5-Fluorouracil + Adriamycin + Cyclophosphamide) Combination in Differentiated H9c2 Cells
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Cyclophosphamide-Etoposide PO Ver
Chemotherapy Protocol LYMPHOMA CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-ETOPOSIDE ORAL Regimen Lymphoma – Cyclophosphamide-Etoposide PO Indication Palliative treatment of malignant lymphoma Toxicity Drug Adverse Effect Cyclophosphamide Dysuria, haemorrragic cystitis (rare), taste disturbances Etoposide Alopecia, hyperbilirubinaemia The adverse effects listed are not exhaustive. Please refer to the relevant Summary of Product Characteristics for full details. Patients diagnosed with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma carry a lifelong risk of transfusion associated graft versus host disease (TA-GVHD). Where blood products are required these patients must receive only irradiated blood products for life. Local blood transfusion departments must be notified as soon as a diagnosis is made and the patient must be issued with an alert card to carry with them at all times. Monitoring Drugs FBC, LFTs and U&Es prior to day one of treatment Albumin prior to each cycle Dose Modifications The dose modifications listed are for haematological, liver and renal function and drug specific toxicities only. Dose adjustments may be necessary for other toxicities as well. In principle all dose reductions due to adverse drug reactions should not be re-escalated in subsequent cycles without consultant approval. It is also a general rule for chemotherapy that if a third dose reduction is necessary treatment should be stopped. Please discuss all dose reductions / delays with the relevant consultant before prescribing, if appropriate. The approach may be different depending on the clinical circumstances. Version 1.1 (Jan 2015) Page 1 of 6 Lymphoma- Cyclophosphamide-Etoposide PO Haematological Dose modifications for haematological toxicity in the table below are for general guidance only. Always refer to the responsible consultant as any dose reductions or delays will be dependent on clinical circumstances and treatment intent. -
PEMD-91-12BR Off-Label Drugs: Initial Results of a National Survey
11 1; -- __...._-----. ^.-- ______ -..._._ _.__ - _........ - t Ji Jo United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20648 Program Evaluation and Methodology Division B-242851 February 25,199l The Honorable Edward M. Kennedy Chairman, Committee on Labor and Human Resources United States Senate Dear Mr. Chairman: In September 1989, you asked us to conduct a study on reimbursement denials by health insurers for off-label drug use. As you know, the Food and Drug Administration designates the specific clinical indications for which a drug has been proven effective on a label insert for each approved drug, “Off-label” drug use occurs when physicians prescribe a drug for clinical indications other than those listed on the label. In response to your request, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of oncologists to determine: . the prevalence of off-label use of anticancer drugs by oncologists and how use varies by clinical, demographic, and geographic factors; l the extent to which third-party payers (for example, Medicare intermediaries, private health insurers) are denying payment for such use; and l whether the policies of third-party payers are influencing the treatment of cancer patients. We randomly selected 1,470 members of the American Society of Clinical Oncologists and sent them our survey in March 1990. The sam- pling was structured to ensure that our results would be generalizable both to the nation and to the 11 states with the largest number of oncologists. Our response rate was 56 percent, and a comparison of respondents to nonrespondents shows no noteworthy differences between the two groups. -
Inhibition of Cyclophosphamide and Mitomycin C-Induced Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Mice by Vitamin C
