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Acknowledgements Acknowledgments This monograph was developed by the National Cancer Institute under the general direction of Stephen E. Marcus, Monograph Series Editor, and Senior Scientifi c Editor Gary E. Swan, along with Scientifi c Editors Timothy B. Baker, Laurie Chassin, David V. Conti, Caryn Lerman, and Kenneth A. Perkins. Monograph Series Editor David V. Conti, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Stephen E. Marcus, Ph.D. Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute Epidemiologist Keck School of Medicine Tobacco Control Research Branch, Department of Preventive Medicine Behavioral Research Program Division of Biostatistics Division of Cancer Control and Population University of Southern California Sciences Los Angeles, CA National Cancer Institute Caryn Lerman, Ph.D. National Institutes of Health Mary W. Calkins Professor Bethesda, MD Department of Psychiatry and Annenberg Public Policy Center Senior Scientifi c Editor Deputy Director, Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania Gary E. Swan, Ph.D. Philadelphia, PA Director Kenneth A. Perkins, Ph.D. Center for Health Sciences Professor of Psychiatry SRI International University of Pittsburgh Menlo Park, CA Pittsburgh, PA Scientifi c Editors Authors Timothy B. Baker, Ph.D. Janet Audrain-McGovern, Ph.D. Professor Associate Professor Center for Tobacco Research & Intervention Department of Psychiatry Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Public Health Philadelphia, PA University of Wisconsin Madison, WI Erik Augustson, Ph.D., M.P.H. Tobacco Control Research Branch Laurie Chassin, Ph.D. Behavioral Research Program Regents Professor of Psychology National Cancer Institute Department of Psychology Rockville, MD Arizona State University Tempe, AZ xv Acknowledgments Timothy B. Baker, Ph.D. David V. Conti, Ph.D. Professor Assistant Professor Center for Tobacco Research & Intervention Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute Department of Medicine Keck School of Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Preventive Medicine University of Wisconsin Division of Biostatistics Madison, WI University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA Andrew W. Bergen, Ph.D. Director, Molecular Genetics Program Patrick J. Curran, Ph.D. Center for Health Sciences Professor SRI International Department of Psychology Menlo Park, CA The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Neal L. Benowitz, Ph.D. Chapel Hill, NC Professor of Medicine, Psychiatry and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Stephen E. Gilman, Sc.D. Chief, Clinical Pharmacology Assistant Professor University of California, San Francisco Department of Society, Human San Francisco, CA Development, and Health Department of Epidemiology Laura Jean Bierut, M.D. Harvard School of Public Health Professor of Psychiatry Boston, MA Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO Thomas J. Gould, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Psychology Avshalom Caspi, Ph.D. Center for Substance Abuse Research Professor Director of the Brain, Behavior, and Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience Cognition Area of Psychology and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, and Temple University Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy Philadelphia, PA Duke University Durham, NC Kristina M. Jackson, Ph.D. and Associate Professor (Research) Social, Genetic, and Developmental Department of Community Health Psychiatry Research Centre Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies Institute of Psychiatry Brown University King’s College London Providence, RI England Jaakko Kaprio, M.D., Ph.D. Laurie Chassin, Ph.D. Department of Public Health Regents Professor of Psychology Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychology University of Helsinki Arizona State University and Tempe, AZ Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research National Public Health INsttute Helsinki, Finland xvi Monograph 20. Phenotypes and Endophenotypes Caryn Lerman, Ph.D. Joel T. Nigg, Ph.D. Professor Professor Department of Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania Oregon Health & Sciences University Tobacco Use Research Centers Portland, OR Philadelphia, PA Kenneth A. Perkins, Ph.D. Christina N. Lessov-Schlaggar, Ph.D. Professor of Psychiatry Genetic Epidemiologist University of Pittsburgh SRI International Pittsburgh, PA Menlo Park, CA Clark C. Presson, Ph.D. Juan Pablo Lewinger, Ph.D. Professor Assistant Professor Department of Psychology Department of Preventive Medicine Arizona State University University of Southern California Tempe, AZ Los Angeles, CA Richard Rende, Ph.D. Hermine H. Maes, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Associate Professor Human Behavior Department of Human and Molecular The Warren Alpert Medical School of Genetics and Massey Cancer Center Brown University Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Research Psychologist Behavioral Genetics Transdisciplinary