KWALE DISTRICT REPORT SHORT RAINS FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT 15TH - 18TH FEBRUARY 2008

DISTRICT MAP

Assessment Team

Angela Kaguara Ministry of Health Martin Okonji Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development Winnie Opiko World Food Programme Josephine Mwema World Food Programme Ruth Amatalo World Food Programme Kwale District Steering Group Members

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 1 Steering Group TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 3 1.1 District Background Information...... 3 1.2 Summary of Recommendations...... 3 1.3 History of Relief Operations in the District...... 4 2 DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION...... 4 2.1 Overall Food Security Situation ...... 4 2.2 Impacts of Shocks and hazards on Food Security ...... 5 2.2.1 Rainfall...... 5 2.2.2 Crop Production and Prices ...... 6 2.2.3 Livestock Production and Prices...... 7 2.2.4 Water and Sanitation...... 10 2.2.5 Health and Nutrition...... 10 2.2.6 Education ...... 11 2.2.7 Coping strategies...... 11 2.2.8 Food Security Prognosis ...... 11 2.3 Divisional Food Security Ranking...... 12 2.4 Ongoing Interventions...... 13 3 RECOMMENDATIONS...... 13 3.1 Food Aid Intervention...... 13 3.2 Non- Food Interventions...... 14

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 2 Steering Group

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 District Background Information

Kwale district is located in the Coast Province of Kenya and has an area of 8293 km2 with a population of 583,330 persons. The annual growth rate is 2.625%. The mean household size is 6-8. Currently the district is split into three (3) districts namely:- ƒ Kwale district - Matuga & Kubo division. ƒ Msambweni district - Msambweni and Lunga-Lunga division. ƒ Kinango district - Kinango, Samburu, Kasemeni and Ndavaya division.

The overall Kwale district has monsoon type of climate; hot and dry from January to April and cool between June and August. The district experiences a bimodal rainfall pattern with the short rains occurring between October to December and the long rains occurring between March and June/July. The average annual rainfall ranges between 400mm and 1200mm. The districts are long rains dependent with the exception of Samburu division in Kinango district.

The three districts have four (4) livelihood zones that include livestock farming, mixed farming, fisheries and formal employment /tourism (See livelihood map). Mixed farming is the main livelihood of the district although most of the district area is under livestock farming. The district meets 60% of its grains, vegetables and pulses requirements. The deficit is met from imports from other neighboring districts (mainly Taita Taveta) and upcountry.

The short rains started late in October 2007, were poor and erratic in all parts of the districts. This affected planting, performance of the crops and subsequent 70% failure of the expected yield in Kwale/ Msambweni district and total crop failure in Kinango district. However, these rains were sufficient for growth of pastures and browse. Surface water structures impounded some additional water but are already drying up.

There is unchecked burning in the farms which is adversely affecting the perennial crops in the mixed farming zone i.e. coconut, mangoes and cashew nuts. The food security situation is deteriorating in Kinango, Samburu and Lungalunga divisions and is expected to be worse in the coming months until August 2008 harvests.

Currently malnutrition rates are at 3.2% (MUAC at risk). CHANIS data (source: MoH) from the overall district records indicate 6.2% underweight children. The scenario does not explain the cause of the low rates observed. The rates indicate a stable food security situation. The January and December early warning bulletins also indicate a normal and stable food security situation although market food prices are increasing abnormally compared to normal. The overall food security situation can be described as alert and worsening.

1.2 Summary of Recommendations

ƒ Desiltation of Nyalani and Bekadzo dams. ƒ Protection of water troughs and fencing of Mwakijembe and Nyalani dam. ƒ Rehabilitation of cattle dips in Mwakijembe and Nyalani. ƒ Provision of seeds for planting. Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 3 Steering Group ƒ School feeding to cover 30 schools previously covered by the ESFP. ƒ Provision of water to schools – Nyango and Wamasa primary schools. ƒ Provision of 100 MT of Unimix for supplementary feeding for the under-fives. ƒ Provision of supplementary feeding for PLWHA. ƒ Provision of water-use of boozers. ƒ Purchase of three water tanks. ƒ Conduct nutrition and health survey. ƒ Continuation and up-scaling of FFA activities to include Lunga Lunga division in Kwale district.

