in their systems 560 Sintanjin-ro Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, Korea. 82- are grappling with this issue. In Tanzania, impact 42-629-3575 Fax 82-42-629-3599 assessment is over 20 years old and yet the [email protected] practice is facing many challenges.

Shin, Gihye; Korea Water Resources Corporation, This article explores various elements that form 560 Sintanjin-ro Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, Korea. 82- capacity building efforts in Tanzania and examines 42-629-3575 Fax 82-42-629-3599 the challenges and experiences so as to address [email protected] the numerous bottlenecks that capacity building for impact assessment is facing. The term capacity Korea has implemented the Prior Environmental building is understood broadly to include formal Review System (PERS) since 1993 in order to training and institutional strengthening that includes review possible impacts of projects on environment. institutional set up, defining roles, mandates and The PERS as an institution has improved over the rules; awareness among policy makers and years and it was amended in 2006 so as to have awareness among and within the public on the role, same influences as SEA. Despite these functions and importance of impact assessment. improvements, there have not been enough cases to test effectiveness of the PERS. In addition,

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389. (Paper) Urago, Akiko; IC Net Limited, FSK Bldg., 3rd Fl., 4-1 Urban Development and Impact Shintoshin, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-0081 Japan. 81-48-600-2500 Fax 81-48-600-2501 Sotiri, Matilda; Tirana Municipality, [email protected] | www.icnet.co.jp Sheshi"Skenderbej", Tirane, Albania. 003554224066/146 [email protected], Committee for Planning and Investment (CPI), has [email protected] prepared to change the regulation and procedure of project approval suitable for EIA. CPI is the Since 1995, Tirana, the capital of Albania, is organization which level is same as ministry and be characterized by rapid development, and on the responsible for all the Public Investment projects’ other hand rapid urbanization pressure and approval in Lao PDR. Current Regulation 918, which disordered expansion of the urban zones, which are stipulate the rule and procedure of project approval associated with many problems, conflict and of Public Investment, did not go along with EIA contradictions. regulation. Last year we reached an agreement with Science Technology and Environment Agency, the In order to best dicipline this boom of construction, responsible agency of EIA law, concerning about the following is necessary: the overall procedure among CPI and project owners. This year CPI decided to add some • Wider knowledge of city planning, statements in the regulation, such as “any project legislation and the rule of city planning. that has no Environment Certificate can not be • Development plans, which must be guided approved,” the “project which needs EIA must by a detailed impact assessment ( IA ), to include EIA cost in total budget,” and so on. Now identify the direct impacts of project activity, CPI has developed the new project proposal formats and rehabilitative measures in case of and training material. National Assembly will pollution as well as their cost. approve this regulation in 2007. • Consideration of basic standard of density and extension, in order to make sure that 249. (Paper) Navigating the Maze: Coordinating Multiple EA canalizations and the local roads will be Frameworks for an International Transportation constructed. Project

Thus, the primery request is to promote the principle that a public advantage in controlling Stiff, Kaarina; Transport Canada, 330 Sparks Street, developing levels exists, and the concepts of city Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N5 Canada. 613-990-2861 development, traffic problems, qualitative Fax 613-990-9639 [email protected] development and a better environment for everyone. The Detroit River International Crossing (DRIC) Project is a coordinated effort by Canada, the United 135. (Paper) States, Ontario and Michigan to examine options for Revising the Regulation of Project Approval for adding border crossing capacity in Windsor-Detroit. EIA in Lao PDR This international border crossing is critical to the Souvannavong, Somphath; Department of local, regional and national economies. However, Investment Monitoring and Evaluation, Committee planning new transportation infrastructure of this for Planning and Investment, Luangprabang Rd., magnitude is complex, as the study must meet Vientiane Capital, 010001 Lao People's Democratic environmental requirements of several jurisdictions. Republic. 85621222063 Fax 85621241286 [email protected] At IAIA 06, I presented the DRIC study, focusing on public participation. For 2007, I propose to provide Bouaphachanh, Viengkhone; Department of an update, focusing on the study’s efforts to address General Planning, Committee for Planning and the multiple legal frameworks in a coordinated public Investment, Luangprabang Rd., Vientiane Capital, process. In the past year, the Canadian team has 010001 Lao People's Democratic Republic. 856-21- taken innovative steps to integrate requirements 222063 Fax 85621241286 [email protected] under the Canadian federal legislation with the provincial process, necessitating a much earlier Bouvoune, ViIlavan; Department of Investment application of the federal process than usually Monitoring and Evaluation, Committee for Planning occurs. and Investment, Luangprabang Rd., Vientiane Capital, 010001 Lao People's Democratic Republic. The paper will highlight differences in the legal EA 856-21-222063 Fax 85621241286 requirements in Canada, and challenges in [email protected] addressing them in a public process. It will describe steps taken to date, and use lessons learned and Sauvaly, Vivath; Enterprise Development comparisons with other jurisdictions as a basis for Consultants Co. Ltd., Ban Nakham, House No: 269 proposing options for future consideration. A key Unit 17, Vientiane Capital, Lao People's Democratic theme is that early application of the CEAA process Republic. (856-21) 251 050 Fax (856 21) 251 061 is integral to effective coordination with other [email protected] | www.edclao.laopdr.com jurisdictions.

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719. (Paper) the organization-level standard presented by the Assessing the Spatial Dimension of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Sustainability in Ho Chi Minh City The Facility Reporting Project (FRP; Storch, Harry; Brandenburg University of www.facilityreporting.org), a multistakeholder Technology Cottbus, Erich-Weinert-Str. 1, Cottbus, initiative, was created to develop and pilot such a Germany. +49355692122 [email protected] | framework in the US context, to be as compatible as www.megacity-hcmc.org possible with the GRI. This paper presents insights from the FRP experience into the nature of facility- Megacities of tomorrow like HCMC offer exceptional level reporting (including the necessity of opportunities to analyse both the impacts of large- stakeholder engagement) and explores the scale environmental resource problems and theoretical linkages between facility-level reporting institutional responses to these impacts, as well as and next-generation regulatory approaches. It then urban planning and management strategies to discusses the actual uptake of the FRP reporting overcome the limits and failures in the management framework by state and federal regulatory agencies of environmental resources. The paper presents in the US, illustrating the potential and difficulty of significant experiences of the urban sustainability implementing these linkages in practice. assessment research of housing policies at the urban planning level in Ho Chi Minh City. The aim of this paper is to discuss the importance of socio- 682. (Paper) environmental efficiency indicators for Sustainability EIA Review & Follow-Up: "Leadership Models" Assessment in spatial development planning. for EIA Effectivness in Africa Although environmentally inefficient settlement development structures are resulting in an ongoing Stoughton, Mark; The Cadmus Group, 2-257-5-302 unsustainable use of land-resources, planning Kiyomizu, Kyoto, KYOTO 605-0862 Japan. instruments have their limitations to promote the +81.75.541.6353 [email protected] | necessary structural changes in spatial development www.cadmusgroup.com planning. Based on current urban growth research, this paper offers an overview of available indicators Over April 12 & 13, the UN Economic Commission that can describe the efficiency of regional and for Africa (UN ECA) and CLEAA (Capacity and urban spatial structures in relation to land use and Linkages for Environmental Assessment in Africa, a land consumption. The relevance of these indicators pan-African network of EIA institutes and in relation to contrasting urban development models associations) will hold a high-level experts meeting is verified. This section closes with in Addis Ababa on the effectiveness of African EIA recommendations for the integration of spatial- systems, with particular focus on EIA review and enabled sustainability indicators to assess the follow-up. (The areas of greatest weakness in efficiency of zoning of new developments for African EIA systems.) residential areas and traffic infrastructures in urban planning. Participants will include representatives of environmental agencies from African EIA “leader”

672. (Paper) countries and “follower countries” committed to Facility-Level Sustainability Reporting to strengthening their EIA systems, in addition to Support Next-Generation Environmental Policy: donors and organizations involved in EIA capacity- The Experience of the Facility Reporting Project building and strengthening on the continent.

Stoughton, Mark; The Cadmus Group, 22-57-5-302 The meeting will be a forum for assessing EIA Kiyomizu, Kyoto, KYOTO 605-0862 Lao People's review and follow-up (enforcement) mechanisms Democratic Republic. +81.75.541.6353 Fax that have had greatest success in achieving +81.75.541.6353 [email protected] satisfactory regulatory performance in African EIA systems. On this basis, participants will agree on Organization- (or corporate-) level sustainability approaches for implementing the recommendations reporting has become a basic CSR activity. of the recent UN ECA multi-country assessment of However, organization-level reporting does not meet EIA systems, and to develop an agenda for donors the needs of key "next-generation" environmental & other organizations with an interest in EIA regulatory and policy approaches such as effectiveness on the continent. environmental leadership programs, which require a clean compliance record and enhanced This paper will present a synopsis of these “leader” transparency and performance disclosure as a quid EIA review and follow-up mechanisms, the agenda pro quo for regulatory flexibility. For these purposes, for action that emerges from the meeting, and its facility-level sustainability reporting (beyond existing implementation prospects. regulatory reporting/disclosure) is required.

