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Kwale District Report Short Rains Food Security Assessment 15Th - 18Th February 2008

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Kwale District Report Short Rains Food Security Assessment 15Th - 18Th February 2008 KWALE DISTRICT REPORT SHORT RAINS FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT 15TH - 18TH FEBRUARY 2008 DISTRICT MAP Assessment Team Angela Kaguara Ministry of Health Martin Okonji Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development Winnie Opiko World Food Programme Josephine Mwema World Food Programme Ruth Amatalo World Food Programme Kwale District Steering Group Members Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 1 Steering Group TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 District Background Information.......................................................................................... 3 1.2 Summary of Recommendations............................................................................................ 3 1.3 History of Relief Operations in the District.......................................................................... 4 2 DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION.............................................................................. 4 2.1 Overall Food Security Situation ........................................................................................... 4 2.2 Impacts of Shocks and hazards on Food Security ................................................................ 5 2.2.1 Rainfall.......................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Crop Production and Prices .......................................................................................... 6 2.2.3 Livestock Production and Prices................................................................................... 7 2.2.4 Water and Sanitation................................................................................................... 10 2.2.5 Health and Nutrition................................................................................................... 10 2.2.6 Education .................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.7 Coping strategies......................................................................................................... 11 2.2.8 Food Security Prognosis ............................................................................................. 11 2.3 Divisional Food Security Ranking...................................................................................... 12 2.4 Ongoing Interventions........................................................................................................ 13 3 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................ 13 3.1 Food Aid Intervention......................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Non- Food Interventions.....................................................................................................14 Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 2 Steering Group 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 District Background Information Kwale district is located in the Coast Province of Kenya and has an area of 8293 km2 with a population of 583,330 persons. The annual growth rate is 2.625%. The mean household size is 6-8. Currently the district is split into three (3) districts namely:- Kwale district - Matuga & Kubo division. Msambweni district - Msambweni and Lunga-Lunga division. Kinango district - Kinango, Samburu, Kasemeni and Ndavaya division. The overall Kwale district has monsoon type of climate; hot and dry from January to April and cool between June and August. The district experiences a bimodal rainfall pattern with the short rains occurring between October to December and the long rains occurring between March and June/July. The average annual rainfall ranges between 400mm and 1200mm. The districts are long rains dependent with the exception of Samburu division in Kinango district. The three districts have four (4) livelihood zones that include livestock farming, mixed farming, fisheries and formal employment /tourism (See livelihood map). Mixed farming is the main livelihood of the district although most of the district area is under livestock farming. The district meets 60% of its grains, vegetables and pulses requirements. The deficit is met from imports from other neighboring districts (mainly Taita Taveta) and upcountry. The short rains started late in October 2007, were poor and erratic in all parts of the districts. This affected planting, performance of the crops and subsequent 70% failure of the expected yield in Kwale/ Msambweni district and total crop failure in Kinango district. However, these rains were sufficient for growth of pastures and browse. Surface water structures impounded some additional water but are already drying up. There is unchecked burning in the farms which is adversely affecting the perennial crops in the mixed farming zone i.e. coconut, mangoes and cashew nuts. The food security situation is deteriorating in Kinango, Samburu and Lungalunga divisions and is expected to be worse in the coming months until August 2008 harvests. Currently malnutrition rates are at 3.2% (MUAC at risk). CHANIS data (source: MoH) from the overall district records indicate 6.2% underweight children. The scenario does not explain the cause of the low rates observed. The rates indicate a stable food security situation. The January and December early warning bulletins also indicate a normal and stable food security situation although market food prices are increasing abnormally compared to normal. The overall food security situation can be described as alert and worsening. 1.2 Summary of Recommendations Desiltation of Nyalani and Bekadzo dams. Protection of water troughs and fencing of Mwakijembe and Nyalani dam. Rehabilitation of cattle dips in Mwakijembe and Nyalani. Provision of seeds for planting. Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 3 Steering Group School feeding to cover 30 schools previously covered by the ESFP. Provision of water to schools – Nyango and Wamasa primary schools. Provision of 100 MT of Unimix for supplementary feeding for the under-fives. Provision of supplementary feeding for PLWHA. Provision of water-use of boozers. Purchase of three water tanks. Conduct nutrition and health survey. Continuation and up-scaling of FFA activities to include Lunga Lunga division in Kwale district. 1.3 History of Relief Operations in the District The emergency operations (EMOP) started in September 2004 after the 2003/4 short rains and the 2004 long rains failed with a caseload of 191,102 beneficiaries. It was phased out in February 2007. In Kinango Food for asset programme targeting 39,454 beneficiaries was initiated under phase 6 of EMOP (June 2007) and it is still ongoing. 2 DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION 2.1 Overall Food Security Situation Generally, the food security situation is stable in Kwale/ Msambweni district but alert and worsening in Kinango district. On average, the short rains were inadequate and poorly distributed and resulted in low crop production compared to normal. This was further aggravated by one month’s dry spell that was experienced at a critical flowering stage in maize crop in December. Farmers in the food cropping zone, cash crop and dairy zones were equally affected by the poor yields owing to erratic long rains. The most affected areas include Kinango, Samburu and Lunga Lunga. The availability of food stocks in the market at the moment are normal but at a higher price, while stocks at the household level for the dried crop is minimal. Both cereals and legumes can be accessed in the local markets. The main source of supply of cereals, mainly rice and dry maize, is Kongowea market in Mombasa. Most of the vegetables are acquired from the same market, though local vegetables (cassava leaves) are available at household level. The livestock body condition is good to fair. Trekking distances to pasture and watering points have increased to 7-12km in Mwereni division from a normal of 1-3km while in Kinango the average distance to watering points is 4-6km. There are minimal carry over stocks from the long rains period due to 40% crop loss in crop yields resultant from water logging conditions. Drying up of surface water and exhaustion of household food stocks is expected to continue as the drought situation spans. Similarly pasture and browse status will equally deteriorate. Factors affecting food security include; Unreliable rainfall Dependency on rain fed Agriculture High poverty levels that result into low use of improved farm inputs Unchecked wild fires in the mixed farming livelihood zone Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 4 Steering Group Wildlife/cropping conflict Conflicts between pastoralists and farming communities Poor soil fertility Low provision of extension services (low staffing levels in all Divisions) 2.2 Impacts of Shocks and hazards on Food Security 2.2.1 Rainfall The district has a bimodal rainfall pattern with the short rains between October and December and the long rains falling between March and June/July. The 2007 short rains started
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