1.3 History of Relief Operations in the District

The emergency operations (EMOP) started in September 2004 after the 2003/4 short rains and the 2004 long rains failed with a caseload of 191,102 beneficiaries. It was phased out in February 2007. In Kinango Food for asset programme targeting 39,454 beneficiaries was initiated under phase 6 of EMOP (June 2007) and it is still ongoing.

2 DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION

2.1 Overall Food Security Situation

Generally, the food security situation is stable in Kwale/ Msambweni district but alert and worsening in Kinango district. On average, the short rains were inadequate and poorly distributed and resulted in low crop production compared to normal. This was further aggravated by one month’s dry spell that was experienced at a critical flowering stage in maize crop in December. Farmers in the food cropping zone, cash crop and dairy zones were equally affected by the poor yields owing to erratic long rains. The most affected areas include Kinango, Samburu and Lunga Lunga.

The availability of food stocks in the market at the moment are normal but at a higher price, while stocks at the household level for the dried crop is minimal. Both cereals and legumes can be accessed in the local markets. The main source of supply of cereals, mainly rice and dry maize, is Kongowea market in Mombasa. Most of the vegetables are acquired from the same market, though local vegetables (cassava leaves) are available at household level.

The livestock body condition is good to fair. Trekking distances to pasture and watering points have increased to 7-12km in Mwereni division from a normal of 1-3km while in Kinango the average distance to watering points is 4-6km.

There are minimal carry over stocks from the long rains period due to 40% crop loss in crop yields resultant from water logging conditions.

Drying up of surface water and exhaustion of household food stocks is expected to continue as the drought situation spans. Similarly pasture and browse status will equally deteriorate.

Factors affecting food security include;

ƒ Unreliable rainfall ƒ Dependency on rain fed Agriculture ƒ High poverty levels that result into low use of improved farm inputs ƒ Unchecked wild fires in the mixed farming livelihood zone Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 4 Steering Group ƒ Wildlife/cropping conflict ƒ Conflicts between pastoralists and farming communities ƒ Poor soil fertility ƒ Low provision of extension services (low staffing levels in all Divisions)

2.2 Impacts of Shocks and hazards on Food Security

2.2.1 Rainfall

The district has a bimodal rainfall pattern with the short rains between October and December and the long rains falling between March and June/July. The 2007 short rains started on time in mid October but were erratic, poorly distributed and below normal in all parts of the two districts. These were unreliable and therefore inadequate for crop production but sufficient for regeneration of pasture and browse. There was a one month dry spell in December in Lungalunga and Samburu divisions of Kwale/Msambweni and Kinango districts respectively until mid January when there were light showers. Planting was done continuously from the onset of the rains up to December. Only 30% of the early planted crop was realized in Kwale/Msambweni district and there was total crop failure for the late planted crop while in Kinango, there was total crop failure.

The long rains started in late march and continued to the month of August. Initially they started with light showers and were erratic and poorly distributed. However the rains started improving in the months of May and June and unusually extended to August 2007 delaying land preparation for the short rains season.

The average total rainfall received in Kwale and Kinango districts during the short rains 2007 was 147.8mm and 161 mm compared to the 2006 average of 840.8mm and 218.6 mm respectively. Figures 1a /b show the rainfall distribution for Kinango and Kwale districts.

Figure 1a: Rainfall figures.

Average Rainfall 2007 vs. Average Rainfall 2006 Rainfall (mm) Kinango District 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Ma Jan Feb Mar Apr Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec y Average 2006 26 0 85.4 113 52.4 83.2 34.6 54.9 46 293 245 42 Average 2007 56.5 0 56.5 61.2 62.8 219 36 46.7 28.5 57.5 52 51.5 Average 2008 22 Months

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 5 Steering Group

Figure 1b: Rainfall figures.

Average total rainfall 2007 vs average total rainfall 2006 in Kwale district 600

500

400

m) 300

ll (m ll fa 200

ai n R 100

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average 2006 13.5 0 52.1 159 186 194 123 106 53.8 43 555 243 Average 2007 74.8 0 19.2 75.8 325 391 85.7 95.5 73.1 41.2 58.6 48 Average 2008 29 Months

Wildlife destruction to crops especially by elephants at Chegoni, Taru, Kilibasi, Silaloni (Kinango district). Other destructive wildlife includes wild pigs, monkeys, rhinos etc.

Human conflicts between native pastoralist communities and external pastoralists from Garissa and Tana River districts over pasture and water.