To be effective, however, facility-level reporting must be credible, consistent and comparable. This requires a facility reporting standard, analagous to

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675. (Paper) calculation method of these environmental costs but EIA Review, Enforcement and Funding: Lessons also the consideration in the environmental costs of Learned from a Strategic Review of Mali's EIA the topographical damage and the ecosystem System extinction by railroad work is needed. The environment-friendly plans in choosing the locations Stoughton, Mark; The Cadmus Group, 2-257-5-302 of the railroad route and station are also suggested, Kiyomizu, Kyoto, KYOTO 605-0862 Japan. and they include (1) consideration of environment +81.75.541.6353 [email protected] | protection area, residential zone, and region with www.cadmusgroup.com scenic beauty, (2) application of the existing railroad route and station, and (3) railroad route parallel to Over January-September 2006, a multinational team another traffic facility. undertook a strategic review of Mali's EIA system and the funding of environmental management 393. (Poster) activities in Mali. The review was financed by Lead Contamination From Target Shooting in USAID/Mali and conducted in collaboration with Washington State (USA) and Belarus: Similar Mali's Ministry of Environment. This paper presents Problems and Possible Resolution the assessment framework used, the findings, and prospects for their implementation. Sushko, Alla; Professionals for Development,

Partizanskiy Prospekt, Brest, Belarus. +(375 162) The assessment was conducted not primarily from 428800 [email protected], an EIA practitioner's perspective, but from a [email protected] regulatory performance perspective, with particular focus on institutional mechanisms for, Lead is an extremely toxic metal and probable implementation of, and funding for EIA review and carcinogen, which once in the body causes severe follow-up (i.e., enforcement). Concurrently, the team health effects in both humans and animals. assessed options for more sustainable funding Contamination of the soil from lead remaining after mechanisms for the EIA system and environmental recreational and military target shooting has been management activities more generally. found to directly and indirectly impact the

environment. This poster will demonstrate the The options identified snd recommendations made similarities of two situations where lead pollution in these areas have broader applicability. They are from shooting is a potential problem. In Washington also important: in common with many African State (USA), unauthorized recreational target countries, the EIA system in Mali is effectively the shooting has created high lead concentrations in the country's only functioning environmental regulatory soil greatly exceeding cleanup levels. Likewise, system, and Mali's system labors under institutional potentially high levels of lead have concentrated and financial constraints that are common in the from decades of range shooting at former Soviet region. military bases located in Belarus.

The assessment piloted a technical assistance Several potential problems affecting the model developed by CLEAA (a pan-African network environment, public safety and health have arisen in of EIA institutes and associations) and is proposed each situation. In both cases, the problem is for broader implementation. aggravated by the absence of governmental restrictions meaning that neither situation is officially 610. (Poster) regulated. Study on Application of Environmental Impact in Railroad Work Determining at which stage (source, cleanup or future use) this issue should be handled to reduce Sun, Hyosung; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2, the impacts from lead is extremely important. By Bulkwang-dong, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2- performing the most pertinent impact assessment, 380-7616 [email protected] governments can focus on effective strategies of containment, reduction and eventual removal of the Choi, Sangki; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2, lead on site. Once assessments are made, Bulkwang-dong, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2- development of better regulations may prevent 380-7719 [email protected] future damage.

Park, Youngmin; Korea Environment Institute, 613-2, Bulkwang-dong, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2- 456. (Paper) 380-7676 [email protected] Waste Facility Siting and Citizen Involvement in US This paper describes the plans of considering the environmental influences in the preliminary Tahir, Akino; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259- feasibility investigation of railroad work. Because the G5-9 Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama-Shi, Kanagawa- cost-benefit analysis method about the Ken 226-8502 Japan. +81-45-924-5550　 environmental costs by air pollution and traffic noise Fax +81-45-924-5551 [email protected] is mainly applied in preliminary feasibility investigation, not only the verification in the

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Waste has always been a problem for cities, in both 483. (Paper) developed and developing countries. One of the A Methodological Issue in Post-Project most difficult things is waste facility siting, as no one Assessment of Social Impact: Case Study of wants to have waste near them. One effective way Involuntary Resettlement Caused by Dam to deal with the problem is by involving citizens in Construction in Japan planning at the earliest stage. It is effective, because early involvement in the planning process can Takesada, Naruhiko; Department of International reduce the cost of planning and implementation. Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The United States, as a country considered University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, advanced in waste management, has also been Chiba 277-8581 Japan. +81-45-902-3944 involving its citizens at the earliest stage since [email protected] several years ago. The governmental system of federal, state, and county/city makes the US system The purpose of the presentation is to pose an issue of citizen involvement different from other countries. related to methodological aspects of social impact This paper discusses the US waste facility siting analysis, especially the timing of post project planning system, and how the citizen involvement is assessment or evaluation in development practice. conducted at the earliest stage of the process. The In the compensation measures for involuntary goal is to describe the US system and planning resettlement caused by the dam construction, the process and draw several learning points that could principle that the standard of living for resettlers be useful for facility siting and citizen involvement in should be improved or at least to be the same level other places. In this paper, the governmental system of that before resettlement is broadly agreed upon. of the US is described to present basic knowledge However, the result of evaluation of resettlers’ of its planning system, then narrowed down to study livelihoods after resettlement will vary depending on case in Washington State as example of citizen the timing of post evaluation as there naturally are involvement process in waste facility siting. uncertainty and unpredicted events in the social environment for resettlers. By presenting findings from the case study conducted in Japan after 50 783. (Paper) years of resettlement caused by dam construction, it A Tentative Soil Map as an Inventory Based on is argued that, in the presence of uncertainty or the Recognition of Characteristics and Pedon unpredicted events, it is necessary to monitor and Units of Urban Soils evaluate social impact in the longitudinal manner with the commitment. For practical and operational Takeda, M; Interdisciplinary Graduate School of implication for development projects in developing Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of countries, it is also noted that the commitment Technology, Japan. means will not only for monitoring but also for taking necessary measures to rectify and/or mitigate the Watanabe, M; Interdisciplinary Graduate School of difficulties faced by the resettlers even after the Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of project completion. Technology, Japan.

Tachibana, N; Dept. of Architecture, Japan. 9. (Paper) Impact of Urban Development Plan on Land Use The objective of this study is to develop a new in Strategic Environmental Assessment: A Case classification system for urban soils. Land creating Study of Wuhan City, China history, use and management of parks and physical- chemical properties of soils were examined for Tang, Tao; College of Environmental Science and urban parks in Japan. The results from soil analyses Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China, clarified that physical-chemical feature of the second College of Environmental Science and Engineering, layer was regulated by the stress of miscellaneous Meng-Min-Wei-Lou 407, Nankai University, China; urban fill, depending on land creating history of each Weijin Road 94#, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China. +86- park, while that of the surface layer was regulated 022-23508348 [email protected] by the use and management of the parks. A diagnostic surface layer was extracted from forest, Xu, He; College of Environmental Science and grassland, bare land, and wood chip sections. A Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China, two-dimension coordination system composed of College of Environmental Science and Engineering, grading method and park use was proposed to Meng-Min-Wei-Lou 407, Nankai University, China; subdivide urban park soils into specific soil units. Weijin Road 94#, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China. +86- The proposed system supported the applicability of 022-23508348 [email protected] subdividing urban park soils into soil units regardless of soil types. A tentative soil map was Guo, Liang; College of Environmental Science and produced based on the recognition of pedon units Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China, and urban soil quality. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Meng-Min-Wei-Lou 407, Nankai University, China; Weijin Road 94#, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China. +86- 022-23508348 [email protected]

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Jin, Guoping; College of Environmental Science and addition to consideration of biophysical impacts, Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China, includes any effects on social, cultural, and heritage College of Environmental Science and Engineering, resources. Meng-Min-Wei-Lou 407, Nankai University, China; Weijin Road 94#, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China. +86- The challenge implementing this legislation has 022-23508348 [email protected] been the recognition of new roles and responsibilities related to socio-economic impact In urbanizing regions, urban sprawl and assessment and mitigation. This paper identifies infrastructure cause profound alterations of land use. how the body responsible for EIA, the Mackenzie Initial decisions on urban expansion and Valley Environmental Impact Review Board (Review infrastructure investments are often made on a Board), has taken steps to bring socio-economic strategic level where the long-term regional considerations into its processes. It examines how development is determined. For these decisions a the Review Board engaged diverse groups (industry, strategic environmental assessment (SEA) can be government, experts in social matters and the prepared. However, the lack of adequate conceptual people of the Northwest Territories) in a process and methodological frameworks poses a major that culminated with the release of Socio-Economic problem for the analysis of impacts, not least Impact Assessment Guidelines. The true test will be concerning land resource. This paper, based on a whether the resulting rigorous assessment will recent project, offers an insight into the experience translate into better management of social, of integration of SEA into governmental plan making economic and cultural impacts. in China, and Wuhan city in particular. This is materialized by means of appraising the degree of integration of SEA process with land-use ordering 739. (Poster) process of Wuhan Urban Development Plan (2006- Impact Assessment as Part of Integrated 2010). It highlights the need for effective methods Planning and Management of Tourism in and for land resource analysis at landscape and regional around Natural Areas levels, with reference to long-term urban development. Problems of habitat loss, Taylor, Nick; Taylor Baines and Associates, 75 fragmentation and other impacts related to large- Oxford Road, Rangiora, New Zealand. 64 3 scale urbanization and infrastructure development 3138458 [email protected] | www.tba.co.nz are addressed. Expert judgments and GIS-based methods focusing on identify ecological impact are Gough, Janet; Taylor Baines and Associates, 16 discussed. The implementation of such Merlincote Cres, Christchurch, New Zealand. 64 3 methodologies in SEA process allows a better 3299735 [email protected] integration of the principles of land resource protection in decision-making. Warren, Julie; CRESA, 166-8 Featherstone St, Wellington, New Zealand. 64 4 4733071

602. (Paper) [email protected] The “Awakening” of SIA in the Northwest Territories, Canada: The Mackenzie Valley Blaschke, Paul; Blaschke Rutherford, 34 Pearce St, Environmental Impact Review Board’s Wellington, New Zealand. 64 4 3898545 Experience. [email protected]

Tapsell, Mary; Mackenzie Valley Environmental Baily, Marc; Boffa Miskell, 34 Pearce St, Wellington, Impact Review Board, 5102-50th Ave, New Zealand. 64 43859315 YELLOWKNIFE, Northwest Territories X1A 2N7 [email protected] Canada. 867-766-7063 Fax 867-766-7074 [email protected] Tourism in New Zealand relies heavily on nature- based resources, with impacts on natural areas and MacDonald, Alistair; Mackenzie Valley host communities. This research programme is Environmental Impact Review Board, 5102-50th Ave, developing an integrated approach to planning and YELLOWKNIFE, Northwest Territories X1A 2N7 management of tourism around natural areas, which Canada. 867-766-7052 Fax 867-766-7074 includes considering social, cultural, environmental [email protected] and economic impacts. The research is contributing to the national strategic research objective of a Past environmental impact assessments (EIA) in “dynamic tourism industry which is environmentally, Canada and many parts of the world have focused socially, culturally and economically sustainable.” on the biophysical environment. Within Canada, Key issues include competing requirements of most considerations of socio-economic impacts tourism and outdoor recreation activities, recognition relate to a biophysical impact that may result from a of finite capacity for activities at some sites, and the development. In Canada's north, the settlement of need to assess impacts and monitor progress “comprehensive land claims” between Indigenous towards sustainability. An iterative, multi-method peoples and the Canadian government resulted in approach fed findings from interviews, literature distinct environmental legislation. The Mackenzie reviews, case studies and workshops into an Valley Resource Management Act has a unique integrated model (to guide development of a web- definition of “impact on the environment” that in based tool box). The research process identified a

135 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - critical need to integrate the use of tools across emphasis on environmental cumulative impacts. different dimensions of sustainable management. The rationale for this paper is to highlight the Impact assessment was defined as one of six key importance of a comprehensive EIA/SEA as the only sets of tools that should integrate better. Individually, guarantee to a successful mine rehabilitation, tools are narrowly focused and miss the benefits of closure and aftercare. Partcipation in the IAIAO7 is integration to address complex issues of imperative to mould and shape our mine environmental management. The website is reclamation strategy with international designed to facilitate access to the full range of tools environmental management standards. and capacity building in support of their use.