Research Group Virginia Commonwealth University Butler Hospital Richmond, VA Providence, RI Terrie E. Moffi tt, Ph.D. Scott W. Rogers, Ph.D. Professor Professor Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience Neurobiology & Anatomy and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, and University of Utah Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy Salt Lake City, UT Duke University Richard J. Rose, Ph.D. Durham, NC Professor Emeritus and Department of Psychological and Brain Social, Genetic, and Developmental Sciences Psychiatry Research Centre Indiana University Institute of Psychiatry Bloomington, IN King’s College London England Kenneth J. Sher, Ph.D. Curators’ Professor of Psychological Michael C. Neale, Ph.D. Sciences Professor University of Missouri-Columbia Departments of Psychiatry and Columbia, MO Human Genetics Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Steven J. Sherman, Ph.D. Behavioral Genetics Professor Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Psychological and Richmond, VA Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington, IN xvii Acknowledgments Alexandra E. Shields, Ph.D. R. J. Wirth, Ph.D. Director Statistician Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, FPG Child Development Institute Vulnerable Populations & Health The University of North Carolina at Disparities Chapel Hill Boston, MA Chapel Hill, NC Cheryl Slomkowski, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Reviewers Psychiatry and Human Behavior Brown University Medical School Rebecca Ashare Providence, RI Doctoral Candidate Department of Psychology Gary E. Swan, Ph.D. University at Buffao, SUNY Director Buffalo, NY Center for Health Sciences SRI International David Balfour, Ph.D. Menlo Park, CA Professor of Behavioural Pharmacology Psychiatry Sectrion, Centre for Paul D. Thomas, Ph.D. Neuroscience Evolutionary Systems Biology Group College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing Artificial Intelligence Center University of Dundee SRI International Dundee, United Kingdom Menlo Park, CA Neal L. Benowitz, Ph.D. Rachel F. Tyndale, M.Sc., Ph.D. Professor of Medicine, Psychiatry and Canada Research Chair in Pharmacogenetics Biopharmaceutical Sciences Section Head Pharmacogenetics Chief, Clinical Pharmacology Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of California, San Francisco Professor San Francisco, CA Department of Pharmacology University of Toronto Lisa Bero, Ph.D. Toronto, Ontario, Canada Professor Department of Clinical Pharmacy Michael Vanyukov, Ph.D. School of Pharmacy and Institute for Health Associate Professor Policy Studies Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine Human Genetics, and Psychiatry University of California, San Francisco University of Pittsburgh San Francisco, CA Pittsburgh, PA Daniel M. Bolt, Ph.D. Kay Wanke, Ph.D., M.P.H. Professor Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences School of Education Research Department of Educational Psychology Office of the Director University of Wisconsin National Institutes of Health Madison, WI Bethesda, MD Dorret Boomsma, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Biological Psychology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands xviii Monograph 20. Phenotypes and Endophenotypes Naomi Breslau, Ph.D. David J. Drobes, Ph.D. Professor Professor, Oncologic Sciences & Psychology Department of Epidemiology University of South Florida Michigan State University Senior Member, Tobacco Research and East Lansing, MI Intervention Program Moffitt Cancer Center Nilanjan Chatterjee, Ph.D. Tampa, FL Senior Investigator Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Phyllis Ellickson, Ph.D. Genetics Senior Behavioral Scientist National Cancer Institute RAND Rockville, MD Santa Monica, CA Ralph J. Coates, Ph.D. Stanton Glantz, Ph.D. Associate Director for Science Professor of Medicine National Center for Public Health Genomics American Legacy Foundation Distinguished Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Professor in Tobacco Control Atlanta, GA Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology Kevin P. Conway, Ph.D. University of California, San Francisco Deputy Director San Francisco, CA Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research George J. Hammons, Ph.D. National Institute on Drug Abuse Professor and Chair Bethesda, MD Department of Chemistry Philander Smith College K. Michael Cummings, Ph.D, M.P.H. Little Rock, AR Department of Health Behavior Division of Cancer Prevention and Larry W. Hawk, Ph.D. Population Sciences Associate Professor Roswell Park Cancer Institute Department of Psychology Buffalo, NY The University of Buffalo, SUNY Buffalo, NY Lisa C. Dierker, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology Kenneth S. Kendler, M.D. Department of Psychology Director Wesleyan University Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Middletown, CT Behavioral Genetics Rachel Brown Banks Distinguished Joseph DiFranza, M.D. Professor of Psychiatry Professor
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