Influx of stock from other neighboring districts may contribute to a drop in prices of the local breed which are smaller in size.

2.2.2 Crop Production and Prices

The major food crops are maize, beans, cassava, cow peas and green grams. The major cash crops are coconut, passion fruits, oranges, mangoes and bixa.

The short rains started as expected in mid October but were poor and erratic in all parts of Kwale and Kinango districts. This led to 30% crop yields to nil in Kwale and Kinango districts, respectively.

10-15% of farmers use certified seeds and 5-10% use fertilizers. There is low adoption to the use of drought tolerant crops. Out of the 6 tonnes of sorghum seeds distributed for planting, only 20% planted. The few farmers who had planted the sorghum reported nil or little crop harvest as a result of failure and damage by pests (maize stalk borer) and birds.

In most areas standing crops from last years short rains have wilted or are showing signs of moisture stress especially annual crops and vegetables. Fruit crops are in good condition with reported cases of powdery mildew in cashew nuts.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 6 Steering Group

There is unchecked burning in the farms which is adversely affecting the perennial crops in the mixed farming zone i.e. coconut, mangoes and cashew nuts. The food security situation is deteriorating in Kinango, Samburu and Lungalunga divisions and is expected to worsen in the coming months until July 2008 harvests.

Table 1: Kwale/ Kinango Districts Crops data Long rains Short rains Crop Planted (ha) Achieved production Planted (ha) Achieved production (90 (90kg bags) kg bags) Maize 7617 45,704 2,322 Minimal harvests Rice 904 8,979 350 realized, 30% to nil Cowpeas 502 3,012 175.5 Beans 318 1,908 54.5 Green grams 157 786 88.4 Cassava 1,485 14,840 tons 186.7 560 tons expected

Most farmers in the districts have low purchasing power hence food accessibility is low. Currently, maize grain is only available at trading centers, 20 kg for Ksh 400 (normal price Ksh 250) compared to average January price of Ksh 25 (See figure 2) indicating normalcy in the market channels. Demand for maize from the local NCPB depot by individuals has gone up from 2 bags to 10 bags per day. Food situation is expected to worsen in the coming months until after the August 2008 harvests. Wild vegetables and berries are already being consumed in Samburu division (Mtaa and Silaloni location).

Comparative Kwale/Kinango districts maize prices 2007 vs 2006 Figure 2 30

25

Prices (Ksh) 20

15

10

5

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average 2006 21 21 21 22 20 17 16 15 13 12 13 13 Average 2007 25 25 22 22 23 21 20 18 19 18 18 20 Average 2008 25 Months

2.2.3 Livestock Production and Prices

Rainfall was adequate for pasture regeneration in Kwale and inadequate in Kinango district. Currently, the quantity of pasture in livestock farming zone in Kinango is deteriorating and only standing hay and scattered browse are available. Pasture and browse in Kwale is currently adequate and will last up to the next rainy season.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 7 Steering Group The available water sources include water pans and dams in Kinango district as well as swamps in Kwale district. More than 50% of water sources have dried up. The average distance to pasture and water has therefore increased from 1-3km to 5km in Kwale except in Mwereni where it is 7-12km while in Kinango district; the average distance is 4-6km. The distances are expected to increase as the dry spell persists and more water sources continue to dry up.

Livestock body condition is good to fair on average, is expected to deteriorate due to increasing stress while in search of forage and water. The most affected areas include Samburu division in Kinango district, Mbugoni and Mwereni divisions in Kwale district. The average livestock ownership per household is 20- 30 cattle and 15-25 goats for single herded stock. Jointly herded stock number is above 40 heads of cattle per household and above 30 sheep/goats. Livestock inventory in the districts is as shown in table 2:-

Table 2: Livestock Distribution Livestock Matuga Msambweni Lungalunga Kubo Kinango Samburu Total species Dairy Cattle 1385 609 859 200 0 152 3205 Beef cattle 5080 30450 78531 5684 20624 105214 245582 Local poultry 127324 29943 75511 16240 86076 122815 457908 Layers 13195 22330 3959 33089 0 1015 73588 Goats 16804 20300 58972 7816 53740 147378 305010 Sheep 2994 12688 7156 4354 26538 35114 88844

Livestock prices have decreased for large stock (cattle) but remained stable for small stock. Between October 2007 and January 2008, indicated in the table 3 below:-