276. (Paper) 243. (Paper) Vulnerability and Adaptation of Wetland Based Impact Assessment in Rural Development Ecosystems in Relation to Climate Variability Planning: A Case Study of Nansanga Farm and Extremes in Lake Victoria Basin Block Development in Serenje District of Zambia Tumbo, Madaka; Institute of Resource Tembo, Mackion; Ministry of Agriculture and Assessment,UDSM, P.o.Box 21858, Dar es salaam, Cooperatives, Mulungushi House, Independence +255 Tanzania. +255 754 47 55 26 Avenue, Lusaka, Lusaka 15100 Ridgeway Zambia. [email protected] 260 1 256756 Fax 260 1 256756 [email protected] Rainfall is one of the main agricultural inputs in the Lake Victoria basin and its characteristics and Impact Assessment in Rural Development Planning variability affect the agricultural production. Reduced is a relatively new concept in the Zambian rainfall is linked to reduced moisture availability in perspective. Rural Development has in the past the soils leading to poor growing condition and been largely based on physical, technical and consequently low crop production.The lengthening economical feasibility of projects. The consequence of the dry day spells and increased frequency of has been the introduction of new social and high rainfalls may combine into frequent desastrous environmental problems, many which still have to be flooding during the rainy season and extended addressed decades after the implementation of periods of severe low flows during the dry some projects. This paper highlights the importance season.The overall consequency is the reduction of of impact assessment in rural development planning water availability to the society. in Zambia, with the development of Nasanga Farm Block in Serenje District of Central Province of The study aimed at i) identifying the likelihood of the Zambia as a case study. occurrence of hydrological extreme events in areas in Tanzania located southwest of Lake Victoria, and ii) assessing the nature of community responses to 226. (Paper) reduce the impacts of such extremes. Indices of Reclamation and Closure of Coal Mines: floods and droughts were defined using rainfall Implications to Develop a National Strategy for anomalies and used to identify years when extreme Reclamation of Coal Mines in South Africa events have occurred. Group discussions, household surveys and personal observations were Tshivhandekano, Aubrey; Dept. of Minerals & used to understand the implications of past extreme Energy, 101 Dorp Street, POLOKWANE, LIMPOPO events for community livelihoods and to suggest 0700 South Africa. +2715 287 4700 Fax +2715 287 more appropriate adaptation measures to reduce 4729 [email protected] the impacts of extreme events in the future.

It was found that most of the impacts of the mines on the environment and the surrounding areas were 119. (Paper) associated with the operational and closure phases Impact Assessment and Environmental of the mines. Major impacts and concerns that arose Sustainability in the Niger Delta Region of during the closure were the stability of the mined Nigeria: The Role of Government and Oil areas; contamination and pollution in the Companies Operating in the Region surrounding areas, especially the pollution of ground water aquifers; visual impacts, particularly of the Ugochukwu, Collins; Brandenburg Technical discard dumps and slurry dams; shafts; and the University Cottbus, Juri-Gagarin Str. 1, Cottbus, monitoring of the environment following the mines' Brandenburg 03046 Germany. +493558692700 Fax closure. +49355694700 [email protected]

Continuous strengthening of EIA/SEA (2006 EIA Ertel, Jeurgen; Brandenburg Technical University review) requirements and compliance has yielded Cottbus, Juri-Gagarin Str. 1, Cottbus, Brandenburg positive mine reclamation strides in South Africa. 03046 Germany. +493558692700 Fax The intended outcome of this paper is to share +49355694700 [email protected] EIA/SEA experiences, challenges and successes with other partcipants, especially since there is a The Niger Delta is the richest part of Nigeria in major paradigm shift from project specific mine terms of natural resources. The area has large oil reclamation to regional closure with greater

136 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - and gas deposits, as well as extensive forests, good Mlakar, Borut; Bureau Veritas Certification, agricultural land and abundant fish resources. Linhartova 49a, Ljubljana, 1000 Slovenia. +386 Despite the tremendous natural and human 14757670 [email protected] resource base, the region's potential for sustainable development remains unfulfilled and its future is In Republic of Slovenia since 1997, more than 420 being threatened by environmental degradation and ISO 14001 certificates were issued. There are only deteriorating economic conditions which are not about 70 companies with ISO 14001 certificates being addressed by present policies and actions. which undergo IPPC Directive (less than 40 % of This paper addresses the role of impact assessment such companies identified). Companies undergoing in redressing the environmental conditions of the IPPC Directive are obliged to perform EIA for region, and also assesses the roles of the proposed projects. EMS can make EIA process stakeholders (government and oil companies) in more effective by adding strength to it. implementing sound technologies for its environmental sustainability. Strength of EIA process can be defined as a measure describing to what degree a certain EIA process ensures that all the objectives of EIA 334. (Poster) process are met. Strength of EIA process consists Development of HIA in Republic of Slovenia of two types of strength: process and issues and impacts strength. Fully implemented EMS can Ursic, Simona; Institute of Public Health Celje, contribute to increase the strength of both types. Ipavceva 18, CELJE, Slovenia. +386 34251200 [email protected] EMS ensures that environment becomes an important component of decision making process in Ursic, Andrej; Institute of Public Health Celje, early stages of the project cycle. By this it increases Ipavceva 18, CELJE, Slovenia. +386 34251200 EIA process strength. Issues and impacts strength [email protected] of EIA is increased by data an EIA elaborator can gather from environmental aspects and applicable In 1993 Republic of Slovenia adopted its first legal and other requirements. Data on evaluation of Environmental Protection Act (EPA1) which compliance can also be very useful. implanted EIA. HIA was not mentioned. A first step to HIA was adoption of the Directive on the On the other hand, EIA methods can be very useful methodology how to elaborate EIA reports in 1996. when the organization has to identify environmental The Directive declares that assessment of impacts aspects of its activities and products while planning on quality of life should be assessed. The second new developments. step to HIA was adoption of EPA2 in 2004. EPA2 postulated that in project oriented EIA an area with impacts with adverse impacts on human health has 227. (Paper) to be defined. In 2005 a Regulation on the Integrating Biodiversity Conservation in Impact assessment of the effects of certain plans and Assessment in Uganda programmes on the environment was adopted. In this Regulation it is clearly postulated that impacts Uwimbabazi, Berina; National Environment on human health must to be assessed. In practice, Management Authority, Plot 17/19/21 Jinja Road, development of HIA is slow. In project EIAs, most Kampala, Uganda. +256-41-251064/5/8 reports do not include HIA, or a simple assessment [email protected] is made that there is no effect on human health. HIA of impacts of plans and programmes is at the similar Uganda has a total area of 241,551km2 out of which level as HIA of proposed projects. HIAs conducted farmland is the most extensive, followed by involved only a few people spending a few hours grasslands, woodlands, water bodies, bush lands, with no or very limited recourse to literature tropical high forests, in that order. Uganda is very searches or professional epidemiologists or rich in species diversity, with more than 18,783 sociologists. They focus manly on health as species that are known or have been recorded in absence of disease. Uganda. Its biological diversity is one of the highest on the African Continent.

310/311. (Paper/Poster) There have been significant efforts in improving the Possibilities of Strengthening of EIA Process by policy and legal framework for sound environmental EMS and Vice Versa management.

Ursic, Andrej; Institute of Public Health Celje, These policies and laws address issues such as Ipavceva 18, CELJE, 3000 Slovenia. +386 3 biodiversity conservation, community participation in 4251200 [email protected] natural resources management and benefit sharing, and the roles of civil society and the private sector in Ursic, Simona; Institute of Public Health Celje, the management of these natural resources. Ipavceva 18, CELJE, 3000 Slovenia. +386 3 4251200 [email protected] Government has also put in place the National Environment (Environmental Impact Assessment)