ICANCERRESEARCH46,2670-2674, June 19861 Inhibition of Cyclophosphamide and Mitomycin C-induced Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Mice by Vitamin C G. Krishna,' J. Nath, and T. Ong Natio,wilnstitutefor OccupationaiSafety and Health, Division ofRespiratory Disease Studies, Morgansown, West Virginia 26505-2888 fG. K., T. 0.], andDivision of PlantandSoil Sciences,West VirginiaUniversity,Morgantown,West Visijnia 265O6fJ.N.J ABSTRACF The research reported here was performed to determine the effect of ascorbic acid on SCEs induced by CPA and MMC in Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is known to act as an antimutagen and in vivo and in vivo/in vitro conditions in bone marrow and anticarcinogen in several test systems. However, there is no report of its spleen cells of mice. Analysis of SCEs is a sensitive cytogenetic effect on carcinogen-induced chromosomal damage in vii'o in animals. technique for detecting cellular chromosomal damage (11). The present study was performed to determine whether or not ascorbic SCEs are visualized as reciprocal exchangesof staining inten acid affects sister ébromatidexchanges (SCEs) induced by cyclophos sities between sister chromatid arms in metaphase cells that phamide (CPA) and mitomycin C (MMC) in bone marrow and spleen cells in mice. The results indicate that ascorbic acid per se did not cause have replicated twice in the presenceof BrdUrd. a significantincreaseinSCEsin mice.However,increasingconcentra tions of ascorbic acid caused decreasing levels of CPA- and MMC induced SCEs in both cell types in rho. At the highest concentration of MATERIALS AND METHODS ascorbic acid, 6.68 gfkg, approximately 75 and 40% SCE inhibition in Animals. Male CD-I mice were purchased from Charles River Breed both cell types was noted for CPA and MMC, respectively. -
August 2019: Additions and Deletions to the Drug Product List
Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drug Product List 39TH EDITION Cumulative Supplement Number 08 : August 2019 ADDITIONS/DELETIONS FOR PRESCRIPTION DRUG PRODUCT LIST ACETAMINOPHEN; BENZHYDROCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLET;ORAL APADAZ >D> + KVK TECH INC 325MG;EQ 8.16MG BASE N 208653 003 Jan 04, 2019 Aug CHRS >A> +! 325MG;EQ 8.16MG BASE N 208653 003 Jan 04, 2019 Aug CHRS ACETAMINOPHEN; CODEINE PHOSPHATE TABLET;ORAL ACETAMINOPHEN AND CODEINE PHOSPHATE >A> AA ELITE LABS INC 300MG;15MG A 212418 001 Sep 10, 2019 Aug NEWA >A> AA 300MG;30MG A 212418 002 Sep 10, 2019 Aug NEWA >A> AA 300MG;60MG A 212418 003 Sep 10, 2019 Aug NEWA ACETAMINOPHEN; OXYCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLET;ORAL OXYCODONE AND ACETAMINOPHEN >D> AA CHEMO RESEARCH SL 325MG;5MG A 207574 001 Dec 13, 2016 Aug CAHN >A> AA HALO PHARM CANADA 325MG;5MG A 207834 001 Aug 15, 2019 Aug NEWA >A> AA 325MG;7.5MG A 207834 002 Aug 15, 2019 Aug NEWA >A> AA 325MG;10MG A 207834 003 Aug 15, 2019 Aug NEWA >A> AA XIROMED 325MG;5MG A 207574 001 Dec 13, 2016 Aug CAHN ACYCLOVIR CAPSULE;ORAL ACYCLOVIR >A> AB CADILA 200MG A 204313 001 Mar 25, 2016 Aug CAHN >D> AB ZYDUS PHARMS 200MG A 204313 001 Mar 25, 2016 Aug CAHN >D> OINTMENT;OPHTHALMIC >D> AVACLYR >D> +! FERA PHARMS LLC 3% N 202408 001 Mar 29, 2019 Aug DISC >A> + @ 3% N 202408 001 Mar 29, 2019 Aug DISC OINTMENT;TOPICAL ACYCLOVIR >A> AB APOTEX INC 5% A 210774 001 Sep 06, 2019 Aug NEWA >D> AB PERRIGO UK FINCO 5% A 205659 001 Feb 20, 2019 Aug DISC >A> @ 5% A 205659 001 Feb 20, 2019 Aug DISC ALBENDAZOLE TABLET;ORAL ALBENDAZOLE >A> AB STRIDES PHARMA 200MG A 210011 -
Induction with Mitomycin C, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin And
British Journal of Cancer (1999) 80(12), 1962–1967 © 1999 Cancer Research Campaign Article no. bjoc.1999.0627 Induction with mitomycin C, doxorubicin, cisplatin and maintenance with weekly 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin for treatment of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a phase II study RL Hong1, TS Sheen2, JY Ko2, MM Hsu2, CC Wang1 and LL Ting3 Departments of 1Oncology, 2Otolaryngology and 3Radiation Therapy, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10016, Taiwan Summary The combination of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (PF) is the most popular regimen for treating metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) but it is limited by severe stomatitis and chronic cisplatin-related toxicity. A novel approach including induction with mitomycin C, doxorubicin and cisplatin (MAP) and subsequent maintenance with weekly 5-FU and leucovorin (FL) were designed with an aim to reduce acute and chronic toxicity of PF. Thirty-two patients of NPC with measurable metastatic lesions in the liver or lung were entered into this phase II trial. Mitomycin C 8 mg m–2, doxorubicin 40 mg m–2 and cisplatin 60 mg m–2 were given on day 1 every 3 weeks as initial induction. After either four courses or remission was achieved, patients received weekly dose of 5-FU 450 mg m–2 and leucovorin 30 mg m–2 for maintenance until disease progression. With 105 courses of MAP given, 5% were accompanied by grade 3 and 0% were accompanied by grade 4 stomatitis. The dose-limiting toxicity of MAP was myelosuppression. Forty per cent of courses had grade 3 and 13% of courses had grade 4 leukopenia. -
And Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