Table 3: Livestock Prices Cattle Goat Price in Ksh Current Normal Current Normal Kinango market 14,000 18,000-20,000 1500 1500 Samburu market 9,500 15,000- 18,000 1100 1100

The stability in small stock price offers a chance to stock owners to plan for marketing of sheep and goats to meet their household food needs. The depressed cattle prices could be attributed to to the influx of stock in Kinango district in search of forage and water. Milk production has decreased from 2 litres to half litre among indigenous stock with less than 10% lactating cows compared to the normal of above 65% of any heard in both livestock and mixed farming zones. Milk prices have increased from Ksh 20/25 per litre to Ksh 30/45. Kinango district will be affected negatively with regard to accessibility to milk at household level due to dependency on indigenous cows for milk.

No outbreaks of livestock diseases have been reported except for the endemic diseases such as trypanosomiasis, tick borne diseases and helminthiasis for cattle, fowl typhoid for poultry and pneumonia for small stock.

The prices of cattle and goat are favorable as compared to the long term average indicated in the figures 4 and 5 respectively.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 8 Steering Group Figure 4: Cattle Prices Mean cattle prices 2007 vs long term 2000- 2006 18000 16000

14000 12000 Price (Ksh) 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Mean price 2000- 2006 7960 75467305 7330 76607690 7614 73777640 7870 79158175 Mean price 2007 1100 11001080 1050 10009500 9000 99001010 1050 12001500 Mean price 2008 1700 Months Figure 5: Goat Prices Mean goat prices 2007 vs long term 2000- 2006 1400

1200

Price (Ksh) 1000

800

600

400

200

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Mean price 2000- 967 755 732 745 707 657 720 725 737 935 835 875 2006 Mean price 2007 11751175 1000 900 900 950 950 10001050120012501250 Mean price 2008 1180 Months

Grazing intensity is high in Kinango district (Livestock farming) about 4.5 ha/stock unit, (optimal 8 ha/stock unit.) livestock body condition is fair. Msambweni and Kwale district (mixed farming) are stocked optimally at 0.6ha/s.u. stock body condition is good. Milk availability is limited due to reduced yield from an average of 2 litres per indigenous cow to 0.5 litres per cow. Milk price per litre is varying from Ksh 30-45 compared to normal of Ksh 20-25. Fish is available (omena- small fish and papa), half size for the normal price.

Conflict and migration There was an influx of animals from Tana River and Garissa district in search of water and pasture. This has resulted to increased depletion of water thus causing conflicts particularly in Kilibasi and MacKinnon areas.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 9 Steering Group 2.2.4 Water and Sanitation

The major water sources in the district are: piped water, boreholes, shallow wells, streams/rivers, dams, harvested rain water and ponds. The Mzima spring pipeline serves those areas along and close to Mombasa highway, Tiwi aquifer serves the Coastal strip and the Merere pipeline serves Kinango Township.

In the hinterland (Livestock farming livelihood zone, Mwereni in Kwale and Samburu in Kinango) where major source of water is shallow wells and dams water scarcity is a major problem. This is exacerbated by failure of short rains to replenish these sources.

Walking distances in search of water for domestic use and livestock are increasing especially in the livestock livelihood zones from 2-4km to 4-8km. Community interviews and household observation within the communities in the water stressed areas of Kinango district revealed that an average household of 6 persons consumes 60litres (3 jerry cans) of water per day which translates to 10litres per person per day. The nearest water sources would last for two weeks before drying. If long rains fail to start in March the communities will have to walk further and further and less water will be available for domestic use.

Pipeline water supply is treated at the source while water sourced from pans and dams are usually untreated implying that most domestic water supplies may be contaminated. Only Mtaa dam in Kinango district has treated water.

Sanitation Latrine coverage is limited in the rural areas and is estimated at 50% in Kwale/Msambweni and 25% in Kinango. This poses a health hazard particularly during the rainy season when human wastes are swept to the water sources.

2.2.5 Health and Nutrition

A general improvement was noted in nutritional status of the population compared to 2006. Currently malnutrition rates are at 3.2% (MUAC at risk) and CHANIS data (source: MoH) from the overall district records indicate 6.2% underweight children. Worst affected areas are Samburu and Kinango divisions. The scenario does not explain the cause of the low rates observed. The rates indicate a stable food security situation.