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Regulations (1998) and Guidelines for EIA to guide is what one commentator wrote. The 2006 revised the process. principles even have a broader application then the first adopted principles. However, since then the This paper focuses on the incorporation of EPFIs (Equator Principles Financial Institutions) are biodiversity into the environmental impact confronted with two divergent demands. The assessment process of Uganda and the challenges international NGO community and independent being faced, particularly with regards to wetland and researchers ask for a compliance review forest biodiversity. mechanism and mediation function similar to the accountability mechanisms that most Multilateral Financial Institutions have established. So far the 657. (Poster) EPFIs have ignored the demand. Simultaneously Capacity Development through Knowledge officials of EPFIs warn that the competition of Sharing Chinese banks that “do not bother about social or human rights conditions,” could lead to downgrade Van Gent, Petrie; Netherlands Commission for the standards. So how can the world community Environmental Assessment, P.O. Box 2345, Utrecht, guarantee the challenging principles? 3500 GH Netherlands. +31 30 234 7609 [email protected] 394. (Paper) What is the most effective way of learning? Doing it SIA as a Social Quality Assurance Process yourself! And who can be your guide therein? Someone else who knows it from experience. In Vanclay, Frank; Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural practice it is best to see this person in his/her own Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, circumstances to better understand why something Tasmania 7001 Australia. +61-3-62262618 Fax +61- works and other things don't and under which 3-62267450 [email protected] | conditions. But often this is no realistic option. www.tiar.tas.edu.au Therefore the Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment maintains a knowledge SIA has been a technocratic expert-driven process platform and an SEA database to collect and which sought to identify the social impacts arising present case studies, good practice EIA and SEA, from the implementation of projects or policy. and materials from capacity development Although intended to be in the community interest, programmes and on-the-job training. SIA has not always engaged the community. Some have critiqued SIA, seeing it as little more than The knowledge platform also provides a helpdesk. legitimating (bad) development. In contrast,the "International Principles for SIA" advocate that SIA A lot of information is based on the NCEA’s own take a proactive stance for social development experiences internationally. In 2007 more rather than be limited to the identification and information on EIA and SEA in the Netherlands will mitigation of negative outcomes. This new model become available in English. In the database, links considers that assisting communities to identify are made to experiences from other countries and development goals and maximizing positive institutions. An impression of what we like to share, outcomes is more important than minimizing harm and hope you would like to share with us will be from negative impacts. SIA should be part of the presented on the poster. adaptive management. SIA also needs to assist communities to cope with change. Such a multifaceted understanding is not consistent with 386. (Paper) current regulatory processes associated with Equator Principles SIA/EIA. This paper speculates on the potential of a Quality Assurance process similar to an van Putten, Maartje; Global Accountability, R. Environmental Management System to address Visscherstraat 21, Amsterdam, 1054EV Netherlands. social issues in the operations of corporations and +31-651111553 other organizations. The argument is that SIA would [email protected] be more effective in achieving its goals if it were seen as a quality assurance process rather than Will the Equator Principles be mature? A substantial being a point-in-time assessment of potential amount of private financial institutions adopted in impacts. 2003 the so-called Equator Principles: performance standards on social and environmental sustainability and disclosure policy: the IFC/World Bank standards. The announcement by a group of private banks was received as a promising development concerning the environmental/social impacts of major investments. “The Equator Principles are a shining beacon for responsible banking. Their impact on the financial market generally and their success in redefining banking considerations has been far greater than anyone could have predicted,”

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786. (Poster) Vemuri, Siva Ram; Charles Darwin University, The State of AEE Guidance Material Provided to Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909 Resource Consent Applicants by Local, Australia. +61-8-8946-6087 Fax +61-8-8946-6771 Regional and Central Government in New [email protected] | www.cdu.edu.au Zealand Mullen, Gabrielle; Charles Darwin University, Varkalis, Ben; Centre for Impact Assessment Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909 Research and Training (CIART), Department of Australia. +61-8-8946-6734 Geography, University of Otago, Dunedin, New [email protected] | www.cdu.edu.au Zealand. +64 3 479 8782 Fax +64 3 479 9037 [email protected] A well-managed project can have increased benefits for all involved, but the strongest value is integrity. One major problem of EIA is ensuring that people Successful project management allows the SIA to know how to use it properly. The key to solving this make its assessment through its processes, and problem is to explain the nature and purpose of EIA control of input. and how it can be used to best effect. The main aim of this research is to assess the quality of guidance Good governance and responsible corporate on impact assessment provided to users by local, stewardship are both necessary for ensuring regional and central government in New Zealand, accurate outcomes from conducting social and under the Resource Management Act. A second aim economic impact assessments. However, the is to formulate a best practice model for such sufficient condition underlying success involves high guidance, for use by intending applicants to give quality project management skills. Successful them the best help and certainty in their resource management of a project is considered as a process consent application. which allows for the project to guide but not influence the opinions of the participants. All councils in New Zealand have been approached for copies, paper or electronic, of their impact The premise of the paper is that successful project assessment guidance. This is being evaluated using management makes a tangible difference to the criteria based on good practice impact assessment. outcome of an impact assessment study. We put In addition, experiences in other countries, but also forward our case study: an impact assessment of in other professional sectors, will be examined, to the expansion of the bauxite and alumina mine on provide a broader framework for evaluating AEE the Yolngu people of Arnhem Land, Northern guidance in New Zealand. Australia.

The paper discusses the methodology developed to 343. (Poster) take account of the reality of the people. Working Pollution: Think Before Problems Show Up with Indigenous and non-Indigenous people of the area, the second part of the paper will provide Vathi, Elona; Tirana Municipality Unit Nr.6, Rr. evidences of controlled project management which "H.Hidi", P.63/3, Sh.1, Ap.5, Tirana, Albania, Tirane, allowed for the social impact assessment to be only Albania. 00355 4 22 94 04 [email protected] determined by the community (stakeholders). Finally the paper will draw conclusions for IA practitioners. My poster consists in 4 photos taken from my As the environment in which IA practitioners country, Albania. These photos show the pollution of becomes more complex, the involvement of project my country in air, land and water. The first photo management skills are becoming more important. shows the smoking of the Metallurgic Indutri of Elbasan and the smoke emited from this industry. This industry is a big problem for the city and its 333. (Paper) inhabitants. The second photois River of Lana, the Early Findings from the Appropriate main river of Capital City, Tirana. In this photo is Assessment of Plans as Required by the shown the pollution of the water caused by solid Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC wastes. The third photo shows the Field of Sharra where the solid wastes are accumulated. This is the Venn, Orlando; Treweek Environmental, 32 Ashton biggest environmental problem for our capital city. Crescent, Braunton, Devon EX33 1RD United The fourth photo shows the smog caused by grave Kingdom. +44 (0)1271 814028 traffic of Tirana. Through my poster I want to give a [email protected] message to all governments and people as well to protect environment before it's too late. Treweek, Jo; Treweek Environmental, Chancery Cottage, Cullompton, Devon United Kingdom. +44 (0)1884 266798 [email protected] 462. (Paper) Promoting Good Governance and Corporate Directive 92/43/EEC – the ‘Habitats Directive’ - Stewardship Responsibly through Successful provides legal protection for habitats and species of Project Management of Social Impact European importance. It establishes an EU-wide Assessments network of sites known as Natura 2000 and sets out the decision-making tests required for plans or

139 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - projects that may affect Natura 2000 sites. These 706. (Paper) tests are collectively known as Appropriate ‘Bling’ and the Art of Impact Assessment Assessment (AA). AA is required for plans which, alone or in combination with other plans or projects, Verheem, Rob; Netherlands Commission for would be likely to have a significant effect on a Environmental Assessment, PO Box 2345, Utrecht, Natura 2000 site(s). 3500 GH Netherlands. ++31 30 2347636 Fax ++ 31 30 2331295 [email protected] Appropriate assessment has been carried out on projects across Europe since the adoption of the Morrison-Saunders, Angus; School of Directive, but until last year there were no examples Environmental Science, Murdoch University, South of application to development plans. Following a Street, Murdoch, Western Australia WA 6150 recent ruling by the ECJ to amend its regulations, Australia. ++618 9360 6125 Fax ++618 9360 6787 the UK has seen the first AAs being undertaking for [email protected] plans in the UK. This paper looks at a number of case studies of AA undertaken at the local and Arts, Jos; Ministry of Transport, Public Works & regional level in the UK over the last year and Water Management, PO Box 5044, Delft, 2600 GA examines the benefits and issues of different AA Netherlands. ++31 15 2518461 Fax ++31 15 approaches currently in use, what changes to the 2518555 [email protected] plan have resulted from the AA, and what the links are with SEA and SA? The various branches of the impact assessment tree have progressed rapidly in the last decades. They have become more scientifically sound, technically 235. (Paper) advanced and socially skilled. However, one issue Impact Assessment in the Face of Land Use has not advanced a lot: image and – linked to that – regulation: Dealing with Conflict through the influence. Use of Stakeholders Dialogue IA started as a technical tool of specialists, not Verduzco-Chavez, Basilio; University of Guadalajara, attracting a lot of attention of the ‘people that matter’ Periferico Norte 799 Edif. M, Zapopan, Jalisco – i.e., those in power, elected, making a difference 45000 Mexico. 52 33 3770 3404 Fax 52 33 3770 (top-level civil servants, captains of industry, 3404 [email protected] ministers). To them, IA is something their employees do to fulfill obligations. However, we Bringas, Nora Leticia; El Colegio de la Frontera have learned that the people in charge need to be Norte, Km. 18.5 Carr. Escenica Tijuana-Ensenada, committed to the IA process, from the early start. To San antonio del Mar, Tijuana, Baja California 22560 make a difference and overcome resistance, Mexico. 52 664 6316 300 [email protected] agenda setting, issue filtration, using windows of opportunity and timely communication are needed. Conflicts around the impacts of an infrastructure Key question then is: how to achieve this? project are difficult to eliminate. Impact assessment approval is particularly difficult in the face of land The authors argue that IA specialists need to use regulation. By introducing a multi-stakeholder combine forces with those arts and skills that have dialogue project, promoters may engage in been underrepresented in IA, such as writers, artists, negotiation and conflict management strategies that PR and marketing specialists. Key objective is to put may reduce the conflict potential of the project. sufficient ‘bling’ into IA to attract (new) audiences. Dialogue may produce problem solutions by Options range from Bono to videos, from storytelling consensus and generate opportunities for public to pin ups and from blogs to virtual communities. participation. The first part of this paper describes the challenges for IA approval in the face of land use regulation in Mexico. The second part describes 131. (Paper) the components and stages of stakeholder dialogue Modeling Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal based on the experience of cases in Mexico and Contaminated Mine Spoil Dumps how such schemes may contribute to generate information for different social groups. In the third Verma, Parikshit; National Environmental part we present a list of recommendations for Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, project promoters wishing to implement a multi Nagpur, Maharastra 440020 India. 917122249881 stakeholder dialogue as a strategy for conflict Fax 917122249896 [email protected] | prevention and conflict management in the face of www.neeri.res.in tough land use regulation. Singh, Harsh Vardhan; National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharastra 440020 India. 917122249881 Fax 917122249896 [email protected] | www.neeri.res.in

