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Arba Minch University School of Post Graduate Studies Department of Geography and Environmental Studies School of Humanity and Social Science

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Arba Minch University School of Post Graduate Studies Department of Geography and Environmental Studies School of Humanity and Social Science ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF HUMANITY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE FARMERS‟ PERCEPTION OF LAND DEGRADATION: THE CASE OF DOYOGENA WOREDA KAMBATA TEMBARO ZONE OF SOUTH NATION, NATIONALITY AND PEOPLE REGION BY: Samuel Abebe Advisor: Yechale Kebede (PhD) AMU ETHIOPIA i FARMERS‟ PERCEPTION OF LAND DEGRADATION: THE CASE OF DOYOGENA WOREDA KAMBATA TEMBARO ZONE OF SOUTH NATION, NATIONALITY AND PEOPLE REGION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES OF ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM. By: Samuel Abebe Advisor: Yechale Kebede (PhD) AMU, 2014 Arba Minch, Ethiopia ii APPROVAL PAGE ARBA MINCH UNVERSITY SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF HUMANITY AND SOCIAL SECIENCE This research entitled with “Farmers‟ Perception of Land Degradation: the Case of Doyogena Woreda, SNNPR, and Kambata Tembaro Zone” has been approved by the following advisors, examiners and department in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master in Department of Geography and Environmental science in Land Resource Management. By: Samuel Abebe Approved By the Board of Examiners Dr, Yechale Kebede. --------------- ------------------ Advisor Date Signature ---------------------------------- --------------- ------------------- External examiner Date Signature ------------------------------ ----------------- ------------------- Chairman Date Signature -------------------------------- --------------- ------------------- Geography Dep.Head Date Signature iii DECLARATION This undersigned declare that thesis „Farmers‟ Perception of Land Degradation: the case of Doyogena Woreda Kembata Tembaro Zone South Nation, Nationality and People Region‟ entitled is my original work and this thesis was not presented in other institutions by any else. All the sources of material that the researcher used for this thesis have been highly acknowledged. Mr. Samuel Abebe …………………………… Name of student Signature iv ABSTRACT Land degradation has been the most serious problem that has treated the life of millions of people in Ethiopia. The causes of land degradation are complex and diverse. Although influenced by natural and socio-economic factors, land degradation in Ethiopia is mainly a function of growing population exploitative substance agriculture and rudimentary production methods but the problem is not noticed and perceived by all farmers at the same fashion and level. Thus, the study is aimed to evaluate the status of farmers‟ perception of land degradation and management practices in doyogena woreda. A three-stage systematic sampling procedure was employed to select three sample kebeles and 129 sample household heads to collect primary data. Interview and observation were also used to collect the relevant data. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis and Likert scale were employed to show the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents. As the study has been shown the farmers‟ perception of steep slope , human population pressure, soil erosion, deforestation, over cultivation, planting eucalyptus tree, lack of fertilizers, overgrazing, poor farming practice and absence of crop rotation as the cause of land degradation were found relatively reported by majority of the respondents except few educated farmers. For many farmers reported that difficulty for farming increased of requirements of fertilizers, loss of agricultural production, poverty and economic backwardness, landlessness and migration as consequence of land degradation in study area. Concerning the perception to land management practices, closure of grazing land, terracing and tree planting are said to have been the least perceived as management practices used by farmers except those who attached their life with in education. On the other hand, organic manure, mulching, crop rotation, and tree planting were indicated as the frequently used soil management practices by large house hold size. Pertaining the sources of information for farmers‟ friends and relatives were found as the most important one. As the chi-square analysis has been shown age, education and household size were major factors that influence perception of farmers. Therefore, continuous education, training and disseminating information is very important to arouse farmers‟ perception of land degradation and management practices by considering their current perception level in the study area. Key words: Farmers perception and land degradation. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Above all I am honored when I thank and glorify the king of Heaven and Earth Lord Jesus Christ who is the ultimate means of my success. I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my advisor and instructor Dr, Yechale Kebede, in especial way for his unreserved advice, nice consultation, devotion to teach and provision of important reference materials that are much useful for this research work. My special and very big gratitude extended to Meseret Merkos for her encouraging and sisterly support and advice while I was doing this research. I wish to address my heartfelt thanks to my Mather Abebech Ersado, My Brather Desta Abebe, and My Steters Alemitu and Amharech Abebe for their unreserved assistance and encouragement throughout my education life. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration………………………………………………………………………………………………...….iv Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………….….v Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………………………vi Table of Content …………………………………………………………………………………………….vii List of Tables………………………………………………………………………………………………….x List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………………………...xi Acronyms…………………………………………………………………………………………………….xii CHAPTERONE: INTRODUCTION…………………………...…..…………………………… 1 1.1 Background of the study ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objective of the Study .............................................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 Specific objective ............................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Scope of the Study .................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………………………………....7 2.1 Conceptual and Theoretical Framework ............................................................................... …7 2.1.1 Meaning of Land Degradation ........................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Problem of Land Degradation in Ethiopia ......................................................................... 9 2.2. Causes of Land Degradation .................................................................................................. 10 2.2.1 Wood land clearing .......................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Use of dung and crop residues ......................................................................................... 10 2.2.3 Natural Conditions ........................................................................................................... 11 2.2.4 Population Growth ........................................................................................................... 11 2.2.4 Land Ownership ............................................................................................................... 11 vii 2.2.5 Rural Markets ................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.6 Backward Agricultural Technology ................................................................................. 12 2.2.7 Lack of awareness for the environment ........................................................................... 12 2.3 Consequences of Land Degradation ....................................................................................... 12 2.4 Farmers‟ Perception on Land Degradation ............................................................................. 14 2.5 Land Management Practices ................................................................................................... 16 2.6 Factors Determine Farmers‟ Perception towards Land Degradation and Management Practices ........................................................................................................................................ 18 2.5.1 The effect of Age, Educational status and Access to Information on land degradation and land management practices ....................................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER THREE: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA AND RESEARCH METHODOL…………………………………………………………………………………….22 2 3.1. Description of the Study Area ................................................................................................ 22 3.1.1 Location ...........................................................................................................................
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