July 16, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7681 ‘‘The Cubist Cockatoo: Preliminary Explo- and President Gerald R. Ford turned 88 Staff to President Ford and Secretary of De- ration of Joseph Cornell’s Hommages to on July 14. A birthday tribute to our fense in the first Bush administration. Juan Gris,’’ Philadelphia Museum of Art 38th President was written by White On May 21st, at the John F. Kennedy Li- Bulletin, June 1978. brary and Museum in Boston, Mass., Mr. ‘‘The Fist of Boccioni meets Miss FlicFlic House correspondent Trude B. Feldman Ford was the recipient of the John F. Ken- ChiapChiap,’’ Art News, November 1980. for Syndicate; and nedy . Presented by Introductory essay to exhibition catalogue it includes reflections by former Presi- the former President’s daughter, Caroline, for Futurism and the International Avant- dents and Ronald and his brother, Senator Edward M. Kennedy Garde (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1980). Reagan, given to Ms. Feldman for Ger- (D-Mass.), the award cites President Ford’s ‘‘We have eyes as well as ears,’’ essay for ald Ford’s 80th birthday. I ask unani- courage in making the controversial decision publication accompanying exhibition ‘‘John mous consent that the article be print- of conscience to former President Cage: Scores and Prints’’, 1982. Richard M. Nixon. ed in the RECORD. ‘‘Duchamp, 1911–1915,’’ in the exhibition Twenty seven years ago on August 9, 1974, catalogue Marcel Duchamp (Tokyo, The President Ford was a healing force at Richard Nixon resigned the presidency of the Seibu Museum of Art). Reprinted as ‘‘Before a time of much greater political up- U.S. and Vice President Ford became the the Glass: Reflections on Marcel Duchamp heaval than we have today. The lessons 38th president. A month later (September 8), before 1915’’ in the exhibition catalogue to us today are that: disagreements President Ford granted a ‘‘full, free and ab- Duchamp (Barcelona: Fundacio Joan Miro, should not become divisive; and polit- solute pardon’’ to Nixon ‘‘for all offenses 1984). ical revenge is a vicious cycle without against the U.S. which he . . . has com- Preface to ‘‘Marcel Duchamp, Notes’’, ar- winners. mitted or may have committed or taken part ranged and translated by Paul Matisse (Bos- Most important, as President Ford in’’ while he was president. ton: G. K. Hall & Company, 1983). Today, Mr. Ford concedes that he did not Preface to ‘‘Marcel Duchamp, Manual of reiterates in this interview, is that expect such a ‘‘hostile’’ reaction. ‘‘That was Instructions for Etant Donne´s ...’’ (Phila- ‘‘truth is the glue that holds govern- one of the greatest disappointments of my delphia Museum of Art, 1987). ment together—not only our govern- presidency,’’ he told me. ‘‘Everyone focused ‘‘Paying Attention,’’ in the exhibition ment, but civilization itself.’’ on the individual instead of on the problems catalogue Rolywholyover/A Circus/John Cage He tells Ms. Feldman, who has also the nation faced. I thought people would con- (Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, written numerous articles on Mr. Ford sider Richard Nixon’s resignation sufficient 1983). and his family for McCall’s Magazine, punishment, even shame. I expected more that his main ambition was to become forgiveness.’’ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF ROGER W. SANT In accepting the Profile In Courage Award, Speaker of the House of Representa- Mr. Sant is Chairman of the Board of the Mr. Ford told members of the Kennedy fam- AES Corporation, which he co-founded in tives ‘‘because the legislative process ily and some 250 guests: ‘‘No doubt, argu- 1981. AES is a leading global power company interested me and was the kind of chal- ments over the Nixon pardon will continue comprised of competitive generation, dis- lenge I enjoyed . . .’’ for as long as historians relive those tumul- tribution and retail supply businesses in 27 concluded this inter- tuous days. But I’d be less than human if I countries. The company’s generating assets view—which I recommend to my col- didn’t tell you how profoundly grateful I am include interests in one hundred and sixty- leagues and our staff—with his beliefs for this recognition. The Award Committee six facilities totaling over 58 gigawatts of ca- that during his 29 months as President, has displayed its own brand of courage . . . pacity. AES’s electricity distribution net- But here, courage is contagious. he had steered the U.S. out of a period ‘‘To know John Kennedy, as I did, was to work has over 920,000 km of conductor and of turmoil, making it possible to move associated rights of way and sells over 126,000 understand the true meaning of the word. He gigawatt hours per year to over 17 million from despair to a renewed national understood that courage is not something to end-use customers. In addition, through its unity of purpose and progress. ‘‘I also be gauged in a poll or located in a focus various retail electricity supply businesses, reestablished a working relationship group. No adviser can spin it. No historian the company sells electricity to over 154,000 between the White House and Congress, can back date it. For, in the age old contest end-use customers. AES is dedicated to pro- one that had been ruptured,’’ he notes. between popularity and principle, only those viding electricity worldwide in a socially re- ‘‘All that made an important dif- willing to lose for their convictions are de- serving of posterity’s approval.’’ sponsible way. ference. I consider that to be my great- Mr. Sant chairs the Board of The Summit Caroline Kennedy Schlossberg said the Foundation, and is a Board Member of Mar- est accomplishment as President.’’ award was inspired by her father’s Pulitzer riott International, WWF-International, Re- There being no objection, the mate- Prize winning book, Profiles In Courage sources for the Future, The Energy Founda- rial was ordered to be printed in the (first published in 1955 by Harper & Row) and tion, and The National Symphony. He re- RECORD, as follows: was ‘‘instituted to celebrate his life and be- cently stepped down as Chairman of the [From the New York Times] lief that political courage must be valued and honored. And that Gerald Ford had World Wildlife Fund-US after six years in GERALD R. FORD AT 88: A BIRTHDAY TRIBUTE that capacity and now serves on the Na- proved that politics can be a noble profes- (By Trude B. Feldman) tional Council. sion. . . .’’ Prior to funding AES, Mr. Sant was Direc- On July 14, Gerald R. Ford will celebrate Sen. Kennedy said President Ford had tor of the Mellon Institute’s Energy Produc- his 88th birthday. Having fully recovered ‘‘withstood the heat of controversy and per- tivity Center. During this period he became from a stroke last August, the former presi- severed in his beliefs about what was in our widely known as the author of ‘‘The Least dent says he is now in excellent health— country’s best interest. History has proved Cost Energy Strategy’’—where it was shown alert, active and keeping up with world af- him right. that the cost of conserving energy is usually fairs. ‘‘At a time of national turmoil, our nation much less than producing more fuel. Asked—in a birthday interview—how he was fortunate that he was prepared to take Mr. Sant earlier served as a political ap- feels about turning 88, he says: ‘‘Age doesn’t over the helm of the storm-tossed ship of pointee in the Ford administration and was bother me. I’m not as mobile as I was 25 state. He recognized that the nation had to a key participant in developing early initia- years ago, but I feel fortunate to still have get on with its business and could not, if tives to fashion an energy policy in the US. my zest for life. I have more enthusiasm now there was a continuing effort to prosecute Before entering government service, he was because of the care I take of myself. I follow former President Nixon. So President Ford active in the management or founding of sev- a good diet, I don’t smoke or drink, and I made a tough decision and pardoned him. eral businesses, and taught corporate finance keep busy.’’ ‘‘I was one of those who spoke out against at the Stanford University Graduate School In association with the American Enter- his action. But time has a way of clarifying of Business. He received a B.S. from Brigham prise Institute, one of Washington, D.C.’s things, and now we see that President Ford Young University and an MBA with Distinc- leading think tanks, Mr. Ford established— was right.’’ tion from the Harvard Graduate School of in 1982—the AEI World Forum which he hosts General Alexander M. Haig Jr., Mr. Nixon’s Business Administration. annually in Beaver Creek, Colorado. White House Chief of Staff, concurs. ‘‘The He is a co-author ‘‘Creating Abundance— The forum is a gathering of former and passage of time has once again favored the America’s Least-Cost Energy Strategy’’ by current international world leaders, business truth and Gerald Ford has rightfully McGraw Hill and numerous articles and pub- and financial executives and government of- emerged as one of our nation’s most coura- lications on energy conservation. ficials who discuss political and economic geous leaders,’’ he told me in an interview, issues. adding: f This year—in late June—the participants ‘‘Despite the risks, President Ford per- BIRTHDAY TRIBUTE TO included Valery Giscard d’Estaing, former formed a singular and selfless act of courage. PRESIDENT GERALD R. FORD President of France; former Vice President Almost 30 years have passed since ‘‘Water- and Premier of the Republic of China, Chan gate’’ and the scurrilous accusation that Mr. LUGAR. Madam President, Lien; and Richard Cheney, Vice President of then Vice President Ford had made or con- former Congressman, Vice President the , who was a former Chief of sidered a secret deal with President Nixon— S7682 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 2001 through me—which traded the presidency of ‘‘Well, I wish I were a better public speak- Despite that election, former Presidents the U.S. for the . er,’’ he allows. ‘‘I would have liked to be able Ford and Carter are close friends and co- Gen. Haig, also one of Ronald Reagan’s to communicate more effectively. That is so sponsors of various conferences on world af- Secretaries of State, went on to say that the very important.’’ fairs at the Carter Center in Atlanta. And, source of this accusation came from individ- He also regrets not having fulfilled his am- on the occasion of Gerald Ford’s 88th birth- uals who claimed to be acting in the best in- bition of becoming Speaker of the House of day, today reflects: terests of President Ford, but, that, actu- Representatives. ‘‘I lost five times,’’ he la- ‘‘The recent Profile In Courage Award and ally, it was well recognized at the time that ments. ‘‘There were not, then, enough Re- the Presidential Medal of Freedom are long the politics surrounding ‘‘Watergate’’ would publicans in the House. I wanted to be overdue recognition of Gerald Ford’s impor- lead to either the impeachment or the res- Speaker because the legislative process in- tance to our nation. He was a strong leader ignation of President Nixon. terested me, and was the kind of challenge I during a time of great challenge, and his just ‘‘Those who fed the rumors of a deal were enjoyed. I was never as enthusiastic about and noble decisions may well have cost him actually damaging the reputation, if not the being in the executive branch. I even turned the election. In the years since then, he and judgment, of our nation’s first non-elected down the chance to run for governor of I have worked together on a number of president,’’ General Haig recalls. ‘‘Having Michigan.’’ issues. Each time we do so, I am reminded personally informed Vice President Ford of In fact, he had made plans to retire from anew of our country’s good fortune to have President Nixon’s intention to resign, I knew Congress in January, 1977. But in 1973, Vice been led by a man of such principled convic- then, and now, that rumors of a deal were President Spiro T. Agnew’s legal and cam- tions. Not only do we share the special bonds wrong-headed or worse. If believed, they paign finance problems surfaced; and when of the presidency, but I am also proud to would have the consequence of belittling he was forced to resign, Rep. Ford was se- claim Gerald Ford as my friend.’’ what I have since referred to as a Cin- lected as vice president. Eight years ago, for my feature on Gerald cinnatian act of moral courage by President Two years ago at the White House, Presi- Ford’s 80th birthday, another former presi- Ford. dent William Jefferson Clinton presented dent, Ronald Reagan, who narrowly lost the ‘‘Years later, the Nixon pardon must rank Gerald Ford with the Presidential Medal of 1976 presidential nomination to him, told me: with the most courageous acts of a sitting Freedom (America’s highest civilian award) ‘‘First, I can tell Jerry that turning 80 president. President Ford, almost alone, not- for his legacy of healing and restored hope. doesn’t hurt at all. Kidding aside, Jerry is an withstanding the advice of some of his most ‘‘From his days as a student and athlete, independent thinker and down to earth. He is intimate advisors, recognized that the na- Gerald Ford was destined for leadership,’’ not impressed with his own importance. tion could not risk further prolongation of Mr. Clinton noted. ‘‘He was an outstanding That humility has stood him in good stead. the ‘Watergate’ controversy and that the player on the Michigan football team in a ‘‘He climbed to the top of his profession very effectiveness of his presidency was at segregated era, and his horror at the dis- without wavering from his principles. When stake.’’ crimination to which one of his teammates respect for government officials had begun Jack Anderson, long-time columnist for was subjected, spawned in him a life-long to wane, he was, and still is, held in high re- United Features and Washington Editor of commitment to equal rights for all people. gard.’’ Parade Magazine, remembers Gerald Ford He represents what is best in public service For that same birthday tribute, former from his days in Congress. ‘‘He was never and what is best about America. President Nixon told me that he had met pumped up with self importance,’’ Mr. An- ‘‘. . .When steady, trustworthy Gerald Representative Ford in 1949 when he was derson says. ‘‘Even after he became Presi- Ford left the White House after 895 days, sworn in to Congress. ‘‘I was then a rep- dent, I was able to telephone him, leave a America was stronger, calmer, and more con- resentative from California, and for all these message, and he would return my calls, with- fident . . . more like President Ford him- years, we remained good friends,’’ Mr. Nixon out a secretary.’’ said. ‘‘In an illustrious career, he became an Jack Anderson adds: ‘‘Even though I was self.’’ Two months later, (October 1999) in a U.S. eminent statesman, and as my vice presi- number one on Richard Nixon’s ‘enemies Capitol Rotunda ceremony, both Gerald Ford dent, he was an asset. list,’ I agreed with President Ford’s pardon and his wife, Betty, were presented with the ‘‘Because he understood members of Con- of Mr. Nixon because I had learned that he Congressional Gold Medal, Congress’s high- gress, he was able to encourage them, to ap- was then in poor psychological condition. est civilian honor. (He became the first peal to their best qualities and to unite them . . . It took great political courage to grant for the common good. He was admired for his the pardon—against public will. So President former president to be so honored during his decency and his respect for each individual’s Ford did what was best for Mr. Nixon and our lifetime, and the event marked the first time rights. And so this milestone gives me the country rather than what was best for him- a president and first lady were honored to- chance to express my gratitude to Jerry self. . . .’’ gether.) Cong. Henry A. Waxman, (D. Calif—29th Cong. Vernon J. Ehlers (R. Mich), who in- Ford for all the good he has done for our na- district), ranking Democrat on the Govern- troduced the legislation to award the med- tion . . .’’ mental Reform and Oversight Committee als, said they are a token of appreciation When Gerald Ford became president, he and on the Energy and Commerce Com- from Congress for the former First Couple’s was faced with an overwhelmingly Demo- mittee, remembers that when he first came years of sacrifice and contributions . . . cratic Congress. He recalls that he ‘‘strug- to Congress in Jan., 1975, Gerald Ford was ‘‘They are living examples of truly great gled repeatedly’’ over such issues as govern- President of the U.S. Americans. . . .’’ ment spending, presidential war powers and ‘‘At the time, I was critical of his pardon Another speaker was President Clinton, oversight of the intelligence community. He of Richard Nixon,’’ Rep. Waxman told me. who, after lauding Gerald Ford for his also advocated reducing the size and role of ‘‘But, looking back now, President Ford took achievements, turned to him and revealed: the federal government through cuts in taxes the right action for our country, and I be- ‘‘When you made your healing decision, you and spending, paperwork reduction and gov- lieve history will show him as a president made the Democrats and Liberals angry one ernment deregulation. who helped bring the country together.’’ day, and you made the Conservatives angry In foreign affairs, he recalls, his adminis- As a freshman Congressman, Gerald Ford the next day. . . . I was then a young politi- tration emphasized stronger relationships was presented with the American Political cian trying to get elected to Congress. It was with American allies, encouraged detente Science Association’s Distinguished Public easy for us to criticize you because we were with the Soviet Union, and made progress in Service Award by Ambassador Max M. caught up in the moment. You didn’t get negotiating with the Soviets on nuclear Kampelman, who today recalls Mr. Ford’s caught up in the moment . . . and you were weapons. With French President Valery Gis- rise to the top—‘‘where he well served Amer- right . . . You were right about the con- card d’Estaing, he initiated annual inter- ica at a time of crisis . . . and the ‘Profile In troversial decisions you made to keep the national economic summits of the major de- Courage’ Award is a late, but well-deserved country together and I thank you for that.’’ veloped economic nations. In the face of bit- recognition.’’ Donald H. Rumsfeld, U.S. Ambassador to ter opposition, President Ford signed the Ambassador Kampelman, currently at the NATO (1973) and one of Mr. Ford’s White Helsinki Final Act, for the first time giving Georgetown University Institute for Study House Chiefs of Staff and Defense Secretary the issue of human rights a real ‘‘bite’’ in- of Diplomacy, was the head of the American (1975–1977), who is now again Secretary of De- side the Soviet bloc, which eventually led di- delegation to the Conference on Security and fense, told me that Gerald Ford’s basic rectly to Eastern Europe throwing off the Cooperation in Europe (1980–3). human decency ‘‘helped to replenish the res- shackles of communism. His administration During our interview at Washington, D.C.’s ervoir of trust for our country and I’m de- initiated the second Sinai disengagement Willard Inter-Continental Hotel, Mr. Ford lighted that the enormous contributions he agreement, further separating Israeli and was in an expansive mood while reviewing made are being recognized.’’ Egyptian forces and reducing tensions in the his life’s journey. He evaluated his achieve- After a taste of the presidency, Mr. Ford Middle East. It also directed the final with- ments and assessed the setbacks of his time still does not hide his disappointment at los- drawal of Americans and refugees from Indo- in the Oval Office, and he reflected on the ing the 1976 election to Jimmy Carter. ‘‘As china at the end of the . highs and lows of his 53 years in political you well know,’’ Mr. Ford notes, ‘‘I tried President Ford recalls that the saddest day life. very hard to win that election. That would of his presidency was April 30, 1975, ‘‘when we What does Gerald Ford most regret as he have given me a chance to expand individual had to pull our troops out of Saigon and looks back over a long and distinguished ca- freedom from mass government, mass indus- withdraw from South Vietnam, which soon reer? try, mass labor, and mass education.’’ surrendered to the North Vietnamese.’’ July 16, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7683 Asked whether foreign affairs is more If he were able to relive his 88 years, what that by passing this legislation, we can pressing today than during his White House would he do differently? change hearts and minds as well. tenure, he says, ‘‘I don’t think it is any more ‘‘I would make no significant changes,’’ he says. ‘‘I’ve been lucky, both in my personal important than when we were faced daily f with the nuclear challenge from another su- life and professionally. Along the way I tried perpower—the Soviet Union. Those were to improve myself by learning something tense days. new in each of the jobs I held. I’ve witnessed THE VERY BAD DEBT BOXSCORE ‘‘Yes, we have problems today in Europe, more than my share of miracles . . . I’ve wit- Mr. HELMS. Madam President, at the Mideast and elsewhere. But they are no nessed the defeat of Nazi tyranny and the de- the close of business Friday, July 13, more serious than the days—with struction of hateful walls that once divided 2001, the Federal debt stood at all the challenges that then existed.’’ free men from those enslaved. Mr. Ford points out that President Nixon’s ‘‘. . . It has been a grand adventure and I $5,705,050,480,267.56, five trillion, seven skillful maneuvering in the Mideast will go have been blessed every step by a loving wife hundred five billion, fifty million, four down in the annals of great diplomacy. ‘‘In and supportive family.’’ hundred eighty thousand, two hundred foreign policy,’’ he says, ‘‘Richard Nixon is He says he will never forget one of the fam- sixty-seven dollars and fifty-six cents. unequaled by any other American president ily’s worst days in the White House . . . six One year ago, July 13, 2000, the Fed- in this century.’’ weeks after they moved in, ‘‘Betty received a eral debt stood at $5,666,740,000,000, five How was the presidency evolved since Ger- diagnosis of breast cancer,’’ he recalls. ‘‘But trillion, six hundred sixty-six billion, ald Ford left the White House 241⁄2 years ago? her courage in going public with her condi- ‘‘The office changes with each president,’’ he tion . . . and her candor about her mastec- seven hundred forty million. says. ‘‘Each occupant defines the role and his tomy increased awareness of the need of ex- Twenty-five years ago, July 13, 1976, responsibilities. In my case, I tried to make amination for early detection, saving count- the Federal debt stood at a difference in my leadership.’’ less women’s lives.’’ $617,642,000,000, six hundred seventeen He went on to say that he learned about Six years later (1980), former President and billion, six hundred forty-two million, leadership and making decisions while serv- Mrs. Ford dedicated The Diag- which reflects a debt increase of more ing as an officer in the US Navy during nostic and Comprehensive Breast Center, in than $5 trillion, $5,087,408,480,267.56, five World War II. ‘‘I think,’’ he adds, ‘‘I was a Washington, D.C. (part of Columbia Hospital trillion, eighty-seven billion, four hun- better vice president and president because for Women). The Center’s former director, of that military service.’’ Dr. Katherine Alley, a renowned breast can- dred eight million, four hundred eighty He notes that there is ‘‘a majesty’’ to the cer surgeon, says today: ‘‘As one of the first thousand, two hundred sixty-seven dol- presidency that inhibits even close friends women of note to go public with her cancer lars and fifty-six cents during the past and heads of state from telling the chief ex- diagnosis and treatment, Betty Ford helped 25 years. ecutive what is actually on their minds—es- women to face the disease more openly and pecially in the Oval Office. with less fear.’’ f ‘‘You can ask for blunt truth, but the Turning to his philosophy of life, Mr. Ford guarded response never varies,’’ he says. ‘‘To says: ‘‘I’ve always been an optimist and still ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS keep perspective, any president needs to hear am. Yes, I suffered a few disappointments straight talk. And he should, at times, come and defeats, but I tried to forget about those, down from the pedestal the office provides. and keep a positive attitude. When I was in ‘‘I’m still convinced that truth is the glue sports and lost a game by error, or in the po- TRIBUTE TO JAMES A. TURNER that holds government together—not only litical arena, when I lost by a narrow mar- our government, but civilization itself.’’ gin, no amount of groaning would do any ∑ Mr. SHELBY. Mr. President, I rise From his experiences, he cautions future good. So I don’t dwell on the past. I learned today to pay tribute to a dear friend, presidents about general abuse of power and to move on and look ahead.’’ James A. Turner of Tuscaloosa, Ala- the dangers of over-reliance on staff. At the outset of President Bill Clinton’s Much as he had yearned to be elected presi- bama. Jim Turner was a man of great first term, there was criticism of his staff dent in his own right in 1976, Gerald Ford is courage, intelligence and character. We and operation of his White House. Mr. Ford confident that history will record that he were friends for more than 40 years. I then expressed sympathy for a president un- ‘‘healed America at a very difficult time.’’ He believes that his presidential leadership believe America has lost a great pa- dergoing periods of anxiety and disarray, for 29 months had steered the U.S. out of triot with the recent death of James A. even turmoil. Turner. He noted that he, too, had problems with that period of turmoil, making it possible to staff mismanagement. Today, he is still con- move from despair to a renewed national Born in 1925, Jim grew up on a farm cerned about the image of the presidency, unity of purpose and progress. just outside of Tuscaloosa, Alabama. ‘‘I also re-established a working relation- and still concerned that a solution has not As World War II began, Jim left high ship between the White House and Congress, been found about overzealous White House school to serve his country. He enlisted one that had been ruptured,’’ he concludes. employees who are not instructed, from the ‘‘All that made an important difference. I in the Marine Corps and served with outset, that they work for the president and consider that to be my greatest accomplish- honor. Indeed, he earned and received for the people—and not the other way ment as president, and I hope historians will the Purple Heart in 1945 on Iwo Jima around. He maintains that staff assistants are not record that as my legacy.’’ when a machine gun blinded him dur- elected by the people, and that the president f ing battle. Jim returned to Alabama and in spite himself needs to determine how much trust LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ACT to invest in his aides. ‘‘Otherwise,’’ he em- of his blindness earned his under- phasizes, ‘‘the ramifications and the con- OF 2001 graduate degree in 1949. He received his sequences of their arrogance and abuse of Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Madam Presi- juris doctorate from the University of power—particularly by secondary and lower dent, I rise today to speak about hate Alabama in 1952. Jim always credited staff—can be dangerous.’’ crimes legislation I introduced with his wife and classmate, Louise, for his Mr. Ford concurs with one of President Senator KENNEDY in March of this Lyndon B. Johnson’s press secretaries, success in school. Louise read Jim’s George E. Reedy, who wrote in his book, year. The Local law Enforcement Act textbooks to him so he could keep up ‘‘The Twilight of the Presidency’’: ‘‘Presi- of 2001 would add new categories to with his studies. dents should not hire any assistants under 40 current hate crimes legislation sending Following graduation, Louise joined years old who had not suffered any major a signal that violence of any kind is Jim at their law firm, Turner and disappointments in life. When young ama- unacceptable in our society. Turner. Today, their son, Don, and teurs find themselves in the West Wing or I would like to describe a terrible their grandson, Brian, also work at East Wing of the White House, they begin to crime that occurred November 3, 1991 Turner and Turner. The family law think they are little tin gods . . .’’ In his autobiography, ‘‘A Time to Heal,’’ in Houston, TX. Phillip W. Smith was firm has spanned five decades and con- Mr. Ford wrote: ‘‘Reedy had left the White shot to death outside a gay bar in tinues to thrive in Tuscaloosa. House staff several years before, but he was Montrose. Johnny Bryant Darrington Together, Jim and Louise raised predicting the climate that had led to ‘Wa- III, 20, was charged with murder and three wonderful sons, Don, Rick and tergate.’ And that is disturbing.’’ aggravated robbery. He told police he Glenn, who have brought them great Born in 1913 in Omaha, Nebraska, to Doro- hated homosexuals. joy in life. Their grandchildren, Brian, thy Gardner and Leslie Lynch King Jr., Ger- I believe that government’s first duty Lindsay and Brittany; and great-grand- ald Ford was christened Leslie L. King Jr. is to defend its citizens, to defend them His parents divorced when he was two years daughter Farris, are sources of consid- old. He moved with his mother to Grand against the harms that come out of erable pride. Rapids, Mich., where she married Gerald Ru- hate. The Local Law Enforcement En- Jim was active in his community. He dolph Ford, who later adopted the child and hancement Act of 2001 is now a symbol was an active member of the Tusca- gave him his name, Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. that can become substance. I believe loosa Bar Association and also served