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Wate, Satish Ramchandra; National Environmental 15149873000 4823# Fax 15149876784 Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, [email protected] Nagpur, Maharastra 440020 India. 917122249881 Fax 917122249896 [email protected] | Fighting poverty efficiently in Africa is at least www.neeri.res.in partially dependant on sustainable transportation systems. Road projects are very common in Africa. Devotta, Sukumar; National Environmental Positive economic and social impacts are targeted Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, but they can also have important negative Nagpur, Maharastra 440020 India. 917122249870 environmental impacts. In most African countries, Fax 917122249900 [email protected] | those projects are subjected by law to www.neeri.res.in environmental impact assessment. This analysis presents a portrait of the practice of environmental Singh, Rishi Narayan; National Geophysical impact assessment (EIA) studies conducted in Research Insitute, uppal raod, hydrabad, Andhara different African contexts (different climatic Pradesh India. 9104023434604 Fax conditions; nature of the project: new roads, [email protected] maintenance or rehabilitation; local or international experts involved) in the past ten years, through five An important component in environmental impact case studies. It questions their efficiency and assessment is to design an effective environmental contribution to sustainability. Four categories of management plan for the developmental activity. criteria are used: procedures involved (regulatory With easy availability of fast computational tools, frameworks), assessment process (clear objectives, mathematical models are not only being used for duration and cost; level of public participation; prediction of impacts but also for designing integration of sustainability objectives; monitoring remediation strategies and activities as a part of and follow-up; risk management), methodology effective environmental management plan. After the (influence of guidelines; sector approaches; economical extraction of target metal from the ore participatory methodologies) and contents (report bodies, the remaining mine spoil having a high content as reference state of the environment, heavy metal content is dumped, which can leach to context and justification of the project, project the groundwater issues and can also pollute the components and study areas; nature of the nearby surface water sources. For such mine-spoil assessed impacts as biophysical, health, social, dumps, Phyto-remediation is an emerging technique heritage, landscape, quality of life). The synthesis is for the in-situ treatment of contaminated soil/mine presented as a SWOT analysis (Strengths, spoil at low cost. Based on laboratory/field scale Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) and studies, mathematical expressions have been recommendations are suggested to improve EIA developed for different phenomena like metal practice. adsorption in soil, plant root growth with time, moisture and metal uptake by plant root. The complete design of any such Phytoremediation 379. (Paper) program would require knowledge of behavior of Effect of Lime (Quick Lime Ca0) Stabilisation on heavy metal movement in soil, water and plant root Intestinal Pathogens in Domestic Septage: A system. In this paper a model for simulating heavy Pre-Disposal Treatment metal dynamics in soil, water and plant root system is developed and analyzed and the formulation has Wachukwu, Confidence Kinikanwo; Rivers State been illustrated using characteristic example. University of Science & Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State 234 Nigeria. 234(0) 0833410602 748. (Paper) [email protected] Sustainable Development in Environmental Impact Assessment of Road Projects: State of The effect of lime stabilization on intestinal Practice and Future Trends in Africa pathogens from septage samples were investigated. Two septage samples, treated and untreated, were Waaub, Jean-Philippe; Geography department, analyzed microbiologically for total heterotrophic Université du Québec à Montréal, 1255 rue St-Denis, count (THC) or viable counts and most probable Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8 Canada. number (MPN) for coliform estimations. Lime 15149873000 8908# Fax 15149876784 waaub.jean- [Ca(OH)2] was added to the treated septage until a [email protected] pH of 12.0 was attained and left at that pH for 30 minutes, while nothing was added to the untreated Boubacar, Djibo; Geography department, Université septage which served as control. This experiment is du Québec à Montréal, 1255 rue St-Denis, Montréal, pH and time dependent. Result of the THC obtained Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8 Canada. 15149873000 from treated septage showed no growth of intestinal 4923# Fax 15149876784 [email protected] pathogens, except few growth of Bacillus subtilis (104 cfu/g). The untreated septage showed heavy Wotto, Marguerite; Geography department, growth of Salmonella typhi (104 cfu/g), Proteus Université du Québec à Montréal, 1255 rue St-Denis, vulgaris (104 cfu/g), Escherichia coli (105 cfu/g) and Montréal, Montréa, Québec H3C 3P8 Canada. Bacilus subtilis (104 cfu/g). The MPN result for coliform estimation also showed a drastic reduction

141 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - in feacal coliform from 1600/100ml for untreated to same age bracket. A Haematological parameters, 14/100ml for treated septage. The results of this Liver function Test (LFT) and microbiological study showed that with the application of line or any parameters were carried out using Qualitative Buffy other alkali in domestic septage, the level of Coat (QBC) and atomic absorption intestinal pathogens will be reduced, if not spectrophotometer (AAS) machine.The result shows completely eliminated. that there was a progressive decrease in platelet and total white blood cell (WBC) counts, depending on the years of exposure. This study shows the 371. (Paper) progressive risks of liver, malaria infections and high Environmental Impact Assessment for the level of toxicants the solid waste disposal workers Construction of Foreshore Protection in the are exposed to. Adequate Personal Protective Niger Delta, Nigeria Equipment (PPE) should be provided to avoid epidemic among the workers. It is also presumed Wachukwu, Confidence Kinikannwo; Rivers State that these waste disposal workers could also be University of Science & Technology,Port Harcourt, carriers of some pathogens in the waste they Dept. of Medical Laboratory Science, Rs/S.U.S.T dispose. Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State 234 Nigeria. 234(0) 8033410602 [email protected] 429. (Paper) From Policies to Practice- Environmental Human health has always been dependent on our Support to Peacekeeping Operations relationship with our environment. Every sane human being desires to be healthy, but good health Waleij, Annica; Swedish Defence Research Agency, can be elusive especially when we fail to mind our Cementvagen 20, Umea, SE- 901 82 Seeden. + actions on the environment. This is because a poor, 4690 106600 Fax + 4690 106800 filthy, and putrid environment can affect the health of [email protected] an individual and result in subsequent death. The health implication of communities with some of Borla, Gabriele; Former UN DPKO employee, Nr 1 these environmental problems could be quite UN Plaza, New York, United States. +1 917 367 serious. Communities are constantly ravaged by 5050 [email protected] cholera outbreaks, malaria and other related diseases. This study focuses on the need for both Liljedahl, Birgitta; Swedish Defence Research government at all levels and individuals to conduct Agency, Cementvagen 20, Umea, SE- 901 82 EIA studies on how to protect the Riverine Areas of Sweden. + 4690 106600 Fax + 4690 106800 the Niger Delta. It also highlights the natural disaster [email protected] that may occcur if the sea shores are not protected, such as gully erosion land degradation. Construction An area of growing concern for the Swedish Armed offoreshores around communities close to the ocean Forces is environmental considerations in peace will help protect them from these natural disaters. keeping and peace enforcing operations as Sweden, like many other countries, increases its involvement in such missions. A need for close cooperation 374. (Paper) between military and civilian actors has been Assessment of Health Risk Exposure of Solid identified as well as the importance of different types Waste Disposal Workers in Port Harcourt, of networks. Nigeria In a recent cooperation between Sweden (the Wachukwu, Confidence Kinikanwo; Rivers State Swedish Armed Forces) and the Swedish Defence University of Science & Technology, Port Harcourt, Research Agency and United Nations Department Nigeria, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers of Peacekeeping Operations (UN DPKO), State 234 Nigeria. 234(0) 8033410602 Environmental Protection issues have been [email protected] addressed.

Eleanya, Evangelin; University, Rivers State One project deliverable was to start the University of Science & Technology, Port Harcourt, implementation of the recently developed UN DPKO Rivers State 234 Nigeria. 234 80556432 Environmental Policy and Guideline by providing [email protected] training to environmental engineers in UN field missions. The first trial education took place in Italy In this study, the various health risks associated with in 2006 where the participants among other things waste disposal workers in Port Harcourt were shared lessons learned from their current and investigated. The aim is to access the extent of previous mission experiences. The major exposure in terms of inhalation of toxic substances environmental problems affecting peacekeeping into their systems and its affects on their health operations, which are typically deployed in a post since the workers are not protected in any way while conflict and/or developing country, were discussed doing their jobs. About 10ml of venous blood were and a list of suggested actions were developed. collected from 50 waste disposal workers, aged Training for key staff and raising general awareness between 21 – 50 and 15 control subjects of the among mission staff was considered paramount and

142 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - an annual workshop suggested. The presentation The goal of these activities under the Russian- will describe the outcome and suggested way ahead. German agreement is to support the Russian governmental and non-governmental institutions in their efforts to modernise and harmonise their 234. (Paper) instruments and methods in the environmental and Repositioning the Horse Before the Cart: A conservation areas. The present research project Relook at EIA therefore envisages the development of a Russian- German manual on EIA in the Russian Federation Weaver, Alex; CSIR, Jan Cilliers, Stellenbosch, and Germany. The EE and the OVOS are crucial 7599 South Africa. 27 21 888 2443 Fax 27 21 888 instruments for good sustainable development. 2693 [email protected] | www.csir.co.za Although Russia has the necessary legal foundations, considerable uncertainties still exist Ten years ago, IAIA produced a study on the regarding the implementation of the legal effectiveness of environmental assessment (Sadler, stipulations. A Russian-German manual on the EE 1996). Shortly thereafter, in 1997, South Africa and the OVOS could help remedy these deficits gazetted regulations enforcing EIA. In spite of major through a broad standardisation and formulation of improvements in impact assessment and worldwide minimum requirements. Already existing Russian uptake of tools like EIA, the recurrent limitations to standards are to be brought together and EIA effectiveness over the past decade suggest that harmonised, and German and European stipulations we have made limited progress in honing our are to be introduced as possibilities for practice approach to impact assessment to one which allows optimisation in Russia. The presentation provides it to reach its full potential and serve its desired intermediate results of the research project. purpose. It might be time for a radical rethink of our approach. 708. (Paper) In this paper we identify the key, recurrent obstacles Ensuring Quality Impact Assessments through to EIA effectiveness (based largely on South African Corporate Governance experience supplemented by published international experience); thereafter we explore approaches to Wessels, Francisca; SH&E Centre, Sasol, 33 Baker dealing with these issues based on thinking from the Street, Rosebank, Johannesburg South Africa, emerging field of “sustainability science.” In Johannesburg, South Africa South Africa. 27 (0)11 particular, we focus on dealing with multiple 3440134 Fax 27 (0)11 5228115 epistemologies and integrating different knowledge [email protected] forms in EIA; a systemic approach to defining scale and boundaries; dealing with complex, Labuschagne, Carin; Sasol Technology, Sasol unpredictable problems; and moving away from a Infrachem, Sasolburg, South Africa. 27 developer and procedure-driven process to one (0)169604468 Fax 27 (0)11 2190925 which is based on social-ecological system [email protected] resilience. In these circumstances, the promotion of good governance and corporate stewardship through the 318. (Paper) impact assessment process poses a real challenge. Russian-German Manual on Environmental It does not lie directly within the franchisor’s locus of Impact Assessment control.