Vol. 2, 607–610, July 2003 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 607 Alchemix: A Novel Alkylating Anthraquinone with Potent Activity against Anthracycline- and Cisplatin-resistant Ovarian Cancer Klaus Pors, Zennia Paniwnyk, mediated stabilization of the topo II-DNA-cleavable complex Paul Teesdale-Spittle,1 Jane A. Plumb, and resulting in inhibition of poststrand passage DNA religa- Elaine Willmore, Caroline A. Austin, and tion (1). This event is not lethal per se but initiates a cascade 2 Laurence H. Patterson of events leading to cell death (2). Anthraquinones, as ex- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of emplified by mitoxantrone, are topo II inhibitors with proven Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom [K. P., L. H. P.]; Department of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, success for the treatment of advanced breast cancer, non- Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom [Z. P., P. T. S.]; Cancer Research Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and acute leukemia (3). Intercalation is UK Department of Medical Oncology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow a crucial part of topo II inhibition by cytotoxic anthraquinones G61 1BD, United Kingdom [J. A. P.]; and School of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, with high affinity for DNA (4). It is likely that the potent Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom [E. W., C. A. A.] cytotoxicity of anthraquinones is related to their slow rate of dissociation from DNA, the kinetics of which favors long- term trapping of the topo-DNA complexes (5). However, Abstract currently available DNA intercalators at best promote a tran- Chloroethylaminoanthraquinones are described with sient inhibition of topo II, because the topo-drug-DNA ter- intercalating and alkylating capacity that potentially nary complex is reversed by removal of the intracellular drug covalently cross-link topoisomerase II (topo II) to DNA. -
Arsenic Trioxide Is Highly Cytotoxic to Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells
160 Arsenic trioxide is highly cytotoxic to small cell lung carcinoma cells 1 1 Helen M. Pettersson, Alexander Pietras, effect of As2O3 on SCLC growth, as suggested by an Matilda Munksgaard Persson,1 Jenny Karlsson,1 increase in neuroendocrine markers in cultured cells. [Mol Leif Johansson,2 Maria C. Shoshan,3 Cancer Ther 2009;8(1):160–70] and Sven Pa˚hlman1 1Center for Molecular Pathology, CREATE Health and 2Division of Introduction Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 3 Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer deaths University Hospital MAS, Malmo¨, Sweden; and Department of f Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska worldwide and results in 1 million deaths each year (1). Institute and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Despite novel treatment strategies, the 5-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is only f15%. Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) accounts for 15% to 20% of all lung Abstract cancers diagnosed and is a very aggressive malignancy Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is an extremely with early metastatic spread (2). Despite an initially high aggressive form of cancer and current treatment protocols rate of response to chemotherapy, which currently com- are insufficient. SCLC have neuroendocrine characteristics bines a platinum-based drug with another cytotoxic drug and show phenotypical similarities to the childhood tumor (3, 4), relapses occur in the absolute majority of SCLC neuroblastoma. As multidrug-resistant neuroblastoma patients. At relapse, the efficacy of further chemotherapy is cells are highly sensitive to arsenic trioxide (As2O3) poor and the need for alternative treatments is obvious. in vitro and in vivo, we here studied the cytotoxic effects Arsenic-containing compounds have been used in tradi- of As2O3 on SCLC cells. -
Chemotherapy Protocol