Figure 6 indicates the malnutrition trends for both Kwale and Kinango districts. The slight increase in the level of malnutrition in Figure 6 %Number of children with MUAC<135mm vs long December is attributed to reduced term average 06 for Kwale district accessibility to food stuffs during the 12 long rains. The subsequent decrease 10 in January is brought about by the meagre yields (30%) realized. 6 % children sampled 4 HIV prevalence in 2007 was 4.8% and 7.0% in Kwale and Kinango 2 districts, respectively. There are 7 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec comprehensive care centers (CCC’s) Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Baseline rates 2006 7.6 7.1 6.4 6.2 4.2 5.1 4.5 4.1 3.1 2.9 4.1 4.6 10 Steering Group Average MUAC 2007 6.7 9.2 10.2 3.6 5.9 3.2 4.5 2.9 3.1 3.8 3.6 6 Average MUAC 2008 3.2 Months in Kwale and 3 CCCs in Kinango district. There are no food supplements provided to PLWHAs.

Most prevalent diseases are malaria, coughing, diarrhea and bilhazia. Immunization coverage has decreased to 95% from above 100% in 2006.

2.2.6 Education

There are a total 111 schools (Kinango); 58 in Samburu and 53 in Kinango. The district has a total enrolment of 57341 consisting of 30,856 boys and 26, 495 girls. A total of 38 schools in Kinango and Samburu are under the Regular School Feeding Programme, with 7 schools which were under the Expanded School Feeding Programme that was phased out in Term III, 2007.

The district has a limited number of secondary schools (9 in number) that cannot cater fully for all those who complete their primary studies and wish to proceed to secondary schools. However, 5 are earmarked to be opened soon; the current enrolment at secondary school stands at 5,348 with 3,393 boys and 1955girls.

Completion rates for primary school going girls are low due to pregnancies and early marriages as per records indicating a drop out rate of 14 in September, 2007. The issues as raised are however being addressed at district level to address issues on performance and retention rates.

Kwale/Msambweni District has 182 schools with current enrolment of 49, 938 boys and 45556 girls. A total of 41 schools are covered in the SFP in Samburu, Mazeras, Ndavaya, Kinango/Gandini and Mkogani zones. According to statistics provided by the Education department in Kwale, the district average drop out rate stands at 0.2%, with recorded mass transfers to schools especially in the wet areas as a result of child labor practices and cultural practices.

The district average transition rates have dropped from 46% to 31.3% mainly attributed to the lack of capacity to absorb of more students in the existing facilities. On average, distance to school for both districts was 3-5 km.

Ongoing interventions in the district are by UNICEF, Verkaart, Plan Kenya, Action Aid, Emack and Choice Humanitarian

Some of the problems facing schools include water scarcity, inadequate physical facilities and infrastructure, low staffing levels, child labor practices and early marriages/pregnancies

2.2.7 Coping strategies

Communities are undertaking normal coping mechanisms based on their livelihood. They were not practicing distress coping mechanisms. The common types of coping mechanisms include: Charcoal burning, borrowing from relatives, ocean fishing, small/Petty trade in foodstuffs, casual labour, sale of Makuti roofing materials, consumption of wild vegetables, reduced food intake (size and frequency), dilution of meals (porridge) and consumption of non staples such as cassava.

2.2.8 Food Security Prognosis

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 11 Steering Group Kinango and Samburu divisions have had persistent drought for two consecutive seasons. The two divisions realised nil harvests during the 2007 short rains season and 60% harvest during the 2007 long rains. However, 30% of the short rains yields was destroyed by GGB and 30% by wild animals. This has contributed to the worsening food security situation.

Distances to watering points for both humans and livestock have increased. This has led to deterioration of animal body condition from good to fair and decrease in milk production. A lot of time is spent in search of water instead of productive work.

Kinango and Samburu divisions are overstocked due to influx of animals from the neighbouring districts indicating that the stress on land does not benefit the natives. This is because the indigenous breeds are small in size in comparison to the external ones which have bigger size and fetch higher value in the market. Increased prices of food stuffs have reduced household food accessibility due to the overall low purchasing power.

The coping mechanisms are limited in Kinango district as a whole with majority of the households engaging in charcoal burning, skipping meals, reduced meal sizes, re-distribution of food rations, and consumption of wild vegetables. In Kwale/Msambweni, the coping mechanisms being employed are ocean fishing, petty trade in food stuffs and charcoal burning.