Wende, Wolfgang; Berlin University of Technology, This paper presents an overview of lessons learned Strasse des 17. Juni 145, Berlin, 10623 Germany. and actions taken by Sasol Oil, to address these +49-30-314-73284 Fax +49-30-314-23507 challenges from the perspective of an oil company, [email protected] | www.tu-berlin.de/~lbp operating as a franchisor in the South African petroleum retail industry. May, Anja; Berlin University of Technology, Strasse des 17. Juni 145, Berlin, 10623 Germany. +49-30- Maintaining the societal licence to operate and the 314-73337 Fax +49-30-314-23507 [email protected] protection of brand and reputation have become key berlin.de | www.tu-berlin.de/~lbp business drivers. This has resulted in numerous business related governance initiatives being Johann, Koeppel; Berlin University of Technology, implemented, to ensure that all business related Strasse des 17. Juni 145, Berlin, 10623 Germany. activities are aligned with the corporate Safety, +49-30-314-22344 Fax +49-30-314-23507 Health and Environmental (“SH&E”) and [email protected] | www.tu-berlin.de/~lbp Sustainable Development (“SD”) principles adopted and subscribed to by a business. The adoption of The point of departure for the present Russian- company specific SH&E and SD Minimum German research project is the agreement arrived at Requirements and standards, often extending between the Federal Republic of Germany and the requirements beyond country specific legislative Russian Federation in 1992 on co-operation in the requirements, necessitates corporate governance to area of environmental conservation. be exercised to ensure that, for example, the standard of environmental impact assessments

143 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - carried out, meet the desired company specific 561. (Paper) standards and outcomes. ESIA - No longer a Tick in the Box for Oil and Gas However, there are scenarios in which corporate entities (franchisors) carry out business by entering Witchalls, Ben; BP International, Maddox Farm, into agreements with individuals (developers and Leatherhead, Surrey KT23 3BU United Kingdom. franchisees) in order to develop and operate a +44 1932 739 409 [email protected] development, such as a retail filling station, intended to carry the brand of the corporate entity. Finney, Rob; BP International, Building H, Sunbury on Thames, Middlesex TW16 7LN United Kingdom. Often the attraction to such a deal is the fact that the +44 1932 763742 [email protected] necessary environmental authorisations and rezoning authorisations have already been obtained Taskforce, OGP ESIA; OGP, 209-215 Blackfriars or is the sole responsibility of the proposed Road, London, SE1 8LN United Kingdom. +44 (0)20 developer. Generally the developer carries the risks 7633 0272 [email protected] involved with the development. The Environmental, Social and Health Risk and Impact Management Process (e-SHRIMP) is a tool 237. (Paper) developed by a taskforce within the International Balancing Between Geothermal Energy Capacity Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP). It is Expansion and Wildlife Conservation in Kenya’s aimed at delivering additional value in Oil and Gas National Parks/Game Reserves with Geothermal projects through enhanced quality, consistency and Energy Potential industry alignment. It builds on good practice and shared learning of a number of OGP member Wetang'ula, Gabriel; Kenya Elecetricity Generating companies. This will enable member companies Company, Olkaria Geothermal Power Stations, Moi other oil and gas companies to benefit. Key features South Lake Road, NAIVASHA, Kenya. include: +254723827359 Fax +2545021223 [email protected] • Early identification of project risks or opportunities; Three major energy sources are utilized in Kenya. • Linking ESIA with project decision-making; They are comprised of biomass, petroleum and • A consistent process to aid delivery on time electricity. Hydropower dominates the electricity and on budget; sub-sector, followed by fossil and geothermal. • A framework for contract awards; Owing to unreliable rain patterns and Kenya’s high • Enhancing corporate memory by the dependence on hydropower, the electricity supply application of experience and learning has been becoming unreliable in dry seasons. • Establishing shareholder confidence. Development of geothermal energy is thus environmentally benign and reliable. The energy A common set of tools can be shared that can be demand has increased with improvement of custom fit to the user’s specific project. The economy. The government has demonstrated a approach will establish a valuable platform in joint great commitment to exploitation of geothermal ventures and to define the requirements for energy. contractors (including consultants). It should also assist groups in the external community, including Geothermal systems are associated with Great financial institutions, investors and other Africa Rift Valley, which intersects Kenya and other stakeholders (NGOs and other interest groups) in countries. The current output in Kenya is 130 MW, their engagement with projects. all located in Hell’s Gate National Park. There are plans to increase the generation by an additional The process in developing this tool has been 576 MW by 2026. Thirteen other geothermal energy presented at previous IAIA conferences. prospect areas exist in the Kenyan Rift of which Olkaria, Longonot, Lake Bogoria, Lake Baringo are all wildlife conservation areas. 524. (Paper) Meeting the Energy Needs of Underserved Kenya has over the years gained experience in Consumers - A Novel Approach managing the environmental issues associated with geothermal energy development in wildlife Witchalls, Ben; BP, Maddox Farm, Leatherhead, conservation area. This has proved that geothermal Surrey KT23 3BU United Kingdom. 01932 739 409 energy development can coexist with wildlife [email protected] conservation with maximum benefit for diverse resource for sustainable economic growth with the Emerging Consumer Market Group, BP; BP planed power capacity expansion. International, Building B, Sunbury, United Kingdom. 01932 739 409 [email protected]

In 2004 BP sent a research team to India in order to study organic business growth opportunities. The

144 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - team identified a huge untapped energy market in form of “mediated representativity” creates new rural India that does not have access to clean, safe spaces of governance as it allows indirect and affordable energy. In cooperation with local stakeholders and policy makers to ‘learn’ in semi- institutions a modular cooking solution consisting of interaction with direct stakeholders. This paper agricultural waste based pellets, a near smokeless shares our experiences with making and using the biomass stove, bottled LPG and an LPG stove has VPA AIDS & Rural Development in workshops in been developed. By serving the multiple energy Africa and Asia. needs of these rural consumers a sustainable, profitable and scalable business has been created. 350. (Paper) A series of impact assessment studies were Comparing Institutions: The Tennessee Valley commissioned including a Life Cycle Assessment of Authority and the Niger Delta Development the agricultural waste pellets, thought to be one of Commission the most comprehensive of its kind. Social assessments were also undertaken due to Wolf, C. P.; Social Impact Assessment Center, 423 innovative market entry that includes the Broome Street, New York, NY 10013 United States. empowerment of women by converting them into 12129662708 Fax 12122191963 [email protected] village entrepreneurs. The business model has already been launched in more than 60 villages in Ayasuk, Chrisian; EnvironmentWatch, 3, Odo Lane, the states of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, reaching Off Kesioulu Road, Port Harcourt, Rivers Nigeria. more than 10000 consumers by the end of 2006. 2348037059117 [email protected] This is possibly the first time that a large company like BP has implemented such a comprehensive The volatile development situation of the Niger Delta business plan in this area. and its strategic importance to Nigeria and the rest of the world underscore the necessity and urgency Research continues to identify other rural consumer of applying best development practice to that critical energy needs. region.

In response to this situation, the Social Impact 484. (Paper) Assessment Center (SIAC), together with members Mediated Representativity: The VPA AIDS & of IAIA-Nigeria, have been conducting a project on Rural Development “Comparing Regions: Applying Lessons Learned to Niger Delta Development” over the past five years. Witteveen, Loes; Larenstein University of Professional Education, Mansholtlaan 10-12, The first event in this process, an international Wageningen, 6700AK Netherlands. *31317486301 conference on “Comparing Rivers: The Mississippi [email protected] and the Niger,” was held November 2002 in New Orleans. A sequel event, a traveling seminar on Lie, Rico; Wageningen University, Communication “Comparing Wetlands: The Florida Everglades and Science, Hollandseweg 1, Wageningen, 6700EW the Niger Delta,” was held April 2006 in South Netherlands. *31317482599 [email protected] Florida.

Enserink, Bert; Delft University of Technology, This paper reports on the third event in the series, a Faculty Technology, Policy and Management, traveling seminar on “Comparing Institutions: The Jaffalaan 5, Delft, 2600GA Netherlands. Tennessee Valley Authority and the Niger Delta *31153788071 [email protected] Development Commission.”

