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Ordovician and Silurian Phi Kappa and Trail Creek Formations

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Ordovician and Silurian Phi Kappa and Trail Creek Formations Ordovician and Silurian Phi Kappa and Trail Creek Formations, Pioneer Mountains, Central Idaho Stratigraphic and Structural Revisions, and New Data on Graptolite Faunas GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1090 ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN PHI KAPPA AND TRAIL CREEK FORMATIONS, PIONEER MOUNTAINS, CENTRAL IDAHO STRATIGRAPHIC AND STRUCTURAL REVISIONS, AND NEW DATA ON GRAPTOLITE FAUNAS WEST SOp EXPLANATION THRUST FAULT Showing relative movement. FAULT Showing relative movement Teeth on upper plate APPROXIMATE BEDDING TRACE Frontispiece. Imbricate thrust slices of the Phi Kappa (SOp) and the three sections originally measured for the Phi Kappa Forma­ Trail Creek (St) Formations on the ridge between Park and Little tion by Westgate and C. P. Ross (1930), called the Park Creek Fall Creeks, Pioneer Mountains, Idaho. The imbricated Phi Kap­ ridge section in this report, extends eastward from point A along pa-Trail Creek allochthon moved eastward over deformed clastic the ridge crest and beyond the right edge of the photograph, rocks of the Mississippian Copper Basin Formation (Me in lower where it crosses the sole thrust of the Phi Kappa-Trail Creek right and distant ridge). Silurian and Devonian rocks (DSr) over­ allochthon (thrust fault with close-spaced teeth). rode the Phi Kappa-Trail Creek allochthon from the west. One of Ordovician and Silurian Phi Kappa and Trail Creek Formations, Pioneer Mountains, Central Idaho Stratigraphic and Structural Revisions, and New Data on Graptolite Faunas By JAMES H. DOVER, W. B. N. BERRY, and R. J. ROSS, JR. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1090 Biostratigraphic and structural field studies in lower Paleozoic rocks of central Idaho UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1980 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CECIL D. ANDRUS, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY H. William Menard, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Dover, James H. Ordovician and Silurian Phi Kappa and Trail Creek Formations, Pioneer Mountains, central Idaho. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 1090) Bibliography: p. 48 1. Geology, Stratigraphic Ordovician. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic Silurian. 3. Geology Idaho Pioneer Mountains. 4. Graptolites. I. Berry, William B. N., joint author. II. Ross, Reuben James, 1918- joint author. HI. Title. IV, Series: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1090. QE660.D67 551.?'3'0979632 78-18291 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract.................... 1 The Graptolite fauna, by W. B. N. Berry Introduction ................ 2 Location and access...... 2 The late Early-early Middle Ordovician faunas ............. 17 Physiography ........... 4 Ecological possibilities................................... 20 Previous work ........... 4 Zoogeographic distribution............................... 21 Acknowledgments ....... 4 Biostratigraphic distribution............................. 21 Organization of the report 4 Conclusions ............................................. 21 Systematic descriptions.................................. 22 Geology of the Ordovician-Silurian Outcrop Belt: Reevaluation of the Phi Kappa and Trail Creek Formations, Class Graptolithina ............. 22 by J. H. Dover, R. J. Ross, Jr., and W. B. N. Berry Genus Pseudobryograptus ... 22 Genus Dichograptus ........ 22 The Phi Kappa Formation ................................ 5 Genus Phyllograptus ........ 23 Statement of the problem............................. 5 Genus Didymograptus ..... 23 Review of previous concepts .......................... 5 Genus Cardiograptus....... 25 Discussion .......................................... 7 Genus Isograptus .......... 26 Nomenclatural problem resulting from proposed ex­ Genus Pseudisograptus .... 29 clusions ....................................... 7 Genus Oncograptus ........ 31 Problems with previous stratigraphic and structural Genus Glossograptus....... 31 concepts raised by new data..................... 9 Genus Paraglossograptus ... 33 The Phi Kappa Formation, redefined .................. 10 Genus Cryptograptus ...... 33 Regional correlation ................................. 11 Genus Diplograptus ........ 34 The Trail Creek Formation ............................... 14 Genus Amplexograptus .... 34 Statement of the problem............................. 14 Genus Glyptograptus ...... 34 Review of previous concepts .......................... 14 Graptolite collections .............. 37 Discussion .......................................... 15 Ordovician graptolite collections 37 Trail Creek Formation, restricted ..................... 15 Silurian graptolite collections ... 