2.3 Divisional Food Security Ranking

Table 4.1 Kwale/ Msambweni district Division Name Food Security Rank (1 very Main Food Threat and positive aspects ( If good…. 10 very bad) any) Lunga Lunga 4 ƒ Poor rainfall ƒ Water scarcity Matuga 3 ƒ Human wildlife conflict ƒ Realized 30% harvest Msambweni 2 ƒ Formal employment (tourism) ƒ Fishing Kubo 1 ƒ Realized 30% of expected yields ƒ 50% of households have livestock

Table 4.2 Kinango district Division Name Food Security Rank (1 very Main Food Threat and positive aspects ( If good…. 10 very bad) any) Samburu 4 ƒ Poor rainfall ƒ Persistent crop failure ƒ Limited copying mechanisms ƒ Water scarcity Ndavaya 3 ƒ Poor rainfall ƒ Persistent crop failure ƒ Limited copying mechanisms ƒ Water scarcity ƒ Minimal harvests realized during the LRs season Kinango 2 ƒ Poor rainfall ƒ Water scarcity Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 12 Steering Group ƒ Human/wildlife conflict ƒ Casual waged labor Kasemeni 1 ƒ Crop failure ƒ Realized 30% harvest ƒ Access to water ƒ Casual waged labor NB. The higher the rank the worse the food security situation

2.4 Ongoing Interventions

Kinango district has a total of 27 projects under the FFA out of which 8 are on road construction and 19 are on rehabilitation and construction of water pans. A total of 39,454 beneficiaries are targeted in this program.

It has been noted that more people are turning up at work/distribution sites in expectation to receive food. Also beneficiaries are redistributing their rations to other households due to the deteriorating food situation. The food aid basket comprises of cereals (3.4kg), pulses (0.6kg) and oil (0.18kg) per day for an average household of 6 persons for 12 days in a month.

3 RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Food Aid Intervention

Table 5: Food Aid Divisions Division Food Range of Pop Possible Possible non Rank Insecurity Requiring Ration Food Food aid interventions KINANGO DISTRICT Samburu 2 Moderate 30-40% 50% FFA/CFW Kinango 1 Moderate 30-35 % 50% FFA/CFW KWALE/MSAMBWENI DISTRICT Lunga Lunga 4 Low 0% 0% FFA/CFW Msambweni 3 Low 0% 0% Matuga 2 Low 0% 0% Kubo 1 Low 0% 0%

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 13 Steering Group 3.2 Non- Food Interventions

Livelihood zone Sector Interventions Justification Total budget Possible Source of (Kshs.) funds Immediate Long term Livestock farming Livestock Desiltation, compaction Over 10,000 heads of cattle 2,400,000 ALRMP-Nairobi –Vugurungani and Nyalani and Bekadzo rely on this water source Ndavaya location dams -reduce disease cases construction of water 385,500 ALRMP-Nairobi troughs and fencing of Mwakijembe and Nyalani dams Rehabilitation of cattle -to reduce tick borne 1,221,220 dips-Mwakijembe and diseases Nyalani and training of communities on their management Mixed farming Agriculture Provision of seed for Low rainfall received 19,416,270 World Vision, planting-maize, cow peas, They are staple foods GOK, other NGOs green grams Other than cassava, the rest Cassava cuttings preferred by the community

Livestock, mixed Forestry Establishment of tree -to control environmental 1,062,640 ALRMP farming nurseries degradation as a result of charcoal burning -to utilize the long rains Livestock, mixed Education School feeding to cover -low attendance/drop out in MOE/WFP farming 30 schools phased out search of water and food after EMOP. Provision of water to 2 Construction of earth -poor hygiene 1,000,000 CDA schools (Nyango and dam Wamasa primary schools) All livelihoods Health Provision of 100mt of Increasing number of WFP Unimix for underweight children

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group 14 supplementary feeding for the children under five years. Provision of Though food insecure WFP supplementary feeding affects most household, for PLHA during FFA PLHAs are greatly affected distribution. by the situation Purchase of water Increased cases of 100,000 MOH - Nairobi treatment kits diarrhoea Silaloni and Provision of water water- Increased diarrhoea 640,000 ALRMP Vigurungani use of boozers Makamini, Silaloni Purchase of 3 water tanks Increased diarrhoea 300,000 ALRMP and Vigurungani All livelihoods Conduct nutrition and To assess the current 500,000 ALRMP, UNICEF health survey situation (last done 2002)

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group 15