As a result of the AIDS epidemic, the social fabric in Its relevance to impact assessment and the theme the rural areas of many developing countries is of this meeting pertains to the need for proactive falling apart. The disease generates new demands and creative approaches to integrating environment on infrastructure, technology and the communication and development concerns. In the present context, information system. These impacts go beyond this implies the application of impact assessment to health issues but have to do with intergenerational comprehensive regional development planning and knowledge transfer, investment capacity and management, including institutional assessment and diminishing coping capacity. For that reason capacity development and conflict assessment and HIV/AIDS impacts should be the focus of attention management. of rural development organizations. Filmed interviews, as part of a Visual Problem Appraisal (VPA) training package can be used for problem framing, agenda setting and policy analysis. In a VPA, users meet distanced or otherwise overlooked stakeholders in a mediated way. It brings their concerns and issues to the decision makers. The VPA AIDS & Rural Development facilitates the conscious consideration of their stories, concerns and proposals and generates social learning. This

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780. (Paper) opinions to EPA or even attend the EIA examining Highway Privatization Impacts: We Can’t Get No meetings. With few members of EIA committee Satisfaction… coming from environmental protection groups, the conflicts between public awareness of sustainability Wright, James T C; Future Studies Program, and economic advancement were violently debated Fundação Instituto de Administração, University of throughout the EIA reviewing process. Nowadays São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900 Brazil. 55 11 the public is able to express their opinions with 3091 5848 Fax 55 11 3818 4021 [email protected] | many ways, oral or writing, at meetings or on http://www.fia.com.br/pro websites. How to integrate multi-phases of opinions from residents and stakeholders, and to solve the Since 1998 Brazil has implemented a major local fear and environmental impacts, is huge program of highway privatization, with specific challenge to Taiwan government. This paper will purpose private companies operating 12 major look over the role of government and developers in highways within the State of Sao Paulo. Investments public participation, and how the government of over U$2.2 billion have been made to date, and induces public demands into the EIA mechanism. road quality, traffic flows and safety indicators have improved. User satisfaction with road conditions is very high, but the high costs of toll charges give 784. (Paper) cause for complaints. Rural Landscape Information System (RuLIS)

In this study we evaluate the socio-economic impact Yamamoto, Shori; National Institute for Agro- of the project, contrasting out of pocket expenses Environmental Sciences, Japan. with direct benefits to both private car user, and freight operators to the benefits derived from Ide, Makoto; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and improved highway conditions. Also several indirect Fishery, Japan. costs and benefits or externalities are estimated, regarding accident rates, taxes levied, Ohkuro, Toshiya; University of Tokyo, Japan. environmental effects, etc. Kusumoto, Yoshinobu; National Institute for Agro- Economic effects on towns served by these Environmental Sciences, Japan. highways are compared to a control group of towns not reached by privatized roads, showing greater Biodiversity is a focus of public attention concerning economic growth, municipal tax income, job creation the global environment. The new National and personal income levels. Biodiversity Strategy of Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2002) categorized the crises facing Suggestions are made as to improving information biodiversity in Japan into three types: increase of and distribution of the positive impacts and human activities, decrease of human activities, and mitigating the negative effects of the road operation new problems such as alien species and chemical privatization through improved contract use. Each crisis is very closely associated with requirements in future concession agreements. agriculture, because many wildlife species in Japan depend on semi-natural ecosystems developed and maintained by agriculture and rural human life. To 463. (Paper) conserve biodiversity in Japan, we need Public Participation in Taiwan EIA comprehensive approaches to understand relationships between biodiversity and agriculture or Wu, Hsiao-Tien; Taiwan EPA, 41, Sec. 1,Chung- rural human life. For this purpose, we developed the Hwa Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100. 886-2-23117722 Rural Landscape Information System (RuLIS) at Fax 886-2-23312958 [email protected] NIAES to survey and analyze biodiversity in rural areas comprehensively. RuLIS is a practical Sun, Wei-Chien; Taiwan EPA, 41, Sec. 1,Chung- application of utilization of natural resources Hwa Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100. 886-2-23117722 inventory, which provides various kinds of Fax 886-2-23312958 [email protected] attributions of the ecosystem. RuLIS can identify the management situation of land and its state and Chang, Tung-Wan; Taiwan EPA, 41, Sec. 1,Chung- background of the biota in the agro-ecosystem. Hwa Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100. 886-2-23117722 Prediction of the biota accompanying environmental Fax 886-2-23312958 [email protected] change is also attained. The outline and its example with RuLIS will be introduced. Since the Environmental Impact Assessment act was established in 1994 in Taiwan, more and more people and environmental protection groups have 257. (Paper) asked for involvement in decision-making of The Future of Korean Dam Construction and developing project. To respond to those SEA requirements, Taiwan EPA (Environmental Protection Administration) had set up several ways Yee, Jeong Min; Korea Water Resources that allow individuals or groups to be aware of the Corporation, 560 Sintanjin-ro, Daejeon metropolitan nearby project; thereby they can submit their city, Daeduk-gu 306-711 Korea. +82-42-629-3572

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Fax +82-42-629-3599 [email protected] | reclamation project on wetlands called http://www.kwater.or.kr Saemangeum (401 km2 ) is being performed by governmental entities. Kim, Cheol Jin; Korea Water Resources Corporation, 560 Sintanjin-ro, Daejeon metropolitan city, 306-711 Impacts on marine environment in the process of Korea. +82-42-629-3571 [email protected] reclamation have not been fully tackled because of the technical difficulty in assessing the impacts as Moon, Pil Joong; Korea Water Resources well as social negligence about marine impacts. Corporation, 560 Sintanjin-ro, Daejeon metropolitan One of the impacts is coastal erosion or city, 306-711 Korea. +82-42-629-3570 accumulation in undesirable areas, such as sand [email protected] beaches or small piers in vicinities, mainly caused by the longest embankment in the world (with length Lee, Sung Woo; Korea Water Resources of 33 km). Corporation, 560 Sintanjin-ro, Daejeon metropolitan city, Korea. +82-54-850-4202 [email protected] Degradation of marine water quality by pollutants from the inside of the embankment became one of The Korean peninsula faces the typical the issues to be addressed. Marine sand extraction characteristics of East Asian monsoon in that to fill up the inside area of the embankment will lead seventy percent of annual precipitation falls in to the loss of beaches, fisheries, and habitats. summer. As a result, there has been great demand for dam construction to control floods and to store Even though recommendations were made to water for the dry season. Fifteen multi-purpose mitigate adverse impacts from the project in the EIA dams have been constructed since the 1970s, process, estimated impacts did not seem to supplying 10.8 billion tons of water per year. decrease. The current EIA system in Korea has not enough authorities to cancel or downsize the However, the public's concern that dam construction projects considering marine environments. brings inevitable negative impact has been growing, with construction of a few multi-purpose dams cancelled or suspended for years by opposition 636. (Paper) groups including NGOs and residents in the vicinity The Environmental Evaluation Method of of dam sites, despite the need for greater water Coastal Land Reclamation: Case Study of Korea storage capacity. Yoon, Sung-Soon; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4 In December 2004, the Ministry of Construction and Bangbae-dong, Seoul, 137-851 Korea. 82-2-2105- Transportation (MOCT) enacted an internal SEA 2771 [email protected] directive to reform this situaton, and SEA for long term planning of national dam construction began in Yoon, Jin-Sook; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4 December 2005, with the aim of achieving ESSD Bangbae-dong, Seoul, 137-851 Korea. 82-2-2105- and socially friendly elements in dam construction 2752 jsyoon@@kmi.re.kr plans. Shin, Chul-Oh; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4 This study deals with issues including the SEA Bangbae-dong, Seoul, 137-851 Korea. 82-2-2105- methodology implemented in long term dam 2819 [email protected] construction planning and the systematic approach of alternatives comparison, mitigation measures and Jeoung, Myung-Gook; Korea Maritime Institute, participation of stake holders, and concludes with 1027-4 Bangbae-dong, Seoul, 137-851 Korea. 82-2- the future direction to improve the SEA of dam 2105-2766 [email protected] planning. The importance of the maritime sector in Korea is increasingly recognized in recent days. As the 673. (Paper) country enters the new ocean era, strategic planning Marine and Social Impacts by Large-Scale and decision making is an essential part of coastal Reclamation of Coastal Wetlands in Korea area management, and evaluating environmental impacts of a public project becomes an major part of Yook, Keunhyung; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4, environmental management. This paper attempts to Bangbae3-dong, Seoul, 137-851 Korea. 82-2-2105- address Korea’s coastal land reclamation policies 2757 Fax 82-2-2105-2779 [email protected] and the strategic socio-environmental evaluation method. The criteria used for the evaluation of Nam, Jungho; Korea Maritime Institute, 1027-4, coastal land reclamation relate specifically to Bangbae3-dong, Seoul, 137-851 Korea. 82-2-2105- Korea's environmental needs and state, and those 2772 Fax 82-2-2105-2779 [email protected] criteria are weighted according to their relative importance as perceived by the marine specialists. 2 As of the year 2004, 787 km of coastal wetlands were reclaimed to secure agricultural and industrial In this article, a wide range of evaluation criteria lands during last four decades. Despite social from marine research professionals and evaluation opposition to the reclamation, the largest scale is viewpointed. To structure and quantify the criteria

147 - IAIA07 Abstracts Volume - on the coastal land reclamation, authors elicited Ha, Sung-Ryong; Chungbuk National University, 12 major objectives, then structured them into a Keshin-Dong Heungduk-Gu, CheongJu, Chungbuk hierarchy. The method and evaluation procedures 361-763 Korea. 043-27 [email protected] can be understood and applied by practitioners and decision makers of marine policy since it follows Jung, Dong-Il; NIER, Environmental Research naturally the standard practice of evaluating and Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon, 404- relative comparisons of performance using 708 Korea. 032-560-7500 [email protected] evaluation process. Hwang, Jong-Yeon; NIER, Environmental Research Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon, Korea. 611. (Paper) 032-560-7290 [email protected] Establishing a Conservation Area by Habitat and Landscape Matrix Analysis Chae, Min-Hi; NIER, 373-1, Dongdae-Ri, Anne- myeon, Okcheon, Korea. 019-423-6176 Yoon, Eun Joo; Dept. of Landscape Architecture [email protected] and Rural System Engineering, Seoul National University, #200 Room 9205, San 56-1, Shillimdong, Water quality in the Daecheong reservoir has Gwanakgu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-880-4885 Fax 82-2- deteriorated by algal bloom due to nutrient supply 875-2276 [email protected] from the upstream of the Daecheong reservoir after heavy rainfall. Algal bloom is propagated from Lee, Dong Kun; Dept. of Landscape Architecture eutrophicated tributary into the main body of the and Rural System Engineering, Seoul National reservoir according to the hydrological conditions. University, #200 Room 9217, San 56-1, Shillimdong, This study is aimed to estimate the water current Gwanakgu, Seoul, Korea. 82-2-880-4875 Fax 82-2- and temperature effect by the simulation of dam spill 875-2276 [email protected] flow control using water quality model, CE-QUAL- W2 in 2003. Water current resulted in nutrient Biodiversity is an essential factor in achieving transport from upstream of main reservoir and sustainable development, and for this purpose nutrients were delivered to downstream by fast conservation planning is being studied now. While a water velocity. Algal blooms occurred in stagnate Focal Species Planning and Conservation Value zone of reservoir downstream as the current of Assessment of Landscape Matrix are the downstream was retarded according to dam outflow representatives of them, they are supporting each control. Consequently, water balance in stagnate other in promoting the biodiversity. Thus, this study zone triggered a rise of water temperature in is going to propose an effective conservation summer. It affected algal bloom in the embayment planning by combinating this two methodology. of the reservoir. The simulation result by outflow control scenarios showed that spill flow In this study, first we found habitat suitabaility area augmentation induced in water body instability of among the forest edge of Seong Nam which has stagnate zone so that water temperature declined. It established species data by using target species could be suggested that outflow control minimize and 7 environmental factors. The selected habitat algal bloom in the downstream in the flooding suitability area was evaluated in the aspect of season as long as water elevation level is "Representation" and "Completeness," and verified maintained properly. whether it can be beneficial to other species within same biological guild, and then the result was applied to a great extent of ecoregion. Second, to 615. (Poster) protect the forest's interior species and identify The Solutions for Aesthetic Water Qualtiy forest patches that can function as an ecological Improvement of Drinking Water in Korea network, we performed landscape matrix analysis and connecitvity evaluation within the ecoregion. Yu, Soon-Ju; NIER, Environmental Research Finally, we suggested ideal conservation planning Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon, Korea. by combinating aforementioned two conservation 032-560-7158 [email protected] areas. Compared to previous conservation methodologies such as DGN (Degree of Green Kim, Jun-Hwan; NIER, Environmental Research Naturality) and Ecological Naturalness, proposed Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon, Korea. conservation areas indicate distinctive features. 032-560-7150 [email protected]