47 Regional correlation ................................. 16 References cited................... 48 Unnamed Silurian and Devonian calcareous siltstone ....... 16 Index............................. 63 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 2-6 follow index] Page PLATE 1. Geologic map and cross sections showing distribution of Middle Silurian to Ordovician rocks, northern Pioneer Mountains, central Idaho ....................................................................... In pocket 2-6. Photographs of graptolites: 2. Didymograptus, Oncograptus, Pseudobryograptus, and Glossograptus. 3. Didymograptus, Isograptus, Pseudisograptus, and Dichograptus. 4. Oncograptus, Isograptus, Cardiograptus, and Phyllograptus. 5. Isograptus and Pseudisograptus. 6. Glossograptus, Amplexograptus, Glyptograptus, and Paraglossograptus. FRONTISPIECE. Photograph of imbricate thrust slices of the Phi Kappa and Trail Creek Formations on the ridge between Park and Little Fall Creeks, Pioneer Mountains, Idaho . FIGURE 1. Simplified geologic map of the northern Pioneer Mountains, Idaho, showing measured stratigraphic sections and key graptolite localities ......................................................................... 3 2. Photograph of Early Ordovician graptolite locality of Blackwelder (1913) on Trail Creek road ................. 5 3. Photograph of upper part of Trail Creek Summit section viewed from Trail Creek road approximately 0.8 km south of pass ...................................................................................... 6 4. Photograph of tectonic contact between imbricated allochthon of Phi Kappa Formation and structurally underlying Mississippian clastic rocks of the Copper Basin Formation .................................. 8 5. Columnar section of the principal reference section of the Trail Creek Formation, showing graptolite collection localities and zonal assignments ..................................................................... 10 6. Map showing distribution of Ordovician and Silurian rocks in central Idaho ................................ 12 VI CONTENTS FIGURES 7-14. Sketches of graptolites: Page 7. Isograptus caduceus australis Cooper ............. 26 8. Isograptus caduceus australis Cooper ............. 26 9. Isograptus caduceus imitatis Harris .............. 27 10. Isograptus victorias lunatus Harris ............... 28 11. Isograptus victorias victoriae Harris ............. 29 12. Glossograptus hincksii (Hopkinson) .............. 32 13. Cryptograptus schaferi Lapworth ................ 33 14. Glyptograptus austrodentatus americanus Bulman 35 TABLES Page TABLE 1. Graptolite faunas and zone assignments of collections from base of Trail Creek Summit section, reference section for the Phi Kappa Formation ......................................................................................... 18 2. Graptolite faunas and zone assignments of collections from Little Fall Creek section, reference section for the Phi Kappa Formation ......................'............................................................................. 19 3. Graptolite faunas and zone assignments of collections from near base of thrust slice III at Trail Creek Summit........... 20 4. Comparison of Ordovician graptolite zones of Berry (1960,1976) for the western United States with zones of Elles and Wood (1901-14)for the British Isles ................................................................................. 38 METRIC-ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS [SI, International System of Units, a modernized metric system of measurement] SI unit U.S. customary equivalent SI unit U.S. customary equivalent Length Volume per unit time (includes flow) Continued millimeter (mm) = 0.03937 inch (in) decimeter3 per second = 15.85 gallons per minute meter (m) = 3.281 feet (ft) (dm3/s) (gal/min) = 1.094 yards (yd) = 543.4 barrels per day kilometer (km) = 0.6214 mile (mi) (bbl/d) (petroleum, = 0.5400 mile, nautical (nmi) 1 bbl = 42 gal) meter3 per second (m3/s) 35.31 feet3 per second (ft3/s) = 15 850 gallons per minute Area (gal/min) centimeter2 (cm2 ) - 0.1550 inch2 (in2) meter2 (m2 ) = 10.76 feet2 (ft2 ) Mass - 1.196 yards2 (yd2) = 0.000 247 1 acre gram (g) = 0.035 27 ounce avoirdupois (oz hectometer2 (hm2 ) = 2.471 acres avdp) = 0.003 861 section (640 acres or kilogram (kg) = 2.205 pounds avoirdupois (Ib 1 mi2 ) avdp) kilometer2 (km2 ) = 0.3861 mile2 (mi2) megagram (Mg) = 1.102 tons, short (2 000 Ib) 0.984 2 ton, long (2 240 Ib) Volume centimeter3 (cm3 ) 0.061 02 inch3 (in3 ) Mass per unit volume (includes density) decimeter3 (dm3) - 61.02 inches3 (in3 ) = 2.113 pints (pt) kilogram per meter3 = 0.062 43 pound per foot3 (lb/ft3 ) = 1.057 quarts (qt) (kg/m3 ) 0.264 2 gallon (pal) = 0.035 31 foot3 (ft3) meter3 (m3 ) 35.31 feet« (ft3) Pressure = 1.308 yards3 (yd3 ) = 264.2 gallons (gal) kilopascal (kPa) = 0.145 0 pound-force per inch2 = 6.290 barrels
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