Chemotherapy Protocol BREAST CANCER CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-EPIRUBICIN-PACLITAXEL (7 day) Regimen • Breast Cancer – Cyclophosphamide-Epirubicin-Paclitaxel (7 day) Indication • Neoadjuvant / adjuvant therapy of early breast cancer • WHO Performance status 0, 1 Toxicity Drug Adverse Effect Cyclophosphamide Dysuria, haemorrhagic cystitis, taste disturbances Epirubicin Cardio-toxicity, urinary discolouration (red) Hypersensitivity, hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral Paclitaxel neuropathy, myalgia and back pain on administration The adverse effects listed are not exhaustive. Please refer to the relevant Summary of Product Characteristics for full details. Monitoring Regimen • FBC, U&Es and LFTs prior to each cycle. • Ensure adequate cardiac function before starting treatment with epirubicin. Baseline LVEF should be measured, particularly in patients with a history of cardiac problems or in the elderly. Dose Modifications The dose modifications listed are for haematological, liver and renal function only. Dose adjustments may be necessary for other toxicities as well. In principle all dose reductions due to adverse drug reactions should not be re- escalated in subsequent cycles without consultant approval. It is also a general rule for chemotherapy that if a third dose reduction is necessary treatment should be stopped. Please discuss all dose reductions / delays with the relevant consultant before prescribing if appropriate. The approach may be different depending on the clinical circumstances. The following is a general guide only. Version 1.2 (November 2020) Page 1 of 7 Breast – Cyclophosphamide-Epirubicin-Paclitaxel (7 day) Haematological Prior to prescribing the following treatment criteria must be met on day one of treatment. Criteria Eligible Level Neutrophils equal to or more than 1x10 9/L Platelets equal to or more than 100x10 9/L Consider blood transfusion if patient symptomatic of anaemia or has a haemoglobin of less than 8g/dL If counts on day one are below these criteria for neutrophils and platelets then delay treatment for seven days. -
Fluorouracil-Methotrexate (CMF PO)
Chemotherapy Protocol BREAST CANCER CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE (PO)-FLUOROURACIL-METHOTREXATE (CMF-PO) Regimen • Breast Cancer – Cyclophosphamide (PO)-Fluorouracil-Methotrexate (CMF PO) Indication • Adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer • WHO Performance status 0, 1, 2 Toxicity Drug Adverse Effect Cyclophosphamide Dysuria, haemorrhagic cystitis, taste disturbances Fluorouracil Diarrhoea, stomatitis Methotrexate Stomatitis, conjunctivitis, renal toxicity The presence of a third fluid compartment e.g. ascities or renal failure may delay methotrexate clearance hence increase toxicity. The adverse effects listed are not exhaustive. Please refer to the relevant Summary of Product Characteristics for full details. Monitoring Regimen • FBC, U&E’s and LFT’s prior to each cycle. • Patients with complete or partial dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency are at increased risk of severe and fatal toxicity during treatment with fluorouracil. All patients should be tested for DPD deficiency before initiation (cycle 1) to minimise the risk of these reactions Dose Modifications The dose modifications listed are for haematological, liver and renal function only. Dose adjustments may be necessary for other toxicities as well. In principle all dose reductions due to adverse drug reactions should not be re- escalated in subsequent cycles without consultant approval. It is also a general rule for chemotherapy that if a third dose reduction is necessary treatment should be stopped. Version 1.2 (November 2020) Page 1 of 6 Breast – Cyclophosphamide (PO)-Fluorouracil-Methotrexate (CMF-PO) Please discuss all dose reductions / delays with the relevant consultant before prescribing, if appropriate. The approach may be different depending on the clinical circumstances. The following is a general guide only. Haematological Prior to prescribing the following treatment criteria must be met on day 1 of treatment. -
Arsenic Trioxide Targets MTHFD1 and SUMO-Dependent Nuclear De Novo Thymidylate Biosynthesis
Arsenic trioxide targets MTHFD1 and SUMO-dependent PNAS PLUS nuclear de novo thymidylate biosynthesis Elena Kamyninaa, Erica R. Lachenauera,b, Aislyn C. DiRisioa, Rebecca P. Liebenthala, Martha S. Fielda, and Patrick J. Stovera,b,c,1 aDivision of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; bGraduate Field of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and cGraduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Contributed by Patrick J. Stover, February 12, 2017 (sent for review December 1, 2016; reviewed by I. David Goldman and Anne Parle-McDermott) Arsenic exposure increases risk for cancers and is teratogenic in levels. Decreased rates of de novo dTMP synthesis can be caused animal models. Here we demonstrate that small ubiquitin-like by the action of chemotherapeutic drugs (19), through inborn modifier (SUMO)- and folate-dependent nuclear de novo thymidylate errors of folate transport and metabolism (15, 18, 20, 21), by (dTMP) biosynthesis is a sensitive target of arsenic trioxide (As2O3), inhibiting translocation of the dTMP synthesis pathway enzymes leading to uracil misincorporation into DNA and genome instability. into the nucleus (2) and by dietary folate deficiency (22, 23). Im- Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) and serine paired dTMP synthesis leads to genome instability through well- hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) generate 5,10-methylenetetrahy- characterized mechanisms associated with uracil misincorporation drofolate for de novo dTMP biosynthesis and translocate to the nu- into nuclear DNA and subsequent futile cycles of DNA repair (24, cleus during S-phase, where they form a multienzyme complex with 25). Nuclear DNA is surveyed for the presence of uracil by a thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), as family of uracil glycosylases including: uracil N-glycolase (UNG), well as the components of the DNA replication machinery. -
Characteristics of Doxorubicin‑Selected Multidrug‑Resistant Human Leukemia HL‑60 Cells with Tolerance to Arsenic Trioxide and Contribution of Leukemia Stem Cells
ONCOLOGY LETTERS 15: 1255-1262, 2018 Characteristics of doxorubicin‑selected multidrug‑resistant human leukemia HL‑60 cells with tolerance to arsenic trioxide and contribution of leukemia stem cells JING CHEN, HULAI WEI, JIE CHENG, BEI XIE, BEI WANG, JUAN YI, BAOYING TIAN, ZHUAN LIU, FEIFEI WANG and ZHEWEN ZHANG Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China Received December 29, 2015; Accepted June 9, 2017 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7353 Abstract. The present study selected and characterized resistance (MDR) frequently induces therapy failure or tumor a multidrug-resistant HL-60 human acute promyelocytic recurrence (1-3). MDR involves various mechanisms including, leukemia cell line, HL-60/RS, by exposure to stepwise adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, incremental doses of doxorubicin. The drug-resistant P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug-resistance-related protein HL-60/RS cells exhibited 85.68-fold resistance to doxoru- (MRP) and breast-cancer-resistance protein (BCRP) overex- bicin and were cross-resistant to other chemotherapeutics, pression, which function to efflux certain molecules out of including cisplatin, daunorubicin, cytarabine, vincristine the cells (4-8). In addition, mechanisms of acquired MDR and etoposide. The cells over-expressed the transporters in leukemia also include abnormal drug metabolism and the P-glycoprotein, multidrug-resistance-related protein 1 presence of leukemia stem cells (LSC). LSCs are particu- and breast-cancer-resistance protein, encoded by the larly of interest and considered to serve an important role adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC)B1, ABCC1 in leukemia resistance and relapse (4). -
Cardioprotective Effects of Exercise Training on Doxorubicin-Induced
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Cardioprotective efects of exercise training on doxorubicin‑induced cardiomyopathy: a systematic review with meta‑analysis of preclinical studies Paola Victória da Costa Ghignatti, Laura Jesuíno Nogueira, Alexandre Machado Lehnen & Natalia Motta Leguisamo* Doxorubicin (DOX)‑induced cardiotoxicity in chemotherapy is a major treatment drawback. Clinical trials on the cardioprotective efects of exercise in cancer patients have not yet been published. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta‑analysis of preclinical studies for to assess the efcacy of exercise training on DOX‑induced cardiomyopathy. We included studies with animal models of DOX‑induced cardiomyopathy and exercise training from PubMed, Web of Sciences and Scopus databases. The outcome was the mean diference (MD) in fractional shortening (FS, %) assessed by echocardiography between sedentary and trained DOX‑treated animals. Trained DOX‑treated animals improved 7.40% (95% CI 5.75–9.05, p < 0.001) in FS vs. sedentary animals. Subgroup analyses revealed a superior efect of exercise training execution prior to DOX exposure (MD = 8.20, 95% CI 6.27–10.13, p = 0.010). The assessment of cardiac function up to 10 days after DOX exposure and completion of exercise protocol was also associated with superior efect size in FS (MD = 7.89, 95% CI 6.11–9.67, p = 0.020) vs. an echocardiography after over 4 weeks. Modality and duration of exercise, gender and cumulative DOX dose did were not individually associated with changes on FS. Exercise training is a cardioprotective approach in rodent models of DOX‑induced cardiomyopathy. Exercise prior to DOX exposure exerts greater efect sizes on FS preservation.