Park, Su-Jeong; NIER, Environmental Research 612. (Paper) Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon, South The Effect of Current and Temperature of a Africa. 032-560-7160 [email protected] Reservoir by the Simulation of Dam Outflow Chung, Il-rok; NIER, Environmental Research Yu, Soon-Ju; NIER, Environmental Research Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon, Korea. Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon, 404- 032-560-7100 [email protected] 708 Korea. 032-560-7158 [email protected]

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Ahn, Kyung-Hee; NIER, Environmental Research Beijing, 100012 P. R. China. +86 10 5109 5493 Fax Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon, Korea. +86 10 5109 5482 [email protected] 032-560-7159 [email protected] Amiri, Bahman Jabbarian; Hiroshima University, Lee, Yeon-Hee; NIER, Environmental Research Graduate School of BiosphereScience, 7 - 1 Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon, Korea. Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 032-560-7154 [email protected] Japan. +81 82 424 6510 [email protected]

The investigation considers a water quality Ravdan, Myagmar; The Energy Regulatory Authority, improvement plan that will include water treatment University Street 2a, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. +976 process, distribution and supply system. Based on 11 319357 [email protected] the results from the investigation of water quality, we present the following the solutions to reduce the Navida, Criste Z.; Environmental and Social aesthetic unpleasant taste and odor to tap water. Services Office, Department of Public Works and Highways (ESSO-DPWH), 5th floor, Bonifacio Drive, The range of Langelier Index was -1~ -3 indicating Port Area, Manila, Philippines. +632 304 3525 Fax the medium and strong corrosiveness. Furthermore, +632 3043415 [email protected] LSI decreased due to alkalinity decrease after the coagulation process. The minus value was De Silva, Kanthi; Central Environmental Authority, increased during summer showing the strong No. 104, Dencil Kobbekaduwa Mawatha, corrosiveness. We propose an amendment of Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. +94 11 2876643 Ca(OH)2(liquid) and corrosiveness inhibitor that [email protected] should be applied to increase alkalinity and input of corrosiveness inhibitor by using alkaline agent to Attanayake, Nilmini Kumari; Central Environmental reduce corrosiveness of tap water in water Authority, No. 104, Dencil Kobbekaduwa Mawatha, treatment processes. In order to reduce unpleasant Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. +94 2872296 odor of tap water caused by residual chlorine, we [email protected] propose rectifying the present residual chlorine level of 0.2 mg/L to a new standard of 0.1 mg/L in tap Nam, Le Hoai; Ministry of Natural Resources and water. We also propose application of "on-site Environment, Department of Environmental Impact chlorine generator“ to decrease corrosion of pipe Assessment and Appraisal, 83 Nguyen Chi Thanh and supply re-input chlorine in water reservoir to Street, Ding Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam. +84 4 produce a low of situ-chlorine product. 7736194 Fax +84 4 7734918 [email protected]

627. (Paper) Van, Pham Thi Mai; Ministry of Natural Resources Current Status of Public Participation in the EIA and Environment, Department of Environmental Process in China Impact Assessment and Appraisal, 83 Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Ding Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam. +84 Zhao, Xinfeng; Appraisal Center for Environment 4 773 4918 Fax +84 4 835 9221 and Engineering, No.8 Da Yang Fang, An Wai, [email protected] Beijing, 100012 China. 0086 10 51095493 Fax 0086 10 51095482 [email protected] The purpose of the paper is to discuss examples of success stories and challenges related to The paper will address the following points: experiences from introducing changes and improvements of the EIA/SEA systems in different 1) The legal framework regarding public countries in Asia. The presenters will be 5 - 10 participation in China EIA/SEA professionals from 3 - 6 Asian countries who have all participated in a 5-week Advanced 2) The specific requirements on public International Training Programme in Sweden during participation in the process of EIA 1998 - 2006. The Training Programmes were arranged by Ramboll Natura and financed by the 3) Current practicies Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). A majority of the presenters are 4) Problems, including those that the other decision-makers and specialists in environmental Asian countries are facing or will face, and authorities and environmental organizations, and/or possible solutions planners and managers in environmental divisions within central or local authorities, and sector ministries or organizations. As part of the Training 448. (Paper) Programme each participant developed a "change SEA Trends in Asia - A Summary of Experiences project," aiming at improving the EIA/SEA system from Six Asian Countries (China, Iran, Mongolia, within their respective countries and/or Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam) organizations. Prior to the Conference they will meet in a Follow-up Workshop in Vietnam. One of the Zhao, Xinfeng; Appraisal Center for Environment objectives of the Follow-up Workshop is to and Engineering (ACEE), No. 8 Dayangfang, Anwei, exchange experience between the participants from

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Asia related to the participants' "change projects" 378. (Paper) and institutional change processes in general. The Making EA Work for Sustainable Development: Workshop will also deal with, e.g., creative ways to A Synthesis of Experiences from Seven network to facilitate improvements. Countries in Asia (China, India, Jordan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Nepal and the Philippines)

575. (Paper) Zhu, Chenyan; Harbin Environmental Protection Keystones and Outlines on Appraisal of EIA on Bureau, No. 1 Shij Dadao Street, Harbin, Heilongji Petroleum-Refinery and Ethylene Industrial China. +86 451 13101667451 Fax +86 Proposed Projects 45186772252 [email protected]

Zheng, Shaoqing; Appraisal Center for Environment Labhasetwar, Pawan Kumar; The National and Engineering, SEPA, No.8 Dayangfang, Anwai, Environmental Engineering Research Inst. (NEERI), Beijing, 100012 China. 86-10-84923872 Fax 86-10- EIRA Division, Nagpur, 440 020 India. +91 712 84934953 [email protected] 2247844 Fax +91 712 2249896 [email protected] The paper describes the situation and problems of petroleum-refinery and ethylene industry in China Salah, Nuha; Housing and Urban Development today. Combining with the experiences on appraisal Corp., P. O. Box 2110, Amman, 11181 Jordan. +962 of EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) on 65538228 Fax +962 65538226 [email protected] petrochemical industrial proposed projects, it points out the keystones and outlines of what should be Sayyalath, Ekvinay; Khammouane Institue of stressed and held on EIA under existing investment Development, Economy and Environment, 007/01 system in China, and shows pollution prevention Kouvoravong, St. Suntisouk Vil., Lao People's technology and cleaning-production technology of Democratic Republic. +856 51 213993 petrochemical industrial in instances. Also, it brings [email protected] out the tasks, which should be more enhanced on petrochemical industry in the future. Swee Lian, Khew; Engineering Services Division, Ministry of Health, Level 4 Block E 6, Putrajaya, 60000 Malaysia. +60 3 78805424 Fax +60 3 214. (Paper) 78032977 [email protected] Ecological Function Districts and Eco- Construction in River Corridor in the Middle and Burlakota, Gokul Prasad; Government of Nepal, Lower Reaches of Tarim River National Planning Commission Secretariat, Singh Durbar, Kathmandu. +977 1 4211185 Fax +977 1 Zhou, Huarong; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and 421186 [email protected] Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 40-3 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011 China. Fajardo, Belinda; Environmental and Social 86-991-7885445 Fax 86-991-7885320 Services Office, Department of Public Works and [email protected] Highways (ESSO-DPWH), 5th Floor, Bonifacio Drive, Port Area, Manila, Philippines. +63 5 3043287 Fax Xiao, Duning; Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, +63 2 3043415 [email protected] Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016 China. Lacdan, Natividad F.; Biology Dept., College of Arts 86-024-24193958 [email protected] & Sciences, University of the Philippines, Padre Faura, Ermita, Manila, Philippines. +63 2 526 938 The middle and lower reaches of Tarim River are an 5861 Fax +63 2 526 5861 [email protected] important area of eco-construction in the arid region in the west of China. Taking rivers (corridors) as the The purpose of the paper is to show and discuss study subject, the principles, standards and experiences in different Asian countries from methodologies of eco-function regionalization are introducing changes and improvements of the discussed in this paper, using landscape ecology EIA/SEA systems. The presenters will be 5 - 10 theory and methods. Asian participants in the EIA and SEA Alumni Follow-up Workshop, to be held in Hanoi, Vietnam, Based on the above discussion, analyzing the basic May 28 - June 2, 2007. The presenters have features of the ecological environment in the middle previously participated in one of the 5-week and lower reaches of Tarim River, the division International Training Programme arranged in principle for landscape ecological function in river Sweden by Ramboll Natura and financed by the corridor were presented, 3 eco -functional regions Swedish International Development Cooperation were divided, and the ecological protection and Agency. The majority of the presenters are decision- construction emphasis, target and measures of each makers and specialists in environmental authorities ecological region were also recommended. and environmental organizations, as well as planners and managers in environmental divisions within central or local authorities, and sector ministries or organizations. As part of the International Training Programme each participant developed a "change project." One of the objectives

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