Nuevos Registros De Especies De Eristalinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) Para Venezuela, Con Larvas Asociadas a Cactáceas

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Nuevos Registros De Especies De Eristalinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) Para Venezuela, Con Larvas Asociadas a Cactáceas ISSN 2443-437X (electrónico) ENTOMOTROPICA Vol. 31(2): 14-22 ISSN 1317-5262 (impreso) on line 21-Enero-2016 Nuevos registros de especies de Eristalinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) para Venezuela, con larvas asociadas a cactáceas Evelín Arcaya1, Ximo Mengual2 1Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, Decanato de Agronomía. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Apartado 400, Barquisimeto, Venezuela. E-mail: [email protected]. 2 Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig. Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere. Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Alemania. E-mail:[email protected]. Resumen Arcaya E, Mengual X. 2015. Nuevos registros de especies de Eristalinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) para Venezuela, con larvas asociadas a cactáceas. Entomotropica 31(2): 14-22. Con el propósito de estudiar las especies de Eristalinae en el estado Lara, Venezuela, se realizaron recolectas quincenales de adultos y estados inmaduros en los municipios Crespo, Iribarren, Jiménez, Morán y Palavecino. El muestreo de adultos se llevó a cabo con red entomológica, mientras que la captura de las fases preimaginales se realizó sobre cactáceas en descomposición. Como resultado se obtuvieron 1 070 ejemplares de Eristalinae agrupados en 5 géneros y 17 especies. Son registradas por primera vez para Venezuela las especies Copestylum chalybescens, Copestylum fraudulentum, Copestylum villarica y Copestylum tamaulipanum. Además, se conocen por primera vez datos sobre la biología larvaria de Nausigaster flukei y de Copestylum flaviventre alimentándose de cladodios de Opuntia y tallos columnares de Cereus, respectivamente. Asimismo, se encontró una nueva especie para la ciencia del género Nausigaster, cuyas larvas se alimentan de cladodios de Opuntia sp. en descomposición. Palabras clave adicionales: Cactaceae, Copestylum, Nausigaster, Región Neotropical, Venezuela. Abstract Arcaya E, Mengual X. 2015. New records of Eristalinae species (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Venezuela, with larvae associated to cacti. Entomotropica 31(2): 14-22. In order to study species of Eristalinae in Lara state, Venezuela, adults and preimaginal stages were sampled biweekly in Crespo, Iribarren, Jimenez, Moran and Palavecino municipalities. The sampling of adults was conducted using an entomological net, while larvae and pupae were collected on and in rotting cacti. A total of 1 070 specimens of Eristalinae grouped in 5 genera and 17 species were collected. Copestylum chalybescens, Copestylum fraudulentum, Copestylum villarica and Copestylum tamaulipanum were recorded from Venezuela for the first time. In addition, we provide first-time information about the preimaginal biology ofNausigaster flukei and Copestylum flaviventre feeding on Opuntia cladodes and columnar stems of Cereus respectively. Moreover, a new species to science of the genus Nausigaster was found, the larvae of which feed on rotting Opuntia cladodes. Additional key words: Cactaceae, Copestylum, Nausigaster, Neotropical Region, Venezuela. © 2016, Sociedad Venezolana de Entomología ARCAYA E Y MENGUAL X. Eristalinae del estado Lara Introducción Eristalinae presentan una increíble diversidad Los adultos de la familia Syrphidae son trófica que va desde la saprofagia a la fitofagia, comúnmente conocidos como “moscas de las incluyendo especies coprófagas, micófagas e flores” o “moscas cernidoras”, por su característico incluso depredadoras (Rotheray 1993, Rotheray vuelo y su frecuente visita a flores, donde hallan y Gilbert 2011). Existen larvas que se alimentan el polen y néctar para alimentarse. Por este de hongos o de plantas vasculares, como algunas motivo, muchas especies son consideradas como especies del género Cheilosia Meigen, 1822; importantes polinizadores, tanto en ecosistemas otras son depredadoras facultativas y obligadas naturales, como en agroecosistemas ( Jarlan et al. en nidos de himenópteros sociales, como 1997, Pérez-Bañón et al. 2007, Ssymank et al. algunas especies de Volucella Geoffroy, 1762 2008, Ssymank y Kearns 2009). En general, los (Vockeroth y Thompson 1987). También existen sírfidos son polinizadores generalistas aunque se especies cuyas larvas se alimentan de estiércol o han citado especies polinizadoras de orquídeas materia orgánica en descomposición, como las con sistemas complejos de polinización del género Rhingia Scopoli, 1763 (Rotheray (Pansarin 2008). 1993), o en exudados de savia de árboles, como Volucella inflata (Fabricius, 1794) (Rotheray Los sírfidos presentan una gran variedad de 1999) y Alipumilio athesphatus Thompson, formas y tamaños, asemejándose en muchas 2009 (Morales et al. 2009). Incluso, algunas ocasiones a abejas, avispas o abejorros con los que especies poseen larvas acuáticas con hábitos se mimetizan frecuentemente (Holloway et al. depredadores, como las especies del género 2002, Penney et al. 2012, 2014). Los miembros de Nepenthosyrphus Meijere, 1932 (Rotheray 2003). esta familia de dípteros se encuentran presentes Las especies del género Copestylum Macquart, en todas las grandes regiones biogeográficas 1846, presentan una gran diversidad de hábitos (Vockeroth y Thompson 1987), conociéndose saprófagos, desde larvas que se alimentan de aproximadamente 202 géneros y más de 6 000 cactáceas en descomposición, hasta asociaciones especies descritas (Thompson et al. 2010), con fitotelmata presentes en bromeliáceas agrupadas en las subfamilias Microdontinae, (Rotheray et al. 2007, 2009). Por otro lado, Eristalinae, Syrphinae y Pipizinae (Mengual existen registros de larvas de Ornidia obesa et al. 2015). En lo concerniente a la Región (Fabricius, 1775) y Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, Neotropical, Thompson (1999) indica que 1758) que llegan a causar miasis en humanos la familia está representada por más de 1 600 después de una ingestión accidental (Machado especies agrupadas en 60 géneros, aunque es 1937, Kun et al. 1998, Aguilera et al. 1999, muy plausible que estas citas estén subestimadas García-Zapata et al. 2005). debido a la falta de estudios en amplias zonas de Suramérica (Amorim 2009). Como muestra Los estudios faunísticos de ambientes de esta falta de estudio, Thompson et al. (2010) semiáridos son de especial relevancia para señalan que sólo en Centroamérica hay más de entender el rol de los invertebrados en los 260 nuevas especies que esperan ser descritas. procesos de descomposición y polinización (Nderitu et al. 2008, Martínez-Falcón et al. De las cuatro subfamilias mencionadas, 2010, 2012). Para la mayoría de las especies de Eristalinae es el grupo más diverso desde el Copestylum y Nausigaster Williston, 1884 de las punto de vista morfológico, en cuanto a biología que se sabe algo de su biología, las cactáceas en larvaria y en lo referente al número de especies y descomposición es la fuente alimenticia más géneros. Esta subfamilia contiene 3 000 especies común para los estadios inmaduros (Marcos- descritas en 114 géneros (Morales y Marinoni García y Pérez-Bañón 2001, 2002; Rotheray 2009). Las larvas de los representantes de 15 ENTOMOTROPICA 31(2): 14-22 et al. 2000). Ambos géneros son endémicos tubos de vidrio (21 mm x 70 mm). La captura del continente americano, desde Canadá hasta de las larvas y pupas se realizó extrayendo Argentina y Chile, y en muchos casos la única muestras de tallos columnares del género Cereus manera de encontrar y describir sus especies, es Mill. y cladodios de Opuntia Mill. (Cactaceae) a través de la cría en laboratorio de las larvas en descomposición. Este material se colocó en encontradas en el campo (Rotheray et al. 2000, envases de plástico de 4 litros de capacidad, 2007, 2009). rotulados con los siguientes datos: lugar de El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar y recolecta, fecha, planta hospedante y el nombre registrar las especies de Eristalinae relacionados del recolector. Los envases utilizados para la con cactáceas en el estado Lara, Venezuela, recolección fueron previamente preparados mediante muestreo de estados inmaduros y con una abertura en su tapa, cubierta por tela de imagos. Además, se trató de relacionar la dopiovello, con el propósito de una apropiada morfología preimaginal con la fase adulta ventilación. Una vez finalizada la captura, mediante la cría en laboratorio de las especies los envases plásticos fueron trasladados al muestreadas. Laboratorio de Investigación de Entomología, Decanato de Agronomía de la Universidad Materiales y Métodos Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA), ubicado en Tarabana, estado Lara, Venezuela. En el estado Lara, Venezuela, se realizaron En el laboratorio, los tubos de vidrio con muestreos quincenales de adultos y larvas de los los ejemplares adultos recolectados, fueron Eristalinae en las localidades de Cabudare (450 colocados en el congelador hasta su preparación. m, lat 10° 01’ 58,94” N, long 69° 15’ 55,24” W, Los envases con las muestras de las larvas fueron municipio Palavecino), Canape (660 m, lat 10° mantenidos en una sala de cría a 25 ± 1 ºC, 68 01’ 58,94” N, long 69° 15’ 55,24” W, municipio ± 10 % HR y 12:12 h (D:N) de fotoperiodo, Jiménez), El Pampero (644 m, lat 10° 13’ 18,52” hasta la emergencia de los adultos. Diariamente, N, long 69° 17’ 21,32” W, municipio Iribarren), cada uno de los envases era examinado en busca El Tocuyo (627 m, lat 10° 13’ 18,52” N, long 69° de pupas y una vez emergidos los adultos, éstos 17’ 21,32” W, municipio Morán), Pico-Pico (1 eran congelados y luego montados y etiquetados 050 m, lat 10° 21’ 35,99” N, long 69° 13’ 37,72” de acuerdo a los datos de la recolección. W, municipio Crespo), Tarabana (500 m, lat 10° 01’ 58,34” N, long 69° 17’ 05,13”
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