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“Extraversion” Or “Openness” As Further Factors Associated to the Cultural Skills Avances En Psicología Latinoamericana, Vol Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana ISSN: 1794-4724 [email protected] Universidad del Rosario Colombia Domingo Depaula, Pablo; Azzollini, Susana Celeste; Cosentino, Alejandro César; Castillo, Sergio Edgardo Personality, Character Strengths and Cultural Intelligence: “Extraversion” or “Openness” as Further Factors Associated to the Cultural Skills Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, vol. 34, núm. 2, 2016, pp. 415-436 Universidad del Rosario Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=79945606014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Personality, Character Strengths and Cultural Intelligence: “Extraversion” or “Openness” as Further Factors Associated to the Cultural Skills Personalidad, fortalezas del carácter e inteligencia cultural: “extraversión” o “apertura” como factores en mayor medida asociados a las habilidades culturales Personalidade, fortalezas do carácter e inteligência cultural: “extraversão” ou “abertura” como fatores em maior medida associados às habilidades culturais Pablo Domingo Depaula*, Susana Celeste Azzollini*, Alejandro César Cosentino**, Sergio Edgardo Castillo** *Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. **Universidad de la Defensa Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Abstract cated that Openness is a positive predictor of general cultural intelligence of students, and the character stren- At present the development and operation of cultural gth of social intelligence positively predicts the cultural intelligence is studied in terms of their associations with intelligence much more than other predictors that were certain aspects of personality. However, it is claimed part of the analized model. that these studies on expatriates have not yet found the Keywords: cultural intelligence; openness; extraversion; predictive power of personality traits on these cultural character strengths. skills. The study discusses the results of three inves- tigations in which a sample of military students was Resumen analyzed to explore the associations between the factors of the big five model personality, the variable cultural En la actualidad, el desarrollo y funcionamiento de la intelligence, and the character strength. The research inteligencia cultural se estudia en función de sus aso- hypothesis is that the personality factor Openness is ciaciones con determinados aspectos de la personalidad. much more associated to cultural intelligence than to Sin embargo, es sabido que los estudios acerca de los Extraversion factor. Moreover, the strength of character expatriados aún no han hallado el poder predictivo de called social intelligence, predicts the level of cultural los rasgos de la personalidad sobre las mencionadas intelligence of the military students. The results indi- habilidades culturales. El presente estudio aborda los * Pablo Domingo Depaula, becario doctoral tipo II del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet); Susana Celeste Azzollini, investigadora adjunta del Conicet; **Alejandro César Cosentino, investigador de la Universidad de la Defensa Nacional (UNDEF)/Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa (CISOHDEF); Sergio Edgardo Castillo, UN- DEFCISOHDEF. The correspondence should be send to Pablo Depaula. E-mail: [email protected] How to cite this article: Depaula, P.D., Azzollini, S.C., Cosentino, A.C., & Castillo, S.E. (2016). Personality, Character Strengths and Cultural Intelligence: “Extraversion” or “Openness” as Further Factors Associated to the Cultural Skills. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 34(2), 415-436. doi: Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana / Bogotá (Colombia) / Vol. 34(2) / pp. 415-436 / 2016 / ISSNe2145-4515 415 Pablo Domingo Depaula, Susana Celeste Azzollini, Alejandro César Cosentino, Sergio Edgardo Castillo resultados de tres investigaciones en las que se analiza- At present the phenomenon of cultural divrsity ron asociaciones entre el modelo de los Cinco Grandes demands the possession of specific cultural skills factores de la personalidad, la variable inteligencia or cultural intelligence (Ang et al., 2007; Earley & cultural y las fortalezas del carácter. La hipótesis de Ang, 2003; Thomas et al., 2008) that facilitates the la investigación es que el factor de la personalidad adaptation to different cultural environments and apertura se asocia en mayor medida a la inteligencia it also deploys beliefs, behaviours, metacognitions cultural que el factor extraversión. Además, la fortaleza and cultural motivations (Depaula, 2010). del carácter, denominada inteligencia social, predice el In the eighties the model of the Big Five factors nivel de inteligencia cultural de los estudiantes militares. empirically established that all personality traits Los resultados indicaron que la apertura constituye un could be explained by five dimensions. These di- predictor positivo de la inteligencia cultural general de mensions gather and systematize through a lexical los estudiantes, y la fortaleza del carácter inteligencia approach. They allow people to predict the psycho- social predice positivamente la inteligencia cultural en pathology, the juvenile delinquency, the school, mayor medida que otros predictores que fueron parte the job performance, the risk factors associated del modelo analizado. with normal physical health and longevity among Palabras clave: inteligencia cultural; apertura; extra- others (Castro Solano, 2005; Depaula & Azzolli- versión; fortalezas del carácter. ni, 2013; Eysenck, 2009; Fierro, 1996; McCrae & Costa, 1985, 1999). Resumo From the psychopathological point of view a re- cent study on a sample taken to 215 young trainees Na atualidade, o desenvolvimento e funcionamento of different careers of public and private universities da inteligência cultural se estuda em função de suas in the city of Córdoba (Argentina) showed, on one associações com determinados aspetos da personali- hand, significant correlations between Extraversion dade. No entanto, é sabido que os estudos realizados factor and disorders such as schizoid, histrionic and sobre expatriados ainda não têm encontrado o poder narcissistic. On the other hand, the Opening factor preditivo dos rasgos da personalidade sobre as mencio- showed no strong associations with any disorder nadas habilidades culturais. O presente estudo aborda (Cupani, Sanchez, Gross, Chiepa, & Dean, 2013). os resultados de três pesquisas nas que se analisaram An investigation developed by Maltby (1999) associações entre o modelo dos Cinco Grandes fatores who evaluated 213 students at Sheffield Hallam da personalidade, a variável de inteligência cultural e University in England and 172 students at the as fortalezas de carácter. A hipótese da pesquisa é que University of Ulster in Northern Ireland provided o fator da personalidade Abertura se associa em maior results that the intrinsic orientation toward religion medida à inteligência cultural que o fator Extraversão. is linked to religious personal aspects, meanwhile Além disso, a fortaleza do carácter denominada inte- the extrinsic orientation reflects external aspects ligência social, prediz o nível de inteligência cultural and social aspects towards religion. However, this dos estudantes militares. Os resultados indicaram que a study reported no significant correlations between Abertura constitui um preditor positivo da inteligência religiosity and Extraversion. But it has indicated a cultural geral dos estudantes, e a fortaleza do carácter negative association between intrinsic orientation inteligência social prediz positivamente a inteligência and psychotism. cultural em maior medida que outros preditores que Lee, Dean, and Jung (2008) deal with the con- foram parte do modelo analisado. cept of social connectedness as a self-system that Palavras-chave: inteligência cultural; abertura; extra- results from the association between Extraversion versão; fortalezas do carácter. and well-being. The concept is defined as the sub- 416 Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana / Bogotá (Colombia) / Vol. 34(2) / pp. 415-436 / 2016 / ISSNe2145-4515 Personality, Character Strengths and Cultural Intelligence: “Extraversion” or “Openness” jective consciousness in relation to the social world. trol and ego-resiliency (Block, 2002; Block & As other authors claim, the social connectedness is Kremen, 1996). The first refers to the individual’s associated, among others, to the following factors: ability to control one’s impulses in front of specific the interpersonal trust, the self attachment, the situations (delay gratification, aggression expres- social competence, the identification with social sion, spontaneity and inhibition of behaviour) while groups, the emotional balance, the self-esteem, the second refers to the dynamic ability to change the low anxiety and depressive symptoms, the re- the ego-control to optimize the personality system ligious affiliation and social networks. Likewise, that is aimed at environmental context that allow this construct would be similar to Extraversion in temporal changes in function to provide diffe- the sense that both lead the social experiences of rent degrees of control. The authors noted that the the individuals. However according to Lee et al. self-resilient